Body Movements and Articulations

8/10/2019 Body Movements and Articulations

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Articulations and Body Movements

Objectives

Upon competition of this laboratory exercise you should be able to:

1. Describe these body movements in their appropriate anatomical

planes.

. !ame and describe the " structural cate#ories of joints theirmobility.

". !ame and describe both functional and structural cate#ories of

joints and compare their structure and mobility.$. %eco#ni&e the follo'in# anatomical movements

a. (exion vs. extensionb. abduction vs. adductionc. medial ) internal* vs. lateral )external* rotation.d. pronation vs. supinatione. eversion vs. inversionf. plantar (exion vs. dorsi(exion#. elevation vs. depressionh. protraction vs. retractioni. circumduction

+he adult s,eletal system is comprised of - bones that are connected to

each other by ligaments. Any place 'here to bones meet is called a joint or

(articulation). +he study of joint structure function and dysfunction is called

arthrology. +he joints are typically named based on the bones they attach. /or

example the sternoclavicular joint.0oint can be classied based on both their mobility (Functional)and the

tissue they are derived from )2tructure*. 2tructural classication 'ould include

fbrous3 cartilaginous and synovial joints. /unctional classication focuses on

the de#ree of movement in a particular joint. +hese 'ould include synathroses

) immoveable* 3 amphiarthrosis)sli#htly moveable joints3 and

diarthoses) freely movable*. 0ust remember the acronym 2AD. /rom the least to

most movement.

/ibrous joints a,a synathrosis0oints are bones that are bond by colla#en bers. +hese joints are very stron#

and stable. +here 'ill be very little movement in these joints. +he " types of

brous joints include suturesin the s,ull3 Gomphosisbindin# your teeth3 and

syndesmosis 'hich are the brous connections bet'een the tibia and bula.


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Cartilaginous Joints ( Amphiarthrosis)


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+hese bones that are lin,ed by colla#en. +here are t'o types.

Synchodroses'hich are joints bound by hyaline cartila#e. 4e see these in the

#ro'th plates of a #ro'in# child and the costal cartila#e of the sternum.

Symphysesjoints are bound by brocartila#e. +he vertebral discand pubis

symphysisare examples of symphyses. +here is a small amount of movement

that occurs in these joints.

2ynovial 0oints )Diarthrodial*

2ynovial 0oints are the type of joint most people thin, of 'hen you as, them

'hat a joint is. +hey are structurally complex joints 'hich the articulatin# bone

ends are separated by ajoint cavitycontainin# synovial uid. +his (uid is

,no'n to be one of the most viscous solutions on earth. 5t nourishes and creates a

friction free environment. +here is a out fbrous capsulecontinuous of the

periosteum of the adjoinin# bones . +hese joints may contain meniscus 'hichare cartila#inous structures that absorb shoc, and help #uild the motion. +he

+emporomandibular joint has a piece of brocartila#e called the articular disc.

+hey may be found in the radialulna3 sternoclavicular and temporalmandibular

joints. Other accessory structures include a tendon that connects bone to muscle

and li#aments that connect bone to bone. +here 'ill be bursas that are brous

sacs that are lled 'ith synovial (uid that located bet'een muscles and tendons.

5n(ammation of this is clinically called bursitis.


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6lassication of 2ynovial 0oints


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2ynovial joints are classied based on 'hat that functionally acts li,e. +he

shape of the articular surfaces at the distal end of the bones alon# 'ith the

muscles that attach to them 'ill determine the ran#e of motion at each particular

joint.

All body movements are based on the anatomical position. +he movements

occur in the three anatomical planes3 Coronal! Sagital and Frontal.


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Fle"ion # $"tensionFle"iondecreases the an#le of a joint 'hile e"tensionreturns to the anatomical

position. +hese movements occur in the sa#ital plane.%ypere"tension of a joint is 'hen it extension #oes beyond 17- de#rees.+hese movements usually occur at hin#e joints.

Abductionis movement of a part a'ay from the midline.


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Adductionis movement to'ards the midline.+hese movements occur in the coronal) frontal* plane.

&orsie"ion ' movin# the foot up'ard.lantar e"ion' pointin# the foot do'n'ard.

ccur in the sagital plane

*nternal +otation(,edial) $"ternal +otation (-ateral)

,edial rotation turns the bone toard the midline o/ the body.-ateral rotation turns the bone outard aay /rom midline o/ the body. 0he

movement occurs along the transverse a"is.


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+he spine can also rotate alon# a transverse axis. 8oo,in# or turnin# to ri#ht to left

2upination 9 ronation 96ircumduction

ronation : is the movement of the palm from anterior or up'ard facin# to posterior or

do'n 'ard position.Supination: is the movement of the palm from posterior to anterior returnin# your

hands to anatomical position.Cirumduction' is a combination of (exion3 extension3 abduction and adduction. +he

shoulder and thumb can do this motion.

Scapular movements


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,ovements o/ the ,andibleChewing food requires the temporomandibular joint to move in a multi planer directions.Elevation of the mandible closes the mouthDepression close the mouth.

Protraction Retraction moves the mandible in an anterior and posterior direction.Lateral ecursion moves mandible laterall! awa! from the midline.


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"edial ecursion moves the mandible bac# to the midline

Movements of the Hand and Digits

%adial and ulna (exion ) deviation* moves the 'rist in side to side.Abduction of n#ers and thumb spread

Opposition is movement of the thumb to approach or touch the n#ertips %eposition is movement bac, to the anatomical position

+ypes of Articulations

Articulation 2tructural +ype /unctional +ype Mobility

;lenohumeral


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5ntervertebral disc

ubis synthesis


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Documents

Body Movements and Articulations