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Book of Abstracts 11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe
23 - 25 September 2015 University of Stuttgart, Germany
TableofContent
ProgrammOverview 1‐7
Abstracts 8
ExperiencedPhDs 8
Lidar‐Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines, SCHLIPF DAVID 8
Determination of aerodynamic damping of wind turbines using inverse impulse based
substructuring, SCHAFHIRT SEBASTIAN 9
Synthetic turbulence inflow method for atmospheric turbulence and its application in complex
terrain, SCHULZ CHRISTOPH, KIM YUSIK 10
Turbulence in wind turbine wakes under different atmospheric conditions from static and scanning
Doppler LiDARs, KUMER VALERIE 11
Time‐Domain Loads Mapping for Offshore Floating Platforms for Wind Turbines, CAMPOS ALEXIS 12
Oralpresentations 13
Session:ControlandLoadReduction Load mitigation for wind turbines by a passive flap, MONTINARI PIERLUIGI 13
Advanced Multivariable Control Design for Modern Multi‐MW Wind Turbines, RITTER BASTIAN 14
Active Control of Wind Turbines Through Varying Blade Tip Sweep, BOULAMATSIS ACHILLES 15
Session:ModellingofWind,TurbineandFoundation 16 Importance sampling of severe wind gusts, BOS RENÉ 16
Probabilistic Gust Characterization, HANNESDOTTIR ASTA 17
Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller,
RIVA RICCARDO 18
Model Calibration for the Soil‐Structure‐Interaction of an Offshore Wind Turbine with Suction
Buckets, EHRMANN ANDREAS 19
Session:MeteorologicalEffectsandWindPowerEstimation 20
Variations of the wake height over the Bolund escarpment, LANGE JULIA 20
Influence of turbulence intensity on wind turbine power curves, BARDAL LARS MORTEN 21
Wind Power Estimations using OpenFoam Coupled with WRF, LEBLEBICI ENGIN 22
Session:RemoteSensing 23
Radial wind speed uncertainty of nacelle‐mounted profiling lidars, BORRACCINO ANTOINE 23
Evolution of wind towards wind turbine, GIYANANI ASHIM 24
Analysis of Two‐dimensional Inflow Measurements by Lidar‐Based Wind Scanners,
MEYER FORSTING ALEXANDER 25
Session:NewConcepts 26
A New Wind Tower Construction Method using Double Wall Elements, FISCHER ILJA 26
Gust Load Alleviation through Enhanced Fluid‐Structure Interaction, CORDES ULRIKE 27
A multi‐band virtual sensing approach for fatigue assessment of monopile wind turbines,
ILIOPOULOS ALEXANDROS 28
PIV study of wall bounded Fractal‐grid‐generated Turbulence, AMIRI HAZAVEH HOOMAN 29
Session:GridIntegration,StorageandReliabilityofElectricalComponents 30
Optimising Power System Integration based on the Energy Ratio, SCHYSKA BRUNO 30
Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates for a Global Electricity Grid with High Shares
of Renewables, KIES ALEXANDER 31
Experimental Set‐up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle Power
Converter, SMITH CHRISTOPHER 32
Hybrid Classifier for Drift‐like Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Converters, TOUBAKH HOUARI 33
Session:RotorDesignandTesting 34 Integrated high fidelity design optimization of wind turbines, BORTOLOTTI PIETRO 34
Aerodynamic scaling of a generic wind turbine blade for wind tunnel investigations, BERGER FREDERIK 35
2D‐PIV Investigation of the Effects of Tip Injection on the Tip Flow Characteristics of a Model HAWT,
ANIK EZGI 36
Session:RotorDynamicsandAerodynamics 37 Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Large Composite Wind Turbine Blades, FARSADI TOURAJ 37
Wind turbine with iced blades: Stability analysis of coupled blade's in‐plane and tower motions,
GANTASALA SUDHAKAR 38
An examination of rotational effects on large wind turbine blades, BANGGA GALIH 39
An integral boundary layer method for modelling the effects of vortex generators,
BALDACCHINO DANIEL 40
Session:LoadMeasurementsandTesting 41 How different turbulent inflow conditions affect wind turbines in an experimental approach,
SCHOTTLER JANNIK 41
Statistical Extrapolation Methods for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbine Extreme Loads,
LOTT SARAH 42
Towards monitoring the consumed fatigue life of fleets of offshore wind turbines,
WEIJTJENS WOUT 43
Session:WindFarmControl 44 Detection of Partial Wake Impingement for Wind Farm Control by Analysis of Rotor Loads,
SCHREIBER JOHANNES 44
Lidar ‐ a measurement tool for wind farm control, RAACH STEFFEN 45
Dynamic Wind Farm Controller, AHMAD TANVIR 46
Posters 47
1 ‐ Lift Force Control of a Stand‐Alone Airfoil, AGUIAR DA FRANCA ALINE 47
2 ‐ Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations of generic 10 MW turbines, JOST EVA 48
3 ‐ NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SWEEP‐TWIST WIND TURBINE BLADE, KAYA NUMAN 49
4 ‐ Genetic Algorithm with Gradient Based Optimization for HAWT blade design, KIM YOUJIN 50
5 ‐ CFD Simulation of a floating horizontal axis model wind turbine, KLEIN LEVIN 51
6 ‐ Modal testing of a reinforced wind turbine blade, LU HONGYA 52
7 ‐ QBlade: an open source toolbox for unsteady lifting line simulations of HAWT and
VAWT turbines, MARTEN DAVID 53
8 ‐ Aerofoil Design Optimisation for Wind or Tidal Turbines, PUN CHANDRA 54
9 ‐ Free‐form design of low‐induction rotors, SARTORI LUCA 55
10 ‐ Aerodynamic Study of Curved Blades Using Lifting Line Code, WANG ZI 56
11 ‐ Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions,
YIRTICI OZCAN 57
12 ‐ Comparison of different rotating modelling techniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation,
ZHANG YE 58
13 ‐ Numerical investigations of an airfoil in the wake of a slotted cylinder, FISCHER ANNETTE 59
14 ‐ Experimental Study of Effects of Tip Injection on the Performance of Two Interacting Wind
Turbines, OSTOVAN YASHAR 60
15 ‐ Steady and Transient 3D Analysis of a Model Wind Turbine, TABATABAEI NARGES 61
16 ‐ Improving wind climate estimation using one‐way coupled meso‐ to microscale models,
OLSEN BJARKE TOBIAS 62
17 ‐ A Southern German joint research project towards a better understanding of complex
terrain sites, SCHULZ CHRISTOPH 63
18 ‐ Reconstruction of Micro Scale Atmosphereric flowfields based on proper orthogonal
decomposition, SEVINE TANSU 64
19 ‐ Numerical investigation and validation of wind energy relevant flows using a stochastic
based eddy resolving turbulence model, AHMADI GHAZALEH 65
20 ‐ The influence of shear flow on the performance and wake characteristics of a
model turbine, BARTL JAN 66
21 ‐ Wake development behind a turbine for different flow inlet turbulence, CECCOTTI CLIO 67
22 ‐ Wind‐farm performance prediction and optimization with a unique weather predictor,
KIM YOUJIN 68
23 ‐ Uncertainty of Power Production Predictions of Stationary Wind Farm Models,
MURCIA JUAN PABLO 69
24 ‐ Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm, NOPPE NYMFA 70
25 ‐ LES modelling of wind turbine wakes at full and reduced scales, WANG JIANGANG 71
26 ‐ Combined power output of an array two turbines in‐line, WIKLAK PIOTR 72
27 ‐ LES for industrial wind farm aerodynamics, MEHTA DHRUV 73
28 ‐ Advanced Lidar‐Assisted Control Concepts for Large Wind Turbines, FUERST HOLGER 74
29 ‐ State Feedback Disturbance Rejection for Pitch Regulated Variable Speed Wind Turbine,
HUSSAIN ROHAIDA 75
30 ‐ Stochastic Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces acting on Airfoils in turbulent Inflow,
KAMPERS GERRIT 76
31 ‐ Support Structure Load Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines by Different Control Concepts,
SHRESTHA BINITA 77
32 ‐ Adaption of Wind Turbine Model For Incorporation into Wind Farm Simulation,
HAMMOND PAUL 78
33 ‐ Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind
Turbine Subsystems ‐ Part 1, ARNE BARTSCHAT 79
34 ‐ Towards the Robust Design Optimization of Wind Turbines, LOGANATHAN JAIKUMAR 80
35 ‐ Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind
Turbine Subsystems ‐Part 2, MORIßE MARCEL 81
36 ‐ Model Fidelity Evaluation in the Multidisciplinary Optimisation of Offshore Wind Farms,
SEBASTIAN SANCHEZ PEREZ‐MORENO 82
37 ‐ Derivation of a Lumped Parameter Model of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, STEER JAMES 83
38 ‐ Wind Generation Modelling in Reliability Studies: Challenges and Opportunities, NUNO EDGAR 84
39 ‐ Synchronous Machine Assisted by Permanent Magnets for Direct‐Drive Wind Turbine,
PLOYARD MAXIME 85
40 ‐Slamming Load Considerations for Offshore Wind Structures, TU YING 86
41 ‐ Unsteady and Turbulent Rotor Loads, EHRICH SEBASTIAN 87
42 ‐ A broad sensitivity analysis of uncertainties for offshore wind turbine support structures,
STIENG LARS EINAR 88
43 ‐ Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed
wind energy, CHUDY ANNA 89
44 ‐ A wind‐wave coupling system for coastal storm simulations, DU JIANTING 90
45 ‐ Evaluation of methods to calculate wind speed profiles: A case study on Frøya, Norway,
FECHNER SOEREN 91
46 ‐ Investigation Of The Flow Over An Escarpment With Regard To Wind‐Energy Research
Using Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft, RAUTENBERG ALEXANDER 92
47 ‐ Operational Fatigue Calculation from Wind Characteristics for Wind Turbine Tower
and Blades, HART EDWARD 93
48 ‐ Embedded system for wirless communication, BOUANBA YACINE 94
49 ‐ Derivative action charge control for a heaving buoy, PolyWEC device, MCGILTON BEN 95
50 ‐ WEC Array Modelling Benchmarking Study, ZORZI GIORGIO 96
51 ‐ Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines Using Generator Output Signals ,
IBRAHIM RAED 97
52 ‐ Mechanical‐level Hardware in the Loop Simulation for a Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench,
LEISTEN CHRISTIAN 98
53 ‐ Vibration Analysis of Multi‐Stage Epicyclic Gearboxes, ROBERTS OWAIN 99
54 ‐ Survey of Wind Turbine Inspection, RUBERT TIM 100
Appendix
Sitemapsanddirections
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
TIME EVENT
1:00 pm -6:00 pm
EAWE Board Meeting - EAWE Board Meeting
7:30 pm -9:00 pm
Ice Breaker - Cafe Faust, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24c
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
TIME EVENT
8:00 am -9:00 am
Registration - Register for the Conference & Poster Installation
9:00 am -9:15 am
Welcome (V47.03) - Various
9:15 am -10:15 am
The key role of uncertainty in forecasting and future electricity markets (V47.03) - Pierre Pinson
10:15 am -10:30 am
Poster Presentation 1 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters
10:15 - 10:20 › CFD Simulation of a floating horizontal axis model wind turbine - Levin Klein, University ofStuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics
10:15 - 10:20 › Genetic Algorithm with Gradient Based Optimization for HAWT blade design - YouJin Kim,Institutes of Fluid Mechanics, FAU Busan Campus
10:15 - 10:20 › Lift Force Control of a Stand-Alone Airfoil - Aline Aguiar da Franca, Coordenação deAperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Institut für Regelungstechnik
10:15 - 10:20 › NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SWEEP-TWIST WIND TURBINE BLADE - Mehmet Numan Kaya,Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
10:15 - 10:20 › Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations of generic 10 MW turbines - Eva Jost,University of Stuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics
10:20 - 10:25 › Aerofoil Design Optimisation for Wind or Tidal Turbines - Chandra Pun, University of Strathclyde
10:20 - 10:25 › Free-form design of low-induction rotors - Luca Sartori, Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieAerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano
10:20 - 10:25 › Modal testing of a reinforced wind turbine blade - Hongya Lu, Department of MechanicalEngineering,Tsinghua University
10:20 - 10:25› QBlade: an open source toolbox for unsteady lifting line simulations of HAWT and VAWTturbines - David Marten, TU Berlin
10:25 - 10:30 › Aerodynamic Study of Curved Blades Using Lifting Line Code - Zi Wang, G. J.W. van Bussel,Terry Hegberg
10:25 - 10:30 › Comparison of different rotating modelling techniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation - YeZhang, Delft University of Technology
10:25 - 10:30 › Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions -Ozcan Yirtici, METU Center for Wind Energy
10:30 am -11:00 am
Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)
11:00 am -11:30 am
Lidar-assisted control concepts for wind turbines (V47.03) - Experienced PhD: Dr.-Ing. DavidSchlipf
1 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
1
TIME EVENT
11:00 am -11:30 am
Towards optimized support structures via efficient analysis and computer-aided algorithms(V47.05) - Experienced PhD: Sebastian Schafhirt
11:30 am -12:30 pm
Session: Rotor Design and Testing (V47.03) - Alessandro Croce
11:30 - 11:50 › Integrated high fidelity design optimization of wind turbines - Pietro Bortolotti, Technical UniversityMunich
11:50 - 12:10 › Aerodynamic scaling of a generic wind turbine blade for wind tunnel investigations - FrederikBerger, ForWind – University of Oldenburg
12:10 - 12:30› 2D-PIV Investigation of the Effects of Tip Injection on the Tip Flow Characteristics of a ModelHAWT - Ezgi Anik, Middle East Technical University - ANAS ABDULRAHIM, Middle East TechnicalUniversity - Oguz Uzol, Middle East Technical University
11:30 am -12:30 pm
Session: Remote Sensing (V47.05) - Jakob Mann
11:30 - 11:50› Radial wind speed uncertainty of nacelle-mounted profiling lidars - Antoine Borraccino, DTU WindEnergy
11:50 - 12:10 › Evolution of wind towards wind turbine - Ashim Giyanani, Wind Energy Research Group, DelftUniversity of Technology
12:10 - 12:30 › Analysis of Two-dimensional Inflow Measurements by Lidar-Based Wind Scanners - AlexanderMeyer Forsting, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
12:30 pm -2:00 pm
Lunch (Commundo)
2:00 pm -3:00 pm
Wind Energy and Society: Is the Past Prologue? (V47.03) - Bonnie Ram (DTU)
3:00 pm -3:15 pm
Poster Presentation 2 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters
15:00 - 15:05› A Southern German joint research project towards a better understanding of complex terrainsites - Christoph Schulz, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart
15:00 - 15:05› Experimental Study of Effects of Tip Injection on the Performance of Two Interacting WindTurbines - Yashar Ostovan, Metu Center for Wind Energy, Department of Aerospace Enginnering,Middle East Technical University
15:00 - 15:05› Improving wind climate estimation using one-way coupled meso- to microscale models - BjarkeTobias Olsen, Department of Wind Energy
15:00 - 15:05 › Numerical investigations of an airfoil in the wake of a slotted cylinder - Annette Fischer,University of Stuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics
15:00 - 15:05 › Steady and Transient 3D Analysis of a Model Wind Turbine - Narges Tabatabaei, Luleå Universityof Technology
15:05 - 15:10› Numerical investigation and validation of wind energy relevant flows using a stochastic basededdy resolving turbulence model - Ghazaleh Ahmadi, ForWind, Institute of Physics, University ofOldenburg
15:05 - 15:10› RECONSTRUCTION OF MICRO SCALE ATMOSPHERIC FLOWFIELDS BASED ON PROPERORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION - tansu sevine, Middle East Technical University, METU Centerfor Wind Energy
15:05 - 15:10› The influence of shear flow on the performance and wake characteristics of a model turbine -Guro Maal, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - Jan Bartl, Norwegian University ofScience and Technology
15:05 - 15:10 › Wake development behind a turbine for different flow inlet turbulence - clio ceccotti, NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology - Andrea Spiga, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
15:05 - 15:10 › Wind-farm performance prediction and optimization with a unique weather predictor - YouJinKim, Institutes of Fluid Mechanics, FAU Busan Campus
2 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
2
TIME EVENT
15:10 - 15:15 › Combined power output of an array two turbines in-line - Piotr Wiklak, Technical University ofLodz - Szymon Luczynski, Technical University of Lodz
15:10 - 15:15 › Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm - Nymfa Noppe, Offshore WindInfrastructure-lab / Vrije Universiteit Brussel
15:10 - 15:15› LES for industrial wind farm aerodynamics - Dhruv Mehta, Delft University of Technology, Energyresearch Centre of the Netherlands
15:10 - 15:15 › LES modelling of wind turbine wakes at full and reduced scales - Jiangang Wang, TechnicalUniversity of Munich
15:10 - 15:15 › Uncertainty of Power Production Predictions of Stationary Wind Farm Models - Juan PabloMurcia, PhD Student, Wind Energy Department, Technical University of Denmark
3:15 pm -3:45 pm
Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)
3:45 pm -5:05 pm
Session: Rotor Dynamics and Aerodynamics (V47.03) - Oguz Uzol
15:45 - 16:05› Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Large Composite Wind Turbine Blades - Touraj Farsadi, MiddleEast Technical University, METU Wind Centre
16:05 - 16:25 › Wind turbine with iced blades: Stability analysis of coupled blade's in-plane and tower motions -Sudhakar Gantasala, Luleå University of Technology
16:25 - 16:45 › An examination of rotational effects on large wind turbine blades - Galih Bangga, Institute ofAerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart
16:45 - 17:05› An integral boundary layer method for modelling the effects of vortex generators - DanielBaldacchino, Delft University of Technology
3:45 pm -5:05 pm
Session: New Concepts (V47.05) - Carlo L. Bottasso
15:45 - 16:05 › A New Concept for Tower Structures of Wind Turbines - Ilja Fischer, Vienna University ofTechnology - TU Wien
16:05 - 16:25 › Gust Load Alleviation through Enhanced Fluid-Structure Interaction - Ulrike Cordes, DarmstadtUniversity of Technology
16:25 - 16:45› A multi-band virtual sensing approach for fatigue assessment of monopile wind turbines -Alexandros Iliopoulos, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
16:45 - 17:05 › PIV study of wall bounded Fractal-grid-generated Turbulence - Hooman Amiri Hazaveh, MiddleEast Technical University (Aerospace Engineering Department)
7:00 pm -8:00 pm
Reception at City Hall - Rathaus, Marktplatz 1
Thursday, September 24, 2015
TIME EVENT
8:30 am -9:00 am
Registration - Register for the Conference
9:00 am -9:15 am
Info (V47.03) - Various
9:15 am -10:15 am
Game-changing innovations in wind energy (V47.03) - Henrik Stiesdal
10:15 am -10:30 am
Poster Presentation 3 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters
3 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
3
TIME EVENT
10:15 - 10:20 › Adaption of Wind Turbine Model For Incorporation into Wind Farm Simulation - Paul Hammond,University of Strathclyde
10:15 - 10:20 › Advanced Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Large Wind Turbines - Holger Fürst, StuttgartWind Energy (SWE)
10:15 - 10:20› State Feedback Disturbance Rejection for Pitch Regulated Variable Speed Wind Turbine -Rohaida Hussain, University of Strathclyde
10:15 - 10:20 › Stochastic Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces acting on Airfoils in turbulent Inflow - Gerrit Kampers,ForWind, Center for wind energy research, University of Oldenburg
10:15 - 10:20 › Support Structure Load Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines by Different Control Concepts -Binita Shrestha, ForWind-Center for wind energy research
10:20 - 10:25› Derivation of a Lumped Parameter Model of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine - James Steer,University of Strathclyde
10:20 - 10:25› Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind TurbineSubsystems – Part 1 - Arne Bartschat, Fraunhofer Institut for Wind Energy and Energy SystemsTechnology
10:20 - 10:25› Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind TurbineSubsystems – Part 2 - Marcel Moriße, Leibniz Universität Hannover
10:20 - 10:25 › Model Fidelity Evaluation in the Multidisciplinary Optimisation of Offshore Wind Farms - SanchezPerez-Moreno Sebastian, Delft University of Technology
10:20 - 10:25 › Towards the Robust Design Optimization of Wind Turbines - Jaikumar Loganathan, GE GlobalResearch, Technical University Munich
10:25 - 10:30› A broad sensitivity analysis of uncertainties for offshore wind turbine support structures - LarsEinar S. Stieng, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
10:25 - 10:30 › Slamming Load Considerations for Offshore Wind Structures - Ying Tu, Norwegian University ofScience and Technology
10:25 - 10:30 › Synchronous Machine Assisted by Permanent Magnets for Direct-Drive Wind Turbine - MaximePloyard, Ecole Centrale de Lille
10:25 - 10:30› Unsteady and Turbulent Rotor Loads - Sebastian Ehrich, ForWind, Institute of Physics, Universityof Oldenburg
10:25 - 10:30 › Wind Generation Modelling in Reliability Studies: Challenges and Opportunities - Edgar Nuño,Wind Energy Division - Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy
10:30 am -11:00 am
Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)
11:00 am -11:30 am
Synthetic turbulence inflow method for atmospheric turbulence and its application in complexterrain (V47.03) - Experienced PhD: Christoph Schulz, Yusik Kim
11:00 am -11:30 am
Turbulence in wind turbine wakes under different atmospheric conditions from static and scanningDoppler LiDARs (V47.05) - Experienced PhD: Valerie-Marie Kumer
11:30 am -12:30 pm
Session: Wind Farm Control (V47.03) - Gijs van Kuik
11:30 - 11:50 › Detection of Partial Wake Impingement for Wind Farm Control by Analysis of Rotor Loads -Johannes Schreiber, Technical University Munich
11:50 - 12:10› Lidar – a measurement tool for wind farm control - Steffen Raach, Stuttgart Wind Energy,University of Stuttgart
12:10 - 12:30 › Dynamic Wind Farm Controller - Tanvir Ahmad, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences,Durham University, UK
11:30 am -12:30 pm
Session: Load Measurements and Testing (V47.05) - Christof Devriendt
4 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
4
TIME EVENT
11:30 - 11:50 › How different turbulent inflow conditions affect wind turbines – an experimental approach -Jannik Schottler, ForWind, Center for wind energy research, University of Oldenburg
11:50 - 12:10 › Statistical Extrapolation Methods for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbine Extreme Loads -Sarah Lott, Stuttgart Wind Energy @ Institute of Aircraft Design
12:10 - 12:30› Towards monitoring the consumed fatigue life of fleets of offshore wind turbines - WoutWeijtjens, Offshore Wind Infrastructure-lab / Vrije Universiteit Brussel
12:30 pm -2:00 pm
Lunch (Commundo)
2:00 pm -3:00 pm
The importance of wind turbine aerodynamics Illustrated with results from internationalcooperation projects (V47.03) - Gerard Scheper
3:00 pm -3:15 pm
Poster Presentation 4 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters
15:00 - 15:05 › A wind-wave coupling system for coastal storm simulations - Jianting Du, Department of WindEnergy
15:00 - 15:05› Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed wind energy- Anna Chudy, Lodz University of Technology
15:00 - 15:05 › Evaluation of methods to calculate wind speed profiles: A case study on Frøya, Norway - SörenFechner, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
15:00 - 15:05› Investigation Of The Flow Over An Escarpment With Regard To Wind-Energy Research UsingSmall Remotely Piloted Aircraft. - Alexander Rautenberg, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
15:00 - 15:05› Operational Fatigue Calculation from Wind Characteristics for Wind Turbine Tower and Blades- Edward Hart, University of Strathclyde
15:05 - 15:10› Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines Using Generator Output Signals -Raed Ibrahim, Loughborough University - Simon Watson, Loughborough University
15:05 - 15:10 › Derivative action charge control for a heaving buoy, PolyWEC device - Ben McGilton, Universityof Strathclyde
15:05 - 15:10 › Embedded system for wirless communication - Yacine Bouanba, MERSEN
15:05 - 15:10› Mechanical-level Hardware in the Loop Simulation for a Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench -Christian Leisten, Center for Wind Power Drives, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of AutomaticControl, RWTH Aachen University
15:05 - 15:10 › WEC Array Modelling Benchmarking Study - Giorgio Zorzi, University of Strathclyde
15:10 - 15:15 › Survey of Wind Turbine Inspection - Tim Rubert, University of Strathclyde
15:10 - 15:15› Vibration Analysis of Multi-Stage Epicyclic Gearboxes - Owain Roberts, Wind and Marine EnergySystems, Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Strathclyde
3:15 pm -3:45 pm
Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)
3:45 pm -5:05 pm
Session: Modelling of Wind, Turbine and Foundation (V47.03) - Michael Muskulus
15:45 - 16:05 › Importance sampling of severe wind gusts - René Bos, Wind Energy Research Group, DelftUniversity of Technology
16:05 - 16:25 › Probabilistic Gust Characterization - Asta Hannesdottir, Department of Wind Energy
16:25 - 16:45› Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller -Riccardo Riva, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano
16:45 - 17:05› Model Calibration for the Soil-Structure-Interaction of an Offshore Wind Turbine with SuctionBuckets - Andreas Ehrmann, Institute of Structural Analysis - Leibniz Universität Hannover
5 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
5
TIME EVENT
3:45 pm -5:05 pm
Session: Grid Integration, Storage and Reliability of Electrical Components (V47.05) - SandrineAubrun
15:45 - 16:05 › Optimising Power System Integration based on the Energy Ratio - Bruno Schyska, University ofOldenburg, ForWind Center for wind energy research
16:05 - 16:25› Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates for a Global Electricity Grid with High Shares ofRenewables - Alexander Kies, ForWind-Center for wind energy research
16:25 - 16:45› Experimental Set-up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle PowerConverter - Christopher Smith, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University
16:45 - 17:05 › Hybrid Classifier for Drift-like Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Converters - Houari TOUBAKH,Ecole des mines de Douai
7:00 pm -10:00 pm
Conference Dinner - Kursaal Cannstatt, Königsplatz 1
Friday, September 25, 2015
TIME EVENT
8:30 am -9:00 am
Registration - Register for the Conference
9:00 am -9:15 am
Info (V47.03) - Various
9:15 am -10:15 am
How to manage innovations and technologies to lower wind cost of energy (V47.03) - MarkJonkhof
10:15 am -10:45 am
Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)
10:45 am -11:15 am
TBA (V47.03) - eawe Excellent Young Wind Doctor Awardee
10:45 am -11:15 am
Time-domain load mapping for floating offshore wind turbines (V47.05) - Experienced PhD: AlexisCampos Hortigüela
11:15 am -12:15 pm
Session: Control and Load Reduction (V47.03) - Po Wen Cheng
11:15 - 11:35 › Load mitigation for wind turbines by a passive flap - Pierluigi Montinari
11:35 - 11:55 › Advanced Multivariable Control Design for Modern Multi-MW Wind Turbines - Ritter Bastian,Technische Universität Darmstadt
11:55 - 12:15 › Active Control of Wind Turbines Through Varying Blade Tip Sweep - Achilles Boulamatsis,University of Thessaly
11:15 am -12:15 pm
Session: Meteorological Effects and Wind Power Estimation (V47.05) - Thorsten Lutz
11:15 - 11:35 › Variations of the wake height over the Bolund escarpment - Julia Lange, Technical University ofDenmark
11:35 - 11:55 › Influence of turbulence intensity on wind turbine power curves - Lars Morten Bardal, NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology
11:55 - 12:15 › Wind Power Estimations using OpenFoam Coupled with WRF - Engin Leblebici, METU Center forWind Energy, Middle East Technical University
12:15 pm -12:30 pm
Farewell (V47.03) - Various
6 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35
6
TIME EVENT
12:30 pm -2:00 pm
Lunch (Commundo)
2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Excursion - please find more information by clicking the tab "excursions" on the left. - please findmore information by clicking the tab "excursions" on the left.
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11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Experienced PhDs
Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines David Schlipf
#University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Wind Energy (SWE)
Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany [email protected]
In recent years lidar technology has found its way into wind
energy. At the beginning of the research of the present thesis project, ``Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines'', the main application was the assessment of sites for wind turbine installations. The possibility to optimize the energy production and reduce the structural loads by nacelle or spinner based lidar systems was already considered a promising field of application. This is because of the fact that wind turbines are highly dynamic systems that are excited by stochastic influences from the wind and most of the wind turbine control is designed to deal with variations in this disturbance. However, traditional feedback controllers are only able to react to impacts of wind changes on the turbine dynamics after these impacts have already occurred. Lidar-assisted control algorithms, which can exploit preview information of the wind, are promising to provide improved operation over conventional control algorithms, with the ultimate aim of increasing the energy yield while keeping the structural loads low. The principle can be depicted by an analogue: a person riding, and thus controlling, a bicycle uses the vision and the prediction of the movements to circumvent obstacles instead of reacting to the impact of the obstacle on the wheels. In a similar way, lidar-assisted wind turbine control is expected to improve the control performance significantly over conventional feedback controllers. Due to limitations in the lidar measurement principle, the complexity of the wind, and nonlinear dynamics of the wind turbines, lidar-assisted control of wind turbines is a highly interdisciplinary field of research, including meteorology, signal processing, remote sensing, mechanics and control. With a holistic and integrated approach, the world's first proof-of-concept of lidar-assisted control could be successfully performed within this thesis project. This has been achieved by dividing the overall problem in to separate measurement and control problems. The measurement problem addresses the question: how can signals which are useful for control be extracted from lidar measurements? The control problem addresses the question: how can these signals then be used to improve the performance of wind turbine control. However, these questions are highly correlated with each other. While the data generated by the measurement device must contain useful information to allow for improving the control performance, the control algorithm itself requires continuous adaptation to the quality and information content present in the measurements. Furthermore, the level of detail of the computational models of the wind turbine and the disturbances employed by the control algorithm must also be in accordance with the measurement quality and at the same time they should meet the requirements imposed by the chosen control approach.
Based on these considerations, the first part of this thesis presents the work done in the field of processing raw lidar data. Here, two important issues have been addressed and solved for providing signals for lidar-assisted control from raw lidar data. The first issue addressed is the limitation of line-of-sight wind speeds. The lidar system measures the speed of the aerosols traveling in the direction of the laser beam, thus only a one-dimensional component of the three-dimensional wind vector. Therefore, it is mathematically impossible to measure a three-dimensional wind vector with a single nacelle or spinner based lidar system. To solve this issue, model based estimation techniques have been developed to provide a good estimate of wind characteristics such as the rotor effective wind speed. The second important issue for processing raw lidar data is that the wind characteristics measured by a lidar system will differ from those experienced by the turbine, because of several effects such as wind evolution. In this thesis an analytic model has been developed which calculates the correlation between the lidar estimates and the reaction of the wind turbine. The model can be used to optimize lidar scan configurations and to design an adaptive filter essential for preview control of wind turbines.
The second part presents possible lidar-assisted control
concepts. All controllers are designed first for the case of perfect wind speed measurements and then adjusted for realistic measurements. The most promising approach is the collective pitch feedforward controller using the knowledge of the incoming wind speed. The approach provides an additional control update to assist common collective blade pitch control and therefore is convenient for industrial applications. Significant improvement in rotor speed regulation and in load reduction were achieved in realistic simulations and have been confirmed with successful field tests on two research wind turbines. Moreover, a flatness-based feedforward approach has been designed that allows the calculations of the control action based on trajectories of the rotor speed and tower motion. With this approach, the tower loads can be regulated directly by providing an update to the collective pitch and the generator torque. An analysis with simulated lidar measurements reveals that the tower loads can be further reduced compared to the collective pitch feedforward controller. However, the flatness-based controller is more difficult to tune.
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REFERENCES Freris, L.L., “WEnglewood ClifKühn, M., “DyEnergy ConverInstitute, TU DeSalzmann, D.J. Design of SupOffshore Wind EPasson, P., Branturbine foundati
PhD Semina
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REFERENCES
Bechmann A,Boundary-LayKim Y, Weihassessment in12th German wGermany. C. Schulz, K. MFluid Mechanics
PhD Semina
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n Lutz rsity of Stuttga
many
f vorticity magnitudstresmwise direction
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founded by tnd Energy.
Sørensen NNyer Meteorol., 1hing P, Lutz T
complex terrawind energy co
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were providStuttgart. The rthe German Fe
N, Berg J, Man141:245–271, 2Th, “An accurain using numeonference, DEW
z, and E. Krämerplinary Design, ST
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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REFERENCES Hancock, P. E., Wake of a LargeWake Flow. doi:10.1007/s10Wharton, S., & wind turbine po14005. doi:10.10
PhD Semina
es undtic ands er#2
rgen
intensity of radiad over one day (b
& Pascheke, F. (e Wind Turbine i
Boundary-Laye0546-013-9887-x
Lundquist, J. K.ower collection. E088/1748-9326/7
ar on Wind E23-25
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der difd scan
al wind speeds dubottom) measured
(2014). Wind-Tunin a Stable Bounder Meteorology
. (2012). AtmospEnvironmental R
7/1/014005
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germxperienced P
fferentnning
uring 10 minutes d by a Windcube
nnel Simulation odary Layer: Part 2y, 151(1), 23
pheric stability afResearch Letters,
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11
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Experienced PhDs
TIME-DOMAIN LOAD MAPPING FOR FOWT’SAlexis Campos#1, Pau Trubat, Climent Molins, Daniel Alarcón
#Engineering Construction Dept, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
JordiGirona 1-3 C1-206 (CN) 08034 Barcelona (Spain) [email protected]
Keywords – Floating, Offshore, Concrete, Loads,
Mapping, Offshore, Structures
I. INTRODUCTION
Since floating offshore wind energy has become a real
option for the energy market, the engineering knowledge acquired along decades in the Oil & Gas is clearly shown in the concepts and prototypes which have been developed in several different countries.
The use of steel as basic construction material is the most common choice for them, despite the investment and the maintenance costs of steel are much larger. This situation has enforced the industry to consider other materials cheaper and durable like reinforced concrete.
Because the limitations of the different existing software for the structural assessment of concrete floating offshore structures, as the difficulty to obtain a time-domain load mapping over the structure or the fact that most of them are designed for steel structures, a computational tool is under development.
II. THE NUMERICAL TOOL
The main objective of the code is to be useful for the
predesign of a floating structure under wave and wind loads. The tool is focused to obtain the internal forces by mapping
the 3D pressures around the structure at each time step, being useful for structural pre-design, highly customizable and with the capability to add new modules to consider new effects and improve the precision of the actual modules. At the present stage, the structural assessment is done assuming rigid body and bar elements, which is a good approach to slender structures as SPAR buoys (Figure 1).
Currently the numerical code is capable to predict the non-linear behaviour of the floating structure, computing the hydrodynamic forces by using Morison’s equation with linear and non-linear wave kinematics.
The hydrodynamic behaviour accuracy of the numerical tool has been proven during the experimental campaign of a SPAR-type structure [2], where the results were successfully simulated with the code [1].
The implementation of potential flow theory is under development to be possible to deal with larger structures such as TLP or semisub platforms. Also a 3D FEA is under development in order to be able to deal with the structural assessment of those larger structures, which cannot be simulated with linear members as beams.
Figure 1: Internal forces envelopes from a time-domain simulation of a
SPAR type structure
III. CONCLUSION
A powerful tool is under development for the time-domain dynamic structural analysis, which scope includes the vast majority of the offshore platforms types.
The code merges the structural information from the diffraction problem, usually provided by other software in frequency-domain, with the pressures computed in time-domain, which offers valuable structural information of any member in a time-domain series, including the non-linearity of structure itself in the motions computation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to acknowledge to Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government, for its financial support during the development of the code.
REFERENCES [1] Campos, A; Molins, C; Gironella, X; Trubat, P; Alarcón, D.,
“Experimental RAO’s analysis of a monolithic spar concrete structure for offshore floating wind turbines,” in Proceedings OMAE2015, 2015
[2] Campos, A; Molins, C; Gironella, X; Trubat, P; Alarcón, D., “Experiments on a scale model of a monolithic concrete spar for floating wind turbines,” in EWEA Offshore 2015 Copenhagen, 2015.
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ACKNOWLEDG
Support of theowledged.
REFERENCES Bisplinghoff, RWiley & Sons, IHansen, M.O.LEdition, 2008
PhD Semina
Session:
for winflap oni#2,
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n, 20152 polimi.it
mic loads on tsteady strip thmpressible flocial step resptic state spaceions.
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REFERENCES Körber, A.: “ExTurbines: A MoConstraints”, PhRitter, B., FürsModel for Simuthe German Win
PI-StaContro
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gue Load ReduciControl Approacnical University oki, U., Eichhorn
rol Design of Winrence (DEWEK),
PPark-sform
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germ Load Reduc
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LQR-approaches and is theoller. Moreovemodel predicd more attracncrease of ava
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R-design approor more advans type of conenefits for fu
or’s knowledgsting exist to
GmbH and is dt, Industrial nk Mike Eichhoing research
ing Control for Wch using Robust of Berlin, 2014 n, M.: “Multivarnd Turbines”, Pro, Bremen, 2015
Plant
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REFERENCES Barlas, T. K., ansmart rotor contSciences 46.1 (2Riziotis, V. A.Aeroelastic ModMaggio, T., GPerformance oReduction." EWAnsys, Inc Rele
PhD Semina
Session:
Throup
erricos Stapoessaly Pedion
University of D
t velocity of lane velocity
osition of the e.
RESU
sults refer to tswept blades
y response isangle variationd the frequenonly the aeroidered rigid.
scale impose auctuation up up to 14.2%. bove parametanges rapidly
it is seen thatpt part of the k in the leve
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nto account tipne performan
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A grant agr
nd Van Kuik, G.trol research for w2010): 1-27. , Manolas, D. I
delling of Swept RGrasso F., and Cof Innovative
WEA, EWEC2011, ase 12.0, April 2
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Denmark (DT
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nce and loads
se results has (Marie Curie
mework Progrreement n° [
. A. M.. "Reviewwind turbines." P
I. and VoutsinaRotor Blades." Coiro. D. P. "Wind Turbine
Bruxelles (20112009, www.ansy
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germ Load Reduc
Varyin
Greece*
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REL wind turof their total spthrough step
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REFERENCES Barone, M., J. Pwind turbine loaNashville, TN, UBarone, M., J. P“Simulating the Event, 16–19 ApBos, R., W.A.Aspatial structurepublication.
PhD Semina
odelling of W
ere winan Bussel f Technology
lands
proach to redto work withare drawn frghted by the l1 1probability de
ace . After campling distribl budget is eimately, this leained with a extreme load
. GENERATIN
pling becomege number of rl over the wirained stochate a condition
onstraints. Theextreme gust
is study, we ds: the mean he gust’s posscale, , and thom field theoated with succombination
III. PRELIMINA
s have shownas several adv to greatly ources can bethe 50-year lribution alrea which makese part of ther from.
Paquette, B. Resoad simulation”. 50United States. DOPaquette, B. Resoentire life of an
pril, CopenhagenA.M. Bierbooms, e of severe win
ar on Wind E23-25
StuWind, Turbine
nd gus
duce the unceh importance from a particlikelihood rati
density functiochoosing a nubution can be
efficiently speeads to much
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NG WIND GUST
es interestingrelevant paramind field, oneastic simulational turbulence ese constraintt is embeddeddefine spheroi
wind speedsition, he lateral lengory, it is posch events [3]. of parameters
ARY RESULTS
n that this appvantages. Firstreduce uncer
e efficiently sload. Secondlady has its bas fitting muche bias that cru
or, and L. Manue0th AIAA Aerosp
OI: 10.2514/6.201or, L. Manuel, anoffshore wind tu
n, Denmark. and G.J.W. van
nd gusts”. Manu
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germe and Founda
sts
ertainty in Msampling. In
cular distributio, /,
on associated wumber of relee chosen such ent on simulabetter predict
te Carlo methd around a me
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g when one meters. In ordee can rely onon. This makefield that adh
ts can be set sd within the fidal gusts thro
d, , the gu, , , gth scale, ℓ. ssible to find
What remains lead to the m
proach to extrt and foremosrtainty sincepent on the c
ly, the tail ofasic shape wih easier. Moreoude Monte C
el (2012). “Decadace Sciences Mee12-1288. nd H. Nguyen (2
urbine”. EWEA An
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REFERENCES International EleTurbines – Part 2005 Kristensen, L., Fa Wind TurbinJournal of Win249-262, 1982
PhD Semina
odelling of W
st n Anand Natara
Denmark
nmark
III. METHO
tatistical reprolution wind l be analyzed
mated gust dalgorithm in
s the natural ent reference wal sampling of
model for po
ata is from Høspeed is mea
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acteristics achtributions of t
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echtrotechnical C1: Design Requi
Frandsen, S., “Moe Measured fromd Engineering a
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ODOLOGY
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d. To processdetection algoncludes a fr
frequency owind turbinesf turbulence wower spectra o
øvsøre, a coasasured at heiges.
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hieved will two variables
Commission, IECirements, Geneva
odel for Power Sm the moving Fand Industrial Ae
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germe and Founda
f gusts, long trements from s such long torithm has bequency tranf a wind turs. In addition,will be accouof a rotating w
stal site in wesghts representa
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Spectra of the BlaFrame of Refereerodynamics, Vo
rope 2015
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time cup
time been nsfer rbine , the
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Wind Office,
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17
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Session: Modelling of Wind, Turbine and Foundation
Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller
R. Riva#1, S. Cacciola*2, C.L. Bottasso*#3 #Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano
Via La Masa 34, 20156 - Milano, Italia [email protected]
*Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München
Keywords – Stability analysis, Floquet, Coleman, IPC
I. STATE OF THE ART AND MOTIVATION
Linearized wind turbine models are characterized by matrices having periodic coefficients. Currently two theories exist to perform their periodic stability analysis: the Coleman approximation and the exact Floquet method. The Coleman transformation yields a linear time invariant model only when applied to isotropic systems [1]. However, when the system is anisotropic, a residual periodicity remains and an average over the period must be performed to obtain constant-in-time coefficients. An increasing residual periodicity is typically associated with increasing levels of anisotropy. Unfortunately, lower or upper bounds for the error made by the Coleman approximation have not been proven yet. The approximation implied by Coleman’s approach can be bypassed altogether by using the exact theory of Floquet, which is however still expensive when applied to high-fidelity wind turbine models.
To investigate the potential differences between the two approaches, we consider here the stability analysis of an analytical wind turbine model. The model is simple enough to allow for an exact Floquet analysis, but sufficiently sophisticated to capture the combined effects of several important sources of periodicity and anisotropy.
II. METHODOLOGY
The analytical model approximates the blade and tower flexibility through equivalent hinges, and includes blade element aerodynamics and an Individual Pitch Controller (IPC) [2]. Each blade is equipped with two hinges modelling edgewise and flapwise deflections, while the hub side-side motions are modelled by a linear spring. The aerodynamic model is adapted from [4] with minor modifications. The combined aeroelastic model represents the lowest eight modes of a horizontal axis wind turbine. To obtain a Linear Time Periodic system, the nonlinear equations of motion of the open-loop model are first analytically linearized around a periodic trajectory. Next, IPC is applied separately to the nonlinear and the linear systems. The results of the periodic stability analyses have been interpreted according to [3], and reordered by means of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC).
III. APPLICATIONS
The model coefficients were tuned so as to represent a 6MW three bladed wind turbine. Various stability analyses were conducted with the two methods in different operating and wind conditions, in the presence of closed-loop IPC. Some illustrative results are reported in Figure 1 and Table 1.
Fig. 1 Edgewise forward whirling mode in axial wind with IPC.
Case Condition Rel. Error % Mode
Axial wind 1.266 Ω/Ωr 6.769 Edgewise forward whirling Crosswind − 4° 1.207 Edgewise forward whirling
Wind shear α = 0.6 6.066 Edgewise forward whirling
Tab. 1 Maximum relative damping errors, in various wind conditions with IPC. A positive error means conservative (i.e. lower) result.
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Results indicate that even in highly anisotropic conditions the Coleman approximation yields solutions in terms of frequencies and damping values that are typically very close to the ones of the exact Floquet theory. This apparently surprising result highlights the importance of proving error bounds for this method, bounds which are still unfortunately lacking. The largest relative errors appear in the damping, in particular for the forward whirling modes. The main drawback of the Coleman approximation resides in its inability to capture more than three harmonics per mode. A collateral result is that the use of IPC causes a steepening of the frequencies of the flapwise whirling modes.
REFERENCES [1] Bir, G., “Multi-blade Coordinate Transformation and its Application to
Wind Turbine Analysis”, Proceedings of the AIAA Wind Energy Symposium, Reno, Nevada, January 7-10, 2008
[2] Bossanyi, E.A., “Individual Blade Pitch Control for Load Reduction”, Wind Energy, 2003; 6(2):119-128
[3] Bottasso, C.L., Cacciola, S., “Model-Independent Periodic Stability Analysis of Wind Turbines”, Wind Energy, 2015; 18(5):865-887
[4] Eggleston, D.M., Stoddard, F.S., “Wind Turbine Engineering Design”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA, 1987
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PPROACH
on the 270º ons to scan th
mospheric flowiles with distadar (Figure 1)
vertical profile90 m away frs of the eighthd inflow wind
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calculation of the wake-h
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gure 3: Dependedirection. Thprofile numbThe wake hdisplacement
he new remotide a uniqueeling over comased on the asurements wpler lidar a ree height and th
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A. Bechmann, The Bolund Expe
Models,” Boundary
J. Berg, J. ManThe Bolund Expeill,” Boundary-La
N. Angelou, Jeasurement of
nemometer,” Revi012.
M. Sjöholm, N.aga, J. Silgjerdownwash Flow Fgile Beam Ste
PhD Semina
ogical Effects
over th
l Sjörholm, TDenmark
lde, Denmar
th this metho
e-of-sight projectconds. 300 conseed wake height is
wake height fthe undisturbdistance from
onger dependere 3.
ence of the dethe solid lines dber increases withheight is calcult thickness.
III. CONC
te sensing basdata set for
mplex terrain fanalysis of thith a rapidlyelationship behe wind direct
N. N. Sörensen, eriment, Part II: By-Layer Meterolo
nn, A. Bechmanneriment Part 1: Flayer Meterology,
J. Mann, M. Sthe spectral tr
iew of scientific in
Angelou , P. Had and N. StarsmField Measuremeneering,” Journal
ar on Wind E23-25
Stus and Wind P
he Bol
Torben Mikk
od is exempl
ted wind-speed ecutive vertical ps shown as the so
for each profibed wind direm the escarpence on the w
termined wake hdepict the averagh the distance frlated through th
CLUSION
sed wind profr validation ofor wind ener
he high frequely scanning etween the esction could be
, J. Berg, J. ManBlind Comparisoogy, vol. 141, pp.
n, M. Courtney Flow Over a Stee
vol. 141, pp. 219
Sjörholm and Mransfer functioninstruments, vol.
ansen, K. H. Hansmore, “Two-Dimnt by Lidar-Basedl of Athmopsp
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPower Estima
lund
kelsen
lary presented
scanned at profirofiles are plotted
olid blue line.
le location caection and sppment, the wwind direction
height and the ge wake height.om the WindScahe definition of
file measuremof unsteady fgy. ency atmosphcontinuous-w
carpment indushown.
nn and P. E. Réton of Microscale
245-271, 2011.
and H. E. Jorgep, Three-Dimens9-243, 2011.
M. Courtney, “Dn of a laser b83, no. 3, pp. 33,
sen , T. Mikkelsemensional Rotod Wind Scanners
pheric and Oc
rope 2015
many ation
d in
file 2, d and
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In this study formance mperimental date at the coast ect of turbulenergy productio
Accurate windimations of and farms. It is cific conditiolination and tuIEC 61400-1
nd turbines[1] bulence in ordturbulence is wind speed
bulence on thdes. Several wer performauce the influect of turbulenbine and evalhe new IEC st
Valsneset test
Measurementscoast of Mid-
nsisting of fivebine. The megree sector ilowing the gui
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the site depesed by the 10ly by the dimic performane investigatedggested approThis study aimon the estimaulence correc
SUREMENTS
med at a winde site includesnd turbines ansector was reth offshore
nnex A in [1].
ased lidar frospeed at a dnd turbine witheight of 92 ut were syncfrom the lid
a 33 meter met
RESULTS
intensity at hured by the li
rbulenpow
Lars Morten
ocess Enginee
olbjørn Hejes 1lars.
ulence, AEP
e on wind tueen investiga wind turbinnth period anr curves and a
needed for re(AEP) of plaare sensible tair density,
e second editince measuremehear, air densitendence. The 0-minute averirect influencnce of the tu
d the influencopriate methoms to quantifted AEP of a tion method f
d turbine test ss a small windd a 3MW piloestricted to aand mixed
om Leosphereistance of 3 th a rotor diameters. 10 mchronized wit
dar. Meteorolot-mast at the s
hub height inidar [5], was
Sessio
nce intwer cur
Bardal#1, La
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v. 2a, 7491 T.m.bardal@ntnu
urbine gated. ne test nd the annual
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raging ce of urbine ce on
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site on d farm ot test a 212
fetch
e was rotor
ameter minute th 10 ogical site.
n the 0,088
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ACKNOWLEDG
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REFERENCES DV IEC 61400-1
producing Commission
ndal A., JohnsonA. M. "SiteAWEA WIN
e Vries O. "AGenergy conv
ottschall J. and curves for w015005. 200
Mann J., Sathe AMeasuremeWind Energ
4 5 60
0.5
1
Pra
ted
0 0.02 0.
scatt
0 < T0.05
0.1 <
4 5 6
PhD Semina
ogical Effects
y on w
ran#
y of Science a
orway
surement pemilarly populaect of TI on ppeed region. Fmpared to thethe high turb
n.
power curves anntensity. Scatter p
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the local condficant effect onr curves. Then around rated
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12-1: "Power perwind turbine
n 2013 C., LeBlanc M.,
e-spcific adjustmeNDPOWER: HousGARDograph Noversion": AGARDPeinke J. "How
wind turbines". En08
A., Gottschall J., nts for Wind En
gy IV, Springer Be
7 8 9
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04 0.06 0.08
ter
TI < 0.05< TI < 0.1
< TI
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wind tu
and Technolog
eriod. Powerated TI bins ppower, especiaFor this site e power curvebulence bin an
nd power coefficplot showing the i
CLUSION
ditions the effon estimated Ae largest influd wind speed.
ank Blaaster fss to the test s
rformance measues", Internation
, Harman K., Rarents to wind turbston. 2008
o. 243 AerodynaD. 1979
w to improve theEnvironmental Res
and Courtney Mnergy", in Progreerlin Heidelberg.
10 11 12
Uhub
0.1 0.12 0.14
10 11 12
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPower Estima
urbine
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r curves binpresented in Fally of high Tthe differenc
e derived fromnd +1,2% for
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fect of turbuleAEP derived fuence on powe
for access to wsite.
urements of electnal Electrotech
reshide E., and Gbine power curve
amic aspects of
estimation of psearch Letters. 3
M. "Lidar Turbuess in Turbulence p. 263-270. 2012
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REFERENCES
Leblebici E., AWind Power PEurope, 28-31 O
PhD Semina
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iction data ECand time varyboth in timedated for eacre is given in F
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s unsteady.
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
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REFERENCES Courtney M.: “CE-0020. Borraccino A.,procedures for nproceedings, httWagner R.: “Aperformance me4244. JCGM 101:2012General ConcepJCGM 100:200measurement”
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f nacel
ney1,
calibration reement chain.
DIAL WIND SPE
inciples and r
bration consiseconstruction
mbine radial wities – e.g. inceometry of thd parameters s
S corresponds of-sight (LO
∙ cose horizontal w
is the tiltd by a sonic a
for measureme
re, bin averaghe calibration sessment of unstandard met
certainty. uncertainty arement equatiared: ∙ ⟨
erages, is then averages of ⟨ ⟩between ⟨RW
Calibrating nacel
Courtney M.,nacelle-based prop://findit.dtu.dk/eccounting for theasurement”, [20
2: “International ts and Associated08: “Guide to
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s to the wind OS) direction
∙ coswind speed mlting of the beanemometer,
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assessment mions, are pre
⟩ , where e gain of the
f ⟨ ⟩ and ⟨, where Δ
WS⟩ and ⟨R
lle lidars”, [2013
, Wagner R.: ofiling lidars”, [2en/catalog/22657
he speed shear in010], Risø-PhD-5
Vocabulary of Md Terms”.
the expression
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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amework of TOffshore Windar Applicationperation with TU Delft. Twvaluate the aject lays empnology, wind rtimisation oftimisation of w
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sanyi proposednd performed ductions [2]. rated in the r testing a
d site conditioduced due to istudies replic
Most of the curd the trick liebetween meas
the parametetudied and comthe ECN tests using the ons are compance model rep
wind field ae eddy size anhese studies elet analysis [k 0.128ra
ution oA. Giyana
#Delft Uni
lty of Aerospa
on, remote se
STRACT
mospheric varinew technologenergy. The vaons is of higa.
Top consortiud (TKI-WoZ),ns for Wind
XEMC Darwo measuremeapplications ohasis on testiresource and pf wind turbwind farm op
or certain caszen as it advecle in cases wlonger than
th Lidars, this r wind to the d a method resome simulaThe model
recent versioand improvemons. Simley ainduction zoncating realistirrent models ls in developi
surements and
ers importantmpared using t site as showdifferent exi
ared. The blocpresenting timare modelled wnd the life of and this is a
[4]. Schlipf etad/s satisfy t
of winani#1, W.A.A
iversity of Tec
ce Engineerin1a.h.
ensing, lidar
iables with thgy field for alidation of Ligh importanc
um for Know, ECN initiate
d farm Efficirwind, Aventent campaignsof LiDAR in ing and develpower performine control, eration.
ses, the turbucts past a sens
where the turbthe time of ecase is invaliwind turbine ecently to unf
ations to reducfrom Bossan
ons of Bladedments based
and Pao concne is negligiblic conditions lack in some oing a model wd the controls o
t for unfreezia nacelle mo
wn in Fig. 1. isting modelsckage effects
me and phase with the simueddies are ofalso linked tt al. found thathe assumptio
nd towA. M. Bierboo
chnology, Win
ng, Kluyverwe.giyanani@tude
data,
he use wind
iDAR ce for
wledge ed the iency) tLidar s were
wind loping mance
load
ulence sor [1]. bulent eddies id and could freeze ce the nyi is d and d on cluded le and to be or the which of the
ing of ounted Wind s and along delay
ulated f high to the at the on of
Taylohere proviof th
Figcharaof blo
The measweigThe Com
A
This proje“WinacknXEMTech
R[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
11th EAWE
wards woms#2, G.J.W
nd Energy Res
eg 1, 2629HS Delft.nl
or’s frozen twould be acc
ide deeper inse turbine usin
g. 1 Parameteacteristic of Tayockage effects a
model thus dsurements anghting includevalidation of
mputational Flu
ACKNOWLEDG
work was caect with the snd op Zee”
nowledged forMC Darwind hnology, Franc
REFERENCES G. Taylor, “ThSociety of Lond164, no. Feb, 18E. Bossanyi, “modelling for iProceedings of EE. Simley, L. Y.the Impact of thAccuracy for WSimulation,” JouScience of makiC. Torrence andBulletin of the A78, 1998. D. Schlipf, D. frozen turbulenscanning lidar Advancement oFrance, 2010.
PhD Semina
wind tW. van Bussel
earch Group,
Delft, The Net
turbulence [5counted for insight into the g the Lidar m
ers important ylor’s frozen turand site depend
developed wound using a ted into the wi
the model wuid dynamics,
EMENTS
rried out in thsubsidy of the”. The follor their contrib
BV, the Nce.
e spectrum of tudon, Series A, Ma8, 1938, pp. 476-4“Un-freezing theinvestigating LidEWEA 2012, Cop. Pao, P. Gebraadhe Upstream Indu
Wind Turbine Cournal of Physics:ng torque from W
d G. P. Compo, “AAmerican Meteoro
Trabucchi, O. Bince hypothesis fo
system,” in 15tof Boundary Lay
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession:
turbinl#3
therlands
]. The paramn the wind evdynamics of
measurements.
for the windrbulence wind
dency
uld be tested transfer funcind turbine co
would be done CFD.
he frameworke Dutch fundowing proje
butions: ECN,Netherlands a
urbulence,” Procathematical and P490, 1938
he turbulence: idar-assisted windpenhagen, Denm
d and M. Churchfduction Zone on ontrol Applicatio: Conference Ser
Wind, 2014, 2014A Practical Guiderological Society,
Bischoff, M. Hofsfor wind turbine5th International yer Remote Sen
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germ Remote Sen
ne
meters introduvolution modethe wind upw
d evolution mofields and influ
with valid Lction with raontrol simulate with the hel
k of the LAWing scheme
ect partners , the Netherlaand Avent L
eedings of the RPhysical Sciences
mproved wind d turbine controlark, 2012 field, “InvestigatiLIDAR Measure
ons using Large-ries, vol. 524, no4. e to Wavelet Ana vol. 79, no. 1, pp
säß et al. “Testine applications w
Symposium fornsing (ISARS), P
rope 2015
many sing
uced el to wind
odel, uence
Lidar ange tion. lp of
WINE TKI are
ands, Lidar
Royal s, vol.
field l,” in
ion of ement -Eddy . The
alysis,” p. 61-
ng of with a
r the Paris,
24
A
K
Win T
techfielFurWinthre(unestirelyunddevMoestaestithe Thipromod
Tsynthe the partfocgridgridsingheigNTplansamhortota
Tthisvelothe fina
Tasseveloane
Analy
Keywords –ndScanner, D
The emergenhnology allowd over a lar
rthermore witndScanners (wee wind spe
nitte.dk) wantimations for my on scanningder the influenvelops due toodelling and uablishing lidarimations. Sucturbine, thou
is paper prescessing two-ddel validation
The 3-D shonchronised con
mean line of laser Doppl
ticles. The thal points areds that were ds were fixed gle wind direcght and spannK 500 turbinne was perpe
me dimensionrizontal and 30al of 32.5 h of
The data procs work the fococities. Therevelocities su
ally be appliedThe first step ess the measuocities were
emometer that
ysis ofb
– Lidar, InData Processi
nce of reliws for the firrge area in th the in-houwindscanner.e
eed componets to establis
modern wind tg the flow upsnce of the tur the pressureunderstandingrs as an indus
ccessfully mough, necessitatsents the chadimensional wn purposes.
I. EXPERIME
ort-range Wintinuous wav
f sight wind sper spectra, rehree lidars are coinciding.
continuously and thus only
ction. The horned the entir
ne, as well aendicular to ths. One scan 0 s for the ve
f data were acq
II. POST-P
cessing incorpcus lies on po are many ste
uch that they d in the validais to find and
urement qualitcompared t
t was situated
f Two-by Lid
AR. Meyer#Departme
Frederiks
nduction, Ining, Modellin
able and srst time to fula relatively
use developedeu) it is possents [1]. Thesh lidars forturbines. As thstream of the rbine inductioe jump inducg the inductiostry standard fdelling the utes validation allenges and
wind fields acq
ENTAL METHO
indScanner ise Doppler lidpeed from theesulting fromre synchronisThere were scanned for
y aligned with rizontal plane re diameter (4s 62 m upstrhe horizontal was complete
ertical plane. Oquired.
PROCESSING
porates many st-processing
eps involved incan be interp
ation of the mod remove spikty of the de-spto those acqud on a short m
-dimendar-Ba
r Forsting#1,
ent of Wind E
sborgvej 399,
nflow, Blocng
ophisticated lly capture a short time f
d 3-D short sible to acquie UniTTe pr power and hese novel meturbine, they
on zone [2], wed by the turon zone is kfor power and
upstream effecvia measuremmethods in
quired by lida
OD
s based on dars. They este frequency sh
m moving airbed such that two measure30 minutes.the turbine fowas located a
41 m) of the ream. The veplane and ha
ed in 15 s foOver three mo
different leveof the line ofn the processi
preted sensiblyodel (see Fig. kes in the datpiked data, theuired by a
met mast insid
nsionaased W
N. Troldborg
Energy, Techni
Risø [email protected]
ckage,
lidar wind
frame. range
ire all project
load ethods come
which urbine. key to d load cts of ments.
post-ars for
three timate hift in rborne
their ement
Both or one at hub e Risø ertical ad the or the onth a
els. In f sight ing of y and 1).
ta. To e lidar sonic
de the
measoverarando
Fig
Sywas turbi
Thdeterdata interpthat cond
Lipotenthe erobumeas
A
Thgrant
R[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
al InflWind S
g#, A. Sathe#
ical University
s, 4000 Roskild
surement gridall very satisom time shift
g. 1 Overview of
yncing allowebarely runni
ne frame of rehe wind speedrmine the exapoint inside opolation methallowed to g
ditions.
idars can chntially allowinentire domain st post-processurements.
ACKNOWLEDG
his work was t number 1305
REFERENCES Mikkelsen T., “Energy”, Journa1, 012007, 2014Medici D., Ivanflow of a wind691-697, 2011
PhD Semina
low MScanne
#, N. Angelou
y of Denmark
de, Denmark
. The correlatifying, thoughbetween the t
the post-processi
ed rejecting daing and enabeference via thd binning is aact reference one scan iterathod was applgroup scannin
III. CONC
haracterise lng the validatof interest. F
ssing methods
EMENTS
financed by T5-00024B.
“Lidar-based Resal of Physics: Con4. nell S., Dahlberg d turbine: blocka
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession:
Measurers u#
k
ion of these mh it emerged two signals.
ing steps.
ata for times bled transformhe turbine’s ya critical stepwind speed
tion. After thelied to the lidng points fro
CLUSION
large wind tion of numerFor a fair coms have to be ap
The Innovatio
search and Innonference Series (
J.-Å., Alfredssonage effect“, Wind
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germ Remote Sen
remen
measurements that there w
when the turming it into aw data. p, as it is harfor an indivi
ese steps a spedar measuremom different
fields remotrical models omparison multpplied to the l
n Fund Denm
vation at DTU WOnline), Vol.524
n PH., “The upstd Energy, Vol.14
rope 2015
many sing
nts
was as a
rbine the
rd to dual ecial
ments yaw
tely, over tiple lidar
mark,
Wind 4, No.
tream 4 pp.
25
K T
to ttowconto cslabIn ometgainthatthe
Twaleasiconposskeformasseordare the withfinaif n
Aconwith16.whereguelemvaridiscconloadAnothe
Tcom
Keywords – T
The increase othe design of
wer structures ncrete and steeconstructing tobs connected border to showthod a prototyned from the t the new consmarket.
I. T
The proposed ll elements. Tily be transp
nstruction vehsition, angle aw bracings, sm polygonal embled it can
der to create athen filled wsegments wit
hout any joinal optional ste
needed, post-te
A prototype tonstruction meth different he15 m and anereby the croular nonagonments to ereious challengcussed in a mannection of thed cases so thother one is thconcreting of
III. COMPAR
The relevancemparing the d
A N
Tower constr
of worldwide f wind turbin
made of coel (hybrid towowers out of by steel bars)
w the feasibiliype was erectprototype erestruction meth
TOWER CONS
d building metThese light-wported to thehicles. There and temporaro that the looring segmenbe placed on
a monolithic with in-situ con
th in-situ concnts in the corep of the toweensioned verti
II. PRO
ower was buithod. This proeights result inn outer diamoss section on, see Fig. 1. ect a concreteges during taster thesis [2e double wallshat the set uphe segment jof the tower.
RISON OF CONC
e of the new budifferent erecti
New Coo
Ilja FischerI
ruction, preca
wind energy nes with big ncrete or the
wer structuresdouble walls is presented i
ity of the proted. The expection are promhod is likely to
TRUCTION ME
thod is basedeight double
e constructiona preassembl
rily fix the sse elements c
nts. After eactop of the prestructure the ncrete. The cocrete allows te of the holloer erection, alically against t
OTOTYPE
ilt to test the ototype consisn a tower witeter of 4.15
of the structuA method u
e structure ithe erection, 2]. One of thess which shoulp segment geint sealing con
CRETE TOWER
uilding methoion methods
oncepof Winr1, Maria ChInstitute of Str
Austria, Vi1ilja.f
ast elements
delivery outpuhub heights
e combined u). A new app(two thin conn the current wposed constru
eriences and rmising and indo establish its
ETHOD
d on simple dwall element
n site by staly field is ussingle elemencan be connecth ring segme
eceding segmeseparate segm
ontinuous fillithe structure tow elements. ll segments cathe foundation
previous propsts of six segmth a total heigm at the bo
ure is chosen using semi-prs confronted which is fu
se challenges ld resist all ereometry is secnstruction ena
R STRUCTURES
od can be showof concrete to
pt for Tnd Tu
harlotte Schönructural Engin
ienna, Karlsplfischer@tuwien
ut led using
use of proach ncrete work. uction results dicate elf on
double ts can andart sed to nts by ted to ent is ent. In ments ing of to rise
As a an be, n.
posed ments ght of ottom,
as a recast
with further
is the ection cured. abling
S
wn by owers
for wclimbresistthereper concelemvariatensiwallsprecaerect
Fig
Itprotopropoestab
A
ThFedefor thCo wirts
R[1]
11th EAWE
Towerurbines
nweger, Johaneering, TU W
latz 13 E212/2n.ac.at
wind turbines. bing formwortance but th
efore expensivday can be rete tower for
ments can be eant but the eloning. Thus,s should comast towers allted fast but can
g. 1 Erected Protoand a total hi
can be stateotype erectionosed construc
blish itself on
ACKNOWLEDG
he authors wieral Ministry oheir funding, KG for the
schaftsservice
REFERENCES KOLLEGGER tower constructiPatent WO2014
PhD Semina
r Strucs ann Kollegge
Wien
2
In-situ concrerks show the
here erection ve because onproduced. A
r wind turbineerected very flements have the new cons
mbine the advaowing for pron still be desig
otype with an outigh amounting to
IV. CONC
d that the prn and the struction method the market.
EMENTS
sh to express of Science, Re
the companygood collab
GmbH for the
J., SCHÖNWEGion from reinforce067884A1, 2013
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession
ctures
er
ete towers erebest load beis too time
nly approx. 4 At present thes made of fulfast and is th
to be kept istruction meth
vantages of thoducing a towgned without
ter diameter of 4. 16,15 m
CLUSION
resent results uctural analysis promising
their gratitudesearch and Ecy Franz Obernaboration andhe financial ma
GER M.C., “Meed concrete”,
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germn: New Conc
ected with sliparing and fate-consuming m high segme most commlly bodied preerefore a chein place by phod using do
he in-situ andwer which canpost‐tensionin
15 m at the botto
gained fromsis show that
g and is likel
de to the Austconomy (bmwndorfer GmbHd to the auanagement.
thod for produci
rope 2015
many epts
p- or tigue
and ments
mon ecast aper
post-uble
d the n be ng.
m
m the t the y to
trian wfw) H &
ustria
ing a
26
G
Win A
edginflalle
Wwheresuthe incrupsdesto flucredubut Tecmecanddiminvin t
A.
coupas
Fattactransto a
Decan aerocam
Gus
Gust Load And tunnel tes
An airfoil witge flap is teslow conditioneviation on wi
Wind turbinesere the angleulting aerodynblades to the
rease fatiguescaling of turigned to allevhours but arctuations due uction active these systems
chnische Univchanism has b
d tested undemensional airfo
estigated expehe active grid
System Descr
The adaptiveupled leading asively to the i
Fig. 1 Schematic vck induce an up bsferred to the traidecrease of camb
creased aerodyincreased cam
odynamic prembering and
st Loa
Alleviation, Nsting
th mechanicalsted in a winns to examinind turbines.
I. INTR
s often operate of attack namic load fle drive train a, which decrrbines. State-viateload flucre too slow t
to turbulencmechanisms as involve comversität Darmbeen develope
er stationary ifoil equipped erimentally un
d wind tunnel a
II. ABSTRAC
ription
e camber coand trailing edinflow conditi
view of adaptive bending moment oiling edge flap. Thber.
ynamic pressumber and loaessure and/or to a decreas
ad AlleSt
#Departmen
Flu
*
Non-stationar
lly coupled lend tunnel unne its potent
RODUCTION
te in highly tucan change
luctuations arand tower. Threases lifetimof-the-art pittuations in thto account foe. Several neare currently u
mplicated contrmstadt, a pass
ed by Hufnaginflow by Lawith this connder unsteadyat the Univers
CT FORMATTIN
oncept featuredge flap whichions (Fig. 1).
camber airfoil pron the leading edhe combined mo
ure and/or angad increase,
angle of attsed load. Hig
eviatiotructur
Ulrike Co
nt of Fluid Mec
ughafenstraße1corde
Institute of Ph
ry Aerodyna
eading and trnder non-statitial for gust
urbulent condsignificantly.e transmitted
hese unsteady me and limittchmechanismhe order of mifor high frequew and fasterunder investigrol schemes. Aive load redu
gel and Lambambie [2]. A cept has now
y inflow condsity of Oldenb
NG
es a mechanh adapts its ca
rinciple. High ang
dge flap which is otion of both flaps
gle of attack lewhereas incr
tack lead to gh peak load
on throre Inte
ordes #1, Gerr
chanics and A
e 19, 64347 [email protected]
hysics, Univer
amics,
railing ionary
load
ditions . The from loads
ts the ms are
inutes uency r load gation, At the uction bie [1]
two-w been ditions burg.
nically amber
gle of
s leads
ead to reased a de-
ds are
allevdyna
B. N
Asubmmeanarounusingmean
Fadapconfiare re
Fig
Dyshowturbi
A
Th
R[1]
11th EAWE
ough Eeractiorit Kampers*2
Aerodynamics,
Griesheim, Gerstadt.de
rsity of Oldenb
viated whereaamic pressures
Non-stationary
An airfoil equmitted to dynn angle of atnd its c/4 axig the active grn angle of atta
Fig.2 shows ttive camber iguration. It ceduced by the
g.2 Phase-Averaadaptive camattack
ynamic systemws good potenes.
ACKNOWLEDG
his project hasSociety D
REFERENCES Lambie,B., and Rotor Blades EP10162448.4, [2] Lambie, B.with self-adaptMechanics andGermany, 2011.
E PhD Semina
Enhanon 2
, TU Darmsta
rmany
burg
as overall los and angle of
y Experiments
uipped with aamic angle otack αm was s. Sinusoidal rid. Total anglack αm and the
the temporal airfoil com
can be seen te adaptive cam
ged time resolvmber airfoil under
III. CONC
m response oential for gu
EMENTS
s been funded DFG.
Hufnagel, K., EIn Particular Fo2010. , “Aeroelastic inive camber”. Phd Aerodynamics
aron Wind E23-25
StuSession
nced F
adt
oad is maximf attack.
s
adaptive cambof attack varvaried by pioscillations αle of attack α
e sinusoidal va
sin 2
resolved lift mpared to a that dynamic
mber airfoil.
ved lift responseergoing sinusoida
CLUSION
of the adaptivust load alle
d by the Germa
European Patent Ior Wind Power
nvestigation of ah.D. Dissertations, TechnischeUn
Energy in Eur5September 2uttgart, Germn: New Conc
Fluid-
mized for sm
ber mechanismriations α(t). tching the aiα’ were gener(t) is a sum ofariations α’(t).
(1
response of rigid refere
load fluctuat
e of a rigid andal changes of ang
ve camber aiviation on w
an Research
Invention Relatinr Installation, P
a wind turbine an, Institute of niversität Darm
rope 2015
many epts
mall
m is The rfoil
rated f the
)
f the ence tions
d the gle of
rfoil wind
ng To Patent
airfoil Fluid
mstadt,
27
K
VirMo
F
offsinspthrostru
TasseinfostruOWcoaapp
Sconwinservandsublimhotdesleveunflimrespaccsystinfoadachastraanddegwillfrommetevameaoffsstruintelifehot
A mu
Al
*Aco
Keywords – rtual Sensingonitoring, Off
Fatigue life isshore wind tpections and eough continuucture. This paper intessment of mormation acquucture. The fa
WT on monopast to validatproach.
Since fatigue ntinuous monind turbine durve as a valuabd feedback bstructures. Fo
mitations prohispots. E.g. foign, the stresel. Installing favourable in
mitation is oponse of the elerometers atem. A reduormation obtaaptively incorpanges is utiliseains. The modd expansion apgrees of freedl demonstratem accelerationthodology. T
aluated and vasurements obshore wind tuuctural healtherrogate an en consumptionspots.
ulti-baasses
lexandros N
oustic and Vib
Modal Decog, Response Efshore Wind
s often a desigturbines (OWend-of-life act
uous monitori
troduces a comonopile wiuired from a atigue monitopile foundationte the propos
I. INTR
life is a desigitoring for lifering its wide ble tool for mainto design
or the offshoreibit to mountor a monopiles hot spot is a measurem
n terms of overcome by
structure baand a calibrateuced-order mained by theporates them ed for optimadel uses a mpproach for redom of the fie the possibiln measuremen
These virtual validated basbtained from urbine on a mh monitoring ntire structure
n and remainin
and vissment
Iliopoulos#1
#Mechanics of
bration Resear
omposition, MEstimation, STurbines
gn driver for WT). Insight tions on the Oing of the f
mplete methond turbines sensor networing strategy n operating osed multi-ban
RODUCTION
gn driver for the-time assessm
range of opeaintenance, en
for optimie wind turbinet sensors at se foundation,at the mudlin
ment system cost and mreconstructi
ased on the led Finite Elem
model that exe acceleration
to permit adal generation
multi band moeconstructing inite element lity to estimants based on tdynamic str
ed on long a monitoring
monopile fou approach he and accurang useful life
irtual t of m, Wout Weijt
of Materials an
Pleinlaan 21Alexandr
rch group, Me
Modal ExpanStructural H
the foundatioabout wind
OWT can be gfatigue life o
odology for fabased on li
ork installed ouses data fro
outside the Bend virtual se
he foundationment of an offerational statend-of-life deciization of fe, though, prastress (and fat the most po
ne below the at the mudli
maintenance. ing the fulllimited numbment Model o
xploits the lin sensor datadaptation to syof virtual dyn
odal decompothe responses model. The te dynamic sthe aforementains will theterm actual g campaign o
undation. Thishas the abilitely assess fa at the true fa
sensinmonopi
tjens*2, Dann
nd Constructi
2, B-1050, Bruros.Iliopoulos@
echanical Eng
nsion, Health
ons of farm
gained of the
atigue imited on the om an elgian ensing
ns, the fshore es can isions future actical tigue) opular water
ine is This
l-field ber of of the imited a and ystem namic
osition s at all paper
strains tioned en be strain on an s new ity to atigue atigue
Fig
It and tcallemeasobserdomaevolu
Aabilitfatigufatigu
A
ThOffshand ackninnovgrateOWI
R[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
ng appile winny Van Hem
ions, Vrije Un
ussels, [email protected]
gineering Dep
g. 1 Multi Band VDetail time hat level h=1conditions. Tstrains from shown in red
is made clearthe high-frequd MBVS resured and thrved both in tain, both in teution.
new structurty to interrogaue life consumue hot spots is
ACKNOWLEDG
his research hhore Wind In
the O&O nowledge thevation by Sciefully thank thI-lab for their
REFERENCES Iliopoulos, A., 2015.”Predictionturbine using viof Physics: ConfWeijtjens, W., “Monitoring thefoundations,” Pr
PhD Semina
proachnd turbelrijck#1, Chr
iversiteit Brus
m
artment, Vrije
II. RES
Virtual Sensing (Mhistory (left) and 9 m LAT for anThe measured strthe modal decom
d.
r that the supuent strain comesponse, givee predicted the time domaerms of ampli
III. CONC
ral health monate an entire smption and res introduced.
EMENTS
has been perfofrastructure P
Parkwind financial s
ience and Tehe people of Pcontinuous su
W. Weijtjens, Dn of dynamic strtual sensors,” IOference Series (JPA., Iliopoulos,
e consumed fatigroc. EWEA Offsh
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession
h for farbines hristof Devrie
ssel
e Universiteit
ESULTS
MBVS) approachestimated PSD (r
n indicative 10-mrains are shown mposition and ex
perposition ofmponents thaes good matsignals. Thisain as well asitude and in t
CLUSION
nitoring approstructure and emaining usef
ormed in the Project (http://
project. Thsupport by echnology (IWParkwind and upport within
D. Van Hemelrijstrains on a monIOP Publishing’s JPCS)
J. Helsen and gue life of wind hore, Copenhagen
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germn: New Conc
fatigue
endt*2
Brussel
h for strain predicright) of the FA s
min dataset in rotin blue, the estimpansion algorithm
f the low-freqat results in thtch between s good matchs in the frequeterms of temp
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REFERENCES [1] R. Stresing,a new class of t1–4, 2010. [2] D. Hurst, “Phys. Fluids, vo[3] S. Weitemegeneration of tuDyn. Res., vol. 4[4] S. Discetti,study of fracSYMPOSIUM O18.
PhD Semina
undedurbuleol#*2
versity (MET
UWIND) du.tr
view of CSG (
II. EXPERIME
e conducted ian extended sqpose of this elow propertiesisotropy) mu
ny boundary le walls are msure gradient are placed ime turbulence
han 0.5% alonmber based onthe grids and
gh speed laserminates the str
the test sectoil droplets.
gether with Twith resolutionminated region
2-D PIV toles exist in rated turbulenities and 1-Drm the expone.
, J. Peinke, R. E. turbulent flows,”
“Scalings and deol. 19, no. 035103eyer, N. Reinke, Jurbulence with fr45, no. 6, p. 0614
I. B. Ziskin, Rtal grid turbul
ON PARTICLE IM
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession
d ence
TU), Ankara
(Left) and FSG
ENTAL SETUP
in an open cirquare test sectongated test s
s (e.g. turbuuch further dolayer growth e
made divergenclose to zer
mmediately aftlevel when t
ng the centreln the velocity d the effecti
r with a light ream-wise plation downstreA Phantom V
TSI Laser pun of 25 ns aren. o resolve sca
the decay rnce will be a
D energy specential decay o
Seoud, and J. C.Phys. Rev. Lett.
ecay of fractal-g3, 2007. J. Peinke, and M.ractal grids and a
407, 2013. R. J. Adrian, andlence,” in 9THMAGE VELOCIM
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germn: New Conc
, Turkey
(Right) used in
rcuit suction tion (0.3m x 0section is to stlence intensiownstream ofeffect on the
nt maintainingro along the ter the contrache test sectioine of the tunat the inlet ofve mesh siz
sheet thicknesanes passing feam of the gV640 12-bit hulse synchrone used to get
ales smaller region of m
assessed. In-pctra will alsoobserved by H
Vassilicos, “Def, vol. 104, no. 19
generated turbule
Hölling, “Multi-an active grid,” F
d K. Prestridge, H INTERNATIOMETRY, 2011, pp
rope 2015
many epts
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type 0.3m tudy ities, f the core
g the test
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ss of from grid,
high-nizer 2-D
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Hurst
fining 9, pp.
ence,”
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“PIV ONAL p. 15–
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In recent yearure world enedies (see for iferent results: wer plus solajected world gnitude”, [2] all as socio-tecy claim, that “]” [3]. These the different tr
ere is thmputed over ais the input
wer plant includ operation [3o is an impoentials. Addittainability of t the energy imal distributegration from spective.
A 100 % rendelled. The
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wind power pn TSO’s. To bs of decentralialso conducteon of installedained from En
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[2], [3]) – comnclude, that “tailable worldwand by more this from bot
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Mark Z. Jacobsoenergy with winresources, quantPolicy (39), p. 1Ted Trainer (20A negative casePatrick Moriartpotential for renReviews (16), p
PhD Semina
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ACKNOWLEDG
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CES on and Mark A. nd, water and solatities and areas o154 – 1169 12): Can renewab; Simplicity Instity and Damon H
newable energies. 244-252
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series of elecmismatch are
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T is the trany. By maximd renewable
derived.
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hat the energpply systems stributions of the sustainabil socio-technic
GEMENTS
phan Spaeth, ng the scriptneration from
Delucchi (2011)ar power, Part I:
of infrastructure,
ble energy sustaitute Report 12e Honnery (2012):s?; Renewable an
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germical Compon
n
tricity generatcomputed forthese time seas well asupply systemifferent scena
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energy capac
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): Providing all gTechnologies, enand materials; En
in consumer socie
: What is the gnd Sustainable En
rope 2015
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global nergy
30
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, GermanySession XXXX Paper XXXXXXX
Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates fora Global Electricity Grid with High Shares of
RenewablesAlexander Kies1#*, Lüder von Bremen #*, Kabitri Chattopadhyay*, Elke Lorenz* and Detlev Heinemann #*
#ForWind, Center for Wind Energy Research, University of Oldenburg, [email protected]
*Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Germany
Keywords – Renewable Energy, Energy SystemAnalysis, Global Power Grid, Storages, PowerTransmission, Wind Energy, Photovoltaics, Hydro power,Concentrated Solar Power
A vision of a global renewable electricity grid has been described in [1].
Such a system might consist of renewable power generationaround the earth connected to the major load centers by long distance high voltage transmission links.
In general, wind and photovoltaics generation facilities have, due to the weather dependency of their power sources, highly fluctuating feed-in profiles. This is true for mostly dispatchable hydro power generation to a lesser degree.
In this work we compute backup, transmission and storage needs for a global power system consisting of major load centers in 2050 (estimated by an economic outlook [2]) connected to renewable generation by high voltage long distance transmission links.
I. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY
Growing shares of renewables make their integration intothe power system difficult. This is due to the intermittentnature of renewable power generation. To operate a powersystem in a stable way, electricity needs to be consumed whenit is generated. Several solutions have been proposed in thepast to overcome the load-generation mismatch problem likestorages and over-installation [3][4] or transmission gridextensions [5]. We model generation from global reanalysis data with aspatial resolution of ca. 70 km for 10 years with hourlytemporal resolution for the renewable sources wind,photovoltaics (pv), concentrated solar power (csp) and hydro.
Together with modelled load data we simulate flows in thepower grid using a common DC flow approximation for theAC power flow equations. From this we compute infrastructure estimates for a globalfully decarbonized power system.
II. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
In this work we calculate the backup energy, backup powercapacity, transmission capacity and storage reservoir capacityneeds for this fully renewable (with generation on averageequal to load) global power system and discuss the foundinfrastructure estimates and the benefits of such a globalsystem.
We show that a global electricity system has the potential toreduce the requirements for backup and storage to a largedegree compared to the isolated nodes.
We analyze the interplay of the investigated renewablesources on the global scale and compute the infrastructuralneeds for transmission lines of such a electricity system(capacity and length).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work is part of the RESTORE 2050 project (BMBF)that investigates the requirements for cross-country gridextensions and usage of storage technologies and capacities.We thank our project partners from Wuppertal Institute andNext Energy and Martin Greiner for helpful discussions.
REFERENCES
[1] Chatzivasileiadis, S. et al: The Global Grid, Renewable Energy, 57:32-383, 2013
[2] Ward, K.: The World in 2050: From the Top 30 to the Top 100, GlobalEconomics, HSBC Global Research, January 2012
[3] D. Heide et al,: Reduced storage and balancing needs in a fullyrenewable European power system with excess wind and solarpowergeneration, Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 2515-2513, March, 2011
[4] Kies, A., et al,: Investigation of balancing effects in long termrenewable energy feed-in with respect to the transmission grid, Adv.Sci. Res., 12, 91-95, 2015.
[5] Becker, S. et al.: Transmission grid extensions during the build- up of a fully renewable pan-european electricity supply. Energy, Volume 64, P. 404-418, 2014
Fig. 1 Conceptional scematic overview of a global electricity grid connectingthe global load centers (indicated as unicolored superregions) with additionalenergy harvesting regions (pictured as green nodes).
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REFERENCES E. Davey and AStudy. http://www.thecreduction-pathwW. Musial andUnited States: Available from: F. Spinato, et alPower GeneratioK. Ma, et al., Thconsidering mTransactions on J. Carroll, A. MWind Turbines on Energy ConvC.J. Smith, C.JElectrical Loadi(under review),
PhD Semina
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hews#
rham Univers
3LE, UK
controllable Asily modified r technology the rig’s constas been modeine drive traiexperiences a fixed frequensequently of
re, only the MDC link is rep
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xperimental rionverter undertal rig consis
AC power suC sink to provcommisioninapplied to th
of reliability in
A. Nimmo. Offsh2012;
rownestate.co.ukways-study.pdf.
B. Ram. LargeAssessment of
http://www.nrel.., Reliability of won, IET, 2009. 3(4hermal loading anission profiles Power Electronic
McDonald, and D.With DFIG and P
version, 2015. 30(J. Crabtree, and ing Experienced in EWEA Annua
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuility of Electr
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sity
AC power supd to investiga
operation ontruction. elled as idealin, the machi
more varied ncy grid-side
greater interMSC is used a
placed with a
CLUSION
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hore Wind Cost Availab
k/media/305094/o
e-Scale Offshoref Opportunities .gov/docs/fy10os
wind turbine suba(4): p. 387-401. nd lifetime estima
in wind powcs, 2015. 30(2): p. McMillan, ReliaPMG Drive Tra(2): p. 663.
d P.C. Matthewsby a Wind Turb
al Event 2015: Pa
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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assemblies. Renew
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REFERENCES
oubakh, H., SayeDynamic Data M
Multicellular ConTechnological AEngineering, Beiru
E PhD Semina
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nosis in
chaweh IA,
ine self-adaptive
II. CONC
ier able to dons of the med on dynamionitoring of thing the normdiscrete oper
mation of the enting the dri
EMENTS
upported by tnes de Douai.
ed-Mouchaweh, MMining Scheme
nverters”, The dvances in Eleut, Lebanon, ISBN
aron Wind E23-25
Stuility of Electr
Wind T
scheme steps.
CLUSION
detect a drifmulticellular cical feature sphe drift of themal operatinrating mode. remaining us
ift (the degrad
the region No
M., Fleury, A., Bfor Drift-like
Third Internatiectrical, ElectroN: 978-1-4799-5
Energy in Eur5September 2uttgart, Germical Compon
Turbine
ft in the norconverter in epace is realize
characteristicng conditions
Future work eful life by u
dation dynamic
ord Pas de Ca
Boonaert, J., “HFault Diagnosi
ional Conferenceonics and Com679-1©2015
rope 2015
many ents
rmal each
ed. It cs of s of will
using cs).
alais
Hybrid is in
e on mputer
33
Kopt
T
the cosherbasfor conare reprandons
Tthataeroprowhicapmothe vari
IwordevturbMaaeroPerAnadiambladMaconCoEthe
Fto dbeeLowaerodes
#Technisch
§Diparti
Keywords – timization, M
The present wintegrated det of energy (Cein follows aned on high fia detailed d
ntrol aspects oapplied to
resentative ofd to a 2 MWshore machine
The design oft requires the odynamic, strcedures makich can accur
pture the couplst suitable glo
CoE, whichious possible
In recent yearrking in strict
velop automabines [2]. Theaximization), oservoelastic rformance, Loalysis), has meter, hub hede aerodynam
ax is indeednfiguration of E, which is coINNWIND C
Following a rdesign rotors wen added, tradiw induction (Lodynamic design variable.
I
he Universität
*GE Glob
imento di Scie
Wind turbiMulti-body dyn
work describeesign of wind CoE) reduction industrial anfidelity aerosedesign of thof a wind turbo a concepf the next genW wind turbes.
I. INTR
f wind turbineintegration ofructural, cont
ke use of higrately predict lings among tobal merit figh expresses design choice
II. DESIGN M
rs, Technischet collaboration
ated tools fore design tool
which is multi-body
oads, Aeroelasbeen recentlyeight, rotor c
mic shape and d now capab
the wind turbomputed from
CoE model andecent interestwith a lower ing aerodynamLI) configurasign of the bla
The goal is
IntegroptimPietro Borto
München, Wi
bal Research,
enze e Tecnolo
ine, Rotor dnamics, Aero
es innovative turbines, ulti
on. The designnd certificationervoelastic mohe aerodynambine. The destual 10 MW
neration large bine represent
RODUCTION
es is a multi-df optimizationtrol and systgh fidelity sthe wind tur
the different sugure for such a
suitable trades [1].
METHODOLOGI
e Universität n with Politecr the holisticCp-Max (Codbased on tcode Cp-La
sticity by Muly improved
cone angle, nablade and tow
ble of optimbine aiming atm two sophistid the SANDIAt in the literataerodynamic
mic optimalityations are obtaade, together to increase t
rated hmizatio
olotti#1, Jaiku
ind Energy Ins1pietr
Freisinger La
ogie Aerospaz
design, Integoservoelastici
methodologiemately aiming
n process presn approach anodels, which
mic, structuralsign methodolW wind tuoffshore mactative of mid
disciplinary acn algorithms fotems design. simulation morbine responsub-disciplinesa design procde-offs amon
IES
München hascnico di Milac design of de for performthe high fiambda (Codelti-Body Dynato optimize acelle uptilt awer structures
mizing the gt a reduction oicated cost moA blade cost mture, the possiefficiency ha
y for lower loaained by a suwith a pitch
the rotor area
high fion of w
umar Logana
stitute, Boltzmro.bortolotti@tu
andstraße 50,
ziali, Politecn
grated ity
es for g at a sented nd it is
allow l and logies urbine chines d-size
ctivity for the
Such odels, e and s. The cess is ng all
s been ano to
wind mance idelity e for amics rotor
angle, s. Cp-global of the odels, model. ibility
as also ading.
uitable offset
a, and
therethe fi
A. 1
Cpconcconsoupscahighecapitenergprodu
B. 1
A also thankthat coulddrive
C. 2
Thapplihighldesig
Thour methwindglobaand strucwind
A
Thand fruitf
R[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
idelitywind tu
athan#*, Carlo
mannstraße 15um.de
85748 Garch
ico di Milano,
efore the powfixed structure
0 MW offshor
p-Max has beptual 10 Mortium. The ale the initialer hub heighttal cost, +33.7gy productionuces 7.0% of
0 MW offshor
LI configuratbeen designe
ks to a 5.6% lonly rotor thd be constraien component
2 MW onshore
he presented ied to a 2 MWlight the potegn drivers and
his work prescollaborative
hodologies ofd turbine are pal design optia low induc
cture. The wod turbine.
ACKNOWLEDG
he authors ackAlessandro C
ful discussion
REFERENCES Ning, N.S., Damfor Wind TurbinBottasso, C.L.,Constrained OpDOI: 10.1007/s1
PhD Semina
Sessio
y desigurbineo L. Bottasso
5, 85748 Garc
ing b. Münch
, Via La Masa
wer capture, wof the wind tu
III. APPLI
re
been used toMW machine
identified glol design movit. This causes7%, but also a n, +17.2%. Osavings in term
re low inductio
tion of the INd, achieving larger diamete
hrust and the ined to the bs exhibited a l
e
design methoW machine. Thential differend trade-offs for
IV. CONC
sents the lateefforts for inwind turbine
presented, highmization that
ction rotor cork is currently
EMENTS
knowledge FeCroce from Ps to overcome
miani, R., Moriane Optimization”,, Campagnolo,
ptimization of W11044-011-9271-
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuon: Rotor De
gn es o#§
ching b. Münc
en, Germany
a 34, 20156 M
without increaturbine.
ICATIONS
o optimize tdesigned by
obal trend ising towards as a significantmassive incre
Overall, the oms of CoE.
on rotor
NNWIND 10 M1.8% savingser. The limit blade root co
baseline valuload increase.
hodologies arehe goal is to ences in optimar the two rated
CLUSIONS
est developmentegrated higes. Applicatiohlighting two t leads to CoEoncept to limly being expa
ederico GualdPolitecnico die the many pro
arty, P.J., “Objec, 51st AIAA Con
F., Croce, A.Wind Turbines”, M
-x, 2011
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germesign and Tes
chen, Germany
Milano, Italy
sing the load
the design oy the INNWIs to significaa larger rotor tly higher turease of the anoptimized de
MW machines in terms of Cof this solutioombined mom
ues, while sto
e currently bxplore and final configuratid power classe
ents producedgh fidelity deons to a 10 Mdesign option
E savings of 7mit loads on anded to a 2 M
doni, Luca Sai Milano for oject challeng
ctives and Constrnference, January
, “Multi-disciplMultibody Syst.
rope 2015
many sting
y
s on
of a IND antly
and rbine nnual esign
e has CoE on is ment orm-
eing nally ions, es.
d by esign MW ns: a 7.0%
the MW
artori the
ges.
raints 2013
linary Dyn.
34
K
tur A
tunndesNR
Iaeroturbflowthe Frethe are convarireprestare is taeromaiof t
Hturbratiis aJontip maxto regturb
T1/7decshoscalturbinclas westithe disc
Aer
Keywords – bine, turbule
An approach nel wind turcribed. The p
REL 5MW blad
In recent timeo-elastics arebine systems.w phenomena
wind turbinee field investiwind cannotunknown. In
nditions are wiable on the weatability of tricted by the usually used
the scaling aodynamics. Nintained and sthe experimen
Here the maibine with theo is considereadopted from
nkman in [1], speed ratio ofximum level ocontemporar
arding the dbulent wind. The geometric0 (0.9m/63m
creased by a faown how powling approachbine is outlinelude tower bewell as bladeimation at a r
non-dimensicussed.
rodynblad
#For
Aerodynamience interacti
for an aerodyrbine model process is bade design.
I. INTR
e numerical sie important to. Experiments
a and the interae, as is not eigations evinct be controlled
the controlledwidely known wind turbine s
the experimwind tunnel for such inve
approach for Not all non-so the scaling
nts.
II. M
in field of ine turbulent wied to be amon
m the NREL which is the f the referenceof comparabilry multi MWdynamic loads
cal blade dimem). The Reynfactor of 1/70 wer and load h. The setup oed including pending momene root bendingradial blade sional Strouha
amic sde for
rWind – Wind
Amme
ic scaling, wion
ynamic blade with a diamsed on the w
RODUCTION
imulations of ools for the s provide valaction of the tentirely possice the phenomd and many d environmenand the influ
system can bement. Dimens
and scaled wstigations. A the rotor bl
-dimensional g approach dep
METHOD
nterest is the ind field. The
ng the most im5MW turbinestarting point e blade is maility of the invW wind tus on the tur
ensions are scnolds numbeand is of the parameters c
of the accordiplanned measunts, rotor revog moments astation. Furtheal and Froud
scalinwind
Frederik
d Energy Syste
rländer Heers1freder
ind tunnel m
design for a meter of 1.8 well-known ge
f aerodynamicresearch on
luable insightturbulent windble by simul
mena of interesinfluencing fa
nt of a wind tuuence of a spe studied due tions howeveind turbine mmain considerlade in regar
numbers capends on the
interaction oe design tip
mportant factore, as describeof the design
intained to enavestigation’s rurbines, esperbine blade in
caled by a facer consequent
size 105. It wchange due tingly scaled mured quantitieolutions and tnd angle of aer the influene number wi
ng of atunneBerger#1, M
ems, Carl von
str. 136, 2612rik.berger@forw
model
wind m is
eneric
cs and wind
t into d with lation. st, but factors unnel, pecific to the
er are models
ration rds to an be focus
of the speed rs and ed by n. The able a results ecially n the
ctor of tly is
will be to the model es that torque attack
nce of ill be
Thstallemodelow Rratio usedof 16relatiseconincrenumb
Throtorcompand f
Fig
Onbladeon thIn Fispeed
Fig
Thundeturbiapproexpe
11th EAWE
a generel inve
artin Kühn#2
Ossietzky Un
29 Oldenburg,wind.de
he strong deced flow, if theel blade. TheReynolds airf(CL/CD) over
, the first for 6 % and the seive thickness nd airfoil is eased to mainber is increasehe scaled bladr parameters ppared to the Nfurther quantit
g. 1 Power coeffispeed ratio (for wind tunn
n the basis ofe, with the sofhe flow over thig. 2 streamlid, indicating f
g. 2 Pressure distscaled blade
he wind tuerstanding of tne system regoach for a sriments is pre
PhD Semina
Sessio
ric wiestigat
iversity of Old
Germany
crease in Reyn original profirefore the profoils, which pr angle of attathe inboard r
econd for the mof 10%. Furrather low,
ntain the scaleed. de design is ipower coefficNREL 5MW rties will be dis
icient Cp (left) an(TSR) for the NRnel investigations
f RANS CFDftware Star CChe scaled bladines are showflow detachme
ribution and velodesign at rated w
III. CONC
unnel investthe interactiongarding aerodysmall-scale w
esented and inv
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuon: Rotor De
ind turtions
denburg
ynolds numberfiles would beofiles are exc
provide a simitack. In detairegion with a mid and outborther the lift so that the
ed lift and th
investigated wcient and thrurotor, as showscussed
nd thrust coefficiREL 5MW blades
D investigationCM+, a deepe
de at different wn for operatients at the bla
ocity streamlines wind speed
CLUSION
tigations aimn of turbulent ynamics and lwind turbine vestigated by
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germesign and Tes
rbine
r leads to laremployed for
changed with ilar slope of gil two airfoilsrelative thick
oard region wof the imporchord length
hus the Reyn
with BEM forst coefficient
wn in Fig 1. Th
ient CT (right) ove and the scaled b
ns of the rotaer insight is taoperational st
ion at rated wade root.
on suction side o
m at a bewind with a w
loads. The scablade for th
BEM and CF
rope 2015
many sting
rgely r the thin
glide s are kness ith a rtant h is
nolds
r the and
hese
ver tip blade
ating aken tates. wind
of the
etter wind aling hese
FD.
35
o
K
Tip
TinvchaExpfacidiffcompowincrwakinje
Tbeetip turb
TtunnHAS82dist
T
PIVPha256are perinjeand
2D-PIon the
Keywords – Hp vortex
This paper repestigate the e
aracteristics periments are ility using 2Dferent injectimpared in termwer budget anreases, the chke are changiection case sho
The effects ofen investigatedflow field and
bine [1,2].
I
The experimenel which has
AWT has a 026 profile andtribution along
Fig. 1: Experim
The PIV measV system consantom V640 60x1600 pixel
performed atformed at 5 ection ratios ind RTS=3.26 and
IV Inve Tip F
#
M
HAWT, Tip
I. AB
presents an exeffects of tip of a Horizperformed in
D Particle Imon rates anms of tip flownalysis. Resu
haracteristics ing significanows power eff
II. INTRO
f tip injectiond by the authod tip vortex c
II. EXPERIM
ents are done s a 1.7 m jet e0.95 m diamed the blades g the span.
mental setup; Ope
surement plansists of a 30 m
camera witls at a frequet 742 Hz with
m/s wind sn radial directd baseline cas
vestigaFlow C
Ezg#Aerospace En
METU Center f
injection, Ac
STRACT
xperimental stinjection on
zontal Axis front of an op
mage Velocimend baseline mw field characults show thaof the tip vor
ntly. In additiofficiency.
ODUCTION
n on a model ors and showeharacteristics
MENTAL SET
at the exit ofexit diameter eter 3-bladed
have variabl
en-jet wind tunne
ne is an 8 cm mJ Litron Ndth a maximency of 1.5 kh Δt= 20 µs. speed, at TStion given in Ese (no injectio
ation oCharagi Anık#1, An
ngineering De
for Wind Ener1ezg
*Second Dep
ctive flow con
tudy which aithe near tip
Wind Turpen jet wind tetry system. measurements
cteristics as wat as injectionrtex as well aon, only mini
wind turbineed that it effec
of the model
UP
f an open-jet (Fig 1). The mrotor with N
le chord and
el and the PIV sys
x 12 cm gridd: YLF laser
mum resolutiokHz. Measurem
MeasuremenR=5 and forEq. (1) at RTS=n).
of the acterist
nas Abdulrah
epartment, Mi
rgy ([email protected]
epartment, Sec
ntrol,
ims to flow
urbine. tunnel Two s are
well as n rate as the imum
e have cts the wind
wind model NREL
twist
stem
d. The and a
on of ments
nts are r two =1.16
Fl2. as tip vcharacalcu
Tianaly
A
ThResenumb
R[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
Effectics ofhim#2, Oğuz
iddle East Tec
WIND), 06800,edu.tr
cond Affiliatio
low field measinjection rati
vortex changeacteristics of ulation is give
Fig. 2: Top row: contours from
ip flow fieldysis have been
ACKNOWLEDG
his study is suearch Councilber 112M105
REFERENCES Anik, E., Abdu"Active control performance chConference S6596/524/1/0120Abdulrahim, A.Wake Flow FielAIAA Scitech January, Kissem
PhD Semina
Sessio
cts of Tf a MoUzol#3
chnical Univer
Ankara, TUR
on
IV. RES
surements shoo increases the as well as
f the wake n in Eq. (2)
Mean velocity com left to right: bas
V. CONC
characteristin performed fo
EMENTS
upported by thl of Turkey as well as by
ulrahim, A., Ostof the tip vortexaracteristics of aSeries, 524(20098, 2014. , Anik E., Uzol, Old of a Model Wi2015, 33rd ASM
mmee, Florida, 20
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuon: Rotor De
Tip Inodel H
rsity
RKEY
SULTS
ow that as it che trajectory as the expansalso changes
ontours; Bottom rseline, RTS=1.16 a
CLUSION
ics as well aor a model HA
he Scientific a(TÜBİTAK) METUWIND
tovan, Y., Mercx: an experimentaa model turbine"004), 012098.
O., “Experimentind Turbine RotoME Wind Ener
015.
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germesign and Tes
njectioHAWT
(1)
an be seen in nd the strengtion and velos. Power bu
row: Mean vorticand RTS=3.26.
(2
as power buAWT.
and Technologunder the g
D.
can, B., & Uzoal investigation o", Journal of Phy
doi:10.1088/1
tal Investigation oor with Tip Injectrgy Symposium,
rope 2015
many sting
on T
Fig. th of ocity udget
city
2)
udget
gical grant
ol, O. on the ysics: 1742-
of the tion”, , 5-9
36
K
bea B
turbis ebladturbthinCircmodaero(unare
Tdrampowcomof mtoolconunsof ttrai
Awhoordto excinvsingsectslenshastud
Sunsrecoaero
Rbeedom
Tandchablad
Keywords – am- Unsteady
Bending-twistbine blades is exploited to alldes. For the bine blade is n-walled comcumferentiallydel. For the odynamic app
nsteady lift/ memployed in
The size of matically in t
wer of 50kW ammercially avmore than 120ls to change
nstant wind tosteady aerodynthe entire winn, and rotor an
A thin-walledose distinctiv
ders of magnitthe cross-sec
ceeds the dimestigated the gle cell-lamintion. The efnderness, and apes of rotatindied. Since wind tusteady flow enognize that odynamic effeResults for incen formulated main, primarilThe main idead reliable tooaracteristics odes of wind tu
ALarge
wind turbiny aerodynami
ting coupling one of the paleviate loads ipurpose of tmodelled as
mposite box y Asymmetr aeroelastic proach based
moment) and Lconjunction w
I. INTR
commercial the last 25 yeand a rotor di
vailable 5MW0 m. This devfrom simple
o dynamic simnamic loads m
nd turbine connd control sys
d beam (TWBve geometric tude such thatctional dimen
mensions of itrotation eff
nated compoffects of rota
hub ratios onng TWB with
urbines operanvironment, imany of th
ects on airfoilcompressible,in both the f
ly by Theodora of the presenol to determ
over the operurbine.
Aeroelae Com
#METU
Mid
ne aeroelasticic
induced in bassive control incurred due tthe study, than elastic ca
beam withric Stiffness
stability anad on TheodorLoewy (returnwith a structur
RODUCTION
wind turbinears from appiameter of 10–
W machines wivelopment has static calcul
mulation softwmodels the ae
nstruction, inclstem.
B) is a slenderdimensions a
t its thickness nsions, while ts cross-sectiofects in eigenosite TWB wation, ply ann natural freq
h flap–twist e
te for most ot is importanthe tools to s have already, unsteady airfrequency domrsen, and loewnt work is to p
mine the aerorating range
astic Smposit
Touraj F
UWind centre,
ddle East Tech1touraj
2a
city- Thin w
ig composite mechanisms wto the flexing he composite antilevered roh the deve
(CAS) strualysis, a proprsen’s strip tning wake) mal model.
nes has incrproximately a –15m up to toth a rotor diams forced the dlations assumware that fromeroelastic respluding tower,
r structural eleare all of diff
is small comits length g
on. Sina et. anvalue analyswith closed cngles, taper quencies and lastic couplin
of their time t for the analy
model unsy been laid dofoil problemsmain and the
wy [2]. provide an accoelastic instafor isolated
Stabilite WinFarsadi1#, Alt
Aerospace E
hnical Univeraj.farsadi@metu
akayran@metu.
walled
wind which of the wind
otating eloped uctural posed theory
method
reased rated
oday’s ameter design
ming a m the ponse drive
ement fferent
mpared greatly al. [1] sis of cross-ratio, mode
ng are
in an yst to
steady own. s have
time-
curate ability
rotor
Thcantidevestrucconfitwistasymgroupmate
ThLoewaerodunstewheris takthe sdowndown
Inrespeangleinflostabiof thturbiunste
A
ThEnerCoun
R[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
Ses
ity Annd Tur
an Kayran2#
Engineering De
rsity, Ankara, u.edu.tr
edu.tr
II. R
he composite ilevered rotatinloped Circum
ctural model. Iiguration leating and ext
mmetric stiffnp of non-class
erial anisotropy
III
he unsteady awy postulateddynamic of aneady incomprre the effect oken into accohed wake wranwards instenwards shift a
n this study, ect to the varie will be prw velocity. Mlity analysis a
he overspeed ane multi-bodeady BEM me
ACKNOWLEDG
his work is srgy and the ncil of Turkey
REFERENCES Sina S. A., Ashrtorsional vibratiProceedings of tof Aerospace EnLoewy, R.G., aerodynamics o1957.
PhD Semina
ssion: Rotor D
nalysisrbine B
epartment,
Turkey
ROTATING THI
wind turbine ng thin-walledmferentially AIn the case of ds to the dension-transvess structuralsical effects suy and warping
I. UNSTEADY A
aerodynamicsa two dimen
n oscillating rressible flow f the spiral re
ount approximaps along an inead of con
accounts for th
IV. CONC
aeroelastic siation of strucresented for Moreover, resuapproach willanalysis that w
dy simulationethod as the ae
EMENTS
supported by Scientific a
y (TÜBİTAK)
rafi M.J., Haddadions of rotating the Institution of ngineering 2011 2“A two-dimensif rotary wings”,
ar on Wind E23-25
StuDynamics an
s of Blade
IN WALLED BE
blade is modd composite bAsymmetric rotating comp
decoupling bverse shear. l model takeuch as the trang inhibition.
AERODYNAMI
s is based on nsional modelrotary wing aiin terms of
eturning wake mately. In Thenfinite line annverting do
he rotor inflow
CLUSION
stability analctural paramevarying rotatults of the clal be comparedwill be perfor
n code PHATerodynamic so
the METU and Technol
), Project No:
dpour H., and Shatapered thin-walMechanical Engi225: 387 ional approximat Aeronautical sc
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam
s
EAM
elled as an elabox beam with
Stiffness (Cposite TWB, Cetween bendCircumferenti
es into accounnsverse shear
IC
Loewy’s thel representingirfoil operatinHankel functbeneath the r
e Loewy funcnd discretely shownstream. Tw.
ysis results weters such as ftional speedassical aeroelad with the resrmed in the wTAS which olver.
Centre for Wlogical Rese213M611.
admehri F., “Flexlled composite bineers, Part G: Jo
tion to the unscience, Vol. 24, N
rope 2015
many mics
astic h the
CAS) CAS ding-ially nt a , the
eory. g the ng at tions rotor ction hifts This
with fibre and
astic sults wind uses
Wind arch
xural–beam” ournal
teady No.2,
37
K
Wintelag)deptowandfromdisttowthe inflDifof tleadicinequcauspeturbocc
RflexflexbladinerbearotaIn ttownonturbtowfirsto a
TIntebe usinvibrtranstatfor (DOmod
Windco
1sud
Keywords – S
Wind turbineeraction betwe) [1]. The ro
pends on the wer. Wind turbd tapered alonm the root totribution influ
wer and bladesstructural ch
luence stabilitfferent ice mathe blades to sd-lag motionsng on the blaual to 30% bluses instabilityed is far awabine. Icing oncur at earlier sp
Rotating bladxible beam mxibility is modde root and vrtias calculate
am models, ating beams arthe present w
wer and bladesn-rotating andbine is less tha
wer and bladet two bending
approximate thTower experieraction betwconsidered in
ng coordinatrations to nsformation mtionary frame a three blade
OF) are changdes [1]. Eigen
d turbioupled
Sudhakar Departm
dhakar.gantasal
Stability, win
I. AB
es have a seen tower andotational spestructural pr
bine blade’s aeng the lengtho its tip. Icinuencing stabis lead-lag mothanges in the ty of the NRE
ass distributionstudy stability s. Instability dades, whereaslade mass in y to occur at 7ay from the n the blades peeds with inc
II. INTR
ded systems cmodels [2,3]. delled using tvibration behaed about the blinear and nre used to stu
work, NREL 5s are modelledd rotating beaan the first bees, mode supg modes of a heir vibrationsiences collec
ween rotating n the couplete transformmulti-blade
models colleof reference.
ed rotor, bladged to collectn values of th
ne witd blade
Gantasala1, Jment of Engine
[email protected], 2jean
d turbine, ici
BSTRACT
self-excited id blade in-planed at which roperties of therofoil cross s
h whose massng on the blility behavioutions. This stublades due t
EL 5 MW mns are assume of the couple
doesn’t exist fos a linearly inthe lower hal74 rpm. Howerated speed (will initiate
creasing ice m
RODUCTION
can be studieIn case of ritorsional sprinaviour is stud
blade root [2].nonlinear ben
udy their vibra5 MW model d using linearams. As the rending naturalperposition msimple cantiles [3].
ctive effect oand non-rotatd equations
mation of thcoordinates
ective blades . After the Mde vibration dtive, progresshe system mat
th icede’s in-Jean-Claude eering Science
n-claude.luneno
ing
instability dune vibrations (
instability ohe blades ansections are tws density decrlades changesur of the coudy highlightsto icing alon
model wind tured along the led tower and bfor the case wincreasing ice lf of all the bever this insta(12.5 rpm) oinstabilities w
mass.
ed using rigidigid beam mongs attached adied for equiv
In case of flending theorie
ation behaviouwind turbine
r bending theorated speed ol frequencies o
method considever beam are
of all the bting structureof motion (E
he rotating (MBC).
vibration inMBC transformdegrees of fresive and regretrices (transfo
d blad-plane
Luneno2, Jaes and Mathem
Luleå, [email protected], 3Jan-O
ue to (lead-
occurs nd the wisted reases s this
oupled s how
ne can urbine. length blades ithout mass
blades ability of this which
d and odels, at the valent exible es of ur [3]. e’s [4] ory of of this of the dering e used
lades. es can EOM) blade MBC n the
mation eedom essive ormed
to MreveaCamturbiinstabehaincreequadampbetwwhicvaluepropdistridampinsta
Fig(c)
Stinitiatoweadvapart o
R[1]
[2]
[3]
11th EAWE
Ses
des: Ste and tan-Olov Aidamatics, Luleå
DEN Olov.Aidanpaa@
MBC coordinatal stability ch
mpbell diagramne data are
ability exists iaviour changeeasing ice maal to 30% of ping are sho
ween 74-79 rpmch can be idenes in Fig. 1(d)erties of theibution on theping can furt
ability occurs.
g. 1 Campbell dia) & (d) 30% ice m
tructural chanate instabilityer. The rotatances with incof the blades a
REFERENCES Bir, G. S., WrAnalysis of a VSymposium, JanChopra, I., 1977PhD thesis, MasRamakrishnan,dynamics of wi28-31, Washing
PhD Semina
ssion: Rotor D
tabilityower
anpää3, MichUniversity of
@ltu.se, 4Miche
tes) calculatedharacteristics m and modal
shown in Fin the speed
es with ice mass (in the loblade mass, wn in Fig. m range for utified from th). This study e blade due e blades and eher change th
agram and real pamass,
III. CONC
ges in the wiin the coupletional speed creasing ice maggravates thi
right, A. D. andVariable-speed Wnuary 6-9, Reno, N7, “Nonlinear dynssachusetts Institu
V. and Feeny,nd turbine bladeton, USA.
ar on Wind E23-25
StuDynamics an
y analmotio
hel Cervantesf Technology
el.Cervantes@lt
d at different of the wind damping of
Fig. 1(a) & (range of 0-1
mass, for a cower half of tCampbell dia1(c) & (d). uniform ice m
he positive reaonly considerto icing. U
effects of icinghe rotational
art of eigen value
CLUSION
ind turbine bled vibrations
at which mass. More icis instability.
d Butterfield, C.Wind Turbine”, Nevada.
namic response ofute of Technology, B. F., 2011, es”, ASME IDET
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam
lysis oons
s4
tu.se
rotational speturbine structthis model w
(b) in which00 rpm. Stabase with linethe blade lenagram and mInstability ex
mass on all blal part of the ers change in m
Uneven ice mg on aerodynaspeeds at w
s (a) & (b) No ice
lades due to iof the blades instability ocing in the lo
. P., 1997, “StaASME Wind En
f wind turbine roty.
“In-plane nonlTC/CIE 2011, Au
rope 2015
many mics
of
eeds ture. wind h no bility early ngth)
modal xists ades igen
mass mass amic hich
e,
cing and
ccur ower
ability nergy
tors”,
linear ugust
38
K
Lar
Trempartrotadevregithe direandfavomecundundwinnowimpshoturbthe siminfoinvaddinbo
Trotacom(URtimtimresoperchoat thinfleffe
Tothachthatbladairfincl
Keywords – rge Blades, C
The accurate mains challeng
t of the bladation plays avelopment unime. The cent
separated aection from thd the Coriolis ourable preschanism of thderstood andderlying phenond turbines. Twadays and portant for theould be kept bines is compcongruous va
milar effects ormation avaiestigations ar
dressed specifoard section o
II
The unsteadyating blade mputational fRANS) SST-k
me-stepping wame. To show th
olution, grid formed [4]. T
osen in the exhe condition: low conditionects from unstThe simulationer project p
hieved in termt rotation enhade span. Thefoils. The boluded for com
An Eon
Rotational CFD, Wind Tu
I. INTR
prediction of ging due to thes. The diffican important
nder highly strifugal force, area [1], tranhe root towardforce, due to ssure gradiee flow physic
d most invomena were f
The wind turbrotational eff
ese large windin mind tha
parable with talue of Rossb
of rotationilable on this re necessary. fically to inveof the large wi
I. NUMERICAL
y numerical inhave been
fluid dynamickω turbulencas utilized to hat the solutioconvergence
The 10MW blaxamination. T
U∞ = 10.5 mn has been seteady phenomns are validat
partners and ms of predicted
ances the lift ce augmentatiooundary layermparison. Fig.
Examin Larg
Galih Institute of A
Pf
Augmentatiurbine Aerod
RODUCTION
f wind turbinehe flow compculties come t role on theparated flowwhich has a s
nsports the fds the middle radial flow co
ent afterwards is however festigations rfocused on smbine size incrffects are expd turbine bladeat the tip spethe smaller onby number, ann as conseqmatter is inadTherefore, th
estigate rotatiind turbine bla
L CALCULATIO
nvestigations conducted
cs (CFD) coe model wasobtain secondns are indepenindex (GCI) ade from AVA
The calculationm/s and n = 9.0
elected to isomena e.g. dynamted against CF
a very good power and thcoefficient (C
on is depender code XFOIL2 illustrates th
inationge WiS.T.A. Bang
Aerodynamics
faffenwaldringbangga
ion, Stall Ddynamics
e power and plexity at the from the fac
he boundary w at the posstrong influen
flow in the region of the
omponent, actds. The defar from beingregarding to
mall stall-contrreases significpected to bees [2]. Howeveed ratio of lne [3], resultind this leads tquence. Currdequate and dhe present woional effects aades.
ONS
of the flow by utilizingde FLOWer.s employed. d order accurandent of the sstudies have
ATAR projecns were perfo0218 rpm. Unolate the rotamic stall.
FD results fromd agreementhrust. Fig. 1 s
Cl) up to 40% oent on the tyL calculationhe flow field o
n of Rind Tugga, Thorsten
and Gas Dyn
g 21, 70569, [email protected]
Delay,
thrust inner
ct that layer
st-stall nce on radial blade
ts as a etailed g well o the rolled cantly e less ver, it larger ing in to the rently, deeper ork is at the
w over g the . The Dual
acy in spatial
been ct was ormed niform ational
m the t was shows of the
ype of ns are of the
airforotatiwith stabi
Fig
Anbladerole are aa betThebe di
R[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
11th EAWE
Ses
Rotatiourbine n Lutz, Ewalnamics, Univer
Stuttgart, Gertgart.de
ils at 20% ring (2D) casea significant
lizes the flow
Fig.
g. 2 Averaged flo
n investigatioes has been conly at the inn
airfoil dependetter understanddetailed flowiscussed more
REFERENCES Bangga, G.S.T.AUnsteady Aerod12, Bremen, GerDu, Z., Selig, Mwind turbine blaHerráez, I., Stoeon a Wind TEnergies 7, pp. 6Celik, I.B., GhiP.E., “ProcedureDiscretization in2008.
PhD Semina
ssion: Rotor D
onal EBlade
d Krämer rsity of Stuttga
many
radial positiones. The Corio
reduction in and augment
1 Averaged 3D a
ow field for 3D (le
III. CONC
n of rotationaconducted. Thner part of theent. The evaluding of the ori
physics of the in the presen
A, Lutz, Th., Krdynamic Effects ormany, 2015.
M.S., “The effect ade”, Renewable Eevesandt, B., Peinurbine Blade U6798-6822, 2014ia, U., Roache, Pe for Estimation n CFD Applicatio
ar on Wind E23-25
StuDynamics an
Effectses art
n for rotatingolis force delan the wake sizts the lift coeff
and 2D lift coeffi
eft) and 2D (righ
CLUSION
al effects on lahe rotation ple blade and thuation of the frigin of rotatiohe underlying
nt paper.
rämer, E., “Numeon Thick Flatbac
of rotation on thEnergy 20, pp. 1nke, J., “Insight iUsing Navier–St.
P.J., Feritas, C.J.and Reporting o
ons”, Journal of F
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam
s
g (3D) and nays the separaze, which in
fficient [2,3].
icients.
t) cases.
arge wind turlays an imporhe resulting foflow field leadonal augmentag phenomena
erical Investigatiock Airfoils”, DEW
he boundary layer67-181, 2000. into Rotational Eftokes Computati
, Coleman, H., Rof Uncertainty DFluid Engineering
rope 2015
many mics
non-ation turn
rbine rtant
orces ds to ation. will
on of WEK
r of a
ffects ions”,
Raad, Due to g 130,
39
K
inte I
laye(VGinvieffeout
AconDes(CFcaphighan i
Ilighbetwbouthe of Vseenwisprohownumpra
Aturbtrai
F
m
Keywords – egral bounda
In this work, er (IBL) charGs) are used iscid interactiect of the passand sample v
An imperativencerns the intspite the increFD) for airfpturing the inflh. A more efintegral bound
In recent yearht on the flow ween the strundary layer.
modification VGs. Howeven in Baldacch
se vortices maperties, as sh
w these new pmerical codesctically impro
An initial appbulent shear ling edges in
Fig. 1 Typical wextracted fr
An inmodel
Dan#Delft Unive
1Phd res
passive flowary layer, flat
the measureracteristics oto validate n
ion code whicsive mixing d
validation data
I. PROBLEM
e part of evetegrated desigeased use of foil performafluence of bladfficient, robusdary layer app
II. BACK
rs, increased physics of voream-wise voModelling wof CFD base
er, recent findhino et al. [3
ay exhibit usefhown in Fig. physical insighs or formulatove airfoil des
III. M
proach is to stress producthe boundary
wake-like axial vefrom the span-wis
ntegralling thniel Baldacc
ersity Wind Ensearcher: d.bald
w control, vt plate, RFOI
ed modulated f low-profile
new developmch is modifieddevices. The ma is presented
M STATEMENT
ery wind turbgn of the airfComputation
ance evaluatde add-ons remst approach isproach.
KGROUND
experimental ortex generatoortices and
work has beend codes to incdings by Velt3] show that ful analytical 1. It remains hts can be couted in such aign codes and
METHODS
modify the fction at the lo
layer formula
elocity profiles dse location of the
al bounhe effehino#1, Carlo
nergy Researcdacchino@tude
vortex generL, PIV
integral bouvortex gene
ments in a visd to incorporamotivations arwithin this ab
T
ine design prfoil/blade secal Fluid Dynaion, the comains prohibi thus sought
research hasors i.e. the intethe encompa
n mainly limitcorporate the te et al. [1,2]embedded strand self-symmto be seen th
upled with exa fashion so d routines.
formulation oocation of theation, accordin
downstream of thvortex core posit
ndaryfects o
os J. S. Ferre
ch Institute, Kelft.nl; 2Associa
rator,
undary erators scous-ate the re laid bstract.
rocess ctions. amics st of itively using
s shed erplay assing ted to effect , also ream-metric hough xisting
as to
of the e VG ng to
he VG, tion
indirapproprofimeasThiscodevelocboun
Fig
Thcompin-hoexpeDU-rwhiccamp
A
Thproje
R[1][2][3]
[4]
11th EAWE
Ses
y layerf vort
eira#2, Gerard
Kluyverweg 1, ate Professor; 3P
0,
.
rectly capturioach seeks neiles. For this, surements per
data will be modificationcity profiles andary layer dev
g. 2 Span-wise vover a VG-pa
IV. C
he final papparing the neouse RFOILrimental datarange of wind
ch have beepaigns at the T
ACKNOWLEDG
his work is paect.
REFERENCES C. M. Velte, M. C. M. Velte. AIAD. Baldacchino“Experimental iFluids, Article inTimmer WA, va488-496.
PhD Semina
ssion: Rotor D
r methex gen
d J.W. van Bu
2629 HS DelfProfessor (sectio
∀
, ∀
ng the preseew scaling lawhigh resolutio
rformed in [3]partially used
ns. Sample reare shown in Fvelopment is s
variation of the air span at four di
CONCLUSIONS
per and preswly implemencode, comp
a. Comparisond turbine airfoen measuredTU Delft low t
EMENTS
art-financed by
O. L. Hansen, anAA Journal, 51(2), D. Ragni, C.Jnvestigation of lon preparation. an Rooij RM. AS
ar on Wind E23-25
StuDynamics an
hod forneratoussel#3
ft, Netherlandon chair)
,
ence of the ws for actuateon Particle Im] for low profd to validate esults for theFig. 1 and theshown in Fig.
actuated boundadifferent streamwi
AND NEXT ST
sentation willented modellinpared with cns will also boils sporting vd in previoturbulence wi
y the Europea
nd V. L. Okulov. ):526–529, 2013.
J. Simão Fereiraow-profile vortex
SME. J. Sol. Ener
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam
r ors
ds.
(1)
VG. A seced boundary lmage Velocimfile VGs are u
the implemene controlled ae 3D nature of 2.
ary layer shape fise locations.
TEPS
l discuss resng scheme incurrent flat pbe made withvortex generatous experimeind tunnel [4].
an FP7 AVAT
JFM, 619:167, 2. , G.J.W. van Bux generators”, Ex
rgy Eng. 2003, 12
rope 2015
many mics
cond ayer
metry used. nted axial f the
factor
sults n the plate h the tors, ental .
TAR
008.
ussel, xp. In
25(4):
40
KeyTurMoboucomsignthesinteaccstatproloadrate(1Hpow[3].the aboturbturbAs CFDrarethe turbWeexpcreagivthe coneffeturbTheencconforcTheof cverychathatrepr
Howw
ywords – rbulence
odern wind undary layer mplex, turbulnificantly impse flow charermittent, nonounted for intistics have a cess, as theyds, which arees [2]. FurtherHz) these interwer output of . Thereby, strimpact of tur
out the flow cbines is not cabulence. proper modelD simulationse, our approaclaboratory for
bulence on wie present winposed to diffeated using an es the possibiinflow chara
ntrolled enviroects to gain a bbulent flows oe model turbicloses a torquensidered variabce of the turbie active grid, custom flow y low turbulen
aracteristics. Tt vary in theroduced in th
w diffewind tu
Jannik Sch
Model Win
turbines ope(ABL). The
ent wind copact their perracteristics ren-Gaussian stan industry sta
big impact oy lead to heae considered tr, it can be shrmittent charawind turbine
rengthening thrbulence on wcharacteristicsaptured by an
lling of turbules and suitable ch is to scale dr experimentaind turbines. nd tunnel testerent turbulenactive grid fo
ility to preciseacteristics andonment. Thisbetter underst
on wind turbinine used has e- and pitch cbles are the pine. which is showconditions innce intensitiesTherewith, dieir statistical he wind tunne
erent turbinehottler1, Agni
ForWind, Ce
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nd Turbine
erate within erewith, they
onditions, whrformance. A eveals that thatistics, whichandards [1]. on the wind avy fluctuatioto increase whown that foracteristics rems and even ofhe importancewind turbiness that significindustry-stan
ence remains data from fiel
down the situaal investigation
ts using a mnt inflow conor flow manipely tune singl
d (ii) the turbis allows an itanding of the nes.
a rotor diamcontrol systempower output,
wn in Fig. 1, n the wind tuns to numerousifferent wind description c
el. Upstream
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ieszka Höllinntre for Wind
länder Heerstr1jannik.sch
s, Active
the atmospy are exposeose characterproper analy
hey feature hh are currentlThese intermenergy conve
ons in mechawind turbine fr small time s
main evident if entire wind e of understan. Still, inform
cantly effects ndard descripti
problematic wld measuremeation in the fins on the imp
model wind tunditions, whicpulation. This le parameters ne parametersisolation of simpact of diff
meter of 0.58mm. In this study
torque, and
allows the crennel, ranging s different turb
speed time an be createdof the model
lent inn expeng, Nico Rei
d Energy Resea
raße 136, 261hottler@uni-old
Grid,
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mittent ersion anical failure scales in the farms
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Fig
REFE
[1]
[2]
[3]
11th EAWE
nflow cerimen
nke, Joachimarch, Univers
129 Oldenburgdenburg.de
ne, a hot wiultaneously wi
main focus oparison of thw conditionsse differencessification of nt intermittenne.
g. 1 Photograph oOldenburg. equipped wit
ERENCES
Morales, A., Wturbulence by hpp. 391–406. Tavner P., Qiu Awind turbine tur(2011): p. 149. Milan, P., Wächenergy”, Ph
PhD Semina
Session: Loa
conditntal apm Peinke, Misity of Oldenbu
g, Germany
re probe recoth the turbineof this study he turbine das. More precs are not capturbulence. Tnt flow char
of the active grid Stepper motors
th square plates fo
Wächter, M., and igher order statis
A., Korogiannos Arbulence and pitch
hter, M. and Peiys. Rev.
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuad Measurem
tions approac
ichael Höllinurg
ords the appa’s parametersis the statist
ata during dicisely, we coptured by an Therewith, wracteristics im
in the wind tunn control 16 ve
for flow manipula
Peinke, J., “Chastics,” Wind Ene
A., Feng Y.: Theh failure, Proceed
inke, J., “TurbulLett., 110,
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germments and Tes
affect ch ng
arent wind sp. tical analysis ifferent turbuompare scenaindustry-stand
we show to wmpact the w
el of the Universertical/horizontal ation.
aracterization of ergy, vol. 15.3 (2
correlation betwdings of EWEA
ent character of 138701 (2
rope 2015
many sting
peed
and ulent arios dard what wind
ity of
axis
wind 012):
ween
wind 2013).
41
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loadsimIECstatandextrdepdescomexpfrom
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Within the framuge measuremh a tripod foha ventus [2]olution 50Hz wind turbine
nding momentes the unique ds of an offrapolated load
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mulations afterasured instearposes will be
Once a reliabues, which wained by usi
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Extrapshore Wuttgart Wind E
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ds in order to , without proherefore, thetion method all contribute d extrapolatioxtrapolation of.
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difficulties thalated loads
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Sarah Energy @ Inst
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strain 5-116 farm
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xtreme em to
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prob
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11th EAWE
thods ine Exen Cheng aft Design, Un
uttgart, Germaart.de
imum methodlts presented h
study on thembel, Weibull)
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ce of the diimum load var
g. 1 Example offunctions.
ased on themmendationshore wind turb
REFERENCES International EleTurbines – Part2009 http://www.alph
0.510
-10
10-5
100
prob
abili
ty o
f ex
ceed
ance
PhD Semina
Session: Loa
for thxtreme
niversity of Stu
any
d or the peakhere are based e selection of ) as well as th
Moments, Maxi
short-term extment is shownistribution furies significan
a short-term ext
e results of for the extra
bines are to be
ectrotechnical Cot 3: Design requ
ha-ventus.de
normalized
Winds
Fore-Aft To
GEV, Max
Gumbel, MWeibull2, M
return perio
ar on Wind E23-25
Stuad Measurem
he Estie Loaduttgart
k over threshd on global maf the distributihe choice of timum Likelih
trapolation of n in Figure 1. Dunction the ently.
trapolation using
f this PhD apolation of e made.
ommission IEC/Tuirements for off
1to the highest val
speed: 20 m/s
ower Base Bendin
ximumLikelihood
MaximumLikelihooMaximumLikeliho
od: 50 years
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germments and Tes
imatiods
hold method. axima. ion function (the fitting methood Method)
the fore-aft toDepending onexpected 50-
g different distrib
project specextreme load
TC88 61400-3, “Wfshore wind turbi
1.5ue
ng Moment
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rope 2015
many sting
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The main goathodology thaire wind farm decisions anshore wind fare proposed fa
mited number rapolate the mng empirical teorological an
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havior. Data ver and is procThe current quencies, damments at the Tthe tower-TP ows monitorinculation of daerface connectduced a datab
different locatiFuture develogue life at odline [2]. While these essment of thrapolated to thal the monitor
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ws determinin[1] as wel
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me assessm
to develop a d fatigue life ort tool for enboth onshore
h is to instrumfleet leadersurbines in the
ctural inform
d at the NorthV112 3MW
orth Sea, 37 kd in 2014 an
situated at the accelerometertor their dynsly to an on
ng the resonll as the bennopile interfacntly the setupatigue life anthe aforementoing campaiganeous fatigue
ensing will aons such as a
nt for the fae results need rm. To achievalysed for diff
11th EAW
the cohore w
Nymfa Nopp
Vrije Unive
2, 1050 Brust.weijtjens@vub
ment,
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assess at the
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R[1]
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onsumwind tpe , Christof D
ersiteit Brus
ssels, Belgib.ac.be
ational cases elled case-by
eorological dumented, the ue life consparing these pfinal step the lts to the entire
his contributiression of fa
hodology to usumented turb
ADA, meteoroel the progreuated on two d farm. ey parametersrent operationas environme
farm. developed m
en fatigue asseluable tool for
ACKNOWLED
his research wO and IWT. wind for their
REFERENCESWeijtjens, W. anClassifying resowind turbine o , Iliopoulos, ADevriendt, Life sensor approach
eminar on
n: Load Me
med fatturbineDevriendt
sel
um
(e.g. parkedy-case using data at the
found model sumption of predictions tovalidated mo
e wind farm.
II. CONC
ion aims to atigue life inse the measurines, so calle
ological data ession of fatiinstrumented
s that need tonal conditionsental paramet
methodology wessment of anr decision supp
DGEMENTS
was made possThe author
r continued sup
S nd Shirzadeh, R. onant frequencieson a monopile f
. and Weijtjenstime assessment
h, C., EWEA Offs
Wind Ene23-25 Se
Stuttgeasurement
tigue les
d or rated pthe availabsite. As tw
l is validated f the other o the actual model allows t
CLUSION illustrate the
n an offshorerements of a led fleet-leadeand structura
igue life wasturbines in a
o be taken ints of the indivters such as t
will allow to n entire wind fport.
sible by grantrs would alsupport through
and De Sitter, Gs and damping vfoundation, EW
s, W. and Van of offshore foun
shore 2015, Cope
rgy in Euroeptember 20gart, Germats and Test
life of
power) and ble SCADA wo turbines by predictingfleet-leader
measurementsto extrapolate
e behavioure wind farmlimited numbeers, and availal informations introduced Belgian offsh
o account arevidual turbinehe turbulence
perform a dfarm and serv
ts provided byo like to th
hout this proje
G. and Devriendvalues of an off
WEA 2014, Barc
Hemelrijck, D. dations using a v
enhagen
ope 015 any ting
f
then and are
g the and
s. In e the
and m. A er of lable n to and
hore
e the es as es in
data-ve as
y the hank ect.
dt, C., fshore elona
and virtual
43
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§Diparti
Keywords – Wake Detection
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tance of 4D anent wake conturbine is simmodel. The
of Mann’s tuprovided by
RESULTS
in the two hohown in Figoverlap indi
f Partiaontrol b
Schreiber#1, S
Energy Institu
annstr. 15, 851johan
ogie Aerospaz
nd Speed Sen
he wind flowerized by a redntensity. In cnt, turbines m, an interactio
nd increased faformed by a ed effects [1]crucial to knoain objective otilizing the roy measuring
potential wake models, a closed loop nd reduced fa
n estimation oed by each bThose estimatecondition on
del, an out-of-t correlates bending momeion. Based onrent sectors oind speed (SEand right quades of the roto
mpingement. 3MW turbine
nd a variable lnditions. The mulated by ae wake inflourbulent windy the Larsen
orizontal sectog. 1. Each suicated by the
al Wakby AnStefano Cacc
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5748 Garchingnnes.schreiber@
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ke Imnalysis
ciola#, Carlo
he Universität
g b. Mü[email protected]
ico di Milano,
wing the lateraa lateral distanating outside
estimated ween -1D andor and the win
deficit is alsoed on those estlap between 0
g. 1 Estimation different wak
n addition to WS is validatedNREL CART3wind speed surements at dhe vertical srence. The ret and wind sprence to a vert
II
he presented mmation and wlts in a preli
mating the mer disc is also ve realistic waulations using ared. It is fuctor together w
m in a wind tuditions are mor
REFERENCES Knudsen, T., Bapower and fatiguBottasso, C. L., observer using f
PhD Semina
pingems of R
L. Bottasso#
t München
, Germany
, Via La Masa
al distance bence of 1.25Dthe influencewind speed
d 0D the waknd speed reduco well capturetimates it is p0.75D and 0.2
of the wind spke impingement c
simulation sd by evaluatio3 wind turbine
reference. different heighsectors are csults show gpeed estimateical (rather tha
I. CONCLUSIO
method of usiwake impingeniminary simuean wind spevalidated throake inflow aNREL’s SOWrther plannedwith a wind faunnel environmre easily deter
ak, T., Svenstrupue optimization”,Riboldi C. E. D
field test data”, Re
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession: Win
ment Rotor L
#§
a 34, 20156 M
etween rotor D the turbine
e of the wakeds have eqke center is imction due to thed by the windpossible to det25D on either
peed in two lateconditions.
studies, the eon of field mee. A nearby m
Because it hts, the wind compared wi
good correlaties, although i
han horizontal)
ON & OUTLOOK
ing blade loadnt detection
ulation study.eed in differeough field meaassessment, hWFA code ard to validate arm controllerment, where trmined than in
p, M., “Survey of, Wind Energy 20
D., “Validation ofRenewable Energy
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Farm Con
for Loads
Milano, Italy
and wake cene is more or e and accordinqual magnitmpinging the he wake is evid speed estimatect a partial wr side of the r
eral rotor sector
estimation of easurements f
met-mast is choonly prov
speed estimatith the met-mon between min this case w) shear.
K
ds for wind spshows promi
The methodent sectors ofasurements. Figh fidelity Lre currently bthe impingemr in a scaled wthe ambient wn the field.
f wind farm cont014 f a wind misaligny 74 298–306, 20
rope 2015
many ntrol
nter. less
ngly tude.
left dent. ator.
wake rotor
rs for
f the from osen
vides tions mast met-with
peed ising d of f the For a LES eing
ment wind wind
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With the grownsity of instaferent wind tu
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#Univ
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ach#1, Prof. P
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owing tween farms lot of wind
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11th EAWE
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Po Wen Chen
rt Wind Energ
uttgart, Germagart.de
n this work surements to chod uses theription to besptimization apherefore, the
is modelled ribing the wakwake of a 5 Mlts are presentrol ideas. Figthe model in
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PhD Semina
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ng#
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a method ischaracterize the internal mt fit the mode
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MW offshore wted and evaluagure 1 showsn the top row
II. CONC
enables to traties of the wa
d farm control
wind turbine. Th
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession: Win
farm c
s presented wthe wake and
model principel to the mea
t system and A kernel fun
on and the mixwind turbine ated with resps an exempla
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CLUSION
ack the wake ake and can bwhere the wa
he first row shows
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Farm Con
ontrol
which uses lits direction.
ple and a wasurements wi
the waked wnction is usedxing of the wis tracked andpect to wind fary reconstrucasurements in
centerline anbe a first step ake could acti
s the identified m
rope 2015
many ntrol
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lidar The
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45
KPar
T
Swthe whewakdueThifarmpowmax
Wadvtogformless
Cmaxthe resuconfarmof phav
Twithoutpthe calc
turb(1).
by Eat tof pbelo
conmax
Keywords – Wrticle Swarm
This work prearm Optimisafarm. The co
ere output of tke effects on e to wakes is cis model givesm. PSO is usewer for all theximum farm o
Wind turbinesvantages of ecether creates m of wake effs power than aConventionallximum possibwake effects
ult in maximntrollers need m controller wpower, to the ve to follow thThe aim of thh enough accput with realis
Jensen wakculation and P
The total winbines’ output. . Total wind faEq. (2), beinturbine is givpower is ow rated. ∑Now, if all
nditions with nximum achiev
_ _
D
Wind Farm COptimisation
esents a wind fation (PSO) fontroller uses the upstream tthe downstre
calculated usis wind speed aed to generatee turbines andoutput.
I. INTR
s are installedconomy of scaaerodynamic fects. Due to wa similar numbly wind turbble energy froon downstreamum farm to be develop
would provideturbine contro
hose referencehis work is tocuracy for mstic assumptio
ke flow modPSO [2] for ma
II. PROBLEM
nd farm poweThe output o
arm power witng the turbine ven by an. The free stre
the turbine
no wakes andvable combine ∑
DynamTanvir Ahm#School of E
Control, Coon, Power Max
farm controllefor maximisin
a coordinatedturbines is vaream turbines.ng the Jensenat different loe different sed select the on
RODUCTION
d together in wale. However,interactions a
wakes a windber of isolatedbines in a wom the wind wam turbines. Toutput. Ther
ped for coordie reference pollers and the
e points. o develop a f
maximising thons. The propodel [1] for waximizing the
M FORMULATIO
er is the sum of a wind turb
th N number ounder considend the correspeam wind spe∑s are operat
d at their maxed output is giv
mic Wimad*1, Peter
Engineering &
1tanvir.
ordinated Conximisation
er based on Pang power outpd control appried for minim The speed d
n wake flow mcations in thets of coefficiene which resu
wind farms to, installing turamong them i
d farm will prod turbines. wind farm ewithout considThis will not alrefore wind inated controloints - coefficturbine contr
fast farm conte total wind osed controllerwind speed dfarm output.
ON
of individual ine is given b
of turbines is eration. Wind ponding coeffed is assumed
ting in free imum ven by Eq. (3)
ind FaC. Matthews
& Computing S
Durham, UK.ahmad@durha
ntrol,
article put of proach mising deficit model. e wind ent of ults in
o take rbines in the oduce
extract dering lways farm
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r uses deficit
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given speed
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).
(3)
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ThTexaflow
A maxithe tucouldexamBraz
R[1][2]
11th EAWE
arm Cos*2, Behzad K
Sciences, Dur
UK am.ac.uk
The optimisatiween Eq. (2) a
, the objective∑III
n example arrosed controlle
W turbines. Thght line with stream wind
e interaction ction is pararoller could prol with these SO provides al optimum vage to find an
g. 1 Movement o
he results are as. An increass in crosswind
PSO basedimising the wurbines. T. It d be achieve
mple wind farmos, Texas win
REFERENCES Jensen, N.O., A Kennedy, J. aProceedings of 1995. Perth, Aus
PhD Semina
ontrolKazemtabrizi
ham Universi
ion problem and Eq. (3). e function beco∑I. RESULTS AN
ray of 7 wind er. All the turbhe turbines ara distance of speed is assuis consider
allel to the produce 2.2%settings. a solution wivalue. The poptimum valu
f PSO particles to
validated witse of up to 3d direction.
IV. CONC
d wind farm ind farm outpis found that
ed with this m. Results ar
nd farm.
note on wind genand R. Eberhar
IEEE internatiostralia
ar on Wind E23-25
StuSession: Win
ller i*3
ity
is to minimiIgnoring the omes as give
ND DISCUSSION
turbines is simbines are assu
are assumed toalmost 3D be
umed to be 1red assumingturbine array
% more than
ith less than particles take ue as can be s
owards optimum
th data from B% is achieve
CLUSION
m controller put with coord
an increase os controller fre validated w
nerator interactiort. Particle swaonal conference
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, Germnd Farm Con
ise the differeconstant term
in Eq. (4).
N
mulated usingumed to be NRo be located etween them. 5 m/s. Maxim
g that the wy. The propothe conventi
2 percent of20 iterations
een in Fig. 1.
Coefficients of p
Brazos wind fd when the w
is presented dinated controof up to 3 perfor the assu
with data from
n. 1983 arm optimization
on neural netw
rope 2015
many ntrol
ence ms -
(4)
g the REL in a The
mum wind osed onal
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for ol of rcent umed m the
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46
K
Ha T
forcBas
Tcapsustemidecof effibetwresemetdevexp
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TandsamdesThethe abo
Ta Mand
F
Tretu
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Keywords – mmerstein m
This paper prece of a singlesed Predictive
The last decadpacity of witainable enerissions [1]. A
creasing the cowind turbin
iciency of a ween single wearch aims to thod to contro
velop and valperiment with This paper densists of using
force of a scessary to undd how it will in
The lift force d hence the came time causes
irable in ordee lift force is wind speed,
out the axis aloThe lift force
MPC that goved the current li
Fig. 1 Control blo
The experimeurn subsonic w
Lift Fo
Wind enermodel, variabl
esents a new ce airfoil, usin
e Controller (M
I. INTR
des have faceind turbines, rgy supply long with thisost of energy
nes. When thwind farm
wind turbines combine MPCol such aerodlidate the protwo interactin
escribes the fig the proposedsingle airfoil.derstand the bnfluence the d
II. LIFT FOR
of a rotor blaptured energys the mechanier to output comainly determand can be in
ong the blade control loop i
erns the pitch ift force.
ock diagram of th
III. EXPERIM
ental study wwind tunnel.
rce Co#Institu
S
*CAP
rgy, lift forcle angle of att
concept for thng Galerkin mMPC).
RODUCTION
ed a big increamotivated
and reduceds growth comby e.g. increahinking abou
the aerodynhave to be co
C with Galerkdynamic interaoposed methong airfoils is cirst step of thd control stra Such primaehaviour of a
downstream ai
RCE CONTROL
lade determiny of the windical loads. A constant powermined by thenfluenced by (pitch) [4]. is shown in Fangle using a
e lift force
MENTAL SET-U
will be perforThe driving f
ontrolAline Aguia
ute of AutomatSteinbachstr.
1A.Aguiarda
PES Foundati
ce control, Mtack
he control of thmethod and M
ase in the insby the need
d greenhousemes the challenasing the efficut optimizingnamic interaconsidered [2].
kin model reduactions. In ordod, a fundam
chosen. his research, wategy to controry investigatistand-alone a
irfoil [3].
L
es the rotor td turbine and constant lift for and limit fa angle of attarotating the a
Fig. 1. It consilift force refe
UP
rmed in a clfan generates
l of a Sar da Franca
tic Control, R54 - 52074 Aa
ion, Ministry o
MPC,
he lift Model
stalled d for e gas nge of ciency g the ctions . This uction der to
mental
which ol the ion is airfoil
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orce is atigue. ack of airfoil
ists of erence
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speedflow
Fig
ThairfoconsiproduThe awallsto va
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A
ThfromScho
R[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
11th EAWE
Stand-a#*1, Dirk Abe
WTH Aachen achen - Germ
wth-aachen.de
of Education o
d up to 30m/sis considered
g. 2 Sketch of the
he test sectionils in a rowiderable amouuce a non-uniairfoils are cos of the test seary their pitch
n a next step tpredicting theil. Furthermo
n the first expd tunnel test riments with tansferred to re
ACKNOWLEDG
he author gram the RWTHolarship No. B
REFERENCES Manwell, J. F.Explained: TheoWest Sussex, EBartl, J., PierelArray of Two M2012 Klein, S., HoppAirfoil InteracMeasurements",doi: 10.2514/1.JBianchi, F. D., Systems: PrincAdvances in IndLadson, C.L., “ENumber on the 0012 Airfoil Sec
PhD Semina
-Alonel#
University any
of Brazil
s in the test sed incompressib
e up and downstre
n (Fig. 2) conw. The upstunt of the kiiform flow fiennected with ection, in ordeangle.
IV. FUTUR
he model usee disturbance re the experimperiments wit
section can the complete eal-time hardw
EMENTS
atefully acknoH Aachen UBEX 8999/13-9
, McGowan, J. ory, Design, and Angland, 2002 la, F., Saetran,
Model Wind Turb
pmann, D., Scholting with a V AIAA Journal,
J053441 De Battista, H.,
ciples, Modellindustrial Control, SEffects of Indepenlow Speed Aerod
ction”, NASA TM
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
e Airf
ection of the ble.
eam airfoils in the
nsists of two tream airfoilinetic energy eld for the doforce sensors er to measure
RE WORK
ed by the MPCinjected at
mental set-upth a single air
n be performset-up. The coware.
owledges the University an9.
G., Rogers, AApplication”, Joh
L., “Wake Mearbines”, Energy P
olz, P., and RadeVortical DisturbVol. 53, No. 6,
Mantz, R. J., “Wng and Gain Springer, 2006 ndent Variation odynamic Charact
M 4074, 1988
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPost
foil
wind tunnel.
e test section
NACA 0012l will extracin the wind
ownstream airand motors at the lift force
C will be capthe downstr
will be finisrfoil in an em
med, followedontroller will
supports offnd from CA
A. L., “Wind Enhn Wiley & Sons
asurements BehinProcedia 24, 305
espiel, R., "Highbance: Wind-Tupp. 1681-1692, 2
Wind Turbine CoScheduling Des
of Mach and Reynteristics of the N
rope 2015
many ter 1
The
2 [5] ct a and
rfoil. t the and
pable ream shed. mpty d by
also
fered PES
nergy s Ltd,
nd an 5-312,
h-Lift unnel 2015,
ontrol sign”,
nolds NACA
47
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 2
Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations
of generic 10 MW turbines Eva Jost
1, Thorsten Lutz, Ewald Krämer
Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart
Pfaffenwaldring 21, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany [email protected]
Keywords – Aerodynamics, CFD simulation, AVATAR reference wind turbine, DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine, power curve
I. MOTIVATION
One of the main focus points of today’s wind energy
research is the development of large Multi-Mega-Watt
turbines of 10 MW to 20 MW size. This trend is driven by the
ambition to reduce the overall cost of energy, which can be
achieved by increasing the power output per turbine at
moderate rise of manufacturing costs. Raising the rotor
diameter is one promising way for attaining this goal.
However, the development of these novel turbines is
connected to severe technical challenges. As simple up-
scaling will lead to heavy-weight rotors, new design
philosophies have to be applied. For the generic AVATAR [1]
and DTU 10 MW [2] reference wind turbines the rotor weight
was reduced by selecting thicker airfoils to increase the
moment of inertia and therefore blade stiffness.
II. REFERENCE WIND TURBINES
The DTU 10 MW turbine has a blade length of 89.15m and
was designed based on the FFA-W3-xxx airfoil family. At the
inner blade region, a rigid Gurney flap was applied to achieve
a higher aerodynamic performance [2]. The AVATAR rotor
blade is 102.88m long and consists of different DU profiles. In
terms of load reduction and wind farm aspects it is designed
as low induction blade.
III. COMPUTATIONAL SETUP
The present work researches the aerodynamic behaviour of
these turbines by means of CFD. Different operating
conditions were investigated in a 120-degree model with
periodic boundary conditions. The simulations have been
performed using the CFD code FLOWer, which was
developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) [3].
Steady and unsteady computations based on the Dual-Time-
Stepping Scheme were conducted. For turbulence modelling
the Menter-SST-model was selected and all simulations are
performed fully turbulent without transition.
The simulation mesh consists of four separate grids for
background, nacelle, spinner and blade, which are overlapped
using the CHIMERA technique. Grid resolution was
investigated in a convergence study which led to in total 15.42
millions cells for the AVATAR turbine and respectively 15.34
millions for the DTU 10 MW turbine.
IV. RESULTS
The power curve of the DTU 10 MW turbine is exemplarily
presented in this abstract and compared to the results provided
by DTU in [2]. In figure 1, a good accordance between the
results by FLOWer and EllipSys3D can be seen.
Fig. 1 Comparison of integral power and thrust for the DTU 10MW
turbine
Results of the AVATAR turbine will be shown in the final
paper. It will include a comparison of radial forces like
sectional torque/thrust and the pressure/friction distributions.
A comparison between steady and unsteady simulations will
be shown.
V. CONCLUSION
Although integral power and thrust agree well, differences
occur at the blade root. Large-scaled separation is dominant
there resulting in load fluctuations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
For providing their resources the authors gratefully thank
the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart and the
AVATAR project for funding.
REFERENCES
[1] G. Sieros et al.; AVATAR Deliverable D1.2 Reference Blade Design;
January 2015; www.eera-avatar.eu
[2] C. Bak; F. Zahle; R. Bitsche; T. Kim; A. Yde; L.C. Henriksen; P.B. Andersen; A.. Natarajan, M.H. Hansen; “Design and performance of a
10 MW wind turbine”; http://dtu-10mw-rwt.vindenergi.dtu.dk
[3] N. Kroll; J. Fassbender; “MEGAFLOW – Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design”; Springer Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg/New York;
ISBN 3-540-24383-6; 2002
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ACKNOWLED
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REFERENCES G.B.Eke, J.I. using Genetic A. Al-Abadi, Aerodynamic Wind TurbineJ.Hajek. Paraaerodynamic o
Gen
Y
1youjin.k*A
– Airfoil, Gization, Wi
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increase Hperformance. esign methode Matched Aegenerated bla
ution. eived GA oin a span-wis
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upported by Bth Korea.
Onyewundiala. algorithm,(2010)Ö. Ertunc, H. WPerformance Ans. WIND ENERGameterization ooptimization, (200
netic Algor
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Busan-Brain 2
Optimization of)
Weber, A. Delgadnalysis Method fGY (2013) of Airfoils and07)
rithm witfor HAW
1, Minjun Kim
of Fluid Mech
tutes of Fluid Mnjswnsaos@gm
llege of Engin
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ethod and am[1] have xis Wind Tu
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irfoil profileo calculate thehe drive torqur minimizingizing the p
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ACKNOWLEDG
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REFERENCES M. H. Hansen. Wind Energ. 20P. Zhang, S. H.Current Status, R2011, 5(4): 419–G. C. Larsen, MWind Turbine BD. J. Ewins. MoEdition, 2000.
PhD Semina
ind tur
ua University
100084 China
iversity of Den
approaches, nt and mode s
nd turbine rotor w
rods in the romode is 46.3
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III. CONC
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Aeroelastic Inst07; 10:551–577. Huang. ReviewResearch Focus a–434. M. H. Hansen, A
Blades. Risø–R–1odal Testing: The
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blade system r is mounted odal testing mdamper on th
per brings disystem, which
CLUSION
ing results ofe potential fune blade. The priate chosen
heir appreciatisit in Techniructions fromf structural dyn
tability Problems
w of Aeroelasticiand Future Persp
A. Baumgart, etc181, 2002. eory, Practice and
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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blade
es of frequeblade system w
nd modal testing
the frequencared with the e 34.70 Hz, ping coefficieny introducingrises up to 2.together with
method to illuste vibration ofcrepancies of
h will be stu
f the novel bnction of rods
damping of parameters of
tions to Tsingical Universit
m Professor Snamics theory
s for Wind Turb
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REFERENCES
chepers J. G.: Doctoral Thesis, 2Hauptmann S., BüKühn M., Cheng method and the bloads of multi-MW
Wind 2012, JournaGupta V., W.AAerodynamic ModD. Marten, J. W
aschereit: QBladorizontal and ver013, ISSN: 2250–
Garrel, van, A, imulation Modulchepers, J.G., et
Analysis of Mexicimms D., Schre
Aerodynamics ExComparison of PNREL/TP-500-294
PhD Semina
for unsVAWT#
ermany
specially the cys an importad of modellin
he wake is momon vortex noand the attachattachment/de
rent strategiesn the wake, w
hreading is usection step to
e integrated Lpublished dat7] experimentng line for bomade availablee.
during an unstead
Engineering mo012, TU Delft ülk M., Schön LP.W.: Comparisoade-element-mom
W wind turbines;al of Physics: Con
A.A.M.Bierboomsdelling on Aero-Eendler, G. Pechl
de: an open sourrtical axis wind tu–2459 “Development
e”, ECN Report, al.: “Final report
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ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
steadyT turb
choice of elemant role for tng the wake
odelled via vorodes. The conhed vortex lineetachment schs to limit thewhile still med during the o increase thLLT methodta from the M
nt. The new veoth vertical ane to the publi
dy lifting line sim
odels in wind e
L., Erbslöh S., Boon of the lifting-mentum theory re; The Science of nference Series 5s, F.Grasso: ImElastic Simulationlivanoglou, C. Nrce tool for desiturbines, IJETAE
of a Wind TuECN-C—03-079
t of IEA Task 29easurements, ECNM., Fingersh Lhe NASA-AmesMeasurements, 2enewable Energy
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPost
y liftinbines
ment for the whe computatiwith rectang
rtex line elemnectivity betwes is tracked wheme. This alle number of
maintaining a hcalculation of
he computatiwas thoroug
MEXICO [6] ersion of QBlnd horizontalic under the o
mulation
energy aerodyna
oorsma K., Grass-line free vortex egarding the simu
Making Torque 555 (2014) mpact of Advan, TU Delft, ECNN. Nayeri und Cgn and simulatio
E, 3:264-269, Feb
urbine Aerodyna9, 2003. , Mexnext (PhaseN-E-12-004, 201.J.: NREL Unsts Wind Tunnel2001, NREL ReLaboratory, USA
rope 2015
many ter 7
ng
wake onal
gular ments ween with lows free high f the onal ghly and
lade, axis
open
mics;
so F., wake
ulated from
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amics
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REF
[1]
O
Keywords – A
is paper presenle wind turbinirably have sied multi-poin
e StrathAd codh low Reynolofoil shape paacks for the pafull scale wind
e Primary objformance andlicate the aerorithm have btching solutio
mensional aerole one, whichure the robuimisation.
order to use veloped for eaadded to the co
FERENCES
Martin S., DModelle, 5
Optim
Aerofoil, mul
nts the investine blades. Theimilar or even
nt aerofoil desi
de was develods number. Tharameterisatioarticular Reynd turbine blade
jective of a wd the structurrodynamic resbeen presentedon using thruofoils, which hh is called muustness and ad
the SrathAd ch operating pode and the pr
Day A.H. A M50th3AF Inte
misatioCha
#CDT for Wi
1chan
ltipoint genet
igation on suie developed pn better aerodign and uses g
oped in [1] anhe code uses m
on and XFOILnold number. Tes.
wind or tidal al strength arsponse of cord in the litera
ust coefficienthave same lift
ulti-point desigdaptability, s
code for full point, which irofiles develop
Multi-point Pernational Co
Aeroon for
andra Pun#1,
ind and Marin
ndra.pun@strath
ic algorithm,
itability of usiprofiles are codynamic perfogenetic algorit
nd can be usedmulti-point lif
L (a 2-dimensiThis paper ass
turbine bladere optimised. rresponding fuatures. Due tot by itself is t coefficient agn approach. earch based
scale wind tncorporates thped are assess
Performance Mnference on
ofoil DWindSteven Mart
ne Energy Sys
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I. I
The design ociplinary appr
me time satisfcost of ene
uirements, a imality in f
ploited by usinile at the sam
d ultimate loadergy productioen the aeroelathe cost of en
m of this woromatically as this end, we uich is able
multaneously tckness of the scifically adap
II. F
The free-formving an aerorate, the 2D mputed by a vver is employ
blade, from P are estimated on a 1D bemass and stiffntions by a 2ows for a deta
section and oterial. From quencies of thuctural elemenameters are adel [3], which
Free-f
imento di Scie
rgy Institute,
Blade desi, Cost of ener
n Rotors (LIRnergy yield ofgn methodoa 10 MW roto
ould also lead
INTRODUCTIO
of a modern roach, since
fy a variety oergy as low
LIR is confavour of reng a larger ro
me time reducds. These fea
on and/or possastic implicatiergy needs to
rk is to study the result ofuse here an aue to minimthe shape ofstructural mem
pted to the blad
REE-FORM DE
m algorithm o-structural oaerodynamic
viscous panel yed for the com
which the pted. The struceam model coufness. The latte2D sectional ailed represen
of the laminatithis model
he blade, the lont, as well asaccounted fo
h eventually dr
form d
enze e Tecnolo
Technische U
ign, Lightwergy
R) have been f large wind tulogy is emor, in order tod to a reduct
ON AND MOTIV
wind turbinethe ideal sol
of physical coas possible.
nceived to tduced loadin
otor than in a cing the growtures could lesibly to a lightions of a large be thoroughly
y if LIR conff a cost-of-enutomated free-
mize the Cof the blade (mbers, as wellde [2].
ESIGN METHOD
manages theoptimization p
coefficients method. Thenmputation of
power curve actural descriptupled to a spaer are determiFinite-Eleme
ntation of theion sequence,it is possibleocal state of s the total blar in the overrives the optim
designL. Sartori#1,
ogie Aerospaz1luc
Universität Mü
eight rotor,
proposed as aurbines [1]. Hmployed for o evaluate if ation in the co
ATION
requires a mlution must aonstraints and
To satisfytrade aerodynng. This ma
traditional dewth of both faead to an incrter rotor. Hower rotor, the imy investigatedfigurations em
nergy optimiz-form methodoE by desi(chord, twist)l as a set of ai
DOLOGY
e blade desigproblem. At of the airfoiln, a classical the Cp-λ curvand eventualltion of the blaan-wise distribined at a numbnt method, w
e internal layo including thee to computstress/strain inde mass. All rall cost-of-emization proce
n of loA. Croce#, C
ziali, Politecnca.sartori@polim
ünchen, Boltzm
Low
a way Here, a r the a LIR ost of
multi-at the
d keep these
namic ay be esign, atigue reased wever, mpact d. The merge zation. dology, igning ), the irfoils
gn by each
ls are BEM
ves of ly the ade is bution ber of which out of e core te the n each
these energy ess.
ThrotorAEPin tethus of a g
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ThINNW
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he free-form r blade. Resul is maximizedrms of the cothe increased greater energy
n general, it wae aerodynamiction ones. cally achievedthe rest of the
g. 1. Blade planfo
IV. CO
n this work, ce the CoE o
anded in the ating the analyder to gain a beover, some lvercome. In p
he individual ws one to evaerials in the co
ACKNOWLEDG
he present wWIND projec
REFERENCES Chaviaropoulostowards large(r)Vienna, AustriaBottasso, C.L., Crotor blades”, J.
PhD Semina
ductionso*#
, Via La Masa
5, 85748 Garc
III. APPLI
methodology lts show that d. However, thost of energy. blade mass, p
y capture. as observed thically-efficienFurthermore,
d when the ae blade.
orm shapes for dif
ONCLUSIONS A
we investigatf large wind continuation
yses with a mbetter insight iimitations of
particular, the materials is o
aluate the impost of energy.
EMENTS
work is suppt.
, P. K., Beursken) rotors – is tha
Croce, A., SartorPhys. Conf. Ser.
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
n rotor
a 34, 20156 M
ching b. Münc
ICATIONS
has been appa LIR emerg
his is not the In fact, the l
partially hinde
hat optimizingnt solutions,
the best cairfoils are op
fferent optimizat
AND FUTURE W
ted LIRs andturbines. Thi
n of this resmore accurate
into the physithe current c ability to acc
of paramount pact of differe
ported in p
ns, H. J. M., Vouat a good idea?”
ri, L., Grasso, F.,, 2014; 524(1) 01
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPost
rs
Milano, Italy
chen, Germany
plied to a 10Mges when the optimum solularger radius, ers the advanta
g the CoE leadinstead of lost reductionptimized toge
ion strategies.
WORK
d their abilityis activity wilearch projectoptimization tical design dricost model shocount for the importance, a
ent choices of
art by the
utsinas, S.G., “Mo”, Proc. EWEA 2
“Free-form desi12041
rope 2015
many ter 9
y
MW sole
ution and
ages
ds to low-n is ether
y to ll be t by tool, ivers. ould cost as it f the
FP7
oving 2013,
gn of
55
A
K
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Howin twinwayshasincrotobladalso A fthe shoaeroBEMstrudiffincowhian eis ccurv Theliftihorboulinethe replThiwhibladsaticomvelovelo
Aerod
1Delft Univ
Keywords – rved Blade.
w to increasethe turbine loand turbine techy of increasin
apes for windce the blade or loads that de cost can bo expected by
feasible alterncurved blade
own in Figure odynamic calM (Blade Ele
ucture airfoil ferent from toming flow. Wich any blade excessive comchosen in thived blades.
e lifting line cing line theorseshoe vertexund vortex on es. Weissingeblade is dividlaced by a hois discrete moich makes thede in this papeisfying the mponents perpocity U , bladocity U shou
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ded into severorseshoe verteodel is applice code suitaber. The bound
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TRACT
capture abilityare always there energy can urbine scale. Ades has gaineexpected to h fatigue prob
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innovation of also known astudy[1] has
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as input ofmic airfoil s
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shown that fode, the accuradecreased sincf a BEM coshape seen bydel, panel modto account, lealifting line mal investigatio
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lifting line caerodynamic ppared with exr. Though arovement is naratory study paring the dise of this ce, and the resct on reducingmization analyeffects on powd conditions.
Fig
he first authort from Chin
Wang, Z., FereModeling of thProceedings of France, 2014. Hegberg, T., DModelling for E10th PhD Semin
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xperimental macceptable renecessary to of the Sandia
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ACKNOWLE
hor gratefullyna Scholarship
REFE
ede, E. A., van he Aerodynamic 10th PhD Semina
De Breuker, R., Equal Fidelity Anar on Wind Ene
ar on Wind E23-25
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Using
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nd calculatevortex is det
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measurements esults are aget more ac
a STAR bladenormal force with the val
at the curved her studies wietric curvatureand sensitivity
Blade Geometr
EDGEMENTS
y acknowledp Council.
ERENCES Bussel, G. J. WCharacteristics
ar on Wind Energ
van Bussel, G. Aeroelastic Analyergy in Europe, O
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
Liftin
S Delft, The
ed by the lawtermined, theski theorem.
ped to investiades. The codfor the MEX
achieved, furcurate results
e is carried ou and tangen
lues of a strablade has a g
ill focused one of the blade, y to the unste
ry
ge the finan
W., “Increased Oof Flexible Bla
gy in Europe, Orl
J. W., “Aerodynysis”, Proceeding
Orleans, France, 2
rope 2015
many er 10
ng
w of e lift
igate de is ICO rther s. A ut by ntial aight good n the
and eady
ncial
Order ades”, leans,
namic gs of 2014.
56
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 11
Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions
O. Yirtici1, S. Ozgen1, I. H. Tuncer1
1Middle East Technical University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]
Keywords – CFD, BEM, Atmospheric Icing, Ice Accretion Prediction
ABSTRACT
Ice accretion on the blades change the initial shape and this cause alteration in the aerodynamic characteristic of the blades. The objective is to predict the shapes of the iced blade section of the turbine blade under atmospheric icing conditions. The Blade Element Momentum method will be employed together with an ice accretion prediction model in order to estimate the energy production of wind turbines both for iced and clean blades. It is observed that amount of accreted ice increases when the relative velocity increases or when local chord length decreases along the span-wise of the turbine blade.
INTRODUCTION
In winters, the wind turbines are exposed to heavy atmospheric icing conditions. Atmospherics icing causes power losses since ice accretion on blades changing the clean blade aerodynamic characteristics and creates instrument or controller errors on wind turbines. The amount of wind power losses depend on the amount of ice accumulation on the blades, blade design and turbine control. In addition, the ice accumulation on blades reduces the torque.
Ice accretion prediction involves complex physics comprising aerodynamics, heat transfer and multiphase flow, which are all time dependent and involve geometric deformation. The numerical method employed in this study predicts the ice accretion on aerodynamic surfaces as a result of water droplets hitting on the surface iteratively. It employs the general methodology for the simulation of ice accretion on airfoils, which is based on the successive calculation of air flow, water droplet trajectories, collection efficiency, heat transfer balance and accreted ice.
Preliminary ResultsIce prediction code was used to predict 2D ice profile
shapes on the blade at three different span-wise locations for the Aeolos-H 30kW wind turbine. Operating conditions shown in table 1.
Table 1. Parameters used to define icing profiles
Predicted ice shapes for span-wise r/R = 0.15, 0.7 and 0.95 can be seen in Figure 1. The shape grows with increasing span due to the increasing sectional velocity and decreasing sectional chord length. Results show that the change caused by ice accretion degraded the aerodynamic performance of the blade, especially near the tip section.
Figure 1. Predicted ice profiles at three span-wise locations for conditions in Table 1.
CONCLUSION
Obtained preliminary results are analyzed and commented. It is seen that predicted ice shape grows with increasing span due to the increasing sectional velocity and decreasing sectional chord length. Results show that the change caused by ice accretion degraded the aerodynamic performance of the blade. In the full paper key results and conclusions will be presented.
57
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 12
Comparison of different rotating modellingtechniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation
Ye Zhang#1, Alexander van Zuijlen, Gerard van Bussel #Aerodynamics,Wind Energy and Flight Performance and Propulsion, Delft University of Technology
Kluyverweg 1, 2629HS Delft, The [email protected]
Keywords – Wind turbine simulation, OpenFOAM,MEXICO rotor, Multiple Reference Frame (MRF), SlidingMesh (SM)
I. INTRODUCTION
The increasing computer power over recent years enablescomputational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique to perform highfidelity full 3D simulation for wind turbine. By numericallyperforming a three-dimensional simulation on a wind turbine ,more flow physics in the vicinity of wind turbine blade can beinvestigated, such as 3D flow phenomena, laminar toturbulence transition[1], blade/tower interaction. To model therotating flow induced by the wind turbine rotor in CFD,several methodologies are available. One relatively simple androbust method is Moving Reference Frame (MRF), which isalso known as “frozen rotor” simulation. The rotating effect ofthe rotor is achieved by adding Coriolis and centripetal forcesto the momentum equations in MRF zone. The MRF methodassumes a weak interaction between the rotating andstationary part. The other method is Sliding Mesh (SM), usinga sliding interface technique to solve the unsteady stronginteraction between the rotating and stationary part. Theunsteadiness and interaction between rotor and stator can beresolved and therefore this method has a better accuracy. Inpractise, MRF approach is a commonly used approach in 3Dwind turbine rotor simulation under axial flow condition witha steady-state solver for saving the computational time if thetower is not modelled in the simulation.
However, it is still not clear and debatable whether MRFapproach performs well, especially in the conditions of highrotational speed and high wind speed. Therefore, it is essentialand meaningful to determine the relative difference betweentwo approaches for predicting wind turbine rotoraerodynamics. In this paper, both MRF and SM methods areevaluated by predicting the aerodynamics of a small scalehorizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with different tip speedratios in terms of computational accuracy and physical reality.The numerical results obtained from both modellingtechniques will be validated with the available experimentaldata, including the overall performance thrust and torque,detailed normal and tangential force distribution along theblade. Apart from that, the computed velocity deficit in thenear wake will also be compared.
II. NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY
The computation solves the finite volume-basedincompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)equations. The open source code: OpenFOAM-2.2.1 is
employed in the present study. The k- SST turbulence modelɷis used to close the equation system. The convection terms arediscretised by a second-order accuracy numerical schemes. Inorder to eliminate the tower influence, only isolated windturbine rotor is modelled in all simulations.
Fig. 1 Axial velocity distribution with MRF approach
Fig. 2 Axial velocity comparison with experiment with MRF approach
III. REFERENCES
[1] Langtry, R. B., Janusz Gola, and F. R. Menter. "Predicting 2D airfoiland 3D wind turbine rotor performance using a transition model forgeneral CFD codes." AIAA paper 395 (2006): 2006.
58
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ACKNOWLEDG
he present invK 780 projectman ResearchUlrike Corderimental resulcomputationa
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HPC.
REFERENCES
] N. KroNumerical Springer V540-24383
] J. Benek"Chimera: Ames Rese
] I. B. CeColeman uand reportCFD applTransaction
] A. FiscHufnagel Numerical for Wind TWind EnerBremen, G
PhD Semina
of an acylindiversity of Stu
many
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Foundation (es from TU Dlts. The simulaal resource bience, Resea
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k, J. Steger, A Grid-Em
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elik, U. Ghia, und P. E. Raing of uncertlications", Jons of the ASM
her, T. Lutzund C. T
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P. J. Roacheaad, "Procedutainty due to
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z, E. KrämerTropea, "Exof Turbulent Iils", accepted ce DEWEK, 1ference procee
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
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R[1]
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ects oferactin. Uzol#*2
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he experimentan exit diam
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REFERENCES Adaramola Meffects on wi86. doi:10.10
Toloui M, Chbehind a 2.5M2015;143:10
Anik E, Abdcontrol of theperformance 2014;524:01
Abdulrahim Wake Flow FInjection n.d
PhD Semina
f Tip Ing Win
versity (MET
WIND)
I. EXPERIMEN
ts are performeter of 1.7 m.as well as a 4
ffusion angle.led in the straielocity can reity is about 2ar horizontal a
m will be hub and rot
surized air ining. The turb
he exit of open
wo model hoxit of open jet
III. CONC
s to experimenblades of an uhe performan exit of an ope
MS, Krogstad PÅind turbine perfor016/j.renene.2011
hamorro LP, HonMW wind turbine5–12. doi:10.101
ulrahim a, Ostovae tip vortex: an excharacteristics of2098. doi:10.108
A, An E, Uzol OField of a Model W.:1–10.
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
Injectind Tu
TU), Ankara
NTAL FACILITY
med in an opem. The wind tu
4.3 meter long. There are twight section jureach about 12.5% at the axis wind turbutilized in e
tor are designjection from bines will ben jet tunnel as
orizontal axit wind tunnel.
CLUSION
ntally investigupstream modnce of a similen jet wind tu
Å. Experimental inrmance. Renew E1.01.024.
ng J. Detection ofe. J Wind Eng Ind6/j.jweia.2015.05
van Y, Mercan B, xperimental invesf a model turbine
88/1742-6596/524
. Experimental InWind Turbine Ro
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
ion onurbines
, Turkey
Y
en jet wind tuunnel has a 1.g circular diffo screens and
ust before the 12.5 m/s and exit of the wbines with a rexperiments. gned to have
blades tip we positioned s shown in Fig
s wind turb.
gate the effectdel horizontal lar turbine pla
unnel.
nvestigation of waEnergy 2011;36:2
f tip-vortex signatd Aerodyn 5.001.
Uzol O. Active stigation on the e. J Phys Conf Ser4/1/012098.
nvestigation of thotor with Tip
rope 2015
many er 14
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In recent yearonomical renew introduced itential problem. may occur du
In this paper tdes wind turb
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Fig. 1 Model mouRotating dowind tunne
The main goeraction (FSI)ing on the b
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The geometricdel with towee into accounnel entrance
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Wind Turbinage, transien
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I. PROBLE
the numericalbine model isleted at the N
gy (NTNU) have been p[1]. They all
ct the loads achows photograe wind tunnelate icing.
unted in the wind omain around theel (right)
oal of the wo) to evaluate blades. The ply simulate theinclude differeffect of the
h low Reynomodels (RANS
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N. Tabataba
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Norwegian Unon this t
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tunnel (left) e blades, inside th
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METHODS
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niversity of Scturbine. Diff
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nd Technology
meters (1m) upectively. A muvated during onary (wind tuFig. 1 (right)el inlet, similifferent mesh
quality strucerent configurwall function o y+<1.
merical simulater. Both steaducted. For theng interface hke into accounains is also pselected for
kward Euler sNS equations.
function wasvergence criter
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he performancrotor is prediidered to simthe stationaryration and thrent methodsimportance orimental datahe aim of th
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ormance is goi
REFERENCES Krogstad, P-A,performance anRenewable Ener
PhD Semina
s of a
-O Aidanpää
y of Technolog
Sweden
y, Norway
pstream and dultiple frame o
the simulatunnel) and ro. The uniformarly to the ex
hing software ctured hexaherations of the bor complete re
tions are perfady state ande steady state ahave been connt the variatioerformed. Higthe spatial discheme for tShear stress t activated to ria was set tonumerical res
of the test tts as the repfferent tip spe
III. CONC
ce of the modicted through
mulate the rotay flow insidehe thrust forc
assuming steof transient ef
available. his project haind turbine, win order to mo
he blade bodieing on.
, Adaramola, Mnd wake develorgy, 50(2013), 32
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
Mode
ä1
gy
downstream oof reference (tion for accotating (wind m inlet flow xperiments.
have been thedral grid foboundary layeresolution of th
formed using nd transient s
analysis, froznsidered. Traons of relativegh resolution iscretization athe temporal transport modmodel the tur
o root-mean-ssults are comtunnel availabpresentatives
eed ratios
CLUSION
del turbine andh a numericaating domain e the wind tuce are calculeady and tranffects is evalu
as been to lwhich can accumodel icing in tes and its effe
M., “Blind test opment for a m25-333
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
el Win
of the rotor pl(MFR) model commodatingturbine) domais applied at
ested to geneor this geomeer are investighe boundary l
Ansys CFX simulations wen rotor and s
ansient simulae positions of advection schand second odiscretization
del with automrbulent flow. quared value mpared with ble, regarding
of the mac
d wake formedal study. MFR
around the bunnel. The polated through nsient simulatuated against
launch a reliurately predictthe next step. cts on the turb
calculations ofmodel wind turb
rope 2015
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ains, t the
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gated, ayer
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61
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 16
Improving wind climate estimation using one-way coupled meso- to microscale models Bjarke Tobias Olsen1, Jake Badger, Andrea Hahmann, Dalibor Cavar, Jakob Mann
#Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark [email protected]
Key words: Wind Climate, Resource assessment, Meso-
to microscale coupling, WRF, RANS
I. INTRODUCTION
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, commonly referred to as “Mesoscale” models, are typically run with a horizontal resolution of 1-5 km. This means that they are unable to accurately capture small-scale effects of orography and surface roughness variation, which means that wind climate estimations using mesoscale models only can have large errors in undulating terrain, near coastlines and around forested sites. Stability effects can enhance these errors.
During the first part of this study an analysis of mesoscale models are undertaken. In the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) Benchmarking Exercise output from more than 20 different mesoscale models is analysed. In figure 1 the bias of the average wind speed at several heights for 20 different mesoscale models are shown at the two sites Høvsøre and Cabauw for the year 2011. While the mesoscale models generally do well for these relatively uncomplicated sites, they still show errors of the average wind speed of 10% in many cases.
To achieve more accurate estimations of the local wind climate in these areas it is necessary to use downscaling techniques that are able to take into account the small scale effects as well. A common technique to achieve this is to couple a mesoscale model with a microscale model. In Badger et al. (2014)1 the output from a mesoscale model is used to generate wind speed frequency distributions for a number of wind direction sectors and these are then used to create input for the linearized flow model the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (www.WAsP.dk). While the approach in Badger et al. (2014) is based on a statistical-dynamical coupling technique, several attempts of dynamical coupling of meso and microscale models have been made (see Castro et al., 20142, Zajaczkowski et al., 20113)
During this study several statistical-dynamical and dynamical coupling methods will be compared for wind climate estimation in complex terrain. These will include statistical coupling of mesoscale output data to linearized flow models and RANS microscale models, as well as fully dynamical coupling of WRF and URANS microscale models.
Results of the EWEA mesoscale benchmarking exercise as well as initial results of ongoing meso- to microscale downscaling experiments will be shown.
REFERENCES [1] Badger J., Frank H., Hahmann A. N., Giebel, G. ”Wind-Climate
Estimation Based on Mesoscale and Microscale Modeling: Statistical–Dynamical Downscaling for Wind Energy Applications”, 2014
[2] Castro F., Silva Santos C., Lopes da Costa J. ”One-way mesoscale-microscale coupling for the simulation of atmospheric flows over complex terrain”, 2014
[3] Zajaczkowski F., Haupt S., Schmehl K., ”A preliminary study of assimilating numerical weather prediction data into computational fluid dynamics models for wind prediction”, 2011
Figure 1. Bias of the average windspeed for 20 different mesoscale (red), the average (blue) and the best model (green)
models for several heights at the coastal mast at Høvsøre, Denmark and the onshore mast at Cabauw, The Netherlands
62
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his project isd Energy (R
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REFERENCE
[1] Kerschen Gfor Dynamical Systems: An Ov
PhD Semina
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Ismail H. Tu
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vectors corresused for the the approxim
or the reconstrwhich are a
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verview, 2005
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
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ACKNOWLEDG
like to acknowort of the Frau
rences J. Vilà-Guerau Stratum, K. vanAir Chemistry Press, United St
P. Sagaut, “LargSpringer, ISBN-
S. Heinz, “UnifPDF simulation(2007), 99–118.
S. B. Pope, “TISBN- 9780521
Urban Svenssonmodel for canopAerodynamics, 3
PhD Semina
lidatiohastic
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H ̈ggkvist. “A twal of Wind Engin211.
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ACKNOWLEDG
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REFERENCES F. Pierella , P-Åin-line model wvarious rotationa P-Å. Krogstad, of the performaoffset model win R. Wagner et measurement –Phys.: Conf. Ser
z/R
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a
−1 0
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PhD Semina
the pemodeln1
ørn Hejes Vei 2
eals significaing downstreanstream is clby the tip vort
mensionalized menergy k/Uref
2 in the
of the near-flow to the samdifferences in
ne setup the oine is trendinasing turbine s
III. CONC
served that vboth turbinesinsignificantlyn of this miations from th
to the perfuniform in
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Å. Krogstad, L. Sæwind turbines whe
al speeds” Renew
L. Sætran, M.S. ance and wake nd turbines”, Jour
al, “Rotor equicomparative ex
r. 524 012108, 20
f at 5D downstream, shear inflow
1 2
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n the vertical woptimal tip sing towards separation dist
CLUSIONS
variations fros influence y. This impli
model test cahe optimum roformance chanflow revealseffect on the he effect of wce is rather ins
like to thankoperation betwdy possible, is
ætran “Blind test ere the downstreawable Energy, 70,
Adaramola, “Bldevelopment be
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
mance ne
dheim, Norwa
zing of the wThe near-wakated by turbun in Fig.2.
mean/Uref and turbstream of turbine
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Keywords – bulence, wak
In the presentder to descrwnstream stat
wake physicin a wind fa
ect downstreaareness of theke become essThe study is el from the wie (high).
I.
The experimeiversity of Scoratories. The2] and it is 1≈0.9 [m]) is usdescribed in [
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and 9D), b=0.5%) and in
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pansion of thnstant velocityween the waks more gradua
Wafor
Wind turbinke developme
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ENTS DESCRIPT
is carried outchnology (NThas a cross seng [1]. A mvestigation an
hub height of ve flow velociEq. 2) are anistances behinw backgroundground turbul
e turbine runnlevel is creategrid installed
RESULTS
s shown in (TI=0.5%). M
velocity dewake through
feeding prolimits are w
ut at 3D thee stream is ab
o the physical
velopmrent flccotti#, Andr
rtment of Ene
74911j
nel, wind en
dy is carried oment at diffunderstandingwake analysisother and diIn this cont
of a single tu
urbulence intesimilar-atmosp
TION
t at the NorwTNU) aerodynection of (2.7 x
model wind tud its character
f the turbine usty (Urel, Eq. 1nalysed in se
nd the turbined turbulence ence level (TIing at TSR=6
ed in the tunnat the test se
(1)
(2)
Fig. 1 for aMoving downs
eficit recoverh the shear oduces the well defined e transition rbrupt, while fophenomena.
ment blow inrea Spiga#, Ja
ergy and Proce
1 Trondheim, an.bartl@ntnu.
nergy,
out in fferent g into s rises irectly text a urbine
ensity pheric
wegian namic x 1.8) urbine ristics
sing a 1) and everal e (3D,
level I = 10% 6. The nel by ection
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cit shows aogeneous tunstream distans a conseque
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m near to far whe turbulence y-feature in th
ACKNOWLEDG
he authors peration.
REFERENCES Per-Åge Krogstaperformance anRenewable EnerL.J. Vermeer, aerodynamics. P
PhD Semina
d a turrbulenars Sætran#
ng, NTNU
e intensity ws to focus on
velocity profilturbulence level.
ysis are perfots of the waa real case (atlocity and thean earlier G
urbulence intnces. nce, the neare reality [2].
III. CONC
ements revearadial expansilence. The hivery and the
h turbulence flake. intensity backe wake develo
EMENTS
would like
ad and Pål Egil End wake develorgy, 50(0):325–33J.N. Sørensen, a
Progress in Aerosp
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
rbine nce.
analysis revn the near-far w
les at 3D, 5D,Turbine TSR=6.
ormed with aake developmtmospheric in
e turbulence inGaussian shtensity level
r-far wake tra
CLUSION
al that the ion of the waigher the turbe bigger the flows allow an
kground levelopment analys
to thank N
Eriksen. "Blind teopment for a m33, February 201and A. Crespo.
space Sciences, 39
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
veals tip vowake transitio
, 9D distance.
a turbulent infment show mnflow) concernntensity. Velohape and ml at the s
ansition regio
velocity deake are depenbulence, the fa
expansion. An earlier transi
l is revealed tsis.
NOWITECH
est" calculations omodel wind tur3. Wind turbine
9:467 – 510, 200
rope 2015
many er 21
ortex on.
Low
flow more ning ocity more same
on is
eficit ndent aster As a ition
o be
for
of the rbine.
wake 3.
67
KeyPer
Wenvintemutovemorincrwillstre
Aproforewinby Wespeandflow
Pdiffdeliintefarm
Tpredintefarm
Thifrom
[1]
[2]
[3]
ywords: Winrformance pr
Wind turbinevironments reeractions of atual influenc
erall performare significantrease. The winl acquire addi
eam turbine. Adaptive virtuposed to be ecasting Figund flow over tusing historic
eather generated. The wind
d turbulence iw more delicaPredicting theferent positionivers reliableensive optimim are requiredThe developedicts the averended to be vam in Jeju, Kor
ACKNOWLED
is study was sum BMC, Sout
REFERENCES
Richardson, Ctemperature, aDOI:10.1029/WAnalysis of thJeju Gasiri WiSiemens D3 turbines: Redu
Win
2Al
nd turbine, rediction, Opt
AB
s in a wind-egardless of atmospheric fle of wind tance of the wt as the scalend flow passinitional disturb
ual optimizatdone by we
ure1, [1]. Thethe wind-farmcal daily data tor results mad flow charactintensity can
ately. e total powerns and opera
e results thanzations of w
d. ed model tharage wind spalidated with drea [2].
DGEMENTS
upported by Bth Korea.
S C.W., 1981. Stochand solar radiatiWR017i001p001
he1.5MW Wind Pind-Farm, Jeong-platform – 3.0-
uced complexity,
nd-farm p
wi
Youjin 1Institutes o
lKwarizmi Co
3Institu
*
Wind-farm,timization.
BSTRACT
-farm operatethe weather
low with winturbines themwind-farm. Te and numbeng through thebances that ca
tion of wind-eather predice atmospheri
ms is suggestedand stochasti
aximum, averateristics from be combined
r extracted byating conditionn a single wiind turbines
at is based peed and turbdata measured
Busan-Brain 2
hastic Simulationion. Water Reso82
Power Turbine GeHwan Boo, Jeju N-MW and 3.2-Mincreased profita
performan
th a uniq
Kim1,*, Ali
of Fluid Mech
ollege of Engi
utes of Fluid M
youjin.kim@f
, Wake ana
e under stochr conditions.
nd turbines anmselves affecThis effect wer of wind tue up-stream tuan affect the d
farms operatictor using wec characteristd to be represic models, Figage values of
weather gened to express
y wind turbinns in a windind turbine.placed in a w
on wake anbulence intensd from Gasiri w
1 (BB21) proj
n of daily precipour. Res. 17, 18
eneration OutputNational Univers
MW direct driveability.
nce predi
que weath
Al-Abadi1,2,
hanics, FAU B
ineering, Univ
Mechanics, FA
fau.de, **ali.al
alysis,
hastic The
nd the ct the
will be urbine urbine down-
ion is eather tic of sented gure2. f wind erator wind
nes in d-farm Thus, wind-
nalysis sity is wind-
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pitation, 82-190.
ut of the sity e wind
Fig. 2
11th EAWE
ction and
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Busan Campu
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Fig. 1: W
2: Examples of Gasiri Wind-F
PhD Semina
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Delgado1,3
s, South Kore
hdad, Baghda
Germany
de
Weather predicto
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Optiof w
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or concept and e
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
example [1]
ens Wind turbinunction [2] [3].
rope 2015
many er 22
ne in
68
K T
ObestatstudHorbecdefiobjmoduncprewak
TTo spaas iandandThe(treaccalso
(modvariproprodireexppredind
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Talonexaerrosamrangto hwin
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Keywords – W
The present arerkampf [1] ationary wake dy consists onrns Rev 1 (D
cause it is onfined by Hanective of intdel inadequac
certain undissented in this ke models: N.
The present frperform a de
atially averageinput variable
d wind directid power produe temporal vaends) on both ount. The diso considered. (2) To Propagdel to estimaiations and cduction distribduction will bection and wperimental dadict the powependent man(3) To performdel as presentt the distributiunction of the
The distributing the wind
ample turbinesor can be com
me process neges, and for ehave the stationd direction an
certainS
Juan P
Ris
Wind farm flo
rticle is basedand proposes models. The n the SCADADONG/Vattenne of the winnsen et al. [2troducing a mcy of stationarsturbed flow
article is app O. Jensen’s a
I. AP
framework foretailed input ued undisturbedes. The spatiaion are considuction of the
ariation insidewind speed a
stribution of
gate uncertaintate each indivcompare thembution. Additibe studied as wind speed fata. Monte C
wer productionnner. m model valited in Kennedion of the wakinput variable
II. R
ion of powedirection are s in the same rmputed as a feeds to be repeach of the wonary wake mnd wind speed
nty of Station
P. Murcia#1, #Departme
sø Campus, F
*Depa
ow models, m
d on the approa framework
validation daA data of the nfall). Horns nd farm flow2]. The presmethodology ry wind farm conditions. lied to two cland G. C. Lars
PPROACH
r UQ can be uncertainty eld wind directial variation odered using th
free stream e the Reynoldand wind direambient turb
ty through thevidual turbine m with the exionally the disa function of
for both theCarlo simulatn of each w
idation of thedy and O’ Hagke model erroes.
RESULTS
er (experimenpresented in
row. From thifunction of wpeated for dif
wind direction model error asd.
f Powenary W
Pierre-E. Ré
ent of Wind E
Frederiksborgv
artment of Civ
model validati
oaches of Royk for validatiata selected fo
Danish windRev 1 is sel
w benchmark sent work ha
to determinflow models u
The frameassical enginesen’s models.
summarized alicitation usinion and wind f both wind he nacelle pooperating turb
ds averaging pection are takeulence intens
e wind power power produ
xperimental pstribution of pf undisturbed
e models andtions are use
wind turbine
e engineering gan [3]. This mr will be studi
ntal and modfigure 1 for
is results the mwind directionfferent wind quadrants in a function of
er ProdWind F
éthoré#, Anan
Energy, Techni
vej 399 Buildi1 jumu @dtu.dk
vil Engineerin
ion
y and ion of or this d farm lected cases
as the ne the
under ework eering
as (1) ng the speed speed
osition bines. period e into sity is
r plant uction power power wind
d the ed to in an
wake means ied as
deled) some
model n. The speed order
f both
Fig
C
It captuevenpropconsilocalspeedcaptuthe das a studi
A
ThEnerEnergrantIndu2013
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[2]
[3]
11th EAWE
ductioFarm Mnd Natarajan#
ical University
ing 101, 4000 k
ng, Aalborg U
g. 1 DistributionHorns Rev 1
CONCLUSIONS
can be concluure the power
n in complicaerly model thider the spatial wind directiod/direction temure the variatidistribution of
function of bied.
ACKNOWLEDG
his work was rgy Technologrgy Technoloted financial stry & E
38520021140)
REFERENCES Roy, C. J. anframework for vin scientific comEngineering, 20Hansen, K. S., B“The impact of tdeficits due to w(November 201Kennedy, M. Ccomputer mode(Statistical Meth
PhD Semina
on PreModel
#, Jhon D. Sø
y of Denmark
Roskilde, Den
University
of power alongas a function of s
uded that simpr production vted wind powe non-stationaal and temporon and wind smporal and spion in power pf model predicboth wind spe
EMENTS
supported by gy R&D Progogy Evaluatio
resource frEnergy, Re.
nd Oberkampf, verification, valid
mputing”. Comput0(25-28):2131–2
Barthelmie, R. J., turbulence intenswind turbine wak1):183–196.
C. and O’Hagan,ls”. Journal of th
hodology), 63(3):4
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
dictiols ørensen#*
k
nmark
g the row 7 (T17spatial averaged
ple stationary variation of inwer plant layary phenomenral variation ospeed. On the patial variatioproduction. Fction error (meed and wind
the Internatiogram of the Kon and Plarom the Minepublic of
W. L. (2011)dation, and uncer
uter Methods in Ap2144.
Jensen, L. E., ansity and atmosphekes at Horns Rev
, A. (2001). “Bathe Royal Statisti425–464.
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
ons of
7, T37, T67, T9wind direction.
wake modelsndividual turbyouts. In ordena it is requireof the undistur
other hand, wns can be use
From these resmodel inadequd direction can
onal CollaboraKorea Institutnning (KETEnistry of Tr
Korea. (
. “A compreher- tainty quantificpplied Mechanics
nd Sommer, A. (2eric stability on pv wind farm”. Po
ayesian calibratioical Society: Ser
rope 2015
many er 23
97) in
s can bines er to ed to rbed wind ed to sults
uacy) n be
ative te of EP), rade, (No.
ensive cation s and
2012). power ower,
on of ries B
69
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe
23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany
Poster 24
Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm
Nymfa Noppe#*1, Wout Weijtjens#*, Christof Devriendt#* #Acoustics and Vibrations Research Group (AVRG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Pleinlaan 2, B1050 Brussels, Belgium [email protected]
*Offshore Wind Infrastructure lab (OWI-lab)
Keywords – Wake effects, empirical, wind farm
Wake effects do not only affect the power production of wind turbines, but have also an important influence on, among others, the fatigue life consumption of wind turbines [1]. Therefore it is important to gain insight into the wake flows through a wind farm, not only by simulations but also by developing empirical models based on data of an operational windfarm. This contribution will summarise a first analysis regarding wake effects observed at the Northwind offshore windfarm outside the Belgian Coast.
A first step towards better understanding of the wake effects within a wind farm is taken by analysing a subset of the turbine SCADA for the full farm. This analysis will show
how parameters like averaged windspeed, power production and turbulence intensity vary within a wind farm, dependent of the wind direction. We will also show the variation in power production for a row of turbines standing in the wake of each other, for several ranges of windspeed.
Further analysis of wake effects will lead to a better understanding of the behavior of several parameters, e.g. power production. Eventually, this analysis will allow to develop an empirical model for the wake effects within a windfarm and compare different lay-outs of windfarms to each other.
REFERENCES
[1] Wout Weijtjens, Alexandros Iliopoulos, Jan Helsen, Christof Devriendt, “Monitoring the consumed fatigue life of wind turbines on monopile foundations”, EWEA Offshore 2015 Copenhagen
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This PhD projid dynamics ng Large Eddearch in winirection tech
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A., et al. "EvaluaWFA", Renewab., and S. Lee. "N. gov/designcode., and M. L. J. rgy laboratory
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for redirecting tu014): 211-218. odes-SOWFA." UWFA (2012).
user’s guide. naten. CO, Tech.
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URL:
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71
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 26
Combined power output of an array two turbines in-line
Piotr Wiklak1*, Szymon Łuczyński 2, Jan Bartl3, Lars Roar Sætran3
1 Łódź University of Technology, Institute of Turbomachinery, Łódź, Poland 2 Łódź University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Łódź, Poland
3 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Trondheim, Norway *[email protected]
Keywords: Experimental fluid dynamics, HAWT, wind tunnel, power output
Interactions between wind turbines have primary importance on the decrease of the total power generated in wind farms. In order to design a wind park, sophisticated simulation software is required. Such models, however, need experimental validation or at least some reference test cases, for example [1,2,3]. Present work is therefore an attempt to build a base of reference data for upgrading or evaluating turbine interaction modeling tools typically used for wind farm design.
I. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS
In this study two models of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) with a rotor diameter (D) around 0.9 m were used.
Measurements were performed in the wind tunnel at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim (11 m long, 5 m2 cross-section).
The main aim of this project was to find conditions at which the highest combined power coefficient of the two operated in-line turbines (Cpmax) were generated. The key parameter for this research; the Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) was modified separately for the upstream and downstream turbine. Additionally, the separation distance (3D, 5D, 9D) (Fig. 1) between the turbines and incoming flow (two different turbulence intensity (Fig. 2)) was varied to reach an optimum.
Fig. 1. Arrangement of wind tunnel experiments
Fig. 2. Turbine models exposed to low (left) turbulence inflow and high (right)
turbulence inflow
II. CONCLUSIONS
The study confirms that it is possible to find an optimal setup, varying for each considered case (Fig. 3). Herein, Cptotal is the value of combined upstream and downstream power coefficient whereas Cpmax is the value reserved for the case with highest achieved power coefficient for both turbines.
Fig. 3. Matrix of total power coefficients for two operating wind turbines arranged in-line
Depending on the type of inlet turbulence and separation distance between turbines, an increase in total power production was evaluated between 5% to 30%. However, a wide range of tip speed ratio combinations resulted in a close to optimal power output.
The best combined power coefficient for both turbines was found at biggest separation distance with highly turbulent (approx.10%) inlet stream.
III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study has been realized at Norwegian University of Science and Technology as a part of a partnership between Lodz University of Technology and Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
REFERENCES
[1] F. Pierella, P. Krogstad, L. Sætran, Blind Test 2 calculations for two in-line model wind turbine, Renewable Energy, 2013
[2] P. Krogstad, L. Sætran , M. S. Adaramola, "Blind test" calculations of the performance and wake development behind two in-line and offset model wind turbines, Renewable Energy, 2015
[3] M. Adaramola, P. Krogstad, Experimental investigation of wake effects on wind turbine performance. Renewable Energy,2011
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REFERENCES Innovative WinApplications (INSchlipf, D.: “Lidissertation, UniScholbrock A.,Haizmann F., BControls on theAIAA AerospaForum and AeroINNWIND DeForward ControDistributed ConSkogestad, S.,Analysis and DeBlanchard, B. Analysis”, Pren
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oncepts and ting systems coay. Therefore,d integrated, warticularly imp
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increase of theisted control i
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nd Conversion NNWIND.EU), wdar-assisted contriversity of Stuttga
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esign“, John WileS., Fabrycky,
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76
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 31
Support Structure Load Mitigation of OffshoreWind Turbines by Different Control Concepts
B. Shrestha*, M. KuehnForWind – Research Group Wind Energy Systems, University of Oldenburg
Oldenburg, [email protected]
Keywords – Load mitigation, adaptive control, offshorewind turbine
At present one of the factors that hinder the furtherexploitation of offshore wind energy is the associated highlevelised cost of energy. The typical cost of support structureexcluding the costs of transportation and installation is around20% of the total cost [1]. This factor will be more crucialwhen considering higher capacity wind turbines and deeperwater sites. The objective for this PhD project is to develop amethodology to reduce the offshore support structure loads bytailoring the employment of different load mitigationconcepts.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are several control concepts available to mitigatespecific load events on a support structure. However, thecontrol concepts can have different collateral effects byincreasing the loads in the other components of the windturbines. For example, Individual Pitch Controller (IPC) iseffective on tower side-to-side load reduction in the ratedpower range. But IPC increases the fore-aft moment and thepitch activity which may lead to unscheduled maintenancewhich is critical and cost intensive [2].
II. METHODOLOGY
The approach in this PhD is to develop an adaptivecontroller that selects the most effective controller conceptsdepending on the load events, operating conditions and therequirement of the controller type using decision from a multi-objective function. The novelty here is to establish a trade-offbetween the desired load reduction and the collateral effectsintroduced by the selected controller.
Considering the situation with and without the detailedturbine model information, two approaches will be analysed:Model driven and data driven approach. The flowchart for themodel driven approach can be seen in Fig 1. The measurementdata from the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm and FINO1research platform as the part of the RAVE – OWEA Loadsproject [3] will be used for the sea state and load estimation.The control concepts will be evaluated for the given conditionand the most effective control concept will be selected using amulti-objective optimization which takes into considerationthe load reduced as well as the collateral effects due to theselected controller and also the design load envelope. Thecontroller will be activated for a certain amount of time andthe sea state and load conditions are constantly monitored inorder to decide if the implemented controller concept is stillthe most effective one.
After discussing the objectives and proposed methodologyof the PhD project, the contribution will present a first casestudy using model driven approach.
III. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the PhD work is to develop andimplement a methodology for a controller adaptive to differentsituations to mitigate critical aerodynamic and hydrodynamicsupport structure loads of an offshore wind turbine, byevaluating an effective objective function for the controller.The work will be followed by the validation of theeffectiveness and generalization and transfer of the proposedmethod.
REFERENCES
[1] Clean Energy Pipeline, “Offshore Wind Project Cost Outlook”, UK,2014
[2] Fischer, T., “Mitigation of Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic InducedLoads of Offshore Wind Turbines”, University of Stuttgart, Germany,2012
[3] Research at Alpha Ventus, “RAVE – OWEA Loads” [Online].Available: http://rave.iwes.fraunhofer.de/rave/pages/raveLoads
Fig. 1: Flowchart of the model driven approach
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REFERENCES Soleimanzadeh, Farm, ConsidMechatronics.21Spudic, V., BaotControl for PoTorque from WiBrand, A., “A QWind Energy Co
PhD Semina
e Modm Simoushpas#3
ms, University
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els will needon on loads ts operation dodel will need eld and the he design oescribed in [eing develope
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imulink wheneerting the win
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ki, R., “ControllePower and
011 M., Peric, N., “Himisation“, Proc.2010
Wind Farm Contro11
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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on
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REFERENCES Bueno Gayo, “ReliaWind”, Proonline: http://corFischer et al, „FConverter Failuronline: http://ww
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REFERENCES Serhat H., Walchaos method fopaper 891. 2006Bottasso C.L.,Constrained OpDOI: 10.1007/s1
PhD Semina
DesignTurbinlo L. Bottasso
5, 85748 Garc
ing b. Münch
, Via La Masa
, Loads, Ais), with the Nmethods, PCation in robus
c process is rrthogonal poly
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REFERENCES Michalke, G., “and Impact on P“Technical GuidDetermination oand systems conGermany, 2010
PhD Semina
the Intee SubsyMertens#
z Universität H
m Technology,
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Wind Turbines –Darmstadt, Germr Generating Unitracteristics of po
HV and EHV grid
Energy in EurSeptember 2
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ns of – Part 2
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WF developersign teams) hamework, and del will have ject is to de
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Research Cyc
The methodolthis project w
mplete researcases: aggregaidation and ccific sub-obje Definiti
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Offshore Wsation
of offshore we recognised ering is gainiprovide the mle power planent in the fiethe planned m
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different fideliormance of a
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ROBLEM
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METHODOLOG
to achieve theak it down inl of which inc
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Evaluaon of stian Sanche
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in the hore W
reno, MichieU Delft
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with theirfunction a
Definitionand selec
A multi-weight dcombinat
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els and optimry of FUSED-
plitting the oide an efficiee will be robuequent cycles his project wAO framework
ACKNOWLEDG
his work is finncil for Scienernment of the
REFERENCES Dykes, K., RethEngineering: InTask Proposal, 2Horvath, I. Structowards ensurinConference on EVol. 2: Design 22.08, 2013. Moore, K. T., Nsource framewoAIAA/ISSMO M2008 Dykes, K., et al.
PhD Semina
MultiWind F
l Zaaijer
lands
r particular inand performann of the govetion of modelcriteria decis
determination tion of model
onnection betmake use of DAO framewos being deveincludes a vent drivers [3].
currently cput and outpuding cost and els, wake mo
an algorithm misers will b-Wind.
III. CONC
overall goal nt methodolo
ust and scientiwill be fully j
will contributk applied to o
EMENTS
nancially suppnce and Teche State of Oax
hore, PE., Zahle,tegrated Research2015 cturing the proceg scientific rigor.Engineering DesTheory and Rese
Naylor, B. A., & Grk for multidiscip
Multidisciplinary A
Software accessi
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
idiscipFarms
nterest or goalnce demands.erning criterils and optimission analysis
method thatfidelities and
etween modelthe FUSED-W
ork. eloped as a vast library o. contains a sut variables of
financial moodels and stru
that automatebe contributed
CLUSION
into four suogy, since the ifically provenjustified. te to more e
offshore wind
ported by the Mhnology (CONxaca, Mexico.
, F., Merz, K. Wch, Development
ess of design rese. Proceedings of
sign (ICED13), Dearch Methodolo
Gray, J. S. The deplinary analysis aAnalysis and Opt
sible at http://www
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
plinary
l, global objec
a for comparers. tool includin
t yields the optimisers.
s and optimisWind shell, b
tool for systof optimisers
standard set f components odels, aero-hyuctural/founda
es the selectiod to the exis
ub-objectives outcome of e
n, and their us
efficiently usenergy.
Mexican NatiNACYT) and
Wind Energy Sys& Design. IEA
earch-A necessarythe 19th Internat
Design for Harmoogy, Seoul, Korea
evelopment of an and optimization.timization Confer
w.fusedwind.org/
rope 2015
many er 36
y
ctive
rison
ng a best
sers, built
tems and
of of a
ydro-ation
on of sting
will each se in
se a
onal d the
stems Wind
y step tional onies, a, 19-
open . 12th rence,
/
82
LumconthedomThethe AnVAlummowitto H
De
mped paramntrollers. For aerodynamiminant dynamese models p various mod
nalysis of the AWT. This lumped parameodels will be th straight blaH rotors or 3
rivatio
eter models r horizontal aics, the structmic modes, bprovide muchdes. As yet th
rotor dynamumped parameter model wused in the cades will be
3 bladed V ro
on of Vertic
James SteeWind and M
Royal Colleg1james.st
of wind turbaxis wind turture, tower aboth their freh insight intohere are no e
mics will be cmeter model will then be deconstruction considered w
otors.
a Lumcal Axer, Bill LeithMarine Energy
ge Building, Uteer@strathclyd
Abines are usedrbines (HAWand rotor, andequencies ano the dynamiequivalent m
carried out anwill be analoeveloped for of a Simulin
with only the
mped Pxis Wihead, David Igy Systems CD
University of Sde.ac.uk, 2willia
ABSTRACd for analysin
WTS) these ard the drive-tr
nd phase, in teic behaviour
models for ver
nd a lumped ogous to simir the drive-trank model for e first modes
11th EAWE
Paramind TuInfield, Julian
DT, University
Strathclyde, Gam.leithead@str
CT ng their dynare well-estabrain. These merms of basicof the wind
rtical axis wi
parameter milar models tain of the VAthe VAWT. in and out o
PhD Semina
meter Murbinen Feuchtwanof Strathclyd
lasgow, G1 1Jrath.ac.uk
amic propertblished and inmodels need c physical paturbines andind turbines (
model develophat currently
AWT. The twInitially, a s
of the cone. T
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
Model e ng
de
JH
ties and designclude repreto faithfully arameters su
d the relation(VAWTS).
oped for the sy exist for HAwo lumped psimple, two bThe project m
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
of a
gning their sentations ofrepresent thch as inertiasships betwee
structure of thAWTS. A arameter
bladed V rotomay be exten
rope 2015
many er 37
f e s. en
he
or nded
83
K
Rel I
expdrivincetechelecnatubeecallconGAevaimpweloveencstud
PsystIt rplanopeproaccreprfun
Vchais atmredu
Wind
Keywords – liability, Stati
Installed Reneperienced a sigven by enventives. Windhnologies, cuctricity demanure, this sudd
en translated iling for newnventional (deARPUR [2] aluates such plemented ovelfare. This erview of tcountered whedies at a pan-E
Power systemtem to cover trepresents a nning includeration, assetposed methodount for the resentations s
nctions.
II. V
Variability anaracteristics ofgenerally ass
mosphere i.e. uced by mean
d GeneC
Wind Poweistical Model
ewable Energgnificant growvironmental d power hol
urrently accound in Denmaden increase into a higher uw reliability eterministic) N
project desinew reliabilier the next deposter presethe main en representinEuropean leve
I. FLE
m reliability rthe electric decornerstone
ing three brt managemendologies must
separate timsuch as time s
VARIABILITY
nd uncertaintyf weather-drivsociated to p
the wind rns of further
erationChalle
#Departme
Frederiksb
er Generatiolling, RES int
gy Sources (Rwth over the lapolicy targelds a clear l
unting for 39%ark [1]. Due in wind powuncertainty in
criteria as N-1 approachigns, develoty criteria toecades, while entation introchallenges a
ng wind generel.
EXIBILITY
refers to the emand in eachof power sy
road time hont and systet be flexible e
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AND UNCERTA
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n Modenges a
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orgvej 399, B
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RES) capacityast decades, mets and finalead among % of the domto its interm
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o be progressmaximising s
oduces a geand opporturation in relia
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AINTY
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rtheless, it mu
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Energy, Techni
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R[1][2]
11th EAWE
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4000 Roskilde
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I
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IV
he high dimentification of f
vergence and ct of different ndency structegation levelbe necessary tsystem compoer generation ch may leave niques tools su
REFERENCES Energinet – wwwEU FP7
PhD Semina
Reliabiunitie
y of Denmark
e (Denmark)
r to generate These scenariof reality due tation of the psociated to th
in order tational plannin
III. MULTIPLE
power generatTSO perspec
nsidering the the need foreanalysis techlogical variabcan be subseqpower curves
ure expansions
V. FEASIBLE AP
nsionality of thfeasible approtractability. characterizati
ture between ws i.e. region/to assess the eonents and thesuch as compoopen the po
uch as big dat
w.energinet.dk GARPUR pr
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
ility Stes
k
plausible fuos do not necto the partial phenomena unhe model predto support dng.
E STRATEGIES
tion representctive. Neverth
wide geograpr alternative hniques can pbles with thequently transfos. Plus, it offes of the wind g
PPROXIMATION
he problem at oximations inThis will inv
ions of the temwind power p/country-wiseeffects of weaeir possible reonent failure r
ossibility to mta and machin
roject – w
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
tudies
ture scenariocessarily repreignorance ornder study. Tdictions also ndecision mak
ts the most cruheless, the lacphical area tosolutions. In provide histor
e desired leveormed into poers the possibgeneration fle
NS
hand requiresn order to envolve testing mporal and spplants at diffe. Furthermore
ather on the reelation with wrates and outa
make use ofne learning.
www.garpur-proje
rope 2015
many er 38
s:
s of esent lack
Thus, need king,
ucial k of o be this
rical el of ower bility ee.
s the nsure
the atial
erent e, it st of wind ages, new
ect.eu
84
K
Tur
Tsynfor assiSecinfe
I.
Fissuwithlimassion the the Theredupartelec
F
Tsynwasperivalistra
II.
TsynThinetwon m
Facq
SyM1E
Keywords –Srbine, Experi
This paper nchronous gen
a direct-drivisted PM macondly, by an erred from the
PRINCIPLE OF
AN
For salient poue. To reduce h an acceptab
mit due to saisted by PM ia classical saladjacent rotorotor pole i
erefore rotor puced which imt of PM flctromotive for
Fig. 1 Principle of
The studied mnchronous gens made. Expeiod of time widate a semiategy applied d
. EQUIVALEN
The model nchronous Diris equivalent work. Thanksmagnetic satuFig.2.a and quisition of sha
ynchroMagne
Maxime PEC Lille, L2E
2
3Univers
Synchronous imental analy
proposes annerator assisteve wind turbachine is expoptimization
e experimental
F SALIENT POL
AND PROTOTYP
ole generatorthe machine s
ble level of saturation effecis investigatedlient pole mac
or pole shoes. in opposite wpole saturationmprove the geluxes cross rce [1], [2].
f Synchronous G
machine is a 4nerator assisteerimental meawith the machi-analytical mduring the test
NT MODEL AND
is a first hrect-Quadratucircuit mode
s to these moduration is well
b illustrate aft speed and
onous Mets forPloyard12, A
EP, Cité Scient2JEUMONT E
sité de Cergy P
Generator, Dysis, Efficienc
n analysis oed by Permanbine. Firstly,plained and problem, the
l acquisitions.
LE GENERATO
PE CHARACTE
r, magnetic ssize, the rotorsaturation [1].cts, the syncd [1], [2]. Thechine with PMThe flux geneway to the mn is decreasedenerator efficie
the airgap
enerator assisted
8 poles directed by PM. Asurements arehine. The me
model and tot.
D EXPERIMENT
harmonic moure (D-Q) refel employs a
dels, the influeconsidered. respectively active power.
Machr Direymen Ammatifique, F-5965
Electric, 367 r
Pontoise, SAT
Direct Drive Wcy, Optimizat
f a salient nent Magnets , the principa model is bcontrol strate
.
R ASSISTED BY
RISTICS
aturation is apoles are des
. To overcomchronous genee structure is bM inserted beterated by PM main flux (Fd and DC currency. In additand increase
by PM
t drive woundA 900kW prote performed oeasures are uso find the co
TAL VALIDATI
odel based ference framea D-Q reluctence of assiste
the experim
ine Asect-Dri
ar2, Frederic 650 Villeneuve
rue de l’indust
TIE, Rue d’Era
Wind tion
pole (PM)
ple of build. egy is
Y PM
a key signed
me the erator based tween cross
Fig.1). rent is tion, a e the
d rotor totype over a sed to ontrol
IONS
on a e [3]. tances ed PM
mental
Fig
Usform( ,( ,currestrateimpleoptim
A a dirbriefcalculaws an exbe doptimstrate
R[1]
[2]
[3]
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Sp
eed
0.2
0.4
0.6
Po
wer
0.4
0.6
0.8D
C c
urr
en
t
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
Cu
rren
t
(p.u.)
11th EAWE
ssistedive WGillon1, Lio
e d’Ascq, Fran
trie, F-59640
agny, F-95031
g. 2. Experimenta
sing data frommulated. The
) cos
ent. In additionegy in the D-Qemented in
mizations are p
synchronous ect drive wind
fly discussed. ulation results
and the perfoxperimental wetailed. Final
misation probegy to improv
REFERENCES K. Yamazaki, K“Estimation of aspole synchronouno. 6, pp. 2515–2T. Gundogdu anconcentrated wigenerators & deSyst. Res., vol. 10Y. Amara, L. VidLecrivain, “Hybrsolution for vehi58, no. 5, pp. 213
05
6
7
8
0
2
4
6
0
4
6
8
08
6
4
2
b.
a.
d.
c.
PhD Semina
d by PWind Tu
nel Vido3, Dnce, maxime.p
Jeumont, Fra
1 Cergy Ponto
al measurements a
m measuremenaim is t
) which sa). Fig.2.c sh
n the optimisaQ axis for a un
the controperformed for
III. CONC
machine assid turbine. The
A comparisowas done to v
formance of thwind cycle. In
ly, the validablem to det
ve the provided
K. Nishioka, K. ssist effects by ads generators,” In2523, 2012. nd G. Komurgozinding techniqueevelopment with 05, pp. 57–70, 20do, M. Gabsi, E. Hrid excitation synicles propulsion,”37–2149, 2009.
5000
5000
5000
5000
T
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
Permanurbine
Daniel Laloy2
ployard@ec-li
ance
oise, France
and control laws
nts, an optimito find theatisfied the hows the calcations allow f
unity power faol of the r each time ste
CLUSION
isted by PM ie specificity oon between validate the mhis machine athe final pape
ated model wtermine the d energy by th
Shima, T. Fukdditional permanend. Electron. IEE
z, “Implementate to large salie
h permanent mag013. Hoang, A. Hami
ynchronous mach” Veh. Technol.
10000
10000
10000
10000
ime (s)
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
nent e 2 ille.fr
isation probleme only solu
operating pculated excitafinding the conctor (Fig.2.c &prototype.
ep.
is investigatedof this generatoexperimental
model. The conare obtained fer, the model
will be used inoptimal con
he generator.
kami, and K. Sent magnets in sa
EE Trans. On, vo
ion of fractionalent-pole synchrognets,” Electr. P
d Ben Ahmed, anhines: Energy-effiIEEE Trans. On
rope 2015
many er 39
m is ution point ation ntrol & b) The
d for or is and
ntrol from will
n an ntrol
Shirai, alient-l. 59,
l slot onous Power
nd M. ficient , vol.
15000
15000
15000
15000
Nmes
Pmes
Pcalc
Jmes
Jcalc
Iq
Id
85
K
Str
Tare candursitebrestruslamintokinhardpra
Tmetwinmetexp
Tandfocuthe load
Tare on ea 1:Hansug
SstanalsoHowinclobtasse
Tthe studcoe
Keywords – ucture, Stand
The offshore sometimes e
n cause slamring a short time of the struaking waves
ucture [2]. In mming loads o account. Hoematics, an ad to achieve, ctice is also chThis study inthods used fond applicationthods and the
perimental rese
The slammingd guidelines auses not only slamming loa
ds in the strucThe assumptiosummarized, experimental :8 scale truss mnnover, possib
ggested.
I
Slamming loandards and guo recommendwever, in nonluded as a dedained with itessment of theThe slammingload estimati
dy. Research efficient.
S
Slamming Ldards, Exper
I. BAC
support strucexposed to pl
mming loads me [1]. When ucture or in
shall be covarious stan
from the plunowever, due accurate estimand how to inhallenging. ntends to givor slamming ns. It also disc
potential for earch.
II. AP
g load consideare reviewed on the recomads, but also ctural design. ons and the paand the knowdata from the model was tesbilities for im
III. RESULTS A
ads are mentiuidelines. A
ded in some one of them, thdicated load ct can play ane structure. g coefficient Cion. However,
is still goin
Slammfor Of
Depar
H
Load, Offshorriment
CKGROUND
ctures used inlunging breakfeaturing a hwaves are likits vicinity,
onsidered in ndards and gunging breakinto the compl
mation of the nclude these
ve an overvieload considerusses the knoimprovement
PPROACH
eration parts oand compared
mmended calcon the metho
arameters usewledge gaps ar
WaveSlam psted in the Lar
mprovement o
AND DISCUSSIO
ioned and conmethod to es
of the standarhe (plunging)
case, although n important r
Cs is an impo, this value vag on to dete
ming Lffshor
Ying Trtment of Civi
Høgskoleringe1y
re Wind, Sup
the wind indking waves, whigh impact
kely to break owave loads the design o
uidelines [2-4ng waves are lexity of the slamming loaloads in the d
ew of the curation for offwledge gaps obased on on-
of various stand. The compaulation methods to include
d in these mere discussed. Broject [5], in wrge Wave Fluof the method
ON
nsidered in astimate the lords and guide) breaking wathe slamming
role in the fa
rtant parametaries from stu
ermine an acc
Load Cre WinTu1, Michael il and Transpo
en 7A, 7491 [email protected]
pport
dustry which force
on the from
of the 4], the
taken wave
ads is design
urrent fshore of the going
ndards arison ods of
these
ethods Based which
ume in ds are
all the oad is elines. ave is g load atigue
ter for udy to curate
Incase,requi
Thstandappliuncestruc
Thlead the eapproload
Firelevcompassumsamerando
Alof strvariostill expeexpe
A
ThComgrantIV w2615
FiCounackn
R[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
11th EAWE
Considnd Stru
Muskulus ort Engineerin
rondheim, Norno
n order to incl, its probabilires more knohe slamming dards and guications to othrtain, due t
cture by the brhe investigatioto a better es
experiments woach can alsoestimation me
irst results shvant standardpared to expemption that the time, whereom sequence.
lthough the imructures for o
ous standards encounters
rimental datacted to be imp
ACKNOWLEDG
his work hmmunity’s Sev
t to the budgewithin the Tra520. inancial suppncil of Norw
nowledged.
REFERENCES Alagan Chella, Impact Forces Procedia, vol. 20 “Design of OffAS, Offshore St“Wind TurbinesTurbines”, InterEdition 1.0, 200“Guideline for Renewables CerTu, Y., MuskuSlamming LoadApplications,” J
PhD Semina
deratiouctureng, NTNU
rway
ude the (plunity of occurrwledge of oceload estimatiidelines are f
her structures, o e.g. non-s
reaker [5]. ons conductedstimation of thwere conducteo validate the ethods for trus
how that mostds overestimerimental resuhe wave hits aas in reality t
IV. CONC
mportance of offshore wind
and guidelinmany chall
a, the estimatproved.
EMENTS
has been suventh Framewet of the Inteansnational A
port from Nway, contrac
M., Tørum, A., Mon Offshore W
0, pp. 217–226, 2fshore Wind Turandard DNV-OSs – Part 3: Desirnational Electro9 the Certification
rtification, 2012 ulus, M., Arntsed Characteristics fournal of Ocean
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
ons es
nging) breakinrence should eanography. ion methods for cylindrica the accuracy simultaneous
d in the Wavehe slamming ed with a truapplicability
ss structures. st approaches mate the slults. This is, all parts of ththese are hit
CLUSION
f slamming loapplications
nes, the applicllenges. Withtion of the sl
upported bywork Programegrating ActivAccess Activit
NOWITECH ct no. 19382
Myrhaug, D., “AWind Turbine Su2012 rbine Structures”
S-J101, 2014 ign Requirement
otechnical Comm
n of Offshore W
en, Ø.A., “Expefor Truss Structuand Wind Energy
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
ng wave as a be known. T
mentioned inal structures. of the methodimpact on
eSlam projectcoefficient. S
uss structure, of the slamm
described inlamming for
e.g., due tohe structure atin a more or
ads in the deis emphasizedcation in prach the help lamming load
y the Europmme through vity HYDRALties, Contract
FME (Rese23) is gratef
An Overview of Wubstructures”, En
”, Det Norske V
ts for Offshore Wmission, IEC 614
Wind Turbines”
rimental Analysures in Offshore Wy, 2015 [accepted
rope 2015
many er 40
load This
n the For
ds is the
t can Since
this ming
n the rces, the t the less
esign d by ctice
of ds is
pean the
LAB t no.
arch fully
Wave nergy
eritas
Wind 400-3,
, GL
sis of Wind d].
86
K I
corrspavoluprojflucand
Obladturbconthe inflshifhav
ArotosimSimthe promisincleveintecalc
Fi
IcallKleOpediff
Keywords – T
In this work a rectly the incr
atial correlatioume CFD Cject is the corctuations and d fatigue calcu
Of crucial impdes are complbulent atmospnverting system
entire rotor blow. Unsteadyfts between exve not been weAt the presenor-aerodynam
mulations are mulations (LE
program Pcedure, anoth
ssing intermiluded in all s
ents of high wervall which culations [3].
g.1 Torque incremand the CT
In order to avoled Continuoueinhans/Friedrensource Codferent meteoro
SIMUTU
Turbulent inf
probabilistic rement statistons, shall be
Code OpenFOrrect descriptiextreme even
ulations on win
I. INTRO
portance with lex and unste
pheric inflow ms (WECS).
blade radius vy aerodynamicxcitation and rell described bnt state, atmo
mic Computatgenerated by S) under a hig
PALM [2]. Bher drawbackittent statisticsimulations if wind speed fare highly i
ment statistics of TRW model (righ
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ULATURBU
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surements. n addition to tpared to CFD
ACKNOWLEDG
he authors woung und Forser Saxony, Gehe simulationsility for Lar
earch), locatedfunded by th
ure ConservatiUmwelt, Naturt number 0325
REFERENCES http://www.openhttp://palm.mukMücke T., Kleiinfluence on theKleinhans D, Fnew approach. DKleinhans D. Sden theoretischWindfelder. PhD2008
E PhD Semina
EADY LOADchim Peinke
ForWind
Germany
industrial usaat way, such thbe transportthe simulatio
idation of thend load meassimulated dat
II. GOALS AN
s project is theOAM as an inforrect transporcity compone
of each other,and the Nav
ginning. One on of this mothe generated
um is correcteleads to a diveorological cond a validation
that, load mesimulated dat
EMENTS
ould like to thachung and thermany. s were performrge-Scale Comd at the Univehe Federal Mion and Nuclerschutz und R5220.
nfoam.com .uni-hannover.deinhans D., Peink alternating loadsriedrich R. Simu
DEWEK 2006 Prtochastische Mohen GrundlagenD Thesis, Westfä
aron Wind E23-25
Stu
ANDDS e#*3
age, an LES suthat the small ted through on area. LIDAe stochastic p
asurements onta.
AND ISSUES
e implementatflow model inrt behaviour wents are calc, the velocityvier-Stokes eqof the main poodel. An anvelocity field
ed in that wayvergence free f
nditions and n is done by m
easurements ota.
ank the Bundhe federal stat
med at the HPomputations iersity of OldeMinistry for tear Safety (BuReaktorsicherh
e ke J. Atmosphers on wind turbineulation of intermroceedings, Brem
odellierung kompn zur Simulatälische Wilhelms
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
D
ubgrid model scale intermitdifferent m
AR measuremproperties of
n WECS will
tion of the CTn a 3 dimensiwithin this domculated separa
field will noquations are oints will ther
nsatz can be d to Fourier spy that the invfield. wind behavi
means of LID
on WECS wil
esministeriumte governmen
PC Cluster FLin Wind Eneenburg (Germathe Environmundesministerheit, BMU) un
ric turbulence anes mittent wind fieldmen, Germany, 20plexer Systeme -tion atmosphäris-Universität Mün
rope 2015
many er 41
will ttent
mesh ments f the l be
TRW onal
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Keywords liability, Sens
In structural bine (OWT) scertainties in passessment o
ny cases, theding to a lackeral problemessment is preerly site-depenirdly, even whnditions for eaust assessm
plicability. While quite babilistic meability in parta smaller nume computationcessity of varies are not malargest impa
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I. MO
analysis and support structparameters thof both fatiguese parameterk of robustnessms: Firstly, thesent. Secondlndent, which mhere site-depenach location i
ments implies
some work hethods applieticular [1, 2], mber of non-nal demand able reduction
ade on a solid ct. To this en
vity of the prameters, manymore solid fou
II. METHOD
uch a study, ae for an OWT,ructed. The mthe rotor and model of th
he system resphile still promore involvedmental, structuers that are oEmphasis has le) probabilia discussion ofCarlo samplinment of the prand ultimate
sitivity analysiuncertainty fo
sensitore wi
L
of Civil and Tr
H
t structuresis, Offshore
TIVATION
optimization tures, there is at can have aue and ultimars are treateds in the assesshe possibilityly, the structumakes mass-pndency is necin a wind pars designs w
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S AND RESULT
a simplified m, based on themodel featurewave loads, a
he monopile. ponse to an exoviding fairlyd methods. Thural and modoften not take
been put intostic models f the choices mng of these difrobability of flimit states
is for each paror a parameter
ivity and tur
Lars Einar S.
ransport Engin
Høgskoleringe1la
e, Uncertai
of offshore a large numb
a significant imate limit stated deterministisment. This cr
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to developmesystems, strus is usually liparameters [
lyses leads toices made in ch parametersse an investigfailure to a usually studi
which future st
TS
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for the vamade is includfferent distribufailure with recan be perforrameter is obtr, it is then po
analysrbine s
Stieng#1, Mi
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these s have gation
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nopile ile [5],
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ossible
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he results demeneral, and a scular, when
mization is to e recommende results in fur
ACKNOWLEDG
his work has bearch Counci
Danish Councvancing BeYgn of offshore
REFERENCES Melchers, R. E. 2nd Ed. John WilTarp-Johansen, Ronold, K. (20reliability of o1420(EN). RoskSørensen, J. D. dynamic loads. Structural DynaCarswell, W. A(2015). Soil-strfoundations. WiVorpahl, F., StNichols, J. 201design codes un
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uncertrt struulus#
rsity of Scienc
rway
mendation for istic while stil
he analysis.
III. CONC
monstrate the nensitivity base
any accurbe performed
ations for howrther work is in
EMENTS
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ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
taintieuctures
ce and Techno
whether the ll maintaining
CLUSION
need for probed variable se
urate design d for OWT sw to implemenincluded.
upported by N, contract no.ic Research th
waterS (AB support struc
ral Reliability AnNew York. , Rademakers, Land balanced s
turbines. Technnal Laboratory. ty analysis of win
f the 9th InternaN 2014. DeGroot, D. J., y of offshore w83-498. kman, J., Larsenof aero-elastic o
ask XXIII. Wind E
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
es for s
ology
parameter cang a desirable l
babilistic methelection proces
assessment upport structunt, and expand
NOWITECH F 193823) and
hrough the proBYSS) - Optictures”.
alysis and Predic
L., Sørensen, J.Dstructural and syical Report Ris
nd turbines expostional Conferenc
and Lackner, Mind turbine mon
n, T., Passon, P.offshore wind tuEnergy 17: 519-54
rope 2015
many er 42
n be level
hods ss in
or ures. d on,
FME d by oject imal
ction,
. and ystem sø-R-
sed to ce on
M. A. nopile
. and urbine 47.
88
11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015
Stuttgart, Germany Poster 43
Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed wind energy
Anna Chudy Łódź University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Łódź, Poland
Keywords: dispersed energy, historical meteorological
databases, estimation wind resources The civic energy sector in last year’s is developing more
dynamically. Dispersed and integrated sources are gaining importance because of the lack of problems with the transmission, as well stimulation of civic engagement. However, the biggest problem and often the cause of application failures is the suboptimal implementation of such solutions due to miss proper or even lacking resources estimation.
Present work is therefore an attempt to validate the possibility of applying meteorological data bases for estimation of wind resources in citizen driven dispersed energy systems development.
I. COMPARISON OF METEOROLOGICAL AND WIND ENERGY
STANDARDS
This study involves the comparison of meteorological and wind energy standards concerning wind measurements and based on high resolution wind measurements will discuss and show the discrepancies with special focus on small scale energy systems applications.
The study aims at: determination of the differences between the methods
of measurement and analysis of wind data, definition of the meteorological requirements for
how to measure parameters of wind measuring instruments and their accuracy, the location of equipment, duration of measurement in meteorology and wind energy and to demonstrate the differences between them,
specification of the data needed to analyse and extrapolate the wind data from meteorological data bases,
determination of the difference extrapolated values of meteorological data in relation to the experimental data from location turbines.
identification of limitations that may exist in estimating the energy potential using meteorological data.
II. ANALYSIS
Restrictions and discrepancies in estimating the potential energy primarily relate to:
insufficient density of meteorological stations, the availability of wind measurements on most
meteorological stations in only 3 times of the day, the need for measurement data extrapolation from a
standard height of 10 m a.g.l at hub height. These discrepancies can cause very big difference between
the estimated and real wind speed. Should be remembered that wind power is dependent on the wind speed in the 3 power. Therefore, each discrepancy radically affects the amount of energy gained.
III. CONCLUSIONS
Public historical meteorological databases (National Wether and Meteorology Agencies) can be used as a first, initial layer of input for wind based renewable systems efficiency, they are not ready for direct application.
Due to important discrepancies between the methods of measurement and analysis of wind data for weather forecast and climatology [1] and wind energy applications [2,3] such a concept has to be treated with caution.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study has been realized at Lodz University of Technology at the Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering.
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[2] MEASNET Procedure „Evaluation on Site-Speciffic Wind Conditions“ , Measnet 2009.
[3] IEC 61400-1
89
K
MI A
simwinWethirthe nesdowutilresoexasystESMinteWR21 At JanThestorcomCouSyspoininclHeiFinocemodthe reso
A w
Keywords – wKE 21 SW
A coupled winmulate the costnd farm desigeather Researcrd generation
atmospheric ting function
wnscale fromization of unolution at the ample of the tem. Since thMF regriddierpolation weRF transfers 10SW feeds bacpresent, the
nssen (1991)[3]
e coupling syrms of particumparison, the upled-Ocean-Astem (COAWnt measuremluding open oidrun, and co
no 1 and Hornean where thedel coupling i
terrain and olution is mor
wind-w
wind-wave c
nd-wave modtal wind and wgn and mainch and Forecspectral windmodel and
n in WRF m tens of ki
structured mecoastal area lmeshes and
e two modelsing softwareeights betwee0 m wind speeck sea surface
approaches ], Fan et al (2
ystem has beeular conditionsame storms Atmosphere-WST)[6,7]. The r
ments of windocean, deep woastal, relativens Rev. When e winds and wis important. W
bathymetry re important.
wave c
Jiant#Departme
Fr
oupling, stor
delling systemwaves during ntenance purpasting (WRF
d-wave model wave model,enables the ilometres to esh in MIKE less than 0.1 k
domains thas are using dife is used en them. Dured to MIKE 2e roughness leof paramete
2012)[4], Drenen applied to ns using differhave also bee
Wave-Sedimeresults have bd and waves water sites suely shallow w the storms pwaves are strWhile in the cis complex,
couplisim
ing Du#1, Xia
ent of Wind E
rederiksborgv
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rm, coastal, W
m is implementstorms for off
poses. We us) Model[1] anMIKE 21 SWrespectivelymodel resol1 km. And
21 SW allowkm. Fig. 1 showat are used ifferent mesheto generate
ring the coup21 SW while Mength (z0) to Wrizing z0 incnnan (2005)[5
model a serirent z0 schemen simulated bnt Tran
been validatedin the North
uch as Ekofiskwater sites suass by, in therong and highcoastal zone, w
the high sp
ng sysmulatio
aoli Larsén#2
Energy, Techni
vej 399, 4000 [email protected]
K-2907 Hørsho
WRF,
ted to fshore se the nd the W[2] as
. The lution d the
ws the ws an in the es, the e the upling, MIKE WRF. cludes ], etc. ies of
mes. In by the nsport d with h Sea k and
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[5]
[6]
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D. M., anced
Center oscale
M., & using
eering IETY
ration 1(11),
Global -wave
2005). ysical
ango, upled s &
2010). iment 230-
90
KS
Kthe meaextrIECwinsho
Istabare are atminvtestthe metwinSmspeare meawinpowparmea
A.
FandstraexpThez1/L
Waccconproovepredstraspestra
EvapD
Keywords –Stability, Pow
Knowing meadesign proc
asurements atrapolated to th
C 61400-3 [1] nd turbines aortcomings in In this study, bility such as t
compared tocommonly u
mospheric stabestigated andted and compRichardson G
thods are testend profile intro
medman-Högsted data, meas
extrapolatedasurement datnd profiles duwer output caameters such asurement hei
Comparison profiles
Figure 1 showd predicted atification of pressed by theerefore, z1/LO
LO>0 to stableWind profilesount show
nditions highfiles as the
erestimate thdiction throug
atification is peds. The sca
atification for
aluatioprofileDepartment of
– Vertical Wwer output pr
I. INTR
an wind speedcess of windt this height,he necessary hand DNV-OS
are based on adaptation to vertical windthe Monin-Ob
o non-stabilityused in wind bility at the d five differared. The Ob
Gradient Methed: Power Lawoduced by Peñtröm and Högsured by 2D-Ud to 70 m ta. This analy
ue to atmosphalculations. Tas wind shearight are invest
II. R
of predicted
ws the wind spwind speedsthe atmosphee non-dimens<0 refers to u
e conditions. s which takeespecially in
h accuracy. Power Law
he wind spegh stability-copoorly. Thoseattering increall wind profi
on of es: A cf Energy and P
Wind Profilrediction
RODUCTION
ds at hub-heighd turbines. D, wind measuheight. CurrenS-J101 [2] for
onshore expmaritime envi
d profiles inclbukhov similay corrected w
industry. ForSkipheia me
ent extrapolabukhov-lengthhod. The follow, Logarithmiña and a pow
gström [4]. 10Ultrasonic anand compare
ysis focuses oheric stability Therein, the sr exponent, rotigated.
RESULTS
d and meas
peed ratio betws (um/up) agere. The thermsional stabilityunstable, z1/L
the atmosphn very unsta
Non-stabilityw and the eed at 70 morrected wind
e profiles oveeases from uiles.
methocase st
S. FProcess Engin
74911 soeren.fec
les, Atmosp
hts is necessarDue to a lacurements are nt standards su
designing offperience and ironment. luding atmosparity theory (M
wind profiles wr this purposeeasurement sation methodh is calculatedowing extrapoic Law, MOSTer law expone-min average emometer, at ed to the aon the deviatiand the impa
sensitivity of ughness lengt
sured wind s
ween the meaainst the th
mal stratificatiy parameter z
LO≈0 to neutra
heric stabilityable and unsy corrected Logarithmic
m. Contrarilyd profiles in srestimate the unstable to s
ods to tudy o
Fechner1, L. neering, Norw
1 Trondheim, chner@campus
pheric
ary for ck of often
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site is ds are d with olation T, the ent by wind 10 m
actual ion of act on input
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asured hermal ion is z1/LO. al and
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, the stable wind
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11th EAWE
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Norway
.tu-berlin.de
Figure 1: Bin-ave70m
he predicted aalculate the pomation shows hods as MOSTest errors. The
Table 1: Power o
=70 m)wer Law
arithmic LawST
nd Profile by Peñawer Law exponent
is found thlts in reducedcially, in uification. Conduced by Peñtion, the lowed with the inST. Both mod
ACKNOWLEDG
his research wBerlin and ibility.
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ulate wøya, N
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eraged ratio of mem versus stability
and measured ower output fo
that using stT and the wintable below s
utput of predicted
at by SH
III. CONC
at models ind deviations nstable and sidering all stña [4] resulteest error on ntroduced winels achieve an
EMENT
was realized thNTNU. I w
rbines-Part 3: Dea, Switzerland, 20Design of Offshoke Veritas, 2014
Gryning, B.Hasagd Profile in the Mr Meteorology No-Högström and U
Wind Frequency ological Data", Jo78
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
wind spNorway
e and Technol
easured and prediy parameter at 10
d wind speeds or a Vestas Vtability correcnd profile by Psummarizes th
d and measured wPower output [
1314 1245 1279 1284 1285 1156
CLUSION
ncluding atmoto the actuavery unsta
tability classeed in the higha power outp
nd profile by n error of 2.4%
through a coowould like to
esign requiremen009. ore Wind Turbine
ger, "MeasuremeMarine Atmospho. 129, pp. 479-4U. Högström, "A
Distribution forournal of Applied
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
peed y logy,
icted wind speeds0m
at 70 m are u100 1.8 MW. cted extrapolaPeña result in
he results:
wind speeds at 70[kW] Error
5.4%2.8%2.4%2.4%12.1%
ospheric stabal measuremeable atmosphs the wind prohest accuracyput calculatio
Peña as wel%.
operation betwo thank for
nts for offshore
e Structure, DNV
ents and Modellinheric Boundary L95 December 200 practical Metho
Lowest 200m d Meteorology no
rope 2015
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goal is to studlity, different rent seasons hness, in this tensive measu
ultaneously. Osturbed airflowSC is measuri
the cliff anntial flow acceesults of thesedate a CFD mral days of me
ependant on td, characteris
as with increashe approxima
uence of the lif
ACKNOWLED
he projects “LFederal Minisdecision of th
REFERENCE
Wildmann, N., Aircraft (RPA) doi:10.5194/asr-
PhD Semina
r An Eearch craft. mith#, Jens B
versität Tübing
of wind turbines
dy the airflow wind speeds with varyin
complex terraurements, two
One is measurw upstream thing in a fine vd further dowelerations, sepe measuremenmodel of theeasurements w
II. CONC
he wind directics of the flosed turbulenceate distance tfted flow is att
DGEMENTS
Lidar complex”try for Econo
he German Bu
S and Bange, J.:
for Wind Energy-11-55-2014, 201
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
EscarpUsing
Bange#
gen
at the test-site in
in different reand wind dire
ng land-use aain. As a fligho MASCs are o
ring the vertihe escarpmenvertical racet
ownstream, inparation, and rnts will be use area. Prelimwill be present
CLUSION
ction and meaow over the e, lower horizto the escarptenuated, can
” and “KonTeomic Affairs aundestag.
MASC - A smy Research., Adv14.
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
pment g Sma
n Schnittlingen
egimes of therections, as weand thus sur
ht strategy on doperated
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n order to dereattachment.sed to initiate minary resultted.
n horizontal wescarpment v
zontal wind sppment, where
be identified.
est” are fundeand Energy ba
mall Remotely Pi. Sci. Res., 11, 5
rope 2015
many er 46
all
rmal ell as rface days
f the other ectly etect
and s of
wind vary. peed,
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d by ased
iloted 55-61,
92
C
K
Wihavturbthewin
Thiopequafrom Wisamdet
OCharac
Keywords – F
nd turbines ve put lifetimbine allows turbine andnd turbine.
is project exerational fatiantities to bem simulated
nd turbine sme values oftermine whet
Operaticterist
Fatigue, LiDA
are huge finme extensionfor predictiv
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simulations if mean windther wind wi
ional Ftics fo
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nancial assetn high on thve schedulingents. These f
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Hart1, David ne CDT, Unive
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lculatirbine T
MacMillan2
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h.ac.uk
h.ac.uk
CT
me conditiony determiningpairs, as welole in any at
ed, turbulencdes. LiDAR ibility of a lo
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PhD Semina
on froTower hclyde
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ookup table a
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ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
om Wir and B
ult of this, ute damage acdiction of retend the oper
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
ind Blade
tility companccumulated bemaining liferational life
rofile to preossible for thfatigue dama
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rope 2015
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Renewaand wind enthesis is to existing elecsystem usingfunctions whsystem (suppassociated representing a
Figure1. W
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chnological lal system wchnology thatthe constrainontact and pr
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integrate intelallow wireless a moving paected buses to
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Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
lligence withtransmission
art regardless o the input of tthe constraint
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rope 2015
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94
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es operate byomer (DE).
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Ben M1 CDT Wind
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nstitute for Ene
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BSTRACT
nvestigate the pn of a buoy ctric polymers to expand th
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evice. The Pnonlinear. Ta buoy will b ConstructingDavid Foreh
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AL INFORMATI
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W E LeitheadEnergy System
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arge ClyWEC
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ath.ac.uk
Electrical Eng
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citance, C, in
ged when expn contracted, tenergy genera
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REFERENCES han Cong Binh, DExperimental Inrator, Intenaional6, No. 5, 2015
PhD Semina
ControC Dev
orehand*3 y of Strathclyd
lasgow G1 1X
gineering, Un
versity of Edin
ncreases (aspanded and ththe voltage, Vated is then:
yWEC designled through p
eaving buoy depending onoint of the doidal force. Tand troughs aance of the DEve of this proj
g and dischar
lly allow fog amplitude ann irregular or
Doan, Ngoc Chi nvestigation on l Journal of Prec
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
ol for avice
de.
XW, UK
iversity of Str
nburgh
)
hen kept at thVout, will incre
ns the charginpressure sens
device whicn the wave adisplacement These points wand thus to thE respectivelyject to design
rging is determ
or optimal ennd phase sinur random sea
i Nam, Kyoung KDielectric Ele
cision Engineerin
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
a
rathclyde
[1]. If the D
he same chargease (as Q = C
(1)
g and dischargors and set t
ch experienceamplitude, it
w/r/t time twwill be relatehe maximum
y. a control stra
mined by . T
nergy harvesusoid and thena state could
Kwan Ahn, Modectro-Active Polng and Manufact
rope 2015
many er 49
E is
ge Q CV).
ging time
es a will
wice ed to
and
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This
sting n its d be
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95
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Tan inteof wnumhasdayThubendiffThiWEand
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Keywords – Wdy, heaving b
The Wave Eninternationall
erested in the wave energy merical or phy annual one-d
y meeting waursday 16th Anchmarking stferent array mis test case coECs which wod radiated wav
The WEC to bemispherical
rAWaT [2] procylinder is c
ernal force inmper, which tion of the cylce should be tpower captur
The simple timated exploitin
EC Ar
Wave energybuoy
I. AB
nergy Convertly leading gr
hydrodynamconverters. T
ysical (i.e. in wday meetings aas held in Q
April. As parttudy was prop
modelling toolonsisted of twould interact wves that they p
be modelled iend, as was uojects. To simconstrained ton the heave applies a co
linder. In eachthe same for bre of the isolatme domain mg the Cummin
rray M
#Wind and M
Royal Coll
*InstiAlrick Buildin
y converter a
BSTRACT
ter Array Netwouping of re
mic modelling his modelling
wave tanks). Tand this year tQueen’s Univt of this meetposed to comls applied to awo closely-spawith each otheproduce.
s an axisymmused in the W
mplify the anao move in hdirection is
onstant force h sea-state theboth WECs anted WEC.
model used forns’ equation [
Model
G. Zo
Marine Energ
ege Building, 1giorg
itute for Energng, King's Build
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array, benchm
work (WECAsearchers whof arrays or
g can be analyThe WECAN gthe 8th annualversity Belfaing, a compa
mpare the resua specific testaced heaving r due the diffr
metric cylinderWECwakes [1alysis the motieave and thedue to a cou
that opposee coulomb damnd set to max
r the benchm3] in the form
lling B
orzi #1, D. For
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studythe compcompappli
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[1]
[2]
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11th EAWE
Bench
rehand *2
DT, University
Street, Glasgoh.ac.uk
University of Edains Road, Edinb
ac.uk
∙
erformances ostates using a m
he aim of they using a numresults of thputational effpared againstied to this prob
REFERENCES
V. StratigakiFolley, M. BExperiments Interactions bthe Sea and tFeb. 2014.
M. Folley anWave EnergyRenewable E
W. E. CummMotions,” Sc
PhD Semina
hmark
y of Strathclyd
ow, G1 1XW
dinburgh burgh EH9 3JL
∙
of the WEC armodel develop
e project is tmerical modelhis project, tficiency of tht those of oblem.
, P. Troch, T. Staenoit, A. Babarit,with Large Wave
between the Convhe Coastal Area,”
d T. Whittaker, “y Converter Array
Energy, 2013, p. V
mins, “The Impulschiffstechnik, vol.
ar on Wind E23-25
Stu
king S
de
L
∙
rray are calcuped in Matlab
to perform thl of the abovthe suitabilithe numerical other compu
allard, D. Forehant, and J. Kirkegaave Energy Conververters and Effec” Energies, vol. 7
“Preliminary Crosay Interactions,” iV008T09A055.
se Response Func. 9, no. 1661, pp.
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
Study
∙
lated for diffeb and Simulink
his benchmarkve equation. Fy, accuracy
method willutational meth
nd, J. Kofoed, M.rd, “Wave Basin
rter Arrays to Stuts on Other Users7, no. 2, pp. 701–
ss-Validation of n Volume 8: Oce
ction and Ship 101–109, 1962.
rope 2015
many er 50
(1)
erent k.
king From
and l be hods
dy s in
–734,
an
96
CW
K
me T
nonmetonlyby no Gentechbe failthe submor
Sthe torqHowsento alostequbee14%are duewhiprotrac
Aenvthe in scurrgenprois a
FWTfouthe spe
CondiWind
1,2Centre for
Keywords –chanical failu
The work repn-intrusive conthods for winy the electricathe control anadditional sennerator outpuhniques have adopted by thures in the ge
drive train. bassemblies byre challenging
Several methomost promin
que, acoustic wever, each
nsors or speciaaccess each Wt revenue duuipment instalen demonstrat% of the total
turned off ane to the wronich are used ven as a viab
cking of electr
A WT modvironment. Va
fault types sustator windingrent signals w
nerator is invcessing algor
applied to extr
Figure 1a givT. It can be und near the fu
power spectructrum of W
ition Turbi
r Renewable
– Condition ures, signal p
orted here is ndition monitd turbines (Wal measuremend protection nsors or data ut signals-bagreat econom
he wind energenerator, gearb
However, dy the analysisg.
I. INTRO
ods for WT Cent techniqueemission, fib
technique reqalized tools. MWT in order tue to the pllation and mted that senso failures in W
nd contribute ng informatiofor CM. Genble CM methrical faults in t
II. AP
del is built arious fault such as breakings are studied, which measuvestigated to
rithm based onract the amplit
III. R
es the power easily observ
fundamental frrum indicates
WT under m
Moniines U
e Energy SystLoughbo
1R.Ibr
monitoring,processing, ele
concerned intoring (CM) a
WTs). The propents that have systems of Wacquisition d
ased CM anmic benefits agy industry tobox or indeeddetecting fauls of potential f
ODUCTION
CM have evols are vibrationbre optic, andquires additioMoreover, therto install the ower outage
maintenance. For failures con
WTs [1]. In sudowntime ev
on collected fnerator output hod for the ethe generators
PPROACH
using the Mscenarios thatng in gear teeth
and then the ured from theo detect the n Fast Fourietude of fault fr
RESULTS
spectrum of ved that no srequency in ththat WT is fre
mechanical an
itoringUsingRaed Khalaf
tems Technorough Unive
rahim@lboro
, wind turbectrical gener
developing oand fault deteposed methodalready been
WTs; meaningdevices are nend fault deteand the potent detect mecha
d other elemenlts in these fault frequenc
lved over timn, oil, temperd electrical ouonal and expere is a price tsensors, as ws associated
Furthermore, intribute more
uch cases, the ven at simple from those se
signals haveearly detections [2].
MATLAB/Simt involve chanh and short cipossibility of e terminals o
faults. A sr Transform (requencies.
FFT for a heideband frequhe spectrum. ee from faults
nd electrical
(b
(c
(a
g andg Gen
f Ibrahim1, S
ology, Schoolersity, LE11 3
o.ac.uk, 2S.J.
bines, rator
online ection ds use n used g that eeded. ection tial to anical nts of latter
cies is
me but rature, utput.
ensive to pay
well as with
it has e than e WTs faults
ensors e been n and
mulink anging ircuits
f using of the signal (FFT)
ealthy uency Thus, s. The
fault
condboth fundaindic
F
Sisignamechextrafrequa Wlabor
Re
[1]
[2]
11th EAWE
b)
c)
a)
d FauneratorSimon Watso
l of Electroni3TU, United
Watson@lbo
ditions are shoscenarios cl
amental freqcation of the p
Fig. 1 FFT ana (b) me
imulation resals have charahanical and eact properly thuencies. FurthT drive trainratory.
eferences J. Ribrant and Lwith focus on swEngineering So2007. J. P. Barton andcondition monitGeneration, vol.
0
Spec
trum
0
0.002
0.004
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0 50
Spec
trum
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X: 5Y: 0
XY
X: 44.07Y: 0.02955
Spec
trum
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
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0.03
0.035
0.04
X: 15.14Y: 0.04448
X: 19.9Y: 0.02841
X: 24.29Y: 0.020
X: 3Y: 0
PhD Semina
ult Dr Out
on 2
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oro.ac.uk
own in Figure early indicateuency. Theseresence of fau
alysis of statorechanical faul
IV. CONC
ults have shacteristic freqelectrical faulhe features relher work will bn test rig to i
L. Bertling, “Survwedish wind powciety General M
d S. J. Watson, “toring of a small 7, no. 4, pp. 341
50 10
X: 49.95Y: 0.01659
100 150 200
: 54.2: 0.02667
X: 59.69Y: 0.0192
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41
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Stu
Diagnoutput
l and System
1b and Figure frequency e frequency ults in WT.
r current for (lt (c) electrica
CLUSION
hown that thquencies that lt. Moreover,lated with chabe validated einvestigate C
vey of failures inwer plants during Meeting, 2007. IE
“Analysis of elecwind turbine,” I
1–349, 2013.
Frequency (Hz)100 150
Frequency (Hz)00 250 300
Frequency (Hz)150 200
Energy in EurSeptember 2
uttgart, GermPoste
osis oSigna
ms Engineerin
re 1c respectivcomponents components
a) healthy WTal fault
he stator curgive evidenc FFT is usedaracteristic deexperimentallyM signals in
n wind power sys1997-2005,” in PEEE, pp. 1–8, I
ctrical power datET Renewable P
200
350 400 450
0 250
rope 2015
many er 51
of als
ng,
vely, near
are
T
rrent ce of d to efect y on
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stems Power IEEE,
ta for Power
500
300
97
K
in tion
T
warTurDri
Tsignnewthe demreduon achanarotouremthe (PHthe pro(W
Trotoed tdrivwhivia gridMHandorig
Mech
Keywords – Wthe Loop Sin, Nacelle Tes
This paper prre in the Looprbine Nacelle ves (CWD) o
The number onificantly in twable energy
future, particumand. One ofuce the cost othe turbines b
hieve that, thealyzed in detaor plane cannments are noCWD built
HiL), and SignWT drive tr
vides the oppTC) loop and
II. NACEL
The above meor shaft (yelloto the load apve (dark gray)ile the generathe inverter
d. The mechanHiL and PHiLd actuators areginal WTC ca
hanicafor a W
Wind Energyimulation, Inst Bench, Wi
resents concep (MHiL) sim
Test Bench f RWTH Aach
I. INTR
of wind turbinthe last yearssources to esularly with re
f the most proof wind energby adjusting e system perfail which is noot be measure
ot repeatable. a Nacelle Te
nal-level HiL rain behaviorportunity to thus to take it
LLE TEST BENC
Fig. 1: Nac
entioned test bow) of the dismpplication syst) and a non-torator with intesystem and t
nical and elecL system, rese emulated by
an be tested as
l-leveWind
Chris#Institu
S
*Center
y, Mechanicanertia-Eigenfnd Turbine C
epts for Mechmulation applie
at the Centehen Universit
RODUCTION
ne (WT) instas motivated bstablish a sus
egard to the womising resea
gy is to minimcontrol and d
formance in tot possible ased precisely. To overcome
est Bench w(SHiL) simul
r [1]. Additioclose the wints impact into
CH WITH HIL
celle Test Bench
bench is depimounted WT tem (LAS) corque load unit
egrated gear (the transformctrical loads arspectively. Thy the SHiL sy illustrated in
l HardTurbi
stian Leisten#
ute of Automat
Steinbachstraß1c.leist
r for Wind Pow
al-level Hardfrequency EmControl
hanical-level Hed to the new r for Wind P
ty.
allations has gby the need fostainable supporld’s fast groarch approach
mize the wind design. In ordthe field has s the wind oveBesides, the me these difficith MHiL, Poation to inves
onally, this fend turbine coaccount.
SIMULATION
cted in Fig. 1nacelle is con
onsisting of at (NTL, light g(blue) is conner to the elecre calculated bhe missing seystem wherebFig. 2.
dwareine Na
#*1, Uwe Jass
tic Control, R
ße 54, 52074 [email protected]
wer Drives, R
dware mula-
Hard-Wind
Power
grown for re-ply in owing hes to loads
der to to be er the meas-culties ower-
stigate eature ontrol
1. The nnect-direct gray), nected ctrical by the ensors by the
II
Thinertition as wdecreof thtranspitchtion combseconduce
ThlationrecenfurthWTvalid
A
ThEcon
R[1]
[2]
[3]
11th EAWE
in theacelle smann#*, Dir
WTH Aachen
Aachen, Germachen.de
RWTH Aachen
Fig. 2
II. MHIL WITH
he MHiL comia-eigenfrequecalculates the
well as the piteases the aero
he missing rotosmission behavh control loopis extended t
bination with nd eigenfrequd [3].
IV. CO
he MHiL apprn and experimnt project. Thher and adapt
shall be moudate the MHiL
ACKNOWLEDG
his research isnomic Affairs
REFERENCES Helmedag, A., Jacobs, G., Monware in the looMagazine, vol. 1Jassmann, U., RInertia Emulatio19th IFAC WorldJassmann, U., Hcy Emulation fIEEE Internatio(AIM), 2015
PhD Semina
e LoopTest B
rk Abel#*
University
many
University
2: HiL Concept o
H INERTIA-EIG
mprises the aeency emulatioe wind loads btch and yaw dynamic torquor so as to repvior adequate [2]. Furtherm
towards an ina state feedba
uency of the c
ONCLUSION AN
roach has beementally on a e aim of the cit to the new
unted and run L concept.
EMENTS
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Isermann, T., Jnti, A., „Testing nop test bench“, IE17, pp. 26-33, 20Reiter, M., Abel, on at Wind Turbid Congress, pp. 1
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REFERENCES Yang, W., TavWind Energy CFaulstich, S., H337, 2011.
M
wind turbine
cost of energneration. Currresult conditioility and reducy available comeaningful outhy downtimefavourable wey of Strathclyith a mechani
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vner, P. J., CrabtrConference, MarHahn, B., Tavner
VMulti-S
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e, gearbox, c
gy is a key irently in the on monitoringce operation aondition monitutput [1]. Stues due to comeather conditioyde’s gearbox ical loop to cInstruments Cre measureme
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ree, C. J., “An Intrseille, France, 20r, P. J., “Wind Tu
VibratioStage E
OwainMarine Energy
al College Buiowain
condition mo
ssue if wind UK there is
g of wind turband maintenantoring system
udies of windmplex logistica
ons. Commoncondition mo
circulate poweCompactRIO,ent. The mainencies, whichtemperature one acceleromete
telligent Approac009. urbine Downtime
on AnEpicycn Roberts, My Systems CDT
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power is to a trend towar
bines is an incnce costs. Con
ms are limited d turbine reliaal and technicn gearbox failuonitoring test rer, and is cap, which has fn analysis of h will vary win the vibrationers will be mo
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1. PhD Seminar, Pfaffenwaldring 472. Lunch, Universitätsstraße 343. Cafeteria
Stairways to S-Bahn station „Universität“
University of Stuttgart (Vaihingen)
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1
Townhall Stuttgart
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1
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Suggested connection: