UNIT 1 GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT (I)Illustrative Situations/. Study these example situations:Torn 1ь looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his keyWhen we use the Present Perfect there is a connection withthe present:I've lost the key. (=1 haven't got it now.)Jim has gone to Canada. (=He is in Canada or on his waythere )Oh, dear! I've forgotten her name. (= I can't remember it now.)Have you washed the dishes? (—Are they clean now?)The train hasn't arrived yet. (=The train isn't at the sta-tion.)The train has already arrived. ( = The train is at the station.)//. Listen to the texts and answer the questions:1 Mr Collins gave his secretary some letters to type an hour ago. He is going home soon and he wants to sign the letters before he leaves. He has just picked up the phone and asked his secretary this question:"Have you done those letters yet?"Questions: When did Mr Collins give his secretary the letters? Why does he want to sign them now? What has he just done? What is his question?2 Arthur's secretary has just stopped another secretary in thecorridor."Have you seen Mr Tigers?" she wants to know"Yes, I have I saw him only a moment ago He's just gone down that corridor " She might catch him if she hurries.Questions: What has Arthur's secretary just done? What does she want to know? Has the other secretary seen Arthur? What has he just done?3. The police are asking the ticket collector about a man theythink might be on the London tram."Have you seen this man?""No, I haven't. I mean, I don't think so.""Has the London train left yet?""No, it hasn't."Questions: Why are the police asking the ticket collector about the man in the photograph? What are their questions? What are the collector's answers?///. Listen and imitate. Role-play the conversations.1. — So you are back from town— Yes, and I've brought you a book from the library— That's very nice of you.2. — Aunt has promised to take me to the theatre.— Will she be able to afford it, do you think?— I hope so.3. — Will Jane come to the dance tonight, do you think?— I don't think so.— Why not?— Because she hasn't come home yet.4. — It's Mrs Baker's birthday tomorrow.— I know.— Have you written to her yet?— No, I haven't, but I'm going to.5. — Has Tom got married?— Yes, he has.— When did he get married?— Last month.6. — Has Jane learnt to drive?— No, she hasn't.— When is she going to learn?— Next month, I think.7. — I am worried about Paul. He's failed his exam again.— I say, he must be either unlucky or ill.— He is neither unlucky nor ill. He is simply lazy— You may be right.8. — Have you thanked David for all his wonderful help?

— No, I haven't.— Why haven't you?— I'm sorry, but I've been unable to get in touch with him.9. — Have you written to Ann?— No, I haven't.— Why haven't you?— I'm sorry, but I've been awfully busy.10. — Jim is going to become a professional footballer.— Is he really?— Yes, he is, though he has never played in the school team.— How extraordinary!11. — What's the matter?— I've just fallen off my bicycle.— Poor boy!12. — Mike Hanson has joined a jungle expedition.— What for?— To shoot a film about animals— That's very brave of him.13. — I've found this pen Is it yours?— No, it isn't mine I think it's Kate's.— I don't think so, she has a green one.— But she has more than one pen14. — Have you ever been to Scotland?— I've only been there once, but I've often been to Wales.— I've never been to Wales. Is it pleasant there?— Oh, very pleasant, but it frequently rains in summer.15. — You've missed a lot of English classes lately— Yes, I'm afraid so.— I hope you'll come to class on Tuesday.— I'm afraid not. I'll be going to Moscow on Tuesday.16. — I don't see my dictionary on the table. Who has taken it?— It's me. I have put it on the shelf17. — Have you ever been to St. Petersburg?— Yes, I've been there several times.— As for me I've never been there.— Really? You should see it. It's one of the most beautiful cities I've ever seen.18. — Have you read many books this year?— I wouldn't say that. Just a couple.— Which book has interested you most?— "Hotel" by A Hailey.19. — I'm afraid I have caught cold. I am not feeling well.— Have you called the doctor?— Yes, Mother has just phoned him.20. — I see Peter hasn't returned yet, eh?— No, he hasn't.— Why is he so long?— I think he has gone to the movies.21. — What's the time?— Sorry, I've left my watch at home.22. — You know the city well You have been here before, haven'tyou?— Yes, I have.23. "Henry!" "Yes, dear?""I'm going up to bed now. Don't forget to do your little jobs." "No, dear."Henry turned off the television and went into the kitchen. He fed the cat, washed up several dishes, dried them and put them away. Then he put the cat out, locked all the doors and turned out all the lights. When he got to the bedroom, his wife was sitting up in bed reading a book and eating chocolates."Well dear, have you done all your little jobs?" "I think so, my love." "Have you fed the cat?" "Yes, dear.""Have you put him out?" "Yes, dear.""Have you washed up the dishes?" "Yes, dear.""Have you put them all away?" "Yes, dear.""Have you turned out all the lights?" "Yes, dear.""Have you locked the front door?" "Yes, dear."

"Then you can come to bed." "Thank you, dear."After a little while they heard a gate banging downstairs. "Henry." . "Yes, dear.""I'm afraid you've forgotten to shut the garden gate." "Oh dear! ..."Practice/. Listen and imitate:1. Look! Dick has bought a record. 2. Pat hasn't given me the book yet. 3. I've just come from a very important meeting. 4. He has not thought about university yet. 5. They have received a lot of letters. 6. He has forgotten her name. 7. John is hungry because he hasn't had any breakfast. 8. We have done exercise No 2. 9. I have just spoken to my boyfriend on the phone. 10. She has planned an expensive holiday. 11. I haven't written to my wife yet. 12. My parents have just gone out for the evening. 13. Bill has asked me for some money. 14. Helen has brought the mail. 15. Our team has won the game. 16. He has paid a lot of money for his house. 17.Oh, dear, it's going to rain and I've left my umbrella at home. 18. The course has already begun. 19. I have drunk three cups of coffee. 20. Oh, I've cut my finger. 21. I have not sent a letter to my mother yet. 22. She hasn't seen her parents yet. 23. I have never met him before. 24. Andrew has chosen a good present. 25. I've been to Paris, but I haven't been to London yet. 26. George has taken a lot of books from the library. 27. Victor has told us an interesting story. 28. Mr Robinson has taught us English. 29. He has spent his holidays in the Caucasus. 30. They have sold their car. 31. I have made a lot of mistakes in my test. 32. Roger has lost his ticket. 33. I remember that I have put the magazine on this shelf. 34. Lucy has drawn a nice picture. 35. I have broken my umbrella. 36. Robert has become an engineer. 37. I haven't read the article yet. 38. Have you eaten your steak? 39. Have you heard this opera before? 40. Have the police found the man yet? 41. Has he lent you any money? 42. Has Bill shown you his new car? 43. Have you signed the documents? 44. Have you caught much fish today? 45. Have you ever swum in the Atlantic Ocean?//. Agree with the following utterances. Show the connection of these completed past actions with the present in their result. Use the prompts.e.g. — You have washed the dishes, haven't you? (clean)— Yes, I have. They are clean.e.g. — Mary hasn't done the room, has she? (untidy)— No, she hasn't. It's very untidy.1. You've brought the records, haven't you? (in my bag) 2. You haven't had dinner yet, have you? (hungry) 3. Susan has passed her exams, hasn't she? (on holiday now) 4. Victor has gone away on business, hasn't he? (in Moscow now) 5. You haven't fixed the TVset, have you? (still, out of order) 6. You have typed the article, haven't you? (on the table) 7. You have made dinner, haven't you? (ready) 8. You have worked hard today, haven't you? (tired). 9. Bob hasn't come home yet, has he? (still, at work) 10. Jane has caught cold, hasn't she? (ill)///. Express your disagreement with the following interrogative-negative utterances:e.g. — You haven't seen Steve today, have you?— Yes, I have. I've just seen him.1. You haven't laid the table, have you? 2. He hasn't found his glasses, has he? 3. You haven't written to Paul, have you? 4. The lecture hasn't begun yet, has it? 5. She hasn't sent the parcel, has she? 6. John hasn't come yet, has he? 7. You haven't shut the door, have you? 8. He hasn't paid the bill yet, has he? 9. Youhaven't told Dick, have you? 10. You haven't made tea, have you? 11. You haven't done your homework, have you? 12. Kitty hasn't woken up yet, has she? 13. Bill hasn't phoned you, has he? 14. The boss hasn't left yet, has he? 15. The postman hasn't brought the mail yet, has he? 16. You haven't washed my shirt yet, have you? 17. You haven't spoken to the boss yet, have you? 18. You haven't booked the tickets, have you? 19. You haven't read the article yet, have you? 20. You haven't cut the bread yet, have you?IV. Answer the questions. Do it as in the example: e.g. — Has Simon sent a postcard to his mother?— Yes, he has sent her a postcard.1. Have you made a sweater for Peter? 2. Have the boys bought a present for me? 3. Has Roger given any money to you? 4. Have you lent your typewriter to Susan? 5. Have you made a cake for George and his wife? 6. Have you shown your album to Jack? 7. Have you sent a birthday card to Jane's parents? 8. Has Peter written a letter to you and your wife?V. Say that you have already done what you are asked to do:e.g. — Don't forget to answer the letters.— I've already answered them.1. Don't forget to buy the tickets. 2. Remember to sign the papers. 3. Don't forget to write to Mr Smith. 4. Don't forget to wash the dishes. 5. Remember to dust the bookshelves. 6. Don't forget to fix the sink. 7. Remember to phone Dr Ray. 8. Remember to cook the pudding. 9. Don't forget to post the letter. 10. Don't forget to tell Peter about the match. 11. Remember to pack our things. 12. Remember to clean your shoes. 13. Don't forget to polish the mirrors. 14. Remember to send the parcel. 15. Don't forget to shave.VI. Say that you can't give your opinion on the subject. Follow the model:e.g. — What do you think of the exhibition? (visit) — I haven't visited it yet.1. Do you like the "Minsk" hotel? (stay) 2. How do you like the new Ryasanov's film? (see) 3. Do you find his sister pretty? (meet) 4. What does she think of the opera? (hear). 5. Do you like the book? (read) 6. How do you find

Brest? (visit) 7. Does the suit fit you? (try on)VII. Refuse the offers politely:e.g. — Would you like something to eat? (have dinner)10— No, thank you. I've just had dinner.1. Would you like a cigarette? (smoke one) 2. Would you like a cake? (eat one) 3. Would you like an orange? (have one)4. Would you like a cup of coffee? (drink one) 5. Would you like a bottle of red wine? (buy one) 6. Would you like to taste my biscuits? (taste one)e.g. — Shall I post the letter?— No, you needn't, thank you. I've already (just) posted it. 1. Shall I wash the windows? 2. Shall I book a ticket for you?3. Shall I buy you some medicine? 4. Shall I type your report?5. Shall I translate the article? 6. Shall I phone Helen? 7. Shall I repair the iron? 8. Shall I dust the furniture?VIII. Answer the questions using the prompts:e.g. — What has become of your bicycle, Peter? (break)— Don't you know? I've broken it.1. Where is Alec? (leave for Rome.) 2. What has become of your umbrella? (lose) 3. Where are the Browns? (go to London)4. Why hasn't Mary come? (fall ill) 5. Where is your car? (sell)6. Why does Jane look so upset? (fail her finals) 7. I hear your brother is at hospital. What has happened to him? (break one's arm)e.g. — Will Lucy take part in the discussion? (not, return from Glasgow)— I don't think so. She hasn't returned from Glasgow yet. 1. Will Mike go to the pictures with us? (not, do one's homework) 2. Will Donald come to the party? (not, pass one's exams) 3. Will Sam Morgan play today? (not, recover) 4. Will the boss be leaving soon? (not, receive all the visitors) 5. Will Mary join us? (not, finish work) 6. Will Peter be leaving for London tonight? (not, buy a ticket)IX. Complete the situations. Use the verbs given:e.g. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.1. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster, (break) 2. Jane was busy typing some time ago. Now she is free, (finish typing) 3. Mr Brown knows much, (read a lot) 4. Kate is very happy, (do well in all her exams) 5. The girl is crying, (fall down) 6. The students were doing a test at5. They are having a break at the moment, (write one's test)7. I am very tired, (do a lot of work about the house) 8. Betty is pleased, (swim much today) 9. Harry is proud, (become a student) 10. I don't remember where Steve lives, (forget one's address)11A". Complete the situations. Use "so far":e.g. — I saw Tom yesterday but I haven't seen him so far today. 1. It rained a lot last week but ... this week. 2. It snowed a lot last winter but ... this winter. 3. We ate a lot yesterday but ... today. 4. I played tennis a lot last year but ... this year. 5. She worked hard last term but ... this term. 6. I watched television yesterday evening but ... this evening. 7. My favourite football team won a lot of matches last season but ... this season.XL You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about the people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form: e.g. Phil/find a new job.Phil has found a new job.Dear Chris,Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.1. Charles/go/Brazil2. Jack and Jill/decide to get married3. Susan/have a baby4. Mike/give up smoking5. George/pass his driving test6. Mary/become a student7. My parents/retireXII. Complete the answers to these questions. Use the verbs in brackets:e.g. — Is it a beautiful painting? (see)— Yes, it's the most beautiful painting I've ever seen.1. Is she an interesting person? (meet) 2. Is it a long book? (read) 3. Is it a good opera? (hear) 4. Is the article difficult? (translate) 5. Is the film funny? (see) 6. Is Uncle Jack a kind man? (know) 7. Is it an exciting trip? (have) 8. Is the record expensive? (buy) 9. Is Mary a tall girl? (meet) 10. Is the test hard? (do)XIII. Ask and answer questions using the words given:e.g. you/book the tickets— Have you booked the tickets?— No, I haven't but I'm going to.

1. Mary/type the article; 2. they/discuss the project; 3. you/eat at the new Italian restaurant; 4. you/pack the suitcase; 5. Peter/see the film; 6. you/begin the experiment; 7. you/tell Mary about the picnic; 8. Nancy/translate the text; 9. the Wests/sell their house; 10. David/do his homework; 11. Jack/buy a car; 12. you/have dinner; 13. she/speak to the rector; 14. you/hear "Aida"; 15. Dick/12read the article; 16. you/phone Lucy; 17. you/choose a present for Bill; 18. you/send for the doctor; 19. Harry/get married, e.g. Peter/get up/have breakfast— Has Peter got up yet?— Yes, he has. He is having breakfast now.1. Tom/do one's exercises/play chess; 2. Jill/check the tests/ watch TV; 3. Lucy/have dinner/wash up; 4. Mary/clean the flat/type; 5. Jane/write the letters/dust the carpet; 6. you/cook supper/lay the table, e.g. John/get up/sleep— Has John got up yet?— No, he hasn't. He's still sleeping.1. Emma/cook dinner/make soup; 2. you/give the book back to Mike/read; 3. Dick/leave for the airport/pack one's suitcase; 4. Kate/find one's gloves/look for them; 5. Miss Green/finish typing/type; 6. the boys/return home/play football, e.g. you/Warsaw— Have you ever been to Warsaw?— Yes, I've been there several times, (twice, once) (No, I have never been there)1. you/London; 2. your wife/Brest; 3. your husband/Paris; 4. you/India; 5. your sister/Georgia; 6. your brother/Siberia; 7. you/China; 8. your boss/France; 9. you/Kiev; 10. you/Glasgow; 11. you/Yalta, e.g. you/hear from George/recently— Have you heard from George recently?— Yes, I have. (No, I haven't)1. you/read much/lately; 2. you/eat anything/today; 3. you/have a holiday/this year; 4. you/see/any good films/lately; 5. you/play tennis/recently; 6. you/see/Tom/in the past few days; 7. you/work hard/this week; 8. you/often/go out/lately; 9. you/ swim/much/recently; 10. you/be abroad/this year.XIV. Respond to the following suggestions:e.g. — Let's book the tickets tomorrow.— Haven't you booked them yet?— No, I haven't.1. Let's invite Helen to the party. 2. Let's write a letter to Uncle Jack. 3. Let's make supper. 4. Let's hear "Carmen". 5. Let's see this film. 6. Let's send her a telegram. 7. Let's wash the windows. 8. Let's visit the art exhibition.XV. Express surprise in response to the following utterances:e.g. — Jack has failed his exam.— Has he?13e.g. — Robert hasn't come.— Hasn't he?1. They have already finished the test. 2. We haven't invited the Blacks. 3. I have never heard this song before. 4. Mary has enjoyed the performance. 5. The Wests have sold their house. 6. Roger has won the race. 7. My parents have never been abroad. 8. Dick hasn't helped me. 9. Jane has decided to become an actress. 10. Mr Smith has already left. 11. John hasn't fixed the sink.XVI. Express solidarity:e.g. — I have already read this book. And you?— So have I.e.g. — Kate hasn't come yet. And Betsy?— Neither has Betsy.1. David has caught a lot of fish. And Jack? 2. Mary has enjoyed the film. And Lucy? 3. I haven't heard from Steve yet. And you? 4. Ann has never been to Spain. And Bill? 5. I have already had dinner. And you? 6. Victor has already written his test. And Bob? 7. Nina hasn't left yet. And Helen? 8. John has come. And Peter?XVII. Ask and answer questions as shown in the example:e.g. Jack is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure what to do. You ask: Is this the first time you've driven a car? John: Yes, I've never driven a car before.1. Roger is playing tennis. He is not very good and doesn't know the rules. You ask: ... Roger: ...2. Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't feel very confident and comfortable. You ask: ... Sue: ...3. Maria is in England. She's just arrived and it's very new for her. You ask: ... Maria: ...4. Lucy is making a cake. But she is not sure it will be a good cake. You ask: ... Lucy:5. Mrs Smith is on board a plane flying to Canada. She feels very nervous about it. You ask: ... Mrs Smith: ...XVIII. Ask and answer questions. Use the words given.e.g. you/invite/the Baxters/the Hunts— You've invited the Baxters, haven't you?— Yes, I have but I haven't invited the Hunts.

1. you/phone/Helen/Alice; 2. Dick/bring/the map/the compass; 3. you/be/London/Liverpool; 4. you/tell/Emma/Tom; 5. Mike/send/the letter/the parcel; 6. you/see/the art-gallery/the spacemuseum.14XIX. Respond to the following phrases:e.g. — I am going to visit Paul.— So you haven't visited him yet, have you? 1. I am going to send her a telegram. 2. Jane is going to change her flat. 3. I am going to visit Helen. 4. I am going to hear "Carmen". 5. Bill is going to buy a car. 6. I am going to write to Lucy.XX. Answer the questions:1. Have you seen any interesting films lately? 2. What new places have you visited this year? 3. How many cigarettes have you smoked today? 4. How much money have you spent this week? 5. How many holidays have you spent at the seaside over the past six years? 6. Have you read much this month? 7. How many questions have you answered so far?XXI. Learn the dialogues and make substitutions:1. A: Be careful! B: Why!A: I've just painted the door.B: It's all right ... I haven't touched it.A: Haven't you? What's that on your arm?Prompts: shelf/hand; desk/leg; chair/shoulder; wall/elbow2. A: I'm bored.B: Well, do something! A: What, for example? B: Wash your hair. A: I've already washed it. B: Brush your shoes! A: I've already brushed them. B: Why don't you clean your room? A: I've already cleaned it. B: Well, ... perfect your English! A: Hmm ...Prompts: finish your homework; iron your clothes; telephone your friend; study your EnglishXXII. Complete the following phrases. Use the Present Perfect:e.g. She must work hard.She has failed her exam, (or: She has missed a lot of classes.)1. We are free now. 2. Why don't you read the article? 3. Don'tforget to phone Tom. 4. Shall I send him some money? 5. Open thedoor, please. 6. Where are the cups? 7. You must book a ticket inadvance. 8. What about going to a pub? 9. Do your homework.1510. What has happened to Paul? 11. Let's invite Mary. 12. I'm not hungry. 13. Victor won't come. 14. Switch off the light in the kitchen. 15. Ann is upset. 16. Shall I wash the dishes? 17. Will you please fix the sink? 18. What has become of your bicycle? 19. Kate looks happy. 20. Will Steve join us? 21. Did you enjoy the book? 22. Is Peter a clever man? 23. Do you like his new car? 24. You must teach him to swim. 25. I can't afford a rest at the seaside this year. 26. I'm going to post the letter on my way home. 27. Would you like a cup of tea? 28. I don't know your friend Smith. 29. What is the film about? 30. What about a game of chess? 31. He knows France very well. 32. Why don't you buy this typewriter?XXIII. Make up dialogues using the prompts: e.g. A: I've just been to the new Chinese restaurant.B: Oh! Have you? I've just been to an Indian restaurant. Prompts: a new French car/a German car; a book by John Wyndham/a book by Nevil Shute; a new job in London/a new job in Bristol; lunch in the new canteen/lunch in the cafe round the corner; the film at the Odeon/the film at the Plaza; a concert on Radio 2/a play on Radio 3.Fluency/. Listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Role-play the conversations.\. Paul: Can you lend me $ 50?Bill: Sorry, I can't ... I haven't been to the bank today.Paul: Oh dear ... I haven't been either, and I need some money. It's too late now... it's four o'clock.Bill: Why don't you ask Peter?Paul: Oh, has he been to the bank?Bill: Yes, he has He always goes on Mondays.Questions: How much money does Paul need? Why can't Bill lend him $ 50? Has Paul been to the bank today? What does Bill advise Paul to do? 2. David: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?Nora: Yes, I've been to 47 different countries.David: Really! Have you been to China?Nora: Yes, I've visited China twice.David: What about India?Nora: I've never been to India.Questions: Has Nora travelled much? How many countries has she visited? Has she been to China? She has been to India too,16hasn't she? What countries have you visited? Have you ever been to Madrid? Have you seen Paris?

3. Father: Your mother has told me that you've given up your job.You don't want to work any more. What are your plans?John: Yes, that's right. I've decided to drive a camping bus across Europe and the Middle East to India. It's so-mething I've always wanted to do. I've saved enough money and I'm going to do it.Father: I've talked to your mother and she's very unhappy about what you're doing. Please think again.John: I've thought about it carefully and it's my decision. Questions: What has John done? What are his plans? Are John's parents happy that he has given up his job?4. Jill: Hello, Steve. I'm home. It's rather cold in here.Steve: I've turned the heating on. It's getting warm now. I've been very busy, so I'm not cold. I've washed all the windows. I've cleaned the flat and I've answered four letters. I've also cleared a lot of papers off my desk, so it looks nice and tidy now. I feel exhausted. Jill: And have you washed the dishes? Steve: I've already washed and dried the dishes. And I'vejust made a pot of tea. Come and have a cup. Jill: Wonderful! Have you painted the kitchen door? Steve: No, I haven't started with the door yet. Jill: You've worked really hard, Steve. Congratulations! Oh, Steve... I've invited Pam and Jeff for dinner. They are coming tonight and ... Have you cooked dinner? Steve: No, I haven't. Jill: Oh, good! Your curries are so good, they are better thanmineQuestions: Why does Steve feel exhausted? What housework has he done? What hasn't he done yet? Who is coming to see the Baxters tonight?Situation: You've just come home from work. You ask your daughter whether she has done the work you told her to do when you were leaving the house.5. Elmer Colt is from Kansas. He's on a 14- day tour of Europe. The tour started in London. At the moment he's in Prague. It's the eighth day of the tour. He's already been to seven countries and stayed in the capital cities. He's never been to Europe before, and he's already seen a lot of new places. He's done a lot of interesting things ... and the tour hasn't finished yet.Mrs Colt: ... Elmer? ... Is that you?Elmer: Yes, Momma.Mrs Colt: Where are you now, Elmer?17Elmer: I've just arrived in Prague, Momma.Mrs Colt: You haven't sent me any postcards yet.Elmer: Yes, I have ... I've sent one from every city.Mrs Colt: Have you been to Paris yet, Elmer?Elmer: Yes, I have.Mrs Colt: Have you been to Vienna yet?Elmer: No, I haven't. We are going to Vienna tomorrow.Mrs Colt: Elmer! Are you still there?Elmer: Yes, Momma.Mrs Colt: How many countries have you seen now, Elmer?Elmer: Well, this is the eighth day, so I've already seen eightcountries.Mrs Colt: Have you spent much money, Elmer? Elmer: Yes, Momma. I've bought a lot of souvenirs ... and I want to buy some more. Can you send me a thousand dollars?Mrs Colt: All right, Elmer. Mrs Colt: Elmer, are you listening to me? Elmer: Yes, Momma.Mrs Colt: Have you taken many photographs, Elmer? Elmer: Yes, Momma, I've taken a lot. I've used three rollsof film.Mrs Colt: Have you met any nice girls yet, Elmer? Elmer: Oh, yes, Momma... there's a girl from Texas on thetour. We've done everything together. Mrs Colt: Elmer! Elmer! Are you still there, Elmer?Questions: Where is Elmer Colt from? What is he doing at the moment? How many countries has he visited so far? Where is he phoning his mother from? Has he sent his mother any postcards? What does Elmer ask his mother to do? Has Elmer taken any photographs? Has Elmer met any nice girls? Where is his girlfriend from?Situation: Imagine you are on a tour of Europe. It's the tenth day of your tour and you are phoning your friend from Paris. Self check/. Use the proper tense forms.1. At last I (do) my homework. I can go for a walk now. 2. The delegation already (arrive) but we (not, speak) with its members yet. 3. Last month I (read) two interesting books but I (not, read) anything so far this month. 4. "You (make) any spelling mistakes in your test?" — "No, I (not, make) any mistakes." 5. "Where is Jane?" "She (go) to the shops. She'll be back soon." 6. "You ever (be) to the USA?" "Yes, I (be) to New York18several times." 7. I (play) a lot of tennis since the summer (begin). 8. We (not, see) John this morning but we (see) him a couple of days ago. 9. Harry is ill. He (have) an accident. He (break) his leg. 10. "You (finish) typing?" "Not

yet. In fact I just (begin)." 11. "How many records you (bring)?" "Five". 12. "You ever (find) anything valuable?" "No, I... ." 13. "Mr West (sell) his house yet?" "Yes, he ... . He (sell) it last week." "He (move) to his new house yet?" "No, not yet."//. Translate into English:1. Вы когда-либо играли в шахматы с Виктором? Он хорошо играет? — Не знаю. Я никогда с ним не играл. 2. Как поживает Аня? Я ее не вижу в последнее время.— Спасибо, хорошо.— А как ваш сын? Он уже окончил школу? — Да, он уже студент. 3. Я должна упаковать чемодан.— Не беспокойся, я его уже упаковал. 4. Моему племяннику только 5 лет, но он уже научился хорошо читать. 5. Вы когда-либо бывали в Англии? — Да, я был там два года назад. 6. Что случилось? — Я разбила свою любимую чашку. 7. Мы купили новый телевизор. Мне он очень нравится. 8. Нина очень расстроена. Она не сдала экзамен. 9. Ни-колай придет на вечер? — Нет, он уехал в командировку. 10. Будем смотреть сегодня вечером телевизор? — Я его еще не починил. 11. Вы уже подписали документы? — Да, вы можете их забрать.PRESENT PERFECT (I) AND SIMPLE PAST (COMPARED)

Illustrative Situations/. Study these example situations. Learn them.We use the Present Perfect (have done) to give new information or to announce a recent happening. But if we continue to talk about it we normally use the Past Simple (did):1. — Oh! I've burnt myself!— How did you do that?— I touched a hot dish.2. — I've bought a very good raincoat.— Where did you buy it?— In one of the small shops in Regent Street.— How much did it cost?— £ 50.Do not use the Present Perfect when you are talking about a finished time in the past (for example: yesterday, two years ago, in 1979, when I was a child, etc.):19Tom lost his key yesterday. I translated the article on Friday. I last saw him in 1985.Use the Simple Past to ask WHEN something happened: What time (when) did he arrive?Compare: I've smoked 20 cigarettes today, (it is still today) I smoked 20 cigarettes yesterday, (the event is past)3. Julia has just come to work. She is late again. She is asking one of the typists about her boss. He often comes in late, too. "Has the boss come yet?""Yes, he has. He's in the office now." "When did he come?""He came very early. He noticed you weren't here." Questions: What has Julia just done? Has her boss come yet? What did he notice? Did he come early or late?4. __ Have you ever studied a language before?— Yes, I have.— Oh, which one did you study?— I studied French at school.5. — Have you ever been to a wedding?— Yes, I have.— Whose wedding was it?— It was my brother's.6. — Have you ever eaten at the Royal Hotel?— Yes, I have.— When did you eat there?— Mary and I ate there two months ago.7. — Have you ever broken a bone?— Yes, I have.— What did you break?— I broke my leg.8. — Have you ever had flue?— Yes, I have.— When did you have it?— I had it last winter.9. — Have you seen any films lately?— Yes, I've ьееп "The White Canyon". -- When did you see it?— Last week,10. — Have you sold your car?— Yes, I have.— Why did you sell it?— I'd like to buy a Jaguar.

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Practice/. Respond to the following using the Present Perfett and the Simple Past:e.g. — Why don't you buy this dictionary? (yesterday)— I've already bought it. I bought it yesterday.1. Why don't you send her a telegram? (this morning) 2. Will you make tea, please? (a few minutes ago) 3. Do your homework, (before supper) 4. You should read the book, (in summer) 5. Put the towel into the suitcase, (some minutes ago) 6. Why don't you speak to the boss? (the day before yesterday) 7. What about seeing "Oliver"? (on Tuesday) 8. You should build a garage, (last year) 9. Why don't you phone Peter? (in the afternoon) 10. Tell Dick about the expedition, (last Friday) 11. Why don't you invite the Browns? (yesterday) 12. You must repair the TV set. (yesterday morning) 13. You should book the tickets in advance, (last Saturday) 14. Give her your typewriter for a few days, (yesterday)//. Say "when":e.g. Henry has fallen ill. He fell ill on Tuesday.1. They have begun the experiment. 2. I've found my ticket. 3. He has finished the work. 4. They have rung him up. 5. I have written the letter. 6. He has passed his exam. 7. She has paid for the furniture. 8. They have bought a boat. 9. They have seen the museum. 10. The porter has already brought our suitcases. 11. I've lost my umbrella again. 12. They have changed their flat. 13. She has broken her watch. !4. They have got married. 15. I've already had dinner. 16. The delegation has already arrived. 17. The train has left. 18. Victor has gone to Moscow on business. 19. I've already swum in the sea today. 20. Kitty has already woken tip. 2i I have sold my garage. 22. I have told Jack about the picnfc.///. Answer the questions using the prompts:e.g. — Has he seen Ann? (yesterday)— Yes, he saw her yesterday.1. Have you sold your car? (last month) 2. Have you spoken to Jack? (on Friday morning) 3. Have you written to Mary? (the day before yesterday) 4. Have you thrown the letter away? (some minutes ago) 5. Have you burnt the documents? (three nours ago) 6. Have you found your keys? (this morning) 7. Has your husband ever forgotten your birthday? (last year) 8. Have you rung Tom* (yesterday afternoon) 9. Has Jack ever been to Italy? (in 1990) 10. Have you heard the news? (yesterday) 11. Has she begun21 :work yet? (at 10 o'clock) 12. Have you eaten the cake? (in the morning)IV. Ask your friend whether he has done certain things and when he did them. Use the prompts:e.g. buy a house— Have you bought a house?— Yes, I have.— When did you buy it?— Two months ago.1. pay the bill 2. send for the doctor 3. see "Gone with the Wind" 4. book a ticket 5. read "War and Peace" 6. have dinner 7. receive the documents 8. type the papers 9. do one's homework 10. rest in the Crimea 11. hear "Aida" 12. choose a present 13. write the test paper 14. sell one's tentV. Study the model conversations. Then, make conversations of your own on the same model. Ask WHEN and other questions like that:1. Patricia Riley is an Irish girl. She is trying to get a job as a shorthand-typist. At interviews people ask her questions like these:"Have you ever done this sort of work before?""Where did you work last?" "How long did you work there?"2. — Have you ever been to Paris?— Yes, 1 have.— When were you there?— Last spring.— What did you think of it?— It was very beautiful.3. Richard never believes what the critics say about a film He always asks his friends instead. He wants to know if the new Fellini film is any good He is talking to a friend now. His firstquestion is:"Have you seen the new Fellini film?"The answer is: "Yes, I have."Richard then asks different questions like: When did you see it? Where did you see it? Was it good?Variations1. You never believe what travel brochures say. You want to know about Moscow. Perhaps your friends know. What do you ask your friends first Ask WHEN? Ask: very cold? any other tourists? the ballet? by train or plane?22

2. You want to go to a language school in Bournemouth, England. You want to know about the town, the weather, etc. You have a friend who has travelled a lot. Ask questions with these words.a) ever/Bournemouth d) How long/thereb) When e) a lot of English?c) weather like? f) prices very high?3. Arthur Docker has a different car every year. He has a Rolls Royce this year. Ask questions with these words.a) ever/a Mercedes d) fastb) When e) expensivec) a good car f) How longVI. Answer the questions:1. Have you ever been to Kiev? When were you there? Did you go there on business or for pleasure? How long did you stay there? 2. Have you ever travelled by sea? When was it? Did you enjoy your voyage? Have you ever travelled by air? When did you last travel by air? Did you feel airsick? 3. Have you seen your friend this month? When did you see him (her)? Did you spend much time together? 4. When did you go to the cinema last? Was the film interesting? Have you seen many films this month? Have you been to the theatre this week? 5. Have you ever learned French? What language did you learn at school? Did you study German at the Institute? 6. When did you come to work today? You were on time, weren't you? Have you ever been late for work? When was it?Fluency/. Listen to the conversation and ask questions with these words:a) Ken/cinema? e) What/think of the film?b) What/see? f) George/Paris?c) George/Paris in the Spring? g) Ken/Paris?d) When? h) the weather? George: Hullo, Ken.Ken: Hullo, George. George: Have you just been to the cinema? Ken: Yes, I have. George: What's on? Ken: "Paris in the Spring".George: Oh, I've already seen it. I saw it on a B.B.C. television programme last year. It's an old film, but It's very good. Ken: Paris is a beautiful city. George: I have never been there. Have you ever been there, Ken?23

Ken: Yes, I have. I was there in April.George: Paris in the spring, eh?Ken: It was spring but the weather was awful. It. rained allthe time. George: Just like dear old London!//. Role-play the conversation.III. Situation: You suggest to your friend going to the movies, but he has already seen the film you suggest. You ask him some questions about the film.IV. Listen to the conversation, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversation.Peggy: Hullo, John. Come in.Tom: Hullo, John. We're having lunch. Do you want to havelunch with us? John: No thank you, Tom. I've already had lunch. I had lunchat half past twelve. Peggy: Have a cup of coffee then. John: I've already had a cup, thank you. I had one after mylunch. Tom: Let's go into the living-room, Peggy. We can have ourcoffee there. PeggY: Excuse the mess, John. This room's very untidy. We'repacking our suitcases. We're going to leave tomorrow.Tom and I are going to have a holiday. John: Aren't you lucky!Tom: When are you going to have a holiday, John? John: I don't know. I've already had my holiday this year. PeggY: Where did you go? John: I stayed at home!V. Situation: Your friend is in Minsk on business. He's staying at the Minsk hotel. You are free today and can take him sightseeing. But it turns out that your friend has already seen most of the sights you wanted to show him.VI. Listen to the conversation, learn it and make conversations of your own on the same model:One of Deborah's friends is asking her about all the holidays she has had and all the places she has been to. "Have you ever been to Rome?" "Yes, I have. I was there in 1989." "Have you ever been to Mexico City or to Rio?" "Yes, I've been to all those places."24"Oh? When were you in Mexico City ... and when were you in Rio?"Self check/. Put the verb into the correct form:1. You (hear) about Bob? He (break) his leg.—Really? How that (happen)? 2. I just (return) from Yalta.— You (go) there alone? — Together with my son.— How long you (stay) there? — Three weeks. 3. Your hair looks different. You (have) a haircut? — Yes.— You (cut) it yourself? — No, Ann (cut) it for me. 4. Look! Somebody (spill) milk on the carpet.— Well, it (not, be) me.— I wonder who it (be) then. 5. You (see) the film on television last night? 6. My bicycle isn't here any more. Somebody (take) it.7. I (not, eat) anything yesterday because I (not, feel) hungry.

8. Why Jim (not, want) to play tennis last Friday? — He (be) busy on Friday.9. Brian: Hello, Susan. Is Alan here? Susan: No, I'm afraid he (go) out. Brian: What a pity! When exactly he (go) out? Susan: About ten minutes ago.10. Peter Atkins is talking to one of his girl-friends. "You (see) that film yet?""Yes, I .... I (see) it last week." "What you (think) of it?" "I (not, like) it very much."11. Harry: I (go) to a new Indian restaurant last night with Mary. Steve: To that new place in Marchmount Street?Harry: Yes. You ever (be) there?Steve: No, but Barbara already (be) there. She (love) it. Shesays she never (eat) such delicious Indian food.What you (order)? Harry: I (have) a prawn curry and Mary (try) a Tandorichicken. They (be) both fantastic.12. Mikis: I never (be) to Cambridge.Paul: Oh, I (go) there last summer. I (do) a language coursethere.Mikis: You ever (be) to Oxford? Paul: No, but a friend of mine (stay) there for a month twoyears ago. He (enjoy) it very much.//. Translate into English:1. Я никогда не бывал в Китае, но я был в Японии. Это было три года назад. 2. Где мой учебник? Я только что оставил его здесь. Здесь кто-нибудь был? 3. Катя ушла в кино два часа назад25и еще не вернулась 4. Виктор уже починил магнитофон? — Нетеще.5. — Ты заказала билеты?— Нет еще.— Почему ты не сделала этого вчера?— Я совершенно забыла об этом.6. — Вы когда-либо бывали в Большом театре?- Да.— Что вы смотрели?— «Лебединое озеро».— Вам понравился балет?— Да, музыка прекрасная, актеры танцевали великолепно.U N IT 2 TOPIC: HOLIDAYSTEXT. SUMMER HOLIDAYS IN ENGLANDDear Mario,I was very glad to have a letter from you and to know that you and your wife are keeping well and busy. I'm glad too that you are both coming to England again this summer.You say you want a different kind of holiday this year. Perhaps when you were here last year, I took you to see too many historic buildings and places. You saw most of the places that tourists usually see. So this year you want a rest from sightseeing. You don't want to come as tourists. You want the kind of holiday that middle-class English people usually have, not too expensive, of course. You want to meet English people who are on holiday and to have plenty of chances to make friends with them.I don't like crowds when I'm on holiday. I remember that when I was a small boy we — my brothers and sisters and I — always tried to get away from other people. We always had our holidays on the coast. Sea and sunshine, that's what we looked forward to every summer. We always went to a small fishing village on the Devon coast. And if, when we got to the place where we usually bathed, there were other people there, we stopped and said, "Oh, we can't bathe here today! Somebody's got here before us!" Today people seem to like crowds. You say you wish to meet and make friends with as many people as possible, so I won't suggest a quiet fishing village.Hotels at the large seaside towns on the south coast are expensive. You say you want to come here in July or August. Those are the two months when hotel rates are highest.You'd soon make friends at a hotel, but if you want to meet lots of English people, you might like to go to a holiday camp. That26doesn't mean sleeping and eating in tents. Holiday camps in England are permanent buildings with every modern convenience and comfort. There are wooden cabins with good beds, electric light, running hot and cold water. There are large buildings — a dining-hall, a large hall for dancing (and good dance bands), a cinema, a theatre, a bar, a cafe, rooms for games such as billiards. In fact there is, in the camp, everything you want. The camp usually has its own swimming-pool and tennis courts.There are usually lots of children in holiday camps. There are nurses to look after small children, so that the parents can be free to amuse themselves. That's one reason why holiday camps are popular with married couples who have very young children. They not only get a holiday from work, but also a holiday from the children.Here's another suggestion — a walking holiday. Walking holidays are much cheaper than the kind of holidays I've been telling you about. You know something about the Youth Hostels Association, I'm sure. It's international. There

are hostels all over England now where you can get a bed and a cheap meal. Members of the association can even take their own food to the hostels and cook it in the kitchen. They have to help by sweeping and cleaning the rooms, or washing up after meals. But that's not a hardship, is it? A walking holiday depends for enjoyment upon the weather, of course. I can't promise you good weather!Thank you for your very kind invitation 1o visit you and stay with you. I'm sorry I can't accept it this year; we've already made our plans. But next year, perhaps, if it's convenient to you then.Please write and let me know if there's anything else you'd like to know. I'm always glad to help youMy wife joins me in best wishes to you both.Yours sincerely, John GrantComprehension/. Listen to the text "Summer Holidays in England" and answer the questions'Where are Mario and his wife going to spend their holidays? Where did they spend their holidays last year? What kind of holidays did they have? What kind of holiday would they like this year? What is John's idea of a good holidav? What are holiday camps in England like? Why are they convenient for the people with children? What services does the Youth Hostels Association provide?27//. Read the text and analyse the language peculiarities o/ the text. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.Special Difficulties/. Report the following suggestions: e.g. A: (Paul): Shall we start on Friday? B: Paul suggests starting on Friday.1. Shall we play tennis? 2. Let's rebuild the garage. 3. Shall we hitch-hike? 4. Why not drink the local wine? 5. Let's go for a walk. 6. Let's take the dogs out. 7. Why don't we bring guitars and make our own music? 8. Let's climb the mountain. 9. Why don't we cook over an open f ire? 10. Shall we eat in restaurants? 11. Let's carry the boxes upstairs. 12. Let's go on a motor-tour. 13. Shall we sleep in Youth Hostels? 14. Let's spend the day on the beach.15. Shall we find out about pop festivals? 16. Let's pick apples. 17. Shall we move the piano? 18. Let's swim across the river.//. Make up dialogues using the verb "suggest" + gerund:e.g. — Why didn't you go to his flat?— Well, Ann suggested going to his flat but I didn't thinkit was necessary. Why didn't you ...1. record this coversation 2. look at his passport 3. consult a lawyer 4. discuss it with me 5. wait a few weeks 6. check his figures7. read the small print 8. find out about his previous work 9. make some enquiries about him 10. take his photograph 11. follow him home 12. borrow a tent 13. see the manager 15. tell your parents16. phone Bill///. Respond to the following using the verb "offer":e.g. A: Peter paid [or me. -B: He offered to pay for me too, but I refused.Peter...1. painted my door 2. waited for me 3. lent me $5 4. found me a job 5. got me a seat 6. showed me the way 7. washed my car8. helped me 9. carried my luggage 10. saw me off 11. met my train 12. tuned my guitar 13. drove me home 14. looked after my dog 15. typed my essay 16. dug my garden 17 repaired my washing machine 18. fixed my TVIV. Fill in the gaps. Use either "suggest" or "offer": 1. I ... him an interesting book to read 2. He ... a visit to the theatre. 3. We ... her our help. 4. Mike ... to carry my suitcase but I said it wasn't heavy 5. He ... discussing the matter at our next28

meeting. 6. Did he ... any money? 7. What shall we do on the weekend? — Well, what do you ...? 8. I was very busy and Mary ... to buy a ticket for me.V. Fill in the gaps. Use the nouns "suggestion" or "offer":1. Did you accept his ... of help? 2. Have you any ... to make? 3. Your ... seems interesting to me. 4. He offered me some money. I was surprised at his ... . 5. I like your ... but I'm not sure whether I'll be able to join you.VI. Make up short dialogues as shown in the example:e.g. A: When you get home you'll be able to ski, won't you? B: Yes, I'm looking forward to skiing.When you get home you'll be able to ..., won't you?1. swim in the sea 2. skate 3. ride your horse again 4. meet your friends 5. speak your own language again 6. fish in the river 7. have a good holiday 8. sunbathe 9. get a good job 10. continue your university course 11. start your training 12. go out without an umbrella 13. open a language school 14. write a book about your experiencese.g. A: He wanted to go but I said "No". B: But why didn't you let him go?He wanted to ... but I said "No".1. stop 2. help 3. pay 4. hitch-hike 5. tell the truth 6. leave early 7. drive home 8. bring his passport 9. decide for himself10. sail round the island 11. join the club e.g. A: He bullies his sisters.

B: But why do you let him bully his sisters.He ...1. kicks his brother 2. shouts at his sisters 3. fights with the neighbours' children 4. answers back 5. disobeys me 6. breaks the furniture 7. misses school every Monday 8. watches TV all Saturday 9. plays his stereo till 2 a.m. 10. stays in bed all Sunday11. talks with his mouth full 12. rides his bicycle along the pavements 13. uses awful languageVII. Make up sentences using the prompts: e.g. he/richHe seems to be rich.1. she/know him 2. he/have plenty of money 3. she/like children 4. he/ afraid of smth 5. she/dislike him 6 he/interested in art 7. you/tired 8. she/surprised 9. she/energeticVIII. Translate into English (self check):1. Кажется, они знают друг друга. 2. Он производит впечат-29ление очень умного человека. 3. Я с нетерпением жду встречи с тобой. 4. Николай предложил мне свою палатку, но я отказался. 5. Я предложил отправиться в пятницу утром. Мои друзья согласились. 6. Завтра я уезжаю в командировку. Нина предложила присмотреть за моим сыном. 7. Его предложение помочь удивило нас. 8. Аня предложила провести отпуск в Ялте. Мне понравилось ее предложение.Text Exercises/. Ask questions about a) holiday camps in England; b) the Youth Hostels Association.//. Speak on a) the way John Grant prefers to spend his holidays; b) holiday camps and their conveniences; c) a walking holiday.///. When did you last have your holiday? Where and how did you spend it? What kind of holiday do you prefer?Conversation Practice Holiday PlansMary: Have you had your holiday for this year, Jane? Jane; Not yet. I'm taking it at the end of September. Mary: Where are you going? Have you made up your mind? Jane: Not really. I thought of going to Spain again, but I've already been there twice and I'd like to try somewhere new. Mary: My brother's just gone to Mexico for two weeks. I had a card from him yesterday and he seems to be having a good time. Why don't you go there? Jane: That's О. К. for you well-off people, but I couldn't possiblyafford it. I'm much too hard up at the moment. Mary: The air-fare is quite expensive, I admit, but you needn'tspend a lot when you get there.Jane: I've already spent a lot of money this year. My flat was done up last month, so I haven't got much to spare for expensive holidays abroad. Mary: Oh, I see.Jane: Perhaps I'll just go to Scotland or Ireland in the end. I've heard they are both very beautiful, and I haven't been to either of them. Mary: We went to Ireland two years ago to pay Jill and herhusband a visit. They're in Dublin now. Jane: Oh, yes, so they are!30Mary: If you decide on Ireland you can call in on them. Jill would willingly put you up for a few days, I'm sure.Jane: That's a good idea! I haven't seen Jill for more than three years now and I'd like to know how she's getting on./. Listen to the conversation "Holiday Plans" and answer the questions:When is Jane taking her holiday? Has she made her plans yet? Why can't she afford going abroad this year? Where might she spend her holiday this year? What makes Ireland a possible choice?//. Read the conversation and analyse its language peculiarities.III. Give a brief account of the conversation.IV. Find in the text appropriate phrases for the following:Куда ты едешь? Ты уже приняла решение? Я в затруднительном материальном положении в настоящий момент. Похоже, он хорошо проводит время. Это хорошая идея. Я не видела Джил более трех лет, и мне бы хотелось знать, как она поживает. У тебя уже был отпуск за этот год? Мой брат только что уехал в Мексику на две недели. Если ты остановишь свой выбор на Ирландии, ты можешь навестить их. Я уже была в Испании дважды. Я беру отпуск в конце сентября. Почему бы тебе не поехать в Мексику? Хорошо вам, состоятельным людям. Я уже потратила много денег в этом году. Мы ездили в Ирландию два года назад навестить Джил и ее мужа. Я уверена, Джил охотно приняла бы тебя на несколько дней. В прошлом месяце в моей квартире был ремонт.V. Ask questions on the conversation.VI. Role-play the conversation.VII. Situation: Your friend and you are making plans for the coming holidays.After the HolidaysPeter: It's nice to see you, Helen. How are you?Helen: Good morning, Peter. Hope you are well. Haven't seenyou for ages. Where have you been all this time? Peter: I've just arrived from Brighton. I spent my holidays atthe seaside. Have you ever been there?31Helen: Yes, I was there last year. It's a nice place, isn't it? I hopeyou enjoyed yourself greatly.Peter: Oh, yes. I had a very nice time. The weather was fine. I swam much, lay in the sun and made a lot of friends. Helen: Did you go to Brighton alone? Peter: No, together with my cousin Dick. You remember him,don't you?

Helen: Sure. Has he finished school yet? Peter: Yes, he is a student at Oxford University. And how areyou getting on? I haven't heard from you lately. Helen: I'm quite all right, thank you. Come and see me some day,will you?Peter: I'd be delighted. Good-bye. Helen: See you soon. Bye./. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions:Where did Peter spend his holidays? Did he have a good time in Brighton? Was he there alone? How is Helen getting on?//. Read the conversation and analyse its language peculiarities.III. Give a brief account of the conversation.IV. Find in the text appropriate phrases for the following: Я только что приехал из Брайтона. Как поживаешь? Я оченьхорошо провел время. Сто лет тебя не видела. Где ты пропадал все это время? Он уже кончил школу? Последнее время я не получал от тебя никаких известий. Заходи ко мне на днях. Ты когда-либо бывала в Брайтоне? С удовольствием. Рад тебя видеть. До скорой встречи. Ты ведь помнишь его? Конечно. * V. Give synonymous expressions from the text:I'm glad to see you. How are you keeping? Certainly. I'd love to. How about coming to see me one of these days? I'm fine, thank you. I hope you had a good time.VI. Act out the conversation.VII. Situation: You meet a friend of yours. He says he has just returned from Moscow. It was his first trip there. He's full of impressions.ListeningAnn Goes to ItalyAnn is a student at London University. She studies Italian. Last summer she flew to Italy. She toured Italy by coach. She saw a lot of interesting places. She ate spaghetti in Rome, drank coffee in Venice and took a lot of photographs. The sun shone every day. She lay in the sun and swam a lot. She stayed in Italy for a month. She wrote postcards to all her friends and relatives. She met a lot of interesting people in Italy. She bought a lot of Italian pop records and brought them back to England./. Listen to the text "Ann Goes to Italy". Ask and answer questions on the text.II. Tell about Ann's trip to Italy.III. Situation: Your friend has just come back from his holiday. You are asking him about it.Prompts: where/spend? how long/stay there? go alone? how/ travel? the weather/fine? where/meals? what/do in the evenings? meet any interesting people? buy anything? have a good time? when/come back?IV. Tell about a holiday you enjoyed.I Thought It was a SharkLast year my friend Robert went to a small seaside town for a week's holiday. Robert usually takes his holiday in June but last year he took it in August.He didn't take many clothes with him — only a few shirts, a pair of shorts and his swimming-costume. He went from London to the sea town by train and the journey took three hours. Robert likes travelling by train.He stayed at a small hotel near the beach. Every morning before breakfast he ran down to the sea and had a quick swim. Sometimes he took a boat and went fishing for the day.Once he jumped into the water when a big crab bit him. He jumped up and shouted for help. People ran from the beach into the water to help him. They thought he was dead. The hotel — keeper ran down to the beach too. He thought someone was drowning.In a very short time there were about fifty or sixty people. They were standing round Robert. They all wanted to know what33was going on. Robert became red in the face. He thought a shark was going to eat him. But it was only a crab./. Listen to the text, ask and answer questions on the text.II. Tell about Robert's holiday last year.Reading HolidaysPeople have more money and more leasure nowadays and even young people can afford to go abroad. Many travel agents offer cheap cut-price tickets for flights to all parts of the world, so the youngsters can avoid the crowded, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are off the beaten track. Instead of using public transport and hotels they can travel by hitch-hiking and stay at youth hostels. But most people prefer some kind of package holiday at a popular holiday resort, which means that everything is arranged for you and the price you pay includes transport, food and accomodation. Try to avoid taking your holiday during the busy peak tourist season. It's more crowded and expensive. If possible go in the quieter off-peak period.Self check/. Use the proper tense' forms. A. Mr Brown: I say what you and you sister (be going) todo for your holiday this year?Mr Robinson: Well, I (not, know), I'd like to take my sister abroad, but then she can't leave her children. What you (do)?Mr Brown: We (go) to the sea. Mr Robinson: Where you (go) as a rule? Mr Brown: We (try) many seaside

places on the east and south coasts; on the whole, I think we (prefer) the south.Mr Robinson: You (take) rooms or (stay) at a hotel? Mr Brown: This year we (take) a furnished house. Whydon't you join us? It (be) great fun.Mr Robinson: I think it (be) a good idea. I (talk) it overwith my sister and see what she (think) about it.B. Postcards always (spoil) my holidays. Last summer I (go)to Italy. I (visit) museums and (sit) in public gardens.A friendly waiter (teach) me a few words of Italian. Then he(lend) me a book. I (read) a few lines but I (not, understand)34

a word. Every day I (think) about postcards. My holidays (pass) very quickly, but I (not, send) any postcards to my friends. On the last day I (make) a big decision. 1 (get) up early and (buy) thirty-seven cards. I (spend) the whole day in my room but I (not, write) a single card.//. Translate into English:— Привет, Андрей! Рад тебя видеть.— Здравствуй, Виктор! Не видел тебя целую вечность Где тыпропадал?— Видишь ли, я только что вернулся из Англии. Ты когда-либотам бывал?— К сожалению, нет. Но я собираюсь поехать туда в следующем году. Ты доволен своей поездкой?— Конечно. Лондон один из красивейших городов, которые я когда-либо видел. Я пробыл там две недели и прекрасно провел время. Приходи ко мне на днях. Я покажу тебе свои фотографии.— Хорошо. До скорой встречи.Fluency/. Talking points:1. What is your idea of a good holiday?2 Speak in favour or against spending a holiday in a quiet fishing village.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of going on aguided tour?4. What do you think of a walking holiday? Do you find itenjoyable?5. Why do you think tourism is becoming more and more popular?6. People talk about some places as being "typical tourist spots". What do you think they mean by the phrase?7. Do you like to spend your holidays at the seaside? Which do you prefer: the Baltic resorts or the Black Sea resorts? Why?8. Discuss some ways of spending a holiday. //. Role play:1. A family are discussing where they will go for their summer holidays. Even though their tastes are very different they want to go on holiday together and see if there's a way of reconciling the different ideas they have about what holidays should be. 2.Your friend and you have just returned from your summer holidays. At the moment you are sharing your impressions.35

Writing1. Write a postcard home to a friend. Say where you are and what you are doing Say something about your plans for the next days and when you are arriving back home. Ask your friend to meet you at the station. Do it Hke this:Dear Paul!We are really enjoying London. We are staying at the Georgian Hotel and we like it very much. We're going to stay in London till next Friday. Then we're going to Brighton. (I'll send you a card from there). London is a very beautiful city. We're enjoying the museums, the parks, the shops and the theatres. Yesterday morning we went to Harridge's. It's a wonderful department store. I bought a pair of shoes and Jim bought two shirts. Yesterday afternoon we went to the British Museum. There's an exhibition of old books there at the moment In the evening we went to the National Theatre and saw "Macbeth". We had very good seats and enjoyed the performance. This morning we visited some friends in Haling. We went there by underground — it's a very fast service. At the moment we're back at the hotel and we're so tired!Yours sincerely, Roger//. Describe the most memorable holiday you've ever had.///. Write about your plans for the coming holiday.IV. Write about a holiday you spent at the seaside.V. Describe your sightseeing in a town of special historical interest.VI. Write about different ways of spending a holiday.UNIT3GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. PRESENT PERFECT (2)Illustrative Situations

/. Study these example situations:1. Dr Cantor is a heart surgeon. He is operating now. He began at 8 this morning and it is now 4 o'clock.He has been operating for 8 hours. He has been operating since 8 o'clock.2. — Where's Jack?— He is reading something in the library. He's been reading the whole day.36

3. — How long have you been studying German?— For two years4. — Since when have you been preparing for your exam, Peter?— Since June.5. — Is it raining?— No, it isn't but the ground is wet. It has been raining.6. You are out of breath. Have you been running?7. Jane hasn't come home yet. She's been in the library since 9 o'clock. (She's still there.)8. The students have just left. They have been here for two hours. (They are no longer here.)9. I haven't worn this dress since March, (from March till now)10. We haven't seen John since he got married. (From that day to this)11. I have lived in Minsk all rny life. =- I was born here, I live here now.12. — By the way, how long have you known Mr Morgan?— For ten years.13. My brother has worked in Greece for the last three years. (He is still there)Г4. — Since when has he been absent?— Since Friday.//. Listen to the dialogues and learn them.1. — It's ten years since we last saw each other. What have youbeen doing all this time?— Oh, I've got married. I've bought a house. I've changed my job twice.— I see. You haven't been wasting your time.2. — I'm rather hard up.— How long have you been smoking cigarettes?— For 20 years.— Quite an old habit.3. — Have you finished reading your book yet?— I've been reading it for weeks, but I haven't finished it yet.— When are you going to finish it?— Oh, probably next month.4. — What's Bill doing at the moment?— He's reading a book.— How long has he been reading it?— For five hours.5. — What are you doing here?— I'm waiting for Elsie— Waiting for Elsie?— Yes, I've been waiting for her since 5 o'clock.37

— Oh, but she has gone to the pictures.6. — Have you been very busy lately?— Yes, I have. Extremely busy.— Have you been working on your paper?— No, I haven't. I've been preparing for a seminar.7. — You look tired, Alec. What have you been doing?— I've been working in the garden.— You must have a good rest.8. Pam: Eric! Call the waiter again' Eric: I've been trying to call him.Pam: Eric! We've been sitting here for twenty minutes ... andI'm not going to wait any longer! Eric: I'm sorry, dear ... but he's talking to that girl. Pam: Yes, he's been talking to her since we came in. Eric: Waiter!Waiter: Yes, sir ... Do you want the bill? Eric: The bill! We haven't seen the menu yet.9. Mr- Baker: Hello, Mrs Parker ... are you waiting to seeDoctor Savage?Mrs Parker: Hello, Mrs Baker. Yes, I am.Mrs Baker: How long have you been waiting?Mrs Parker: I've been waiting since nine o'clock.

Mrs Baker: Ah, you haven't been waiting long. It's only ten past nine now.Mrs Parker: No, no, I haven't. I've been reading this magazine. It's very interesting. There's an article about operations.10. Diane: Hello, Judy. You've been sitting here for an hour'Where's your husband? Judy: Oh, he's dancing with Mrs Winston Diane: Oh, yes ... he's dancing very well. Has he been dancingall evening? Judy: Yes, he has... but he hasn't been dancing with me.11. Jenny: I've been looking for you. How long have you beenwatching TV?Paul: I've been sitting here for more than an hour. Jenny: I was lucky to find you here. I want to talk to you.///. Listen to the texts and answer the questions:Mr Jenkins is in the boss's office now. The last time he got a rise was two years ago. He wants another one. The boss is asking questions like this:"How long have you been with us now?" "How long have you had the same job?" "How long have you been earning the same money?"Questions: Where is Mr Jenkins now? When did he last get a rise? What does he want? What questions is the boss asking him?One of Tony's friends, Paul, used to be a teacher. He did not earn a very good salary then. Three years ago he got another job in industry and immediately got a very good salary. He has a very good job now. He has been in industry for three years now. He has had a good job for three years and has been earning a good salary all that time.Questions: What did Paul do three years ago? Why did he change his job? How long has he been in industry? Has he been earning a good salary all that time?Tom's brother, Peter, has been back in England for only half an hour. He is waiting to phone Tom, but the woman got to the phone box just a few seconds before he did. That was ten minutes ago. She has been talking for ten minutes and Peter has been waiting that long too.Questions: How long has Peter been back in England? What is he doing at the moment? When did the woman get to the phone box? How long has Peter been waiting?Practice/. Say how long the action has been going on:e.g. Ann is looking for a job. She began looking for a job six months ago. Ann has been looking for a job for 6 months.1. Jane is writing letters. She began writing letters an hour ago. 2. George smokes. He started smoking five years ago. 3. Helen studies French. She began studying French eight months ago. 4. The boys are playing football. They started playing football two hours ago. 5. It is raining. It began raining three hours ago. 6. Helen is preparing for her exam. She began preparing for it two weeks ago.e.g. Lucy began typing at 9 o'clock. She is still typing. Lucy has been typing since 9 o'clock.1. Dick started reading that book on Friday. He's still reading it. 2. Helen began translating the text at 10 o'clock. She's still translating it. 3. They began to discuss the plan at 12 o'clock. They are still discussing it. 4. Dick began to watch TV at 6. He's still watching it. 5. Mr Smith began to work for this company last year. He's still working for the company. 6. They began to talk at 12. They are still talking.//. Answer the questions. Use "since" or "for": e.g. — Is John still sleeping? (hours)39

— Yes, he's been sleeping for hours, e.g. — Is Mary still typing? (two o'clock)— Yes, she's been typing since two o'clock.1, Is Dick still waiting for Lucy? (more than an hour) 2. Is Susan still playing tennis? (ten o'clock) 3. Are they still sitting in the garden? (lunchtime) 4. Is Bill still trying to learn Japanese? (ten years) 5. Are you still living in London? (three years now) 6. Are you still smoking those French cigarettes? (a couple of months) 7. Are you still waiting to see the boss? (ages) 8. Are they still discussing the project? (nine o'clock) 9. Is Mrs Smith still teaching English? (thirty years) 10. Are Helen and Alice still shopping? (morning) 11. Are you still looking for your glasses? (half an hour). 12. Are you still working for the same company? (I left school) 13. Is Bill still swimming? (an hour already)///. Give additional information:e.g. Mike is ill. (for a week) He has been ill for a week.1. My brother is married, (for two years) 2. I know Steve Baxter, (since I was a child) 3. Nick is absent, (for a week) 4. Jack lives in Bishopton. (since he was born) 5. Helen is in the library, (all day long) 6. Mr Morgan is away, (for two months) 7. Bill is unemployed, (since April) 8. Ann has a bad cold, (for the last few days) 9. My cousin is in the army, (since he was 18) 10. The shop is open, (since 8 o'clock) 11. The Baxters are at the seaside, (the whole month)IV. Answer the questions using the words in brackets:e.g. — When did you last smoke? (for two years)— I haven't smoked for two years.1. When did it last rain? (for ages) 2. When did they last visit you? (since June) 3. When did you last play tennis? (for a long time). 4. When did you last drive? (for six months) 5. When did she last write to you? (since last summer) 6. When did you last eat caviar? (never) 7. When did you last hear from George? (for ages) 8. When did

you last go to the theatre? (for months) 9. When did you last see Bob? (since February) 10. When did you last go to Spain? (never)V. Complete with "for" or "since":e.g. Let's visit Aunt Emily. (Christmas) We haven't visited her since Christmas.1. Let's invite Harry and Jane to dinner. (March) 2. Let's play cards with the Kents. (weeks) 3. Let's cook a pizza. (Sally and Jack were here) 4. Let's walk round Hyde Park, (years) 5. Let's40

watch TV. (last Friday) 6. Let's hear an opera, (months) 7. Let's phone Jeff and Pam. (two weeks) e.g. I'm going to clean the car (three weeks) I haven't cleaned it for three weeks.1. I'm going to wash the windows, (five weeks) 2. I'm going to make a cake, (your birthday) 3. I'm going to clean my shoes. (Tuesday) 4. I'm going to cook a pudding, (last week) 5. I'm going to paint the bathroom, (three years) 6. I'm going to water the flowers, (three days) 7. I'm going to buy a suit, (two years) 8. I'm going to iron, (last Friday) 9. I'm going to wash the curtains, (your parents stayed with us) 10. I'm going to write to Uncle Jack, (months) 11. I'm going to dust the bookshelves, (last month)VI. Give additional information:e.g. Ann is very tired, (work hard) She has been working hard.1. Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (fight) 2. George has just come from the beach, (lie in the sun) 3. The streets are wet. (rain) 4. Her eyes are red. (cry) 5. My father has just come home, (fish all day long) 6. Mike is having supper, (skate the whole evening) 7. Jane is hot and tired, (play tennis)VII. Ask questions:e.g. Your friend's hands are covered in oil. (you/work on the car) Have you been working on the car?1. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait long) 2. Your sister has come home and brought a new blouse, (you/shop) 3. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty, (what/you/do) 4. Your sister is out of breath, (you/run) 5. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery, (you/cry) e.g. I'm looking for a job.How long have you been looking for a job?1. I'm waiting for Peter. 2. She does two jobs. 3. I am learning Greek. 4. They are travelling about Europe. 5. My brother is fishing. 6. Jack is a journalist. He writes for "Washington Post". 7. John is a business man in Madrid. He exports Spanish antiques, e.g. It is raining.Since when has it been raining?1. It is snowing. 2. They are writing a test paper. 3. Mrs Johnson is a teacher. She teaches art 4. Jill is a student. She studies French. 5. Jane is working in the laboratory. 6. Mike collects stamps. 7. I'm still packing. 8. She is taking her exams.41VIII. Say how long the action has been in progress: •• •e.g. Bill Parks is in his lorry. He got into it at 9 and it's 12 now.He has (he's) been in his lorry for 3 hours. He has been driving for 3 hours.1. Sam went into the library 2 hours ago and got a book called "Great Jokes". He is still there. 2. Tony caught a bad cold 2 weeks ago. He immediately went to bed. He is still there. He coughs a lot. 3. Jane came into the office at 9. It is 11 now. She is working. 4. Peter and Mary walked onto the station platform half an hour ago. They are waiting for a train. 5. The heart surgeon went into the operating theatre 8 hours ago. He is still there. 6. Eric and all the other students are in the lecture hall. They are doing a test. It started 2 hours ago.IX. Make up short dialogues using the prompts:e.g. you/married— How long have you been married?— For twenty years, e.g. Jeff/in Italy— Since when has Jeff been in Italy?— Since last autumn.1. Ann/on holiday 2. Dick/have a car 3. you/know Steve Baxter 4. Mary/have flue 5. Mr Smith/be away 7. you/have this job. 8. Bob/study Spanish. 9. Fred/in Washington 10. Alec/live in Moscow 11. Kate/be absent 12. Betsy/at the seaside.X. Change the sentences. Do it as in the example:e.g. I was at school with Jim.I have not seen Jim since I was at school with him. 1. George talked to Jim on Wednesday. 2. Judy visited Jim in Scotland. 3. The Hunts had to meet Jim at the airport. 4. Sheila studied French with Jim. 5. We forgot to invite Jim to the party. 6. I left Jim at the hotel. 7. Pam played tennis with Jim,X/. Answer the questions:1. Since when haven't you seen your friend? 2. Have long have you known your best friend? 3. Since when haven't you heard from your relatives? 4. Since when have you lived in Minsk? 5. How long have you been married? 6 Since when haven't you visited the museums in Minsk? 7. Since when haven't you been at the cinema? 8. Since when haven't you been in Moscow? 9. Since when have you had your car? 9. How long have you worked for your firm?42 .

XII. Respond to the I allowing statements: "л

e.g David hasn't heard the news. (Roger)I wonder whether Roger has heard the news. 1. Peter has seen the film. (John) 2. Jack has written to her. (Ann) 3. Lucy has passed the exam. (Betty) 4. Mike has never been abroad. (Victor) 5 Steve hasn't got today's newspaper. (Sarn)6. Mary hasn't done the exercise. (Bob) 7. Nick hasn't brought his records. (Helen) 8. Jim hasn't bought a car yet. (Steve)e.g Sue is absent.I wonder how long she has been absent. 1. Kate is ill. 2. Dick is in China. 3. Dick knows Helen. 4. Johnny is swimming. 5. Kitty is lying in the sun. 6. Mary is sleeping.7. Paul and Roger are playing chess. 8. Sam is waiting for you.Fluency/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversations.1. Jill: I'm going to wash the windows. I haven't washed themfor two months. Steve: And I'm going to clean the car. I haven't cleaned itsince your birthday. Jill: I'd like go to the theatre this weekend. We haven't beento the theatre since "Hamlet". Steve: And would you like to go to a disco on Saturday? Wehaven't been to a disco since New Year.Jill: No, I don't want to go to a disco. I'd prefer to go to the cinema. But at the moment I want to do the housework. Would you like to help me? Steve: Not really. I'd like a drink.Questions: What is Jill going to do today? How long hasn't she washed the windows? And what is Steve going to do? Since when hasn't he cleaned his car? Since when haven't the Baxters been to the theatre? Does Jill want to go to a disco? What is she going to do now? 2. Doctor: What is the problem, Mr Jones?Mr Jones: Well, for the last three days I've had a pain at the bottom of my back. It begins here and goes down into my leg.Doctor: How long have you had it in your leg? Mr Jones: Since last Friday, I think.Doctor: Have you lifted anything very heavy or taken any unusual exercises?43

Mr Jones: I don't think so. I've played tennis every week for years. I've never had any problems before.3. Judith: You've been reading that newspaper for the last hour.I hate when you read it at breakfast.Peter: Yes, and you've been watching me the whole time. And you know it's a very important time of the day for me. I need to relax before I begin the day's work.Judith: Oh, but think of me. I've been leading the back of your morning newspaper for ten years now and I'd like someone to talk to!4. Mother: What on earth have you been doing? You are cove-red in ink. Your clothes are ruined. Little boy: We've been playing Cowboys ard Indians. Mother: You mean you've been throwing ink around. What'sink got to do with cowboys? Little boy: Well, I've been playing with a water pistol and myammunition was ink.//. Listen to the text. Ask and answer questions on the text. Retell the text.I have just received a letter from my brother Tim. He's in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.Self check/. Translate into English:1. Виктор только что вернулся из Лондона. Я не видел его с прошлого года. 2. Сколько времени ты женат? — Три года. 3. Ты когда-нибудь читал английские книги в оригинале? — Нет. Я ичучаю английский язык только полгода. 4. Где ты был' Я жду тебя с пяти часов. 5. Чем ты сейчас занимаешься? — Я уже два часа печатаю. 6. Я давно не вижу твою сестру.— Она уже целый месяц находится в Крыму. 7. Кто взял мой словарь? Я уже полчаса ищу его. 8. Я устал. Целый день я работал в саду 9 Сколько времени ты готовишься к экзаменам? — Уже месяц. 10. Роберта нет сегодня на занятиях Он уже две недели болеет. 11. Как давно ты занимаешься коллекционированием марок? — Десять лет. 12 Чем ты занимался все это время? — Смотрел телевизор. 13. Ты давно здесь сидишь? — С десяти часов. 14. Мой44брат в Москве. Он не пишет мне уже целый месяц. 15. Я не встречаю Павла с тех пор, как мы сдали последний экзамен. 16. Студенты только что ушли. Они находились здесь весь день.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT PERFECT COMPARED/. Study these example situations:\. Ann's clothes an covered in paint She has been painting the ceiling. (We are interested in the action.)2. The ceiling was white. Now it's blue. She has painted the ceiling. (We are interested in the result, not the action )

3. Tom's hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.4. You've been smoking too much recently. You should smoke less. Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.5. Ann has been writing letters all day. She has written ten letters today.//. Listen to the conversations and learn them:1. Bank Manager: Come in. You're Mr Carson, aren't you? Pleasesit down.Mr Carson: Thank you.Bank Manager: What can I do for you, Mr Carson? Mr Carson: Well, I want to borrow some money. Bank Manager: What for? Mr Carson: I want to buy a car. I've been saving for twoyears.Bank Manager: Ah, how much have you saved? Mr Carson: I've saved about two thousand pounds.2. Judith: What are you reading?Maureen: "The Godfather". It's about Mafia in America. Johntold me to read it. Judith: It's a very long book. Maureen: I know. I've been reading it for a month, and I haven'tfinished it yet!Judith: How many pages have you read? Maureen- About 400. I don't like long books. Judith: Neither do I.3. Karen: Hello, Jenny. Are you still working? It's time forlunch.Jenny: I know. But I haven't finished these letters yet. They're important. Mr Power wants them this afternoon.Karen: How long have you been typing?45Jenny: Since nine o'clock. I didn't stop for coffee. Karen: How many have you done? Jenny: Most of them. There are only two left.Karen: Well, do them after lunch. Jenny: No. I'll do them now. Karen. О. К. See you this afternoon. 4. Attendant: Petrol, sir?Motorist: Please ... fill it up.Attendant: Which grade?Motorist: Four star. It's nearly empty. I've been driving allday.Attendant: Oh, how far have you driven? Motorist: About 400 miles. I've driven from Scotland. Attendant: Oh, that's a long way. Shall I check the oil andwater? Motorist: Please///. Listen to the texts and answer the questions:1. Peter came back to England a month ago. He has been staying with Tom and Susan since then. He has been looking for a job for a month but has not found one yet. "Some employers don't like people with long hair". Tom says. "Perhaps you'd better get ahaircut!"Questions: When did Peter come back to England? How long has he been staying with Tom and Susan? How long has he been looking for a job? Has he found one yet?2. Julia is going to meet her boyfriend. She has been waiting for the bus for some time but it has not come yet. She is going to be late again if it does not come soon. A taxi has just come round the corner. Perhaps she had better take it.Questions: What is Julia going to do? What is she doing now? How long? What is going to happen if the bus does not come soon? What has just happened? What had she better do?Practice/. Complete the situations. Do it as in the example: e.g. Tom is reading a book. He started reading two hours ago and he is on page 53. He has been reading for two hours. He has read 53 pagesso far.I. Captain Hay is a "million-mile" pilot. He started flying 20 years ago. 2. It is a 3-mile walk from Bob's house to the city-centre He started an hour ago and he has just reached it.463. Laura started the washing-machine up an hour ago. There are now 30 clean shirts in the basket. 4. You are just finishing the 5 th and last page of homework. You sat down at the writing-desk 2 hours ago. 5. The tourist came into the old town an hour ago. He is leaving now with 60 new photographs. 6. The typist started an hour ago. Six letters are ready now. 7. Bill is smoking. When he started smoking there were 20 cigarettes in the packet He's smoking his last cigarette.//. Ask questions:e.g. — I've been picking pears.— How many have you picked?e.g. — He's been making a lot of money.— How much has he made?1. I've been planting apple trees. 2. I've been making cakes. 3. He's been writing letters. 4. I've been saving money.

5. I've been ironing shirts. 6. Ann's been losing weight. 7. Sue has been washing blankets. 8. He's been selling tea. 9. He's been collecting stamps. 10. I've been cutting sandwiches. 11. Mary's been sending out invitations. 12. I've been taking photographs.///. Make up sentences using the prompts:e.g.: I've been ... for ..., but I haven't... yet. sincea) Prompt: job/three weeksResponse: I've been looking for a job for three weeks, but I haven't found one yet.b) Prompt: the bus/9 o'clockResponse: I've been waiting for the bus since 9 o'clock, but it hasn't come yet.1. my homework/half an hour 2. the train/twenty minutes 3. the concert/7.30 4. the postman/8 o'clock 5. this book/2 weeks 6. English/18 months 7. this letter/6 o'clock 8. pop records/20 minutes 9. a sports car/last ChristmasFluency/. Listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Role-play the conversations.1. Steve: Hello, Pam. What are you all doing?Pam: Oh, hello, Steve. What a surprise! Jeff's outside. He's cleaning the car. In fact he has been cleaning it for over an hour, but he hasn't finished yet.Steve: And where are the children? Well, I can hear what Kate's doing.47

Pam: Yes, she's been practising the violin s'nce after lunch. And Mark's in the garden. He has been painting the fence all afternoon. He hates it. He has only painted half of it.Steve: And what are you doing, Pam?Pam: Well, nothing at the moment but I've been reading a new novel by Margaret Drabble. I haven't finished it yet, but it's very interesting. I can recommend it. In fact I've read all her novels. She's my favourite author. And what's Jill doing? Steve: She's busy. In fact she's been working all day. She hasto prepare a test for tomorrow. Pam: Well, how about a nice cup of coffee? 2. Brian: Oh, hello. I've been in the library. Steve: And what have you been doing there? Brian: I've been reading a book about education in England forour lesson tomorrow. I'm going home now. Steve: It has been raining again, but it's stopped now. Brian: Well, I've got an umbrella in my briefcase, in case itstarts again. What are you doing now? Steve: I'm waiting for Mike. I have been waiting for over tenminutes. Oh, look. There he is now.Mike: Hello, sorry I'm a bit late. I've done some shopping. Have you been waiting long?Self check/. Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous: 1 Look! Somebody (break) the window. 2. I wonder if John (forget) my number. I (expect) him to call for the past two hours 3 You look very upset. What (happen)? 4. You (not, finish) that book yet? You (read) it for more than a week. 5. The meat must be nearly ready. I (cook) it for nearly an hour. 6. What you do) for the last two hours? - I (sit) here working at this problem. 7 I (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it? 8. You look tired. You (work) hard? 9. My brother is an actor. He (appear) in several films 10. Hello! I (clean) the windows. So far I (clean) five о them and there are two more to do. 11. Sorry! I'm late.- That s all right I (not, wait) long.//. Translate into English:1 Целый вечер я печатаю Я уже напечатала десять страниц. 2 Мы пишем контрольную работу уже 45 минут. Некоторые студенты уже закончили ее. 3. Ты давно ждешь меня?-Нет я только что пришел. 4 Чем вы занимались сегодня утром? - <^а-48

жали деревья в саду.— Сколько деревьев вы посадили? — Семь. 5. Я перевожу статью уже два часа, но еще не перевела ее.PRESENT PERFECT, PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS AND SIMPLE PAST COMPAREDIllustrative Situations1. Patrick Connor was born in Dublin. He lived there until he was 18. He went to India for five years. Then he spent another five years in Canada. Five years ago he came to London where he is living now.He lived in Dublin for 18 years. Then he lived in India for five years and in Canada for 5 years. He has been living in London for the last five years.Questions: Where was Patrick born? How long did he live in India and Canada? Where is he now? How long has he been in London?2. Two people are waiting at the bus-stop. It is 9 30. They are waiting for the 9.10 bus. One person is very angry. "This bus is never on time!" he says."I've been wating for it for twenty minutes now. Yesterday I waited half an hour for it!"Questions: What are the people doing? How late is the bus? What does one of the people say? How long has the man been waiting for the bus? How long did he wait for it yesterday?Practice/. Notice the change in form as the situation changes:Situation: Mary got to the station at 9. The train came at 10. She waited for an hour.

Situation: Peter got to the station at 9. It is 12 now and the train hasn't come yet. He has been waiting for 3 hours.1. Mary got a job in the bank 5 years ago. She left the job last week. 2. Tom got a job in the bank 10 years ago. He's still there.3. I started teaching 6 years ago. As you can see I'm still a teacher.4. My grandfather became a teacher at 20. He was still one when he died 40 years later. 5. Betty opened the book at 6. She put it down again at 12. 6. Peter opened that book 6 hours ago and he hasn't closed it yet! 7. My brother started coughing at this time last year. He still has the cough. 8. The baby started crying and stopped an hour later.49//. Respond to the following^ statements:e.g. 1 last smoked a cigarette a month ago.You haven't smoked a cigarette for a month, e.g. They last came to see us at Christmas.They haven't come to see us since Christmas. 1. I last played football ten years ago. 2. He last ate at 6 o'clock this morning. 3. We last had a holiday three years ago. 4. John saw Mary on Monday morning. 5. I last had a bath a week ago. 5. Mr Fox last wrote to me in February. 6.1 last won a race five years ago. 7. We last went to the theatre 3 months ago. 8. I last called Mike on Tuesday. 9. I last rode a bicycle ten years ago.///. Ask questions with "how long" and "when":e.g. It is raining.How long has it been raining? When did it start raining?1. Ann is learning Italian. 2. Paul is preparing for his exam. 3. The Johnsons are travelling around France. 4. Bill is doing his homework. 5. Bob and Alice are married. 6. Mr Morgan is in Moscow on business. 7. It is snowing. 8. Lucy is swimming. IV. Ask and answer questions using the prompts:e.g. write to Peter/agesWhen did you last write to Peter?Oh, I haven't written to him for ages, e.g. see Tom/JanuaryWhen did you last see Tom?I haven't seen him since January.1. drive a car/two years 2. shave/summer 3. speak to Bill/we quarrelled 4. hear from Nick/October 5. fly by plane/ages 6. catch a fish/weeks 7. eat out/my birthday 8. discuss the matter/a month 9. take part in a competition/I was at school 10. sleep well/monthsV. Complete the utterances: e.g. I know Tom. I first met him six months ago. I have... .I have known Tom for six months.It started raining at 2 o'clock. It has... .It has been raining since 2 o'clock.1. Tom's ill. He became ill three days ago. He has.....2. We havebeen married for five years. We got.....3. Jim has a beard. He grewit ten years ago. He has.....4. Paul has been in France for 3 weeks.He went.....5. He has had his car since February. He bought .... 6.Dick last wrote to me a month ago. He hasn't ..... 7. Kate cameto the university at 9. She has.....8. It started snowing at II. It has..... 9. I have been collecting stamps for ten years. I began .....50Fluency/. Listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Role-play the conversations:1. Jill- How's Pam? I haven't seen her in town lately.Jeff: Oh, she's fine. She has been very busy. Last week she started an office job, only for summer months. She has never worked in an office before, so it's difficult for her. She has only been there a week, but she has already learnt a lot about office life.2. Mike: Have you seen my new tie, Mum? Mother: Which new tie?Mike: The red one I bought in London a couple of weeks ago. I wore it to the dinner party at the Dawsoiis' place on Saturday and I haven't worn it or seen it since.Mother: No, I don't think I've seen it this week, but have you looked for it properly? I expect you threw it carelessly into the back of the wardrobe after the party — the way you usually do.Mike: I've looked for it everywhere.Mother: You probably wore it when you went out with Janet on Friday.Mike: Ah! I remember now. It was a bit hot and I took my tie off in the car on the way home. I suppose it's still on the shelf under the dashboard. Thanks, Mum.Self check/. Use the proper tense forms:1. Mr Clark (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 2. Mary lives in Dublin. She (live) there all her life. 3. Bob and Alice are married. They (be) married for 20 years. 4. When we (be) on holiday the weather (be) awful. 5. The weather (be) very nice recently, don't you think? 6. I don't know Carol's husband. 1 never (meet) him. 7. Yesterday I met my school mate. We (speak) about our school years for an hour. 8. How's your son getting on at

school? — I don't really know. I (not, speak) to the teachers for some time.//. Translate into English:1. Вчера мы с Аней договорились пойти в кино. Я прождала ее полчаса у кинотеатра, но она не пришла. Я не знаю, что с ней случилось. 2. Когда ты в последний раз видел Роберта? — Я не видел его уже две недели. 3. Как долго ты женат? — Я женился51три года назад. 4. Где ты отдыхал прошлым .четом? — НаКавказе.__Сколько времени ты там пробыл? — Около месяца5. Вчера я вернулся домой с работы в 6 часов, отдохнул около часа, а затем пошел навестить друга. 6. Где ключ? Я ишу его уже полчага. 7. Ты давно здесь находишься? — Я пришел сюда час назад.__ТЫ встретил Николая? — Да, мы поговорили с ним минут десять, и он ' шел. 8. Сколько времени у тебя этот автомобиль? __Пять лет 9. Сколько времени вы живете в Минске? —С 1978 года.Review/ listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Role-play the conversations. 1. Steve: What have you been doing?Jill I've been preparing lessons for tomorrow, but I've finished now. What have you been doing?Steve: I've been watching a very interesting programme on television about education in China. It's just finished. Jill: Oh, dear, then I've missed it. I thought it was on tomorrow, not today. That was Pam on the phone ten minutes ago. She's been sewing new curtains all the evening, and Jeff's been painting radiators. Apparently they've been working hard all the week. By the way, have you 4 put the car in the garage?Steve: Yes, why? Has it been raining again? Situation: You had a very busy day at the office and stayed there later than usual. You are home at last. Your wife wants to know what kept you late. You ask what she and the kids have beendoing.2. Carol Fenton: I'm Carol Fenton. I'm Mrs Hunt's sister. This evening my sister's family is coming to celebrate my nephew's birthday. I've planned a small party but Simon doesn't know about it yet. It's a surprise. I'm very excited. 1 haven't seen Sarah's family for five years. My husband and I are from Bristol but we haven't lived there for eight years. Many of our friends still live in Bristol. Next month we're going there to visit my husband's family. We're staying at his brother's house. All my relatives are going, too. 3. Mr Fenton: Someone's at the door, Carol. Mrs Fenton: Is everything ready?Mr Fenton: Yes, dear, everything's fine. Answer the door. Mrs Fenton: Hello! I'm so happy to see you. Come in!52Mrs Hun't: Carol, you look'very well.Mrs Fenton: Thank you, Sarah .. you look very well, too And the children ... they're both so tall!Mrs Hunt: Well ... you haven't seen them for five years.Mr Hunt: Sarah, you've forgotten to introduce Sheila.Mrs Hunt: I'm very sorry. Carol, we've brought a friend with us. This is Sheila Morgan. She hasn't visited London before.Mrs Fenton: Hello, Sheila.Sheila: How do you do, Mrs Fenton?Mrs Fenton: Please call me Carol. Now sit down everyone. I've made some tea. It's in the kitchen. Can Jane help me?Mrs Hunt: Of course she can.4. Mrs Fenton: How long have you been here?Mrs Hunt: We've been here since Sunday. Today's Wednesday ... we've been here for three days.Mrs Fenton: And what have you seen since Sunday?Mrs Hunt: We've been very busy but we haven't seen very many things. London's so big! We've seen some of the sights and we've shopped in Oxford Street.Mrs Fenton: And have you bought anything?Mrs Hunt: I've seen a few nice things but I haven't bought anything yet.Mrs Fenton: I'm going to Oxfort Street on Friday. Come with me. I know the good shops.5. Mrs Hunt: How are your sons? Mrs Fenton: Tim's living with us.Mrs Hunt: Has he finished University yet?Mrs Fenton: Yes, he has. He's worked here in London foreighteen months. Mrs Hunt: What does he do? Mrs Fenton: He works in an export company. He's workedthere since January. Mrs Hunt: And what does Chris do' Mrs Fenton: He works in Dad's company in Bristol.6. Torn. Is everything ready?Sue: No, I haven't bought the melon yet.Tom: Are there any sandwiches?Sue: Yes .. well ... no. I've bought the bread but I haven't madethe sandwiches yet Tom: Have you made the pies? Sue: No, I haven't made them yet. Tom: Is the wine here? Sue: No, it hasn't arrived and the shop's closed now.

54Situation: You've come to Moscow on business.1 You've got accomodation at the Minsk hotel. You are sharing the room with another person who came to Moscow 2 days ago. You introduce yourself and have a talk with your neighbour.Self check/. Use the proper tense forms.1. It still (rain) when I (come) in just now. It (rain) all morning. 2. I (sit) here waiting for you for nearly an hour. I already (drink) four whiskies. 3. What you (do) all this time? I (not, see) you for weeks. 4. They (not, work) for several days now. They (be) too ill. 5. It (not, ram) for a month now. The grass is very dry. 6. I (go) to this pub every evening for the last ten years. 7. Peter (write) letters since two o'clock. He already (write) five letters.8. I (sleep) for the last two hours and 1 (not, wake) up properly yet.9. I (buy) a new tie last week, but I (not, wear) it yet. 10. He already (see) that film. He (see) it when he (be) in London. 11. When you (meet) Mr Smith?" "I (meet) him the day before yesterday." 12. "You ever (speak) to him?" "Yes. I (speak) to him before the party." 13. Peter (live) in Greece for the last three years. He (live) in Africa before he (go) to Greece. 14. I just (have) my lunch. 1 (finish) eating five minutes ago. 15. I (make) five mistakes so far to-day. Yesterday I only (make) three mistakes altogether. 16. I never (play) rugby in my life, but I (play) football when I (be) at school 17. I (not, hear) from Kate since she (go) abroad. 18. On Sunday 1 was at the beach. I (lie) in the sun for two hours. 19. "You ever (travel) by sea?" "Yes, I (go) to Batumi by sea last year." 20. "What a lovely old village Overton is! You (live) here long?" — "I (live) here all my life. I (be born) in Overton." "You (be) to other countries^" "Yes, I (go) to France two years ago." 21. "Hello, Mr Thompson. Glad to see you in London. How long you (be) here?" "Oh, only a few days. I (arrive) here on Monday." "Is it your first visit to London?" "No, I (be) here several times before." "You (see) many places of interest in London?" "Yes, quite a lot." 22 Charles and Barbara Williams (live) at a village called Harpole. They only (live) there for a few weeks. They (arrive) on 28 August and they quickly (arrange) the furniture in their new house. They (not, make) many friends yet, but they (think) that they soon will. The neighbours (be) very kind so far, and Mr-- Williams (invite) some of them to a party he ^hold) next week. His friends from London and Oxford (corne) to the party.The Williams family (live) in London before they (come) to Harpole. Mr Williams (not, like) living in London.While he (visit) some friends in Southampton last year, he (meet) a company director who (offer) him a job. Mrs Williams (want) to stay in London, but when they (arrive) in the village, the sun (shine) and she (begin) to enjoy her country surroundings. 23. Jack (look) at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly Jill (arrive). "I (wait) for over an hour", he (say) angrily. "You never come on time." "Oh, is that so?" Jill answered. "You (be) here at 2.30?" Jack (go) red. "Well", he (say), "I (get) here five minutes late myself, but you (not, be) here." "I (come) here at exactly 2.30", Jill said, "and (wait) for five minutes, but you (not, come)." "What you (do) since then?" Jack (ask). "I just (be) to the hairdresser's", Jill answered brightly.//. Translate into English:1. — Вас ждет мистер Смит.— Он долго ждет?— Около двадцати минут.— Пусть войдет.2. — Где письма? Я хочу отправить их сегодня.— Секретарь только что их принесла. Она печатала целый день.3. — Могу я поговорить с мистером Вороновым?— Боюсь, что нет. Он только что вышел.4. — Давай сходим в кино. Мы не были в кино уже целуювечность.— Хорошая идея. Николай говорит, что он видел интересный детектив в кинотеатре «Москва». Хочешь посмотреть его?— Да, я очень люблю детективы.5. — Когда ты закончил институт?— В 1975 году.— Сколько времени ты работаешь на этом заводе?— Пять лет.— Где ты работал раньше?— В научно-исследовательском институте.UNIT 4COMMUNICATION: SOCIALIZING (GREETINGSAND LEAVETAKINGS)GRAMMAR: REFLEXIVE, RECIPRICAL,INDEFINITE PRONOUNS (REVIEW)a) How to greet an acquaintance:e) How to take your leave:

Hello, Mr South How are you?

Good morning, Mrs Smith. How are you feeling? Good afternoon, Alan. How are you getting on? Good evening, Pat How are things' (informal)

b) How to reply to a greeting:Oh, hello, Mr Ford.Very well. Thanks. And you?FineAll right.Pretty goodNot too bad.So — so.Not too good, I'm afraidVery much the samec) How to respond to bad news:A: How's your brother5 B. Not too good, I'm afraid A- I'm sorry to hear that. Oh, that's awful Oh, that's terribled) How to respond to good news:A Bill has won the race!B. I'm glad (pleased) to hear thatOh, that's greatOh, that's goodHow exciting!Really!Well, I must be offI must be goingGood-bye (formal and informal)Bye/Bye-bye (informal)See you later/soon/tomorrow, etcf) How to send someone your regards:Give my regards to your wife. Remember me to your familyConversation ISally: Morning, Brian.Brian: Morning, Sally. How are you feeling today?Sally: Fine, thanks, Brian. And you?Brian: Oh, pretty good, thanks. Shocking weather, isn't it?Sally: Yes, terrible.Brian: How's Peter now? Has he got over the flue yet?Sally: Oh, he is much better, thanks. The doctor says he'll be allright in a couple of days. Brian: Oh, I'm pleased to hear that. Sally: Yes, it is good news.Brian: Talking of news — have you heard about Claire? Sally: No, what's happened? Brian: Well, I haven't seen her since the end of the term so I'mnot sure if it's true, but apparently, she's failed herfinals.Sally: Oh, no. Poor Claire1 She must be so upset!Brian: Ah, here's my stop. By the way, are you going to Simon'sparty on Saturday? Sally: Yes, I expect so. Brian: Good. I'll probably see you there then. Well, bye-bye andgive my regards to Peter. Sally: Yes, I will. Bye.56I. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: How are Brian and Sally getting on? How is Peter? What has happened to Claire? What are the friends going to do on Saturday?//. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following.Как ты себя чувствуешь сегодня? Спасибо, хорошо. Ужасная погода, не так ли? Как Пит? Уже поправился после гриппа? Ему57намного лучше. Приятно слушать об этом. Это хорошая новость. Ты слышал о Кларе? Очевидно, она не сдала выпускные экзамены. Не уверен, правда ли это. Должно быть, она очень расстроена. Между прочим, ты собираешься к Саймону в субботу? Возможно, я увижу тебя там. Передай привет Питу. ///. Insert the missing phrases from the conversation:1. — How are you feeling today?— ... . And you?2. — How's Peter? ...?— Oh, he is much better, thanks. The doctor says ....3. — Talking of news — ...?— No, ...?

4. — By the way, are you going to Simon's party on Saturday?5. — Well, bye-bye and .. .IV. Role-play the conversation.Conversation 2John: Morning, Peter. How are you?Peter: Fine, thanks, John. And you?John: Oh, I'm all right. Nice and warm today, isn't it?Peter: Yes, beautiful. Family О. К,.?John: Yes, they're fine, thanks. And yours? ' .Peter: Well, Sally's not good at the moment. Her mother wastaken to hospital last week, you know. John: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. She must be so upset. Peter: Yes, she is.John: By the way, have you heard about the professor? Peter: No, I don't think so. What's happened? John: Well, I'm not saying it's true, but there's a rumour goinground that he is leaving. Peter: It can't be true! Not the professor! He was here for life,I thought. John: Well, that's what they say. Anyway, I must be off now. Gotto catch the train home. Good-bye!Peter: Bye! Oh, and give my regards to your wife, won't you? John: Yes, I will./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: How are John and his family? Why is Sally not good at the moment? What does John inform Peter about? Why must John be off?38//. Listen to the conversation again. Recall the phrases expressing greetings, leave takings and inquiries about a friend (or a relative) used in the conversation.III. Read the conversation. Paraphrase the conversational formulas expressing greetings and leavetakingsIV. Role-play the conversation.Conversation 3Mr Smith: Good afternoon, Mr White, how are you?Mr White: Very well, indeed, thank you, and how are you?Mr Smith: Quite well, thank you Won't you sit down? Havea cigarette, will you? Mr White: Thank you.Mr Smith: Well, what's the news, Mr White? How's business? Mr White: Pretty good, thank you. And how are things with you? Mr Smith: Well, not too good, I'm afraid, and going from bad toworse. In fact, it's the worst >ear we've had for a longtime. Mr White: I'm sorry to hear that. I hope things will soonimprove. Mr Smith: Yes, let's hope for the best. And how's your nephewRichard getting on? Mr White: Oh, he's getting on quite well, thank you. He'sstaying in the country just now with his Uncle Williamand his cousins.Mr Smith: How long is he going to stay there? Mr White: I don't know exactly, but he's having i. very pleasanttime and it's doing him a lot of good, sо the longer hestays, the better./. Listen to the conversation and answer the /uestions.How is Mr White? How are things with Mr Smith? How is Richard getting on? Who did he go to the country with? Is he having a good time there?//. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Как поживаете? Спасибо, хорошо. Пожалуйся, присаживайтесь. Как обстоят дела у вас? Боюсь, что не слишком хорошо и идут от плохого к худшему. Надеюсь, что дела поправятся. Давайте надеяться на лучшее. Какие новости' Как поживает ваш племянник Ричард? Чем больше он там пробудет, тем лучше.59Сколько времени он собирается там пробыть? Это приносит ему пользу. Я точно не знаю.///. Insert the missing phrases from the conversation:1. — How are you?2. — ....— Pretty good, thank you.3. — And how are things with you?4. — I hope things will soon improve.- Yes, ... .5. — ... .— Oh, Richard's getting on quite well, thank you.6. — ...?— I don't know exactly.IV. Give synonymous expressions to the following:

1. How are you? 2 Very well indeed, thank you. 3. Won't you sit down? 4. Have a cigarette, will you? 5. How's your nephew Richard getting on?V. Role-play the conversation.Practice/. Greet: your teacher 2. your boss 3. your colleague 4. your friend.//. Respond to the following:1. Good morning, Mr Morgan! How are you? 2. Hello, Dick! How's life? 3. Good morning, Mrs Baxter! How are you getting on? 4. Good evening, Fred! How are things? 5. Hello, Steve! How are you feeling? 6. How's your son? 7. How are your parents? 8. How's your husband? 9. How's your wife? 10. How's your friend getting on? 11. How's everybody at home^1 12. How's your family? 13 How is business?///. Respond to a piece of good news:1. I've won the game. 2. We're going out to celebrate-tonight. 3. We'll go to a show on Saturday. 4. We'll take a holiday. 5. We're getting married in the spring. 6. Mother's coming to stay. 7. We've bought a car 8. Father is going to give you a bike as a present.IV. Respond to a piece of bad news.1. You know Jane is not good at the moment. 2. I'm afraid Peter is getting worse. 3. You know Jack has caught flue. 4. Sheila has failed her exam, you know. 5. I've lost my job. 6. I've broken rny leg. 7. I didn't get the job. 8. I didn't win the prize.V. Learn the dialogues:1. — I've made up my mind We're going to Spain for theholidays.— How exciting! — We'll leave early in July.— Great!2. — Morning, Frank. It's nice to see you.— Hello, Jim. How are things?— Pretty good, thank you. Any news from home?— No news. I'm quite upset.— Cheer up! Everything will be О. К-3. — Good morning, Mr Ford.— Good morning, Mr Dobson. How do you like the weather today?— Absolutely wonderful, nice and warm. What's the weather forecast for tomorrow? Do you know?— Yes, it says it will be bright and sunny.— How nice! Good-bye.— Bye-bye.4. — Hello, John. We haven't seen you for ages. Wherehave you been? Home?— I've been visiting relatives.— Whereabouts?— I went to Stirling to see an uncle of mine5. — How do you do, Mr Jones?— How do you do, Mr Hardy?— Sit down, please. What can I do for you?— I've come to fix an appointment with you for my chief.— Will 10 o'clock suit him?— Perfectly.6. — I've come to say good-bye.— What time are you leaving?— I'm catching the 7.25.— Well, good-bye and have a good journey.— Good-bye. Remember me to your parents. 7 — How's Dick?— Getting worse, I'm afraid.— Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.61food although Steve helped himself more than once. The room was too crowded, people were almost pushing one another around. A girl spilt some wine on my dress. She blamed herself, although it wasn't really her fault in that crowd. We left early — I'm sure nobody noticed.2. Pam: We had a few little accidents at the weekend. Markfell and hurt himself, Kate cut herself with a knife and I burnt myself. Jeff wasn't very understanding. He said we weren't careful enough and that we could only blame ourselves for the accidents. Jeff had bought a Do-it-yourself book on carpentry and on Sunday he started to make a wooden table for the balcony. I said to him: "Be careful, don't cut yourself", but he hit his thumb with the hammer three times.3. Monika: We went on a tour of the Lake District. Jill: Oh, how nice! Did you enjoy yourselves? Monika:

Yes, thanks. We met some nice people. Annegretand I were talking German to each other on the bus and we noticed that the man and the woman opposite us were listening. They smiled at each other. Finally, the man introduced himself and said: "My wife and I are learning German, so we need practice. We're going to Germany on holiday next month. I've just been saying some irregular verbs to myself". He laughed, then they both said a few sentences in German. They seemed to be quite proud of themselves because it was the first time they had spoken German to German speakers At home, they could only practise with each other. 4. Steve: Which of these two ties do you like, Jill? Jill: Neither of them.Steve: Why not? I like both of them. And this red and blue one is nice. Now, which of the three do you like best?Jill: None of them. The colours are all too dark. Steve: I like all of them. Jill: And which are you going to buy? Steve: I don't know. I haven't looked at the prices yet (Looks at the prices). Oh, dear! I didn't realize they were so expensive. None of them!5. Conductor: Fares, please!Man: Trafalgar Square, please.64Conductor: I'm sorry, sir. I can't change a pound noteHaven't you got any small change? Man: I've got no small change, I'm afraid.Conductor: I'll ask some of the passengers.Conductor: Have you any small change, sir?1 st Passenger: I'm sorry. I've got none.2 nd Passenger: I haven't got any either.Conductor: Can you change this pound note, madam?3 rd Passenger: I'm afraid I can't4 th Passenger: Neither can I.Conductor: I'm very sorry, sir. You must get offthe bus None of our passengers can change this note. They are all millionaires!Two Tramps: Except us, conductor.1 st Tramp: I've got some small change.2 nd Tramp: So have I.6. Steve: Where's the Latin America's file? I've lookedfor it everywhere, but I can't find it anywhere. I've asked everybody, and nobody knows. Last week I put it somewhere in my cupboard, and now it's nowhere! I need some information for my report. Mr Short wants it tomorrow, and I haven't much progress.Barbara: If I see anyone with it, I'll tell you. Don't worry. Somebody has taken it and will bring it back.Harry: I've got some good news for you, Steve. The file is on Mr Short's desk! Mr Short is waiting for you. Here's a bit of advice, go and see him immediately.Steve: Oh, dear! And you call that good news?7. Helen: Isn't there anyone at home?Jim I'll knock again, Helen. Everything is very quiet.I'm sure there's no one at home. Helen: But that's impossible. Pat and Tom invited us tolunch. Look through the window. Helen: Can you see anything? Jim: [ ook! Everyone's in the garden. Pat: Hullo, Helen. Hullo, Jim. Tom: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden.It's nice and warm out here. Pat: Come and have something to drink Jim: Thanks, Pat. May I have a glass of beer, please? Pat' Beer? There's none left. You can have somelemonade. Jim: Lemonade!65Tom: Don't believe her, Jim. She's only joking. Havesome beer! //. Listen to the texts, ask and answer questions, retellthe texts:1. Bill Graig and John Fitzgerald are pilots. Last year their plane crashed in the Pacific Ocean. They were in а rubber dinghy for four weeks. They didn't have much water, and they didn't have many things to eat. They had a few bananas and a little brandy from the plane. They caught a lot of fish. They had only a little chocolate. They had only a few biscuits and a few apples. After four weeks they saw a ship and the ship rescued them.2. I was outside Frank's house at five o'clock sharp, and a few moments later he came out of the side door, pushing his bike. It didn't take us many minutes to cycle to the river. We stopped at the bridge, lifted our bikes over the gate, and hid them behind the hedge.There were some cows in the meadow. They raised their heads, and looked a little surprised to see visitors so early in the morning. But there was nobody about, apart from ourselves.We reached the island and fixed up our rods. There were a lot of small fish near the surface, but we didn't catch anything for an hour or so. Then suddenly Frank gave a cry,"Got one!"Almost at the same moment something big took my bait. I pulled up my fishing rod and the hook was gone. But Frank was luckier. "Look at this", he said happily, pointing to a large Silver Bream, which lay on the bank.

I congratulated him, but felt a bit disappointed about losing my own fish. The sun was up now. It was getting warmer every moment, and there wasn't much point in continuing to fish. I got out the thermos and we drank a little tea and ate a few biscuits.Self check/. Fill in the gaps with "some", "any", "no" or theircompounds:1 I want .. seats for Tuesday night. Are there ... left? — No, there are ... seats left. Every seat is reserved. 2. Doctor, I think there's ... in my eye. ... looks funny.— Let me have a look. I can't see ... . No, I'm sure there's ... there. 3. There's ... in the other office! — I didn't hear ... .— Well, just have a look. — No, there's ... there. ... has gone home. 4. What areyou looking for? — My pen. It's ... in this room! — Where have you looked? — I've looked ... and I can't find it ... !//. Fill in the gaps with either"(a) little" or "(a) few": 1 I drank ... whisky. 2. He smoked ... cigarettes. 3. I ate ... biscuits. 4. There was ... water on the floor. 5. We took ... photographs. 6. I like ... tomato sauce with my chips. 7. She made ... sandwiches. 8. She's got only ... dollars. 9. I had very ... friends at school. 10. There is too ... sugar in the tea. the tea.///. Fill in the gaps with "many" or "much":1. He hasn't got ... money. 2. We haven't got ... petrol. 3. He hasn't got ... friends. 4. We haven't got ... wine. 5. There aren't ... oranges in the fridge. 6. How ... coffee did you buy? 7. How . . stamps do you want? 8. How ... letters did you write? 9. How ... information was he able to give you? 10. How ... sandwiches do you want? 11. There were too ... people at the party. 12. He made too ... noise.IV. Complete with "both", "neither", "all" or "none":Monika: Which of these blouses do you like? This one or thatone?Maria: ... of them. The colours are too bright. Monika: Well, I like ... of them, and ... of them is expensive.I think I'll try the striped one. Maria: Have you seen these skirts? Which do you like?The blue one, the red one or the green one? Monika: Oh, yes. They are nice. I like ... of them. Theyaren't expensive. ... of them costs more than £10.V. Fill in the gaps with proper reflexive pronouns:1. The dog enjoyed ... with the children. 2. You needn't help them. They can do it ... . 3. I cut ... while shaving. 4. Did he hurt ... ? 5. She introduced ... as Mary Smith. 6. Don't blame ... . It isn't your fault. 7. Help ... to some cake. 8. We enjoyed ... at the party. 9. Your hair is untidy. Look at ... in the mirror. 10. I don't like people who always talk about ... . 11. He was very ashamed of ... . 12. She has won the game and she feels proud of ... .UNIT5 TOPIC: MEALSCOMMUNICATION: REQUESTS. REQUESTS FOR REPETITION. VOLITION.TEXT. THE BROWNS GIVE A DINNER PARTYThis evening the Browns have invited some friends to dinner. It is just a small dinner-party for four of their friends: Mr and Mrs Carter and Mr and Mrs Macdonald.The guests arrive at about half past seven and are shown into the sitting-room where Mr Brown pours drinks for them. Sherry is the most popular wine in England; men usually prefer dry sherry, but women prefer sweet. At eight o'clock Mrs Brown says dinner is ready, and they move into the dining-room.Mary Brown does all the cooking in her house. She is always a little worried in case something goes wrong, but this evening everything goes well and the guests make many kind remarks about her cooking.There are four courses: soup, fish, meat and a sweet which is pudding today. Cheese and biscuits and coffee will be served after the sweet.The conversation at table is lively and interesting. Mrs Brown will not let the men talk about trade and politics all the time; when she thinks anyone is getting tired, she changes the subject. She is very good at getting people to talk in an interesting way, and there is always plenty of laughter at her dinner-table. Mr Brown often wonders how his wife can manage to make sure that all her guests enjoy themselves, and at the same time the dinner is well served.But then, he has known for a long time that his wife is a very clever woman!When dinner is over they go to the sitting-room. For a while the ladies sit and talk while the men stand about smoking their cigars and talking business. Presently Mr Brown brings out some of his new records he thinks his guests will like to hear.At about eleven o'clock the Macdonalds decide they must go as they have to get back to London. The Carters offer to run them to the station in their car. So all the guests leave together. Mr and Mrs Brown see them off at the garden gate. The guests thank their hosts for a pleasant evening and drive off.68Comprehension/. Listen to the text "The Browns Give a Dinner-party" and answer the questions:What are the Browns doing this evening? What do the Browns treat their guests to? What is the conversation at table like? Is Mrs Brown a good hostess? What do the guests do after dinner? When do the guests leave the Browns' house? Do you think they are pleased with the party?//. Read the text and analyse the language peculiarities of the text. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.

Special Difficulties/. Make up sentences using the word combination "to be good at smth. (doing smth.)":e.g. He/chess (play chess)He is good at chess (playing chess)1. Roger/cycle 2. Mike/chemistry 3. I/play football in my youth 4. Simon/maths at school 5. Sheila/tennis when she was young 6. My friend/Spanish 7. My wife/cook 8. The boy/swim 9. Lucy/ dance//. Fill in the gaps with either "to do" or "to make":1. Look! What a nice table he has ... . 2. I .. myself a cup of tea. 3. Shall we ... this translation now? 4. Why! He's crying. What have you ... to him? 5. You've ... so much for her. She must be grateful to you. 6. Don't ... anything till I come back. 7. This cover is ... of plastic. 8. Mr Jenkins is ... a lecture on geography upstairs. 9. We all... mistakes when we were seventeen. 10.1 have never ... a speech in my life. 11. What are you ... here? — I'm waiting for Lucy. 12. You are ... your homework, aren't you? 13. Drink some milk. It will ... you good. 14. He ... a ham-and-egg sandwich. 15. I wonder what present she will ... for him. 16. This factory ... agricultural machines. 17. I advise you not to put off till tomorrow what you can ... today. I8.The remark he . . was so strange that I didn't know what to say in reply. 19. What shall I ... next?///. Fill in the gaps with either "good" or "well":1. My friend speaks several foreign languages ..., he has a .. memory for words. 2. Tony is not very ... when he speaks in public, but he spoke ... at the party yesterday. 3. Mr Smith teaches English .... His lessons are usually very.... 4. I was pleased when the teacher said my son was ... at physics. 5. He is a ... foot-69bailer. He usually plays football ... . 6. The weather was ... yesterday. It was warm and sunny. 7. I'm not very ... either. I caught a cold five days ago. 8. The machine works ... . It has a ... engine. 9. The food in that restaurant is very ... . Let's go there.IV. Focus"In case"a) This structure is used to give reason for doing something: Take this road map in case you get lost.The "in case clause" gives the reason for the "main clause", i. e. the reason for taking a map.b) What's the difference in meaning?1. I'll buy some apples if I get hungry2. I'll buy some apples in case I get hungry.c) Complete these sentences with "if" or "in case":1. I'll take a plastic bottle of water ... I get thirsty. 2. Can you buy me a newspaper ... you pass a kiosk on your way home? 3. We'll have a swim ... we see a nice place by the river. 4. I'll change a travellers' cheque .. the bank is open. 5. He took some extra travellers' cheques ... he ran out of money. 6. ... the post office is open, can you buy me some stamps? 7. When you drive to the mountains this winter, put chains on your wheels ... the roads are icy.V. Translate into English:a) Use the verb "to get":\. Я убедил его позвонить ей. 2. Я не могу заставить его сходить туда. 3. Она заставила его заговорить. 4. Я уговорил его дать мне взаймы 50 фунтов. 5. Я не могу добиться, чтобы она приходила вовремя. 6. Ты можешь сделать так, чтобы дверь закрывалась? 7. Я думаю, что он заставит их кончить работу.b) Use the verb "to let":I. Она разрешила мне пользоваться ее печатной машинкой. 2. Давай я помогу тебе. 3. Я думаю, родители не разрешили ей принять участие в экскурсии. 4. Учитель разрешил тебе отсутствовать на занятиях? 5. Я позволила ей уйти сегодня пораньше. 6. Думаешь, отец Виктора разрешит ему поехать с нами? 7. Моя мать не разрешает мне купаться одной. 8. Он разрешил тебе пользоваться его машиной?Text Exercises/. Ask questions on the text.II. Tell about the Browns' party.70///. When did you last have a party? What was it like? Did you enjoy the party? Was the cooking good? What did you eat?Conversation Practice Requests. Requests for Repetition. Volition."a) How to make a request:WouldCouldWill youCanSpeak a bit slower, will you5

bring us the menu, please?b) How to respond favourably to a request:Yes,of course, certainly, sure.c) How to refuse a request politely:I'm sorry I can't. I'm afraid I can't. I'm terribly sorry butI have to rush off to my work after the lessond) How to express a desire:

I'd like I wanta ticket for the 5 o'clock train, please.e) How to ask people to repeat what they have said:Sorry?Pardon?WhatWhenWhere(did you say)'/. Listen to the conversations, learn them and make substitutions:Treating Guests1. — How about a nice cup of tea before you go? — Yes, I'd love one.71

— How do you like it?— A strong one with three spoons for me, please, (coffee, cocoa)2 — Another piece of meat pie?— No, thanks, really. I'm on a diet.— Please, do. You've hardly eaten anything.— It's delicious, but I don't think I ought to. (chicken, pudding, cake)3. — Do have the rest of the chicken.— No, thank you. I've had too much already.— Just take it to please me.— OK, but only a small piece or I shan't have room for my pudding, (meat, potatoes)4. — Are there any biscuits, please?— Yes, of course. Would you like one?— Yes, please.— Here you are.(sweets, apples, oranges, tomatoes)5. — Will you please give me a little more salad?— Just a moment. Here you are. What about bacon and eggs? Will you have some?— Yes, I'll have some, please. And then a cup of strong tea (cheese, fish)6. — Please, come in.— Thank you.— Please, sit down. Would you like a cup of tea?— Yes, please.— How about a biscuit?— No, thanks. I'm on a diet.(a cup of coffee/a sandwich, a glass of milk/a piece of cake, a glass of lemonade/ an apple pie)7. — Is there any coffee, please?— Yes, there is.— May I have some, please?— Help yourself, (chocolate, beef, cake)Thanks for Hospitality1. — I really must be going now.— But you've only just come. Wouldn't you like to stay for a snack?— That's very kind of you, but I mustn't be too late.— What a pity!— Thanks very much for the party.72— It was a pleasure to have you. 2. — I think I must be off.— So soon? Can't you stay a little longer?— I'd love to, but I have to get up early tomorrow.— What a shame!— Thank you for a wonderful meal— I'm glad you enjoyed it.In a Restauranta) Choosing a dish and a drink1. — What do you want to drink?— I feel like a cup of tea— Do you fancy something to eat?— Yes, I'd rather like some of that fruit cake.— That's a good idea. I think I'll join you.(a cup of coffee/apple pie, a glass of orange juice/pudding2. — What would you like to drink?

— A black coffee for me, please— How about something to eat?— Yes, I'd like a portion of that strawberry tart.— (a glass of mineral water/cake, a bottle of lemonade/meat pie)3. — What will you have for the main course?— Chicken soup and beefsteak.— I don't want soup today. I'll take a mutton chop with mashed potatoes.(noodle soup, veal, chicken, cauliflower)4. — Do you want anything to start with, Simon?— Yes, some tomato juice.— As for me I'd like some salad to begin with, (fish/cold meat, apple juice/ham)5. — What shall we have for dinner today?— Let's have tomato soup and beefsteak.— I'd rather have a mutton chop.(clear soup, milk soup, roasted meat, beefsteak)b) Ordering a meal1- — Have you decided on something'— Yes. Haddock and chips for me, please.— How about the sweet?— No sweet. Just coffee.(chicken and rice, roasted meat and mashed potatoes)732. — May I take your order, sir.-1

— Yes, I'd like to try the steak, please.— And to follow?— Ice-cream, please.3. — Can I take your order, sir?— I'll just take a small salad, please.— Do you want any sweet? — Apple pie and custard would be nice.(a steak/ a cup of coffee, fried potatoes/an ice-cream)4. — Oh, excuse me!— Yes, sir?— Could you bring us some more tea, please?— Of course, sir.— ... and could you bring me the bill, please. I'm in a hurry, (coffee, cream, beer)5. Customer: Waiter! I'd like the menu, please. Waiter: Here you are, sir.Customer: Thanks... I'd like some soup.Waiter: Tomato soup?Customer: Yes, please and I'd like a steak. Waiter: Rare, medium or well-done?Customer: Medium, please.Waiter: Which vegetables would you like?Customer: I'd like some potatoes, some peas and a salad,please.Waiter: Certainly, sir. Customer: And I'd like some wine. Waiter: Which wine would you like, sir? Customer: A bottle of red wine, please. 6. Waiter: May I help you? Customer: I'd like a steak. Waiter: How would you like it? Customer: Rare. Waiter: O'kay. And would you prefer a baked potato or ricewith it?Customer: I'd prefer a baked potato. Waiter: Anything to drink?Customer: How about a nice cup of coffee, please? Waiter: O'kay. That's a rare steak with a baked potato and a cup of coffee.//. Listen to the conversation below74Eating DinnerTim: It's a quarter past two (2.15) I haven't had anything to eatsince breakfast. I'm hungrySheila: So am I.Tim: You'd like dinner now, wouldn't you?Sheila: Yes.Tim: Why don't we eat in that restaurant?Sheila: That's a good idea.(In the restaurant)

Tim: Waiter! Waiter! Bring us the menu, will you?Waiter: Sorry, what did you say?Tim: Will you please bring us the menu?Waiter: Yes, of course. Here you are.Tim: We'll need a while to choose. Could you come back in aminute?Waiter: All right.Tim: Is there anything to your taste on the menu? Sheila: Yes, all kinds of things. Tim: Would you like anything to start with? Sheila: Yes, I'd like to try the cucumber salad. Tim: So would I. And what about the main course? Sheila: I can't decide between the veal cutlet and the chicken. Tim: Let's take the veal cutlet. It's the speciality of the house. Sheila: All right.Tim: What would you like with the veaP Sheila: Cauliflower.Tim: And I prefer boiled potatoes. Do you want some fruit? Sheila: I'd like an orange. Waiter: Can I take your order now? Tim: We want dinner for two. Bring us two veal cutlets withcauliflower and boiled potatoes, two cucumber salads anda couple of oranges. Waiter: Anything to drink? Sheila: A half of cider, please.Tim: A half of cider and a pint of bitter, please. I hope it's cold. Waiter: Would you like anything else? Tim: No, that'll be all right. Sheila: Would you please bring me a napkin? Waiter: Certainly.(some minutes later) Tim: How is the cutlet?Sheila: Very tender, thank you And I like the oranges. They are very juicy75Tim: Waiter, our bill, please. How much is it? Waiter: Here you are, sir. Eight pounds and twenty pence. Tim: Thank you. Here is ten pounds. Keep the change. Waiter: Thank you, sir.///. Answer the questions:Where is the scene taking place? Who are the speakers? Are they having breakfast or dinner? What have they decided on? How does Sheila find the cutlet and the oranges? Have they tipped the waiter?IV. Listen to the conversation again. Imitate the phrases expressing requests and volition and the replies to them.V. Read the conversation and analyse its language peculiarities.VI. Give a brief account of the conversation.VII. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Я хочу есть.— Я тоже. Пожалуйста, принесите мне салфетку. Почему бы нам не пообедать в том ресторане? Официант, принесите нам меню, пожалуйста. Я бы хотела салат из огурцов для начала. В меню есть что-нибудь на твой вкус? Мы хотим обед на двоих. Можно у вас взять сейчас заказ? Ты бы хотела пообедать, не так ли? Простите, что вы сказали? Я с самого завтрака ничего не ел. Хотите что-нибудь выпить? Нам понадобится немного времени, чтобы выбрать. Я предпочитаю вареный картофель. Как тебе нравится котлета? Вот, пожалуйста. Они очень сочные. Официант, счет, пожалуйста.VIII. Give synonymous expressions to the following: You'd like dinner now, wouldn't you? Why don't we eat in that restaurant? Bring us the menu, will you? Sorry, what did you say? Could you come back in a minute? Would you like anything to start with? I'd like to try the cucumber salad. Let's take the veal. Can I take your order now? We want dinner for two. Would you please bring me a napkin? How is the cutlet? How much is it?IX Role-play the conversation "Eating Dinner".X. Make requests. Use the word combinations prompted:1. — Would you please bring me another glass?— Here you are.(give one's pen, lend one's type-writer, pass the mustard)2. — Could you give me a lift?— Pardon?76— I said "Could you give me a lift?"— Certainly.(post this parcel, get a ticket for me, stay a little longer, get my bill ready, call for me on your way back)3. — Will you please show me the way?— Of course.(help me with my luggage, reserve a table, type this letter, pick me up at the office)4. — Can you lend me some money?— I'm afraid I can't. (I have no money about me.) (translate the text, repair the radio-set, give one's records, see me home)5. — Buy some bread on your way home, will you?— All right.(ring smb. up, send a telegram, fetch a chair)6. — May I have some more tea, dear?

— Yes, sure. Pass your cup along. (beer, coffee, fruit, juice)7. — Would you like anything else?— No, that'll be all right. (sweet, fruit, juice)XI. Make requests with "can", "could", "will", "would", "may":1. You are sitting at the breakfast table and want the salt and pepper. You ask your neighbour: ... ?2. You want to join your friend at the canteen for lunch. You ask him: ... ?3. The coffee is practically cold. You ask the waiter: ...?4. You would like to call your friend from the office. You ask his boss: ... ?5. You want to light a cigarette but you have no lighter. You ask your colleague: ... ?6. The table is too close to the orchestra. You ask the waiter: ...?7. You want to type some documents but you have no typewriter. You ask your friend: ...?8. You are going to have a party. You ask your friend: ... ?9. You are furnishing and decorating your flat. You ask your friend next door: ... ?10. You are short of money. You ask your cousin: ... ?1 1. You don't know the way to the station. You ask a policeman on duty: ... ?12. You are looking for the inquiry office. You ask an official:77XII. How can you make these requests more polite?1. Post the letter. 2. Answer the telephone. 3. Switch off the TV set. 4. Pass me the salt. 5. Show me that grey suit 6. Lend me ten dollars. 7. Bring me your records. 8. Fix my sink. 9. Give me your lighter. 10. Help me with my English. 11. Open the window.XIII. Ask your friend to:show you the way, wait a minute, tell you the time, do you a favour, lend you some money, call back later, post the letter, help you, keep your company, give you a lift, pass you the salt, repair your TV set, translate this text, take a message to ..., carry your bag.Your friend will comply or refuse.XIV. Ask your friend:1. what film he would like to see; 2. where he would like to live; 3. if he wants to take part in the picnic; 4. what he would like for dessert; 5. if he would like to listen to pop music; 6. when he wants to start.Your friend will respond.XV. Speaking indistinctly your friend:1. asks you the time; 2. asks you where you live; 3. tells you where he/she lives; 4. tells you something about the weather; 5. says he/she can't come to your party; 6. says he/she will phone you at nine.You haven't heard properly. Ask your friend to repeat what he/she said.XVI. Translate into English (self check):1. Вы не передадите ей эту записку? — С удовольствием. 2. Пожалуйста, подожди меня немного.— Хорошо. 3. Зайдем в это кафе? — Хорошая идея.— Что ты будешь пить — чай или кофе? — Чай с лимоном.— Возьмем что-нибудь поесть? Ты, должно быть, проголодалась.— Да. Хотелось бы попробовать бифштекс.— Что-нибудь еще? — Нет, это все.— Итак, мы можем заказывать. Официант! — Да, сэр? — Принесите нам, пожалуйста, два бифштекса и чай с лимоном.— Хорошо, сэр. 4. Вы не могли бы подвезти меня на вокзал? — С удовольствием. 5. Ты не сделаешь мне одолжение? Я хочу сходить на почту за посылкой. Ты не присмотришь за Аней, пока меня не будет? — Конечно, я сейчас же зайду.XVII. Act out the following situations:a) You've come to a restaurant. You call the waiter and order78dinner of three courses. At the end of the meal you ask for the bill.b) Your friend and you are at a restaurant. At the moment you are looking at the menu and choosing the dishes you would like to try. Your tastes differ.c) You are at your friends' house. The hostess is treating you to a substantial dinner and the host is pouring wine. You enjoy the meal and compliment the hostess on her cooking. On leaving the house you thank the hostess for a wonderful meal.XVII/. Listen to the conversation:Booking in AdvanceA man is calling a restaurant to reserve a table.Maitre D': Good evening, Le Cuisiner.Mr Novak: Hello. I'd like to make a reservation for next Saturday night.Maitre D': All right. How many are there in your party, sir, and what time would you like to come?Mr Novak: At 7.30 and there'll be four of us.Maitre D': Just a moment, please ... I'm afraid I don't have anything for four at 7.30. Would 8 be all right?Mr Novak: Yes, it would.Maitre D': Your name, please.Mr Novak: Novak.Maitre D': All right, Mr Novak, I've reserved a table for a party of four at 8 this corning Saturday.Mr Novak: Thank you. Goodbye.

Maitre D': Goodbye.Questions: What is Mr Novak doing at the moment? Whenwould he like to come? How many people are there in their party?Does 8 o'clock suit Mr Novak?XIX. Role-play the conversation.XX. Situation: It is your wife's birthday tomorrow. You are going out to celebrate. At the moment you are phoning a restaurant and booking a table for eight peopleListeningMealsMeals in England are much the same as in other countries with the exception of breakfast. I expect you've heard all about the79English breakfast with its porridge or cereal, bacon and eggs, toast, marmalade and tea or coffee. Very few people like chocolate or cocoa for breakfast. In the afternoon about four o'clock or half past nearly everybody has tea. The two main meals of the day, lunch and dinner, are more or less alike. Most people have lunch about one o'clock and dinner at half past seven or later.Questions: What is the English breakfast like? What are the two main meals of the day? When do the English have lunch (dinner)?At the Continental RestaurantYesterday was Sherman and Dorothy Johnson's twenty-third anniversary. They went to the Continental Restaurant for dinner. This restaurant is a very special place for Sherman and Dorothy because they went there on their first date twenty-four years ago. Sherman and Dorothy sat at a quiet, romantic table in the corner. They had two glasses of wine and then they ordered dinner. First Dorothy ordered a bowl of vegetable soup, and Sherman ordered a glass of tomato juice.For the main course Dorothy ordered baked chicken with rice and Sherman ordered fish with potatoes.For dessert Dorothy ordered a piece of apple pie and Sherman ordered a bowl of strawberries.Sherman and Dorothy enjoyed their dinner very much. The soup was delicious and the tomato juice was fresh. The chicken was wonderful and the rice was tasty. The fish was fantastic and the potatoes were excellent. The apple pie was magnificent and the strawberries were out of this world!Sherman and Dorothy had a wonderful evening at the Continental Restaurant. It was a very special anniversary.Questions: Where did Sherman and Dorothy celebrate their wedding anniversary? What dishes did they order at the restaurant? How did they find the cooking?Dinner for TwoMax Roberts is a bachelor. He lives in a small flat in London. Max not only enjoys eating food, he enjoys preparing it as well. His favourite hobby is cooking. He has had so much practice that he has become an expert cook.His sister, Anne, called on him last Sunday evening. It was nearly dinner time and Max was in the kitchen. He was wearing an apron and preparing a meal."You will stay to dinner, of course", Max said. "I'm starving!" Ann said. "Is there enough food for both of us?" "I hope so," Max80 answered. Anne lifted the lid of the saucepan. "Mm", she said. "It smells delicious. What is it?" "It's a Mexican dish", Max answered. "But this dish ought to be good. I've been preparing it for 5 hours". "There's enough food here for ten people! "Anne said as she looked into the saucepan. "Are you expecting company?" "No", Max replied. "I was going to eat it all myself".Questions: Where does Max live? What is Max's favourite hobby? When did his sister call on him? Where was Max at the time? What was Max doing when his sister called? What sort of dish was Max preparing? Why did his sister ask him if he was expecting company?An Unwelcome VisitorThe door bell rang. Mrs Carson opened the front door. Her heart sank when she saw Mrs Barbidge. Whenever Mrs Barbidge called she stayed for hours and hours."Good afternoon, Mrs Carson", Mrs Barbidge said. "I was just passing and thought I'd drop in to say hullo"."How very thoughtful of you", Mrs Carson replied. "Do come in."Just as Mrs Carson had feared Mrs Barbidge stayed for several hours. It was nearly six o'clock and Mr Carson would be home from work soon. He couldn't stand Mrs Barbidge. Mrs Carson kept wondering how she could persuade Mrs Barbidge to leave without offending her."Has your husband got home from work yet?" Mrs Carson asked. "Oh, yes," Mrs Barbidge answered. "He always gets home about 5 o'clock". "It's nearly 6 o'clock. Won't he be getting worried about you?" Mrs Carson said."I thought of that," Mrs Barbidge said. "But it's so pleasant here. We've had such a lovely afternoon. You know what I'll do? I'll ring up my husband and tell him to come round too. May I use your phone, please?"Questions: Why was Mrs Carson disappointed when MrsBarbidge called? When does Mr Carson come from work? Howdoes Mr Carson feel about Mrs Barbidge? How did Mrs Carsontry to get Mrs Barbidge to leave? Why did Mrs Barbidge decide

i to telephone her husband?Reading1. You'll find restaurants for every situation in the US. If you are in a hurry, you may just want to grab some "junk food" at a grocery store or a candy counter, or you can get a bite to eat at81one of the many fast food chains, like McDonald's, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, or Taco Time. Or you can get a hero or submarine sandwich "to stay" or "to go" from a sandwich shop or deli. Some of these places have tables, but many don't. People eat in their cars or take their food home, to their offices or to parks. If you prefer sitting down but still don't want to spend much, you can try a cafeteria. At all of these places, you pay at a cash register before you sit down, and you don't have to tip anybody — but you usually have to clear the table when you finish!Glossarycandy п.: very sweet sugary fooddeli п.: short for delicatessen, a shop where you can buy salads and cooked meats and have sandwiches madejunk food п.: snack foods that are not good for you2. I'm a terrible cook. I've tried hard but it's no use. I've got lots of cookery books, I choose a dish I want to cook, I read the recipe, I prepare all the necessary ingredients and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some other quick snack. So I often eat out. I don't like grand restaurants. It's not the expense, it's just that I don't feel at ease in them. First the waiter gives me a menu which I can't understand because it's complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the meal when I pay the bill I never know how much to leave as a tip. I prefer fast food places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And I like take-away places, where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home.3. Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She loves entertaining. She lays the table: puts the cutlery in the right places, sets out the plates and puts a clean white napkin at each place. For the meal itself, she usually gives her guests some kind of starter first, for example soup or melon. Next comes the main course which is usually meat (unless some of her guests are vegetarians or they're on a special diet) with a side-dish of salad. For dessert it's usually fruit or ice-cream and then coffee. When everyone has gone home, she must think about doing the washing up, as in the kitchen the sink is full of dirty cutlery.Self check/. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:Mike and Peter have come ... the canteen to have dinner. It is only half... one but there are a lot of people ... the canteen already.82The boys go ... a small round table .. a window, take a menu-card ... the next table and begin to read it. There is a great choice ... dishes ... the menu. Mike wants to have cabbage soup ... the first course. Peter prefers milk soup. ... the second course the boys will have fish ... potatoes. Both ... them are fond ... ice-cream, so they are going to have it... dessert.Mike has taken a newspaper... his bag. He likes to read something ... dinner.//. Fill in the gaps with articles where necessary:1 I don't like ... mineral water, I prefer ... cup of ... tea. 2. Is there anything to your taste on ... menu? 3. She is going to cook ... fish soup for ... dinner 4. What can you recommend for first course? 5. ... meat is just to my liking. 6. What do you usually have for ... second course? 7. ... cheese was fresh and tasty and he ate it with ... appetite. 8. At... dinner we sat far from each other and could not talk. 9. After ... dinner sit a while, after ... supper walk a mile. 10. Who is coming to ... tea? 11. I had ... supper at the hotel restaurant 12 For ... breakfast I had ... boiled egg and ... cup of ... strong tea. 13. He prefers ... roasted meat for... second course. 14. She likes ... black coffee for ... breakfast. 15. Will you please buy ... loaf of ... brown bread? 16. He is fond of cabbage soup. 17. I liked ... pork we had for ... supper. 18. I had ... big dinner today. 19. Did you enjoy ... meal? 20. ... juice was delicious. 21. . dinner is cold already. We must warm it up. 22. It is ... very substantial breakfast, isn't it? 23. I enjoyed ... lunch they served at the restaurant.///. Translate into English:— Ты уже обедал?— Нет еще.— Я тоже. Я очень хочу есть. Давай пообедаем где-нибудь вместе.— Хорошо. Пойдем в кафе на улице Центральной?— С удовольствием. Я там неоднократно бывал. Это кафе мне очень нравится. Там хорошо готовят и обслуживают.В кафе— Что сегодня в меню?— Много блюд на мой вкус. Я хочу взять куриный бульон, бифштекс и стакан апельсинового сока. А ты?— Что касается меня, то я возьму баранью отбивную и бутылку пива. Я не хочу суп сегодня.— Ты хочешь мороженого?

— Нет, я не люблю мороженое.83— Ты не хочешь выпить?— Давай возьмем бутылку сухого вина.— Что-нибудь еще?— Нет, это все. Давай позовем официанта и сделаем заказ.Fluency/. Answer the following questions.What does your usual dinner consist of? What are your favourite dishes? Are you a good cook? Can you give me a recipe of one of the dishes you can cook best? Have you got any children? What are their likes and dislikes as far as food is concerned? Do you always eat at home or do you sometimes dine out? When did you last go to a restaurant? Did you like the service and the cooking? Which of the Minsk restaurants do you prefer? Why? Have you ever travelled abroad? How did you find the food in the countries you visited? What is the canteen in your office like? Do you often have your meals there?//. Discuss the following:1. Many people find it very convenient to have dinner at a canteen or a cafe on week-days. Are you of the same opinion? Why?2. It is convenient to have a party at a restaurant rather than at home. No trouble at all. All pleasure and fun. What do you think of it?///. Act out the following situations:1. You want to arrange a business lunch for yourself and representatives of another company. Call the restaurant to reserve a table for the number of people and time you want. Ask what they have on their menu.2. Your friend and you are having lunch in a restaurant in London. Before paying the bill you decide on how much to tip the waiter, (the meat was overdone, the service was slow, some items on the table were missing)IV. Speak ona) your favourite dishes; b) your usual breakfast (dinner, supper); c) the evening you spent at a restaurant.V. Write about the party you enjoyed.84UNIT 6COMMUNICATION: SOLIDARITYGRAMMAR: QUESTION TAGSIllustrative Situations/. Listen to the dialogues and learn them:1. — Bill is very athletic. He can swim very well.— So can Jack.— Yes, they are both very good at sports.2. — I am going to the pictures.— So am I.— I hope the film will be good.— So do I.3. — Where is Kate?— She's got to stay at home and look after the children.— So has Bill, as a matter of fact— Then we can't play bridge, can we?4. — Jim played cards yesterday.— So did Paul.— Didn't they get into trouble?— Yes, I expect so.5. — I'm afraid Jack and Jim aren't getting on very well inEnglish.— No, they aren't.— Particularly Jack, he ought to work harder.— So ought Jim.— I quite agree.6. — Have you ever been to Australia?— No, 1 haven't.— Neither have I, but I've been to Japan— So have I.7. — I'm not going to the club, I'm afraid.— Neither am I.- It's a pity, isn't it?— Yes, I suppose so.

8. — Have you got a radio?— No, I haven't. But I've got a piano— So have I.9. — What do you think of space travel?— I think it's very exciting.— So do I, but Mary doesn't.— Doesn't she?— No, she thinks it's rather useless8510. — As a child I could jump well.— I couldn't but I could climb trees.— So could I but I can't now. - - Neither can I.11. — Would you like to buy a bicycle?— No, not particularly. I'd rather buy a motor-bike. —So would I.12. — Dick will get a rise next month.— So will Bill.13. A: I'm on holiday next month. B: So am I.A: I need a change.B: Oh, so do 1. I'm tired of the same office and the same peopleevery day!A: Where are you going? B: Spain.A: Oh, I went there last year. B: So did I. We always go to Spain .. but we never go to theCosta Brava.A: No, neither do I. There are too many English people there. B: Where exactly are you going?A: San Pedro. . it's a little village on the north coast. B: You're joking!A: No, I'm not. I've been there three times. B: So have we... and we're going there this year, too. A: ... not to the Hotel del Sol? B: Yes ... why?A: Well, I'll see you. I'm staying there, too! 14. Pascale: I like tea with milk and sugarLuisa: So do I, but I don't like the coffee here, and neither does Maria. It's too weak. Can you cook English food?Pascale: No, not very well.Luisa: Neither can I But we had a good meal last night at Stone's Chop House. They call it "The home of traditional English food."Pascale: Yes, in Leicester Square. But isn't eating out in London expensive! I've spent so much money on food. Luisa: So have I, and I've also put on weight.Practice/. Express solidarity. e.g. A: Tom is going by taxi. (Bill) B: And so is Bill.86A: She works in a laundry, (he)B: And so does he.1. They had cornflakes for breakfast. (I) 2. George has lunch in the canteen. (Gerald) 3. John has a car. (Alan) 4. Ann got a parking ticket. (Alice) 5. Mary's taking photographs. (Michael) 6. I'm tired of this, (we all) 7. Richard has just got home. (Philip) 8. Bill should take a holiday. (Peter) 9. Emily offered to help. (Jean) 10. Hugh liked the film. (Mary) li. Jack must go. (his wife) 12. Ann made six mistakes, (you) 13. They're looking for a flat, (we) 14. They missed the programme, (we) 15. Philip will have to take lessons. (Pat) 16. Dick speaks Chinese. (Paul) 17. Fred has bought a car. (Mark) 18. Steve can swim well. (Donald) 19. I'm happy. (I) 20. I was here last week. (I) 21. I studied mathematics at school. (I) e.g. A: Jack couldn't understand it. (Tom)B: Neither could Tom.A: He can't cook, (she)B: Neither can she.1. Peter hasn't time to study. (Bill) 2. George mustn't be late. (Arthur) 3. Paul didn't get any sleep, (his mother) 4. Ann doesn't smoke. (I) 5. Nancy won't come, (her husband) 6. Paul doesn't believe you. (James) 7. Bill hasn't been waiting long. (Bob) 8. Andrew wasn't drunk. (Peter) 9. They don't know the way. (I) 10. Ann won't write letters. (Lucy) 11. Charles wasn't making a noise. (Jack) 12. He won't be ready by six. (she) 13. The Smiths aren't rich, (the Joneses) 14. He can't explain it. (anyone else) 15. Peter hasn't started work yet. (Harold) 16. Ann couldn't lift it. (Alice) 17. Jack hadn't been paid. (Peter) 18. 1 wasn't late this morning. (I) 19. I didn't go to the cinema last night. (I) 20. I haven't got a Rolls-Royce. (I)//. Express solidarity in response to your friend's statements (both affirmative and negative).Self check/. Complete with "so" or "neither":Pascale: Are you enjoying the course?Ann: Yes, very much.Pascale: ... I I think our English is really improving.

Ann: My pronunciation has improved a lot.Pascale: By the way, how did you do in the last test?Ann: Quite well. I thought most of it was fairly easy.Pascale: ... I. I didn't do very well in the first test though.Ann: No,... I. That's why I was surprised at my last test result.87Pascale: ... the rest of us. Everybody passed. But I still don'tlike tests. And ... Monika. She gets so nervous! Ann: I'm looking forward to a rest over the weekend. Pascale: Yes,... I. There are so many interesting things to do here.I haven't seen any of the markets yet, for instance. Ann: No, ... I. I'd like to go to Portobello Road. Luisa's beenthere. Pascale: ... Monika. She loved it. It was crowded and noisyand full of atmosphere. The things they sell there are veryinteresting. Ann: And ... the people who sell them, I expect. Let's go therenext Saturday.//. Translate into English:1. Николай хорошо говорит по-английски.— Его жена тоже. 2. Я еще не видел этот фильм.— Я тоже. 3. Мы собираемся на экскурсию в выходные дни.— Мы тоже. 4. Аня не пришла на концерт вчера.— Ее брат тоже. 5. Я не умею играть в гольф.— Я тоже. 6. Вчера мне пришлось много работать.— Мне тоже. 7. Джон любит фигурное катание.— Его жена тоже. 8. Я не знаю его адрес.— Я тоже. 9. Роберт придет.— Виктор тоже. 10. Я уже заказал билет.— Я тоже. 11. Вчера я видел Николая.— Я тоже. 12. Мне не понравился концерт.— Мне тоже. 13. Рад вас видеть.— Я тоже. 14. Я не буду присутствовать на собрании.— Я тоже.QUESTION TAGS

Illustrative Situations/. Listen to the conversations and learn them. Observe the question tags used in the conversations. 1. Steve: You didn't have a very good holiday, did you?Diana: No, but how do you know? Oh, I expect George told you, didn't he?Steve: Yes, I met him in town last week. You went to Spain,didn't you?Diana: Yes, I like Spain, but... Steve: ... but it rained all the time, didn't it? And you didn'tlike the hotel, did you?Diana: That's right. You went to Spain last year, didn't you? Steve: Yes, but we had a lovely time. In fact, we'll probably gothere again next year. 2. Jill: What shall I make when you come to tea on Sunday,Mark? You like chocolate cake, don't you? Mark: Oh, yes, please. It's my favourite.88Jill: And Kate likes strawberry jelly, doesn't she?Mark: Yes, and so do I.Jill: And you also like chocolate ice-cream, don't you?Mark: Yes, I love it. Uncle Steve likes ice-cream, too, doesn't he?Jill: Yes, that's right. By the way, I think you've eaten enoughof those sweets, Mark. The bag's almost empty. Youdon't want to be ill, do you?3. Steve: The curry is excellent, isn't it?Jill: Yes, you're glad we came now, aren't you?Steve: Yes, of course. It's better than the curries I make at home.Jill: And it isn't very expensive here, is it?Steve: Probably because it's new. They only opened last week.Jill: They aren't very busy, are they?Steve: No, not yet, but it's still early. Only 6.30 p.m. And it isMonday night. It will probably be much busier atweekends.4. Hans: The bus leaves at 8.30, doesn't it? AH: Yes, we'll have to get up early.Hans: And we have lunch in Winchester, don't we?AH: That's right. After the visit to the Cathedral. Then on toSalisbury and Stonehenge. Hans: I wonder when the bus will get back. We got back fromthe last tour at about 6.30, didn't we? AH: Yes, in time for the theatre. But you don't want to goout after the tour, do you? Hans: Well, I'd like to go to a concert, but I'll probably be tootired.Practice/. Make question tags:e.g. A: I'm not late.B: I'm not late, am I? '

1. You won' t tell Peter. 2. You needn't start at once. 3. His parents weren't angry. 4. Ann never reads reviews. 5. We shan't have to wait long. 6. You don't expect me to wait all night. 7. This bus service isn't very reliable. 8. You haven't read this book. 9. You can't play poker. 10. She didn't type the article yesterday. 11. Ann doesn't like detectives. 12. You don't have to work hard. 13. Jack wasn't at the party. 14. He couldn't get the tickets. 15. Lucy didn't come. 16. You won't invite Paul. 17. You haven't talked to the boss, e.g. A: The coffee was terrible.B: The coffee was terrible, wasn't it?1. Tom and Ann have announced their engagement. 2. They89are getting married next month. 3. Bill will be disappointed 4. He was hoping to marry her himself. 5. You earn twice as much as your brother. 6. And he works much harder than you. 7. He ought to ask for more money. 8 His employers could afford to pay him more 9. They made an enormous profit last year. 10. Dick can swim well. 11. He can also dive very well. 12. He is good at water-skiing, too. 13. Last year he won the water-skiing compe-tition, e.g. A: You didn't have to wait long.B: You didn't have to wait long, did you? e.g. A: A bus came almost at once.B: A bus came almost at once, didn't it? 1. You won't be late. 2. You'll be in time. 3. They weren't very good jokes. 4. Nobody laughed. 5. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 6 You will be careful. 7. They hadn't met before. 8. I'm in time. 9. You didn't expect him to get the job. 10. He was quite astonished himself. 11. But it'll mean living in London. 12. He won't like that 13. You can manage on your own. 14. You don't want me to help you. 15. Anyway I'm not much use. 16. You aren't listening to the radio. 17. Paul caught the 8.40. 18. Ann hasn't come yet. 19. You don't think it was my fault. 20. You like Peter. 21. They didn't take your passport. 22. The bottle was full this morning. 23. You aren't going to do anything stupid. 24. You can sail a boat. 25. We don't have to start at once. 26. You didn't find your watch. 27. You know Peter Brown. 29. Bob will drive the car. 30. She doesn't speak French. 31. Lucy is at home now.//. Ask your friend for some information using question tags. Ask him/her about a) sports b) food c) entertainments.Self check/. Put in the correct question tags:An InterrogationPoliceConstable: You are John Alfred Smithers, ...?Smithers: Yes, I amPC: You're 36, ...?S: Yes, that's right. It was my birthday yesterday.PC: You sell cars, ...?S: Yes, I do. And other things.PC: You live in Baling, ...?S: Yes, I do. I've lived here all my life.90PC. You went to Ascot races yesterday, . ?S: That's right.PC' You weren't alone, ...?S: No, ! wasn't I was with Isadora BellPC: But you're married, ..., Smithers?S: Yes, but I haven't seen my- wife For three years.PC' I see. Now you left your flat at ono o'clock, . .?S: Yes, about one o'clock.PC: You were in your Jaguar, .. ?S: Yes, I was.PC: You didn't stop for petrol, ...?S: No.PC: You had lunch in an Indian restaurant, .. ?S: Oh, no we didn't. We had lunch in a pub.PC: You don't remember the name of the pub, ...?S: No, I'm afraid 1 don't.PC: You had chicken and chips, ...?S: No, no, no. We had beer and sandwiches outside.PC: You arrived in time for the first race, and stayed until thelast race, ...? S: Yes!PC: You were very lucky, ...? S: Yes, I was. PC: You won f 5,000,...? S: No, I can't remember exactly how much. PC: There was f 5,000 in your flat, ...? S: Was there?PC: You don't know where Miss Bell is> now, ...? S: No, I'm not her husband, ...? PC- But you left her in Central London, because she wanted tobuy some clothes. S: Yes, yes.PC: It's very interesting, ..., Mr Smithers? S: What do you mean? PC: The last race at Ascot began late and it

didn't finish untiltwenty-five past five, so you drove from Ascot to CentralLondon and back to Haling in 35 minuies, in the rush hour.That's impossible, ... Mr Smithers!//. Translate into English:1. — Ты живешь на улице Центральной, не так ли?— Да, я живу там уже пять лет.— Ты ведь знаешь Олега Лобова?— Да, он мой сосед.— Ты можешь передать ему записку?91— Конечно.2. — Николай уехал в Москву на прошлой неделе, не правда ли?- Да.— Он еще не вернулся, не так ли?— Нет.— Но он ведь вернется к субботе?— Думаю, что вернется.3. — Ты не умеешь играть в шахматы, не так ли?— Да, не умею.— Но ты ведь играешь в шашки?- Да.— Тогда давай поиграем в шашки.U N IT 7GRAMMAR. PAST PERFECT. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS. FUTURE PERFECT. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS.Illustrative Situations/. Study these example situations:1. I went to a party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tom went home at 10.30. So, when I arrived at 11 o'clock, Tom wasn't there. He had gone home.2. As I was going to the station some days ago it began to rain. Fortunately I had taken an umbrella and put on my raincoat.3. Yesterday I had a spare ticket for a concert. I knew that my cousin had already passed her exams and I invited her to theconcert.4. The other day 1 met my school-mate. He said he had spent a month at the seaside and enjoyed his holidays there.5. Richard went home a few minutes early yesterday. A few minutes after he had left, his boss phoned and asked to see him urgently. He was very angry when Richard's secretary told him he had gone.Richard had already gone when his boss phoned.6. Last Saturday we had a party. Some guests were late. We sat down to dinner only when all the guests had arrived.7. I went to the movies after I had done my test.8. When Mr Hanson was leaving the office he asked his secretary to type some letters. She had typed all the letters by the time Mr Hanson came back.9. By 7 o'clock I had packed my suitcases and was readyto start.9210. Last month I was in London. I had done a lot of sightseeing before I left London.11. When I called on Peter last week I found him in bed. He looked pale as he had been seriously ill for a month.12. Some weeks ago I had a party. My friend Victor didn't come to the party as he had left for Geneva the day before.13. When I met Robert last month he told me he had bought a car the previous week.14. Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very wet. It had been raining.It wasn't raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it had been raining. That's why the ground was wet.15. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one had a black eye. They had been fighting.16. When I entered Jane's room yesterday I saw that her eyes were red. I understood that she had been crying.17 When I called on my friend the other day he was writing a report. He said he had been working at it for a month.//. Listen and learn the following dialogues:1. — Fred had studied French for ten years before he went to

France.— Could he understand French people when he arrived in France?— Yes, he could, but not very well.2. — I met Bill last Friday. He told me he had written a book.— Wasn't he joking?— Yes, he probably was.3. — I phoned Harry yesterday. He said he had made a discovery.— Wasn't he joking?— Yes, he might have.4. — Kate was very clever as a child.— Was she really?— Oh, yes. By the time she was three, she'd learned to dance.— How remarkable!5. — How long have you known Jim Black?— For six years. I met him at my uncle's six years ago.— How long had he been a teacher at that time?— For about two years.6. — I hear you had a telephone call from Edward yes-terday.93— Yes, I did. He phoned to tell me he had got married.— What else did he say?— He said he was going to Florida.Practice/. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets: You went back to your home town alter many years and found that many things were different.1. My friend Henry was no longer there. He (go) away.2. The local cinema was no longer open. It (close) down.3. Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He (die)4. I didn't recognise Mrs Johnson She (change) a lot.5. Bill no longer had his car. He (sell) it.//. Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the j verb in brackets:e.g. Mr and Mrs Davis were in an aeroplane. They were verynervous as the plane took off because they (fly).. Theywere very nervous because they had never flown before.1. The woman was a complete stranger to me. I (see) ...2. Margaret was late for work. Her boss was very surprised.She (be late ...) 3. Janet played tennis yesterday — at least shetried to play tennis. She wasn't very good at it because she(play) . . 4. It was Keith's first driving lesson. He was verynervous and didn't know what to do He (drive) ... 5. She foundit difficult to type. She (type) ...///. Make up sentences using the words in brackets: e.g. I wasn't hungry. (I/just/have/lunch) I had just had lunch.1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived, (he/just/go out) 2. We arrived at the cinema late (the film/already/begin) 3. They weren't eating when I went to see them, (they/just/finish/their dinner) 4. I invited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come (she/already/arrange/to do smth. else) 5. I was very pleased to see Nora after such a long time. (I/not/see/her/for 5 years) 6. I knew the actor well. (I/see/him/ in/ many plays) 7. Jane was busy in the kitchen, (she/not/cook/dinner/yet) 8. Robert was late for the lecture, (he/miss/the 8 o'clock train)IV. Join the sentences together. Do it as in the examples: e.g. We came to the stadium. The football match started When we came to the stadium the football match had already started.941. She phoned me. I packed my luggage. 2. I found her carriage. She got off the train. 3. I returned home. The guests left. 4. We got to the station. Our train went out. 5. I came home. My son went to the cinema. 6. I phoned Lucy. She left the house, e.g. The inspector examined rny suitcases. I went to the train. After the inspector had examined my suitcases I went to the train.I. He had dinner. He went to the movies. 2. She wrote the letter. She went to the post-office. 3. He finished work. He left the office. 4. He saw his friend off. Then he returned home. 5. She felt well. She took some pills, e.g. The rain stopped. We went out.The rain had stopped before we went out. I. She got off the train. I reached the platform. 2. She passed all her exams. She left for Moscow. 3. I listened to the news. I began to do my exercises. 4. She studied English well. She went to London. 5. We returned home. It got dark, e.g. I booked a ticket. I phoned Bill.As soon as I had booked a ticket I phoned Bill. I. He reserved a room at the hotel. He went to the post-office. 2. He

paid the bill. He left the hotel. 3. She finished work. She went out for a walk. 4. I cooked dinner. I began to lay the table. 5. I did the test. I left the Institute, e.g. Mr Jones came home. His son repaired the TV set.By the time Mr Jones came home his son had repaired the TV set.I. The boss returned. The secretary typed the documents. 2. I got to the station at 6. My friend booked the tickets. 3. He came home. His wife made supper. 4. She phoned me. I packed my suitcases. 5. We reached the station. The train left.V. Complete the following:e.g. By five o'clock yesterday...By five o'clock yesterday I had translated the article. 1 By the end of the month.... 2. ... by 1992. 3. ... by 6 o'clock. 4. By the beginning of the year... . 5. By 8 o'clock... . 6. By January ... . 7. ... by the end of the lesson.VI. Complete the situations:e.g. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired, (he/study/hard/all day)He had been studying hard all day.1. When I entered the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. Somebody (smoke). 2. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie in95the sun/too long) 3. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired, (they/play) 4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she/dream) 5. The streets were wet. (it/rain)VU. Make your own sentences for these situations:e.g. It was 3 o'clock when Jill went out to look for her sonand 6 o'clock when she found him.Jill had been looking for her son for 3 hours before she foundhim.1. Roger Morgan got his first job in the film industry when he was 20 He made his first film when he was 25. 2. Roy started studying for his doctorate when he was 25. He got it when he was 30. 3. Mary started in the shop when she was 19. When she was 29 she became the manageress. 4. Miss Roach began her driving lessons in January 1992. She didn't pass her test until January 1993. 5. She started the composition at 8 in the evening. She gave it up at midnight and went to bed. 6. Roger went to the bus — stop at 7. It was 7.30 when the bus came. 7. You ordered the meal at 2, and the waiter brought it at 3. 8. They went for a walk in the park at 11. It was 12 when it began to rain. 9. Peter and I arranged to meet at 6 but he came only at 6.30.10. The programme was interesting. I started to watch TV at 9 when the telephone rang at 10.VIII. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) or Past Continuous (I was doing):1. Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He (run).2. I tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He (run/very fast).3. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (look/for his cigarette lighter). 4. We (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes, when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift 5. When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They (eat). 6. When I arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because she (wait) for a long time.IX. Use either Simple Past or Past Perfect.1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed. 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed. 3. I had been looking for my textbook for an hour when at last I (find) it in the laboratory. 4. Mary looked happy. She said she (find) her ring. 5. Julia (not, finish) work when Jim got to the office. 6. I (finish) my homework at 6 and went out for a96walk. 7. Jane (wash) the dishes, dried them and put them into the cupboard. 8. Tom called me this afternoon and invited me to go out for a walk, but I couldn't as I (not, wash) the windows yet.Fluency/. Listen to the texts. Ask and answer questions on the texts. Retell them.An Amusing ExperienceI had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town when the young man said very slowly: "Do you speak English?" As I soon learnt he was English himself.He Often Does ThisAfter I had had lunch at a village inn I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there. As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. "Did you have a good meal?" he asked. "Yes, thank you," I answered, "but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag." The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and ga\e it back to me "I'm very sorry." he said. "My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this."A Busy Day

Steve was very busy at the office today At 10.15 he had already made eleven phone calls. By 11.15 he had written three separate reports on an accident, a hold-up, and a bomb-scare. At 12 o'clock he arrived at Heathrow Airport — the week before, he had arranged an interview with a British Airways representative. Unfortunately, the man was late. Steve was hungry, but he couldn't go to lunch until he had interviewed the representative, so he only had a cheese sandwich. The representative finally arrived at 12.45. He had just come from an important meeting. The interview lasted till 1.30 and at 2.15 Steve had another appointment in97town. At 3 o'clock he still hadn't had any lunch, so he bought another cheese sandwich. He finally finisned work at 6.30, tired and hungry. He was looking forward to a good meal at home, but when he arrived home, Jill had gone out. There was a note for him on the kitchen table: "Gone out. Cheese sandwiches in the fridge".Readers' LettersHave you ever had an embarrassing experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences. We received hundreds of letters! Here is a selection.A Smart TeacherMy most embarrassing experience happened when -I had just left the university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm-clock didn't ring... . I had forgotten to wind it up. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, shaved, dressed, jumped into my car and drove to school. When I arrived the students had already gone into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn't understand why. Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!Hand in HandThe most embarrassing experience I've ever had happened two years ago. My wife and I had driven into town to do some shopping. The streets were very busy and we were holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some radios in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife's hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn't taken my wife's hand, I'd taken the hand of a complete stranger!A Parking ProblemMy husband and I had decided to buy a new house, and I'd made an appointment to see our bank manager. I'd never met him before and I was a bit nervous. I drove into town and I was lucky enough to find a parking place outside the bank. I'd just started reversing into the space when another car drove into it. 1 was furious! I opened my window and shouted at the other98driver. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minutes to find another space. As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my interview. I went-to the manager's office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind the desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!Everything Except the WeatherMy old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Herbert's HomecomingHerbert Marshall was a student at Cambridge, but his hometown was St Albans. It was August and the family had gone to the seaside. Herbert went to France for his holiday, but he ran out of money, and came home a week earlier than he had expected to.His train didn't get into St Albans until just before midnight. The last bus had gone, so he had to walk home. He let himself into the kitchen, and as he was feeling hot and sticky, he took off his shirt to have a wash.Suddenly he heard heavy footsteps running up the path. The back door burst open, and he found himself surrounded by policemen. They pushed him into the living-room next door, made him sit down, and began asking him questions."What's your name?""Where do you live?""What's in that case?""What are you doing here?""I live here", said Herbert. "I've been on holiday". But nobody listened to him. They just went on asking questions. Then suddenly one of the policemen said: "Watch him Frank — we'll go and search the house". They left one tall, very young policeman, to guard him.99"Can I put my shirt on?" asked Herbeit"No", said the policeman, "stay where you are".Then the others came back with an older man, a sergeant. He asked the same questions, but he listened to Herbert's

answers."I live here", said Herbert, "and I want to put my shirt on". The sergeant looked at him thoughtfully. "We'll soon settle this", he said.He went out and came back with a small, sandy-haired man wearing a shabby, brown dressing-gown. It was Herbert's next-door neighbour. He looked at Herbert intently through thick spectacles."Oh yes, Sergeant", he said, "That is Mr Marshall". Then he disappeared very quickly. The policemen all looked dreadfully disappointed. They were convinced that they had caught a burglar."Did he ring you up?" asked Herbert. The police sergeant nodded. "He saw a light and understood your family had all gone away to the seaside."When they'd all gone, Herbert made himself a cup of tea.What's Up?Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch. Suddenly they heard a voice behind them. "What's up? What's up?" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could. George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thievеs had already gone. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there. "What's up, George?" he called. "Nothing, Henry," George said and smiled. "Go back to sleep."Self checkЛ Use the proper tense forms:1. Deborah woke up with a terrible headache because she and Arthur (hold) a party the night before. 2 When Peter (go) along the street he (see) a friend of his whom he (not, meet) for a long time. 3. I (not, fall asleep) yet when I (hear) the sound of the bell. 4. I (speak) to the woman because I (think) I (meet) her somewhere before. 5. When we (get) to the station, we (find) that the 8 o'clock train already (leave) and we had to wait until the next train came in. While I (wait) I (read) a newspaper. 6. As soon100as they (go), 1 (go) straight to bed. 7. When I (get) back to the shop, they (sell) the book I wanted. 8. He (be) tired because he (work) in the garden all day. 9. First she (open) the parcel, and then she (read) the letter. 10. They (sit) there for more than an hour when the taxi finally (arrive). 11. They (leave) the room as soon as he (finish) speaking. 12. He quickly (forget) all he (learn) at school. 13. When we (come) to Harpole, the Smiths already (live) there for ten years. 14. He (tell) me that he (fish) in the river every weekend for the last two years but he never (catch) anything. 15. As soon as she (hear) the news, she (phone) her mother. 16. When he (look) around he (understand) that he (get off) at the wrong station. 17. Jack (do) his work by 8 o'clock. He (go) out into the street. The weather (be) fine. It (stop) snowing and the moon (shine) high in the sky. 18. Errol and his girlfriend, Judy, were very excited because Judy's father (manage) to get them two tickets for the football Cup Final at Wembley Stadium. They (catch) an early train to London and (spend) the morning looking round the shops. They (arrive) at Wembley at two o'clock and (join) the queue to get in. Imagine their horror at the turnstile when they (realise) they (leave) the tickets at home.//. Translate into English:1. Когда я пришел к Виктору, его не было дома. Он ушел на вокзал встречать своего приятеля. 2. Туристы ждали автобус очень долго, и когда он подошел, было уже очень поздно, и им уже никуда не хотелось ехать. 3. Когда я рассказал ему все, то он понял, что случилрсь. 4. Она посмотрела на часы. Было около 12. Она работала над докладом в течение 6 часов. 5. К концу июня я сдал все экзамены и был свободен. 6. В пятницу его не было на работе. Накануне он уехал в командировку. 7. Когда я позвонил Николаю, я узнал, что он уже 2 недели болеет. 8. Я работал на заводе до того, как поступил в институт. 9. Собрание еще не началось, когда мы пришли. 10. Когда я вернулся домой, дети уже спали. Жена сказала, что они спят с 9 часов. 11. Виктор сказал, что он заказал номер в гостинице «Украина». 12. Он жил три года за границей до того, как приехал в Минск.FUTURE PERFECT. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Illustrative Situations/. Study these example situations:I. Tom is a football fan and there is a football match on television this evening. The match begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. Ann101wants to come and see Tom this evening and wants to know whattime to come.Ann: Is it all right if I come at about 8,30?Tom: No, don't come then. I'll be watching the match on television.Ann: Oh. Well, what about 9.30?Tom: Yes, that'll be fine. The match will have finished by then.2. Bill Rawlings and all the other men in the factory have just had their last tea break. It is 2.30. They are all working again. They'll go on working and then, at 4 o'clock a whistle will blow and they will all stop. Most of them will run out immediately. A few will stay for a few minutes but the last one will be out before 4.10.

They will all work until 4. The last one will have left by 4.10.3. Lawrence Morrel, the writer, is trying to finish a story. He must get it in this evening's post. The post is collected at 5.30. "I'll go on writing until I finish this!" he says to himself. "I'll write until 5.30, but I must finish it by then. I hope I'll have finished it by then!"4. My father works at one of the city hospitals. By next month he will have been working there for 40 years.5. I'm writing a thesis. By the end of this year I'll have been writing it for 5 years.Practice/. Make sentences with Future Perfect:e.g.: Tom and Ann are going to the cinema. The film begins at 7.30 and it is already 7.20 and it will take them 20 minutes to get there. When they get there the film will have already started.1. Jim goes to bed at II o'clock. Tom is going to visit him at 11.30 this evening. When Tom arrives, Jim (go) to bed. 2. Dick is on holiday. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his holiday he (spend) all his money. 3. Mike came to Britain from the US nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years since he arrived. Next Monday he (be) in Britain exactly three years. 4. I know Janet Smith. By the end of the month I (know) her a whole year. 5. The train arrives at. 6. Peter thinks it arrives at 6.30. It is 6 o'clock now. Peter is on his way to the station to meet his mother. By the time he reaches the station his mother (get) off the train.//. Make one sentence with either "by" or "until" for each situation:e.g.: All the men in the factory are working. The whistle blows at 4. They will work until 4.102Sometimes the boss goes home at 5.30, but he never goes home later than six. He'll have gone home by 6. 1. Richard is watching a programme that ends at 9. He wants to go to bed then. 2. The latest possible time Richard can get up is 7.30. 3. That bus never leaves later than 8. 4. Old Mr Howard is reading a very good book in the library. It closes in a few minutes, at 9. 5. Mr Jackson is staying at a hotel. He will leave on Friday. 6. Some students are sitting in the language laboratory at the Institute. The lesson ends at 3 o'clock. 7. The professor sometimes comes at 9.15 and never later than 9.30. 8. It is the middle of the morning and Lawrence Morrel is writing. He always has lunch at 12. 9. Lawrence may finish today at 4, certainly not later than 4.30. 10. Lawrence is waiting for some money from his publisher. The publisher has told him that it will arrive not later than Tuesday.///. Answer the questions using the prompts:e.g. Have you been waiting for two hours? midday By midday I'll have been waiting for three hours. 1. Have you been learning English for three years? July 2. Have they been staying here for five weeks? Monday 3. Have you been living here for nineteen years? Christmas 4. Has he been playing tennis for three hours? tea time 5. Has she been studying in London for a year? next June 6. Has he been sleeping for eight hours? breakfast time 7. Have I been talking non-stop for an hour? seven o'clocke.g. Can you tell me what you want to do by Monday? decide No. 1 won't have decided by then.1. Can Sid bring the car back tomorrow? repair 2. Can they go to Spain on Tuesday? finish school 4. Shall we have breakfast at seven? wake up 5. Can we leave in ten minutes' time? eat 6. Shall I go to meet the plane at two o'clock? land 7. Can you let me know on Saturday? make up one's mindSelf check/. Use Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous:1. We (finish) this exercise by 8 o'clock. 2. We are late. The lesson (start) by now. 3. By the end of March he (live) here for three years. 4. Young Billy is growing up. By this time next year he (begin) school. 5. They will be tired when they get there. They (travel) all day. 6. She (have) lunch by the time we arrive. 7. They (build) the road by the end of the year. 8.1 (spend) all my money by tomorrow. 9. We (fly) for twelve hours by the time the plane lands. 10. The play (begin) before we reach the theatre. 11. Before103the end of the year they (complete) the project. 12. I (work) for this company non-stop for thirty years by the end of October.UNITS TOPIC: CINEMACOMMUNICATION: SUGGESTIONS. OPINIONS. LIKES, DISLIKES, PREFERENCES.TEXT. AN EVENING AT THE CINEMADavid Brown is a hard worker at school and his parents hope that he will do well in his examination in the summer, so that he can go up to University next October. He is determined to do his best. But he cannot work all the time, so once or twice a week, when he is tired of work, he goes out with his friend Bob Sandford. They usually go to the theatre or the cinema, but they sometimes go to a dance in Bishopton. They do not often go to a theatre or cinema in London as the cost of the journey and the higher price of seats in London make this too expensive. It is much cheaper in Bishopton.In England the cinema is usually called "the pictures". The American name, "the movies", is sometimes used. The first performance, or "showing" as it is called, begins about two o'clock in the afternoon, and the show goes on from then until about half past ten. The cinema is not emptied between the "showings", so that once you have paid for your seat you can stay in the cinema as long as you like. There are usually one main film, a shorter one, a news film, some advertisements and a "trailer" telling about the film for the next week.Cinemas in England are usually larger and more comfortable than the theatres. There is often a restaurant, so that it

is possible to spend a pleasant afternoon and evening there. Behind the cinema screen there is a stage, so that the building can be used for concerts and other performances.David and Bob enjoy historical films, films about countries very different from their own, crime stories and films that make them laugh. They also like to see foreign films, but it is not often possible to see these in Bishopton. When they were younger they enjoyed "cowboy" films, but now they are older they are not so easily satisfied. They do not enjoy these films so much because they find they are all very much alike. This week they saw a film of one of Shakespeare's plays. Some famous actors and actresses were in this film. David had seen the play with the same actors and actresses at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stradford-104on-Avon the previous summer, so it was interesting to see how the performance in the film was different from the performance on the stage.The film was very fine and exciting, but David th6ught it had lost something. There were so many people and places that you forgot the main characters and the really important things that were happening. Telling his father about the film when he got home, David said he thought he would remember the theatre performance he had seen at Stradford long after he had forgotten the film he had seen that evening.Comprehension/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:Does David study at school or at University? What does he like to do in his spare time? What is the English cinema like? What kind of films do David and Bob enjoy? What film did they see this week? What did David think of the film?// Read the text and analyse the language peculiarities of the text. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.Special Difficulties/. Study these example situations:a) Mrs Mavis saw a film yesterday. In the final scene a beautiful girl died in a handsome man's arms. Mrs Mavis cried.The film made her cry.b) Young David did not want to do his homework yesterday. His mother told him he must do it before he went out to play.His mother made him do his homework.c) Two months ago when Peter flew back from Canada, there was a very pretty girl on the same plane. When Peter went through Customs they made him open his case. They made him take everything out. They did not make the girl do these things. They let her go through without any trouble.//. Make up dialogues using the prompts:e.g. A: He told Ann, I hope.B: Yes, I made him tell her.He ... I hope.1. apologized 2. paid the bill 3. wrote to the Smiths 4. cleaned the bath 5. took his medicine 6. reported the accident 7. waited for Ann 8. rang his parents 9. answered the letter 10. cleaned his shoes 11. insured his house 12. did his exercises 13. put on his gloves.105

///. Make your own sentences with either "make someone do" or "let someone do" for each situation, like this:e.g. The photographer made funny faces at the little girl.Finally she laughed.He made her laugh, e.g. David wanted to go out. His mother said he could.She let him go out.1. There was an accident and a lot of people stopped to look. A policeman shouted "Move on" and they did. 2. Jane wanted to go home early one day. Her boss said it was all right. 3. David wanted to stay up late on Saturday. His mother said he could. 4. He wanted to do the same on Sunday. "No, go to bed" his mother said, and he did. 5. Jill's father said some very sarcastic things to her. She cried. 6. A student wanted to criticise a teacher's methods. The teacher did not stop him. 7. Grey is not a colour that suits Jane. She looks pale in it. 8. The comedian was very funny. The audience laughed.IV. Make up sentences with the word combination "to be tired of smth.":e.g. I/cyclingI'm tired of cycling1. They/travelling 2. She/her thesis 3. I/swimming 4. The actors/rehearsals 5. The children/skating 6. He/gardening 7. She/ this hard workV. Translate into English (self check)-1. He заставляй ее так много работать. Она устала от этой работы. 2. Я заставила машинистку перепечатать письмо, так как в нем было много ошибок. 3. Зачем ты заставил его идти туда так поздно? 4. Я сделаю все возможное, чтобы помочь ей.5. Фильм очень отличается от книги. Он гораздо интереснее.6. Она гордится своим сыном. Он очень трудолюбивый и хорошо успевает в школе.

Text Exercises/. Ask questions about:a) David's pastime b) cinemas in England c) David's and Bob's likes and dislikes as far as films are concerned d) the film David and Bob saw last.//. Speak on:• a) cinemas in England; b) the boys' visit to the cinema.106 Conversation PracticeSuggestionsa) How to ask for a suggestion:

What shall we would you like to do you want to do tonight?

b) How to make a suggestion:What (how) about Do you feel likeShall weLet'sWhy don't weWhy notWould you like togoing to the pictures'spend the weekend in Brighton (?)c) How to accept a suggestion:Yes,

good idea.that's a marvellous idea, that would be nice, that seems all right.d) How to half-accept a suggestionwe could,Yes, that's a good idea, I suppose, but (there aren't any it's not a bad idea, good films on at themoment).e) How to reject a suggestion:No,Well,I'm afraid I can't.I'm sorry I can't.I don't really feel like (going to the pictures).I'd rather not, if you don't mind.f) How to make a counter-suggestion:Well,I'd rather I'd prefer togo to the pictures (pub)if you don't mind.107. . Conversation ISally: Do you feel like doing anything tomorrow evening, Peter?Peter: Yes, all right. What do you suggest?Sally: How about going to see "Star Wars"5 It's on locally and they say it's very good.Peter: Well, we could, I suppose, but I don't really like science-fiction films all that much. Of course, if you'd like to see it...Sally: No, no... I don't mind. It was just a suggestion, that's all.Peter: We could always go to Dave's party, 1 suppose.Sally: Dave?Peter: Yes, Dave Wilkins. You know-that chap who works for the B.B.C. He's having a house-warming party. Everyone's invited.Sally: No, I don't think so somehow! You know what Dave's parties are like. I still haven't recovered from the last one we went to.Peter: Well, it was only an idea.Sally: No I'd prefer to go somewhere else, if you don't mind. Just the two of us.Peter: Would you like to go out for a meal, then? We could go to that super restaurant in Chelsea. Brian told me the food was really great.Sally: Yes, that would be nice. Let's do that. And why don't we call in on Bob and Sue on the way home? We've been promising to go and see them for ages.Peter: Yes, good idea./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are Sally and Peter discussing? What does Sally suggest? Does Peter feel like seeing "Star Wars?" What idea

does Peter suggest? Does Sally like it? What do they agree upon?//. Listen to the conversation again. Imitate the phrases expressing suggestions and replies to suggestions.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Что ты предлагаешь? Как насчет того, чтобы сходить посмотреть фильм "Война миров"? Говорят, что это интересный фильм. Я не возражаю. Давай так и сделаем. Я бы предпочла сходить куда-нибудь еще. Это было бы прекрасно. Почему бы не зайти к Бобу и Сью по пути домой? Не хочешь ли ты пойти пообедать''1 Хорошая мысль (идея). Мы могли бы, я полагаю. У него новоселье . Мы могли бы сходить в тот великолепный ресторанв Челси- 108IV. Read the conversation. Paraphrase the conversational formulas expressing suggestions and replies to suggestions.V. Ask questions on the conversation.VI. Role-play the conversation.Conversation 2Alex: What shall we do tonight?Bob: Why don't we go to the cinema?Alex: Well, we could, I suppose, but there aren't really any good films on at the moment.Bob: Well, what do you suggest-then?Alex: How about going out for a meal?Bob: No, I don't feel like eating anything.Alex: All right. And what about going to the pub then?Bob: Well, I'd rather go dancing, if you don't mind.Alex: That's O. K. by rne. And why not go to a restaurant afterwards?Bob: Yes, that's a marvellous idea./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are the boys talking about? Why doesn't Alex want to go to the cinema? Does Bob feel like going out for a meal? Where do they agree to go?//. Listen to the conversation again and reproduce the conversational formulas used to make suggestions and replies to suggestions.III. Respond to the following suggestions using the phrases from the conversation:1. What shall we do tonight? 2. And why not go to a restaurant afterwards? 3. And what about going to the pub then? 4. How about going out for a meal? 5. Why don't we go to the cinema?IV. Role-play the conversation.V. Accept the suggestions:1. What about going to Spain? 2. Why not go to the pub? 3. I suggest we go and see her at Easter. 4. Why don't we ask our English teacher? 5. Let's go for a walk. 6. Shall we visit the art exhibition on Sunday? 7. How about going out of town on Saturday? 8. Why don't we play cards? 9. How about a nice curry? 10. Let's go and stay with my sister in Brighton. 11. Would you like to join us?10912. Do you feel like going to the theatre? 13. Why don't we have a party on Saturday? 14. How about travelling by ship?VI. Reject the suggestions. Give reasons for your refusal1. Do you feel like watching the film? 2. Let's visit the Smiths 3. What about having a snack? 4. Would you like to go on a picnic for the weekend? 5. What about going for a walk? 6. Why don't we dine out tonight? 7. How about playing a game of chess? 8. Why not go to Bulgaria this summer? 9. Shall we go skiing tomorrow?VII. Make counter-suggestions to the following:1. Why not spend the weekend in the country? 2. Shall we play a game of tennis? 3. Would you like to go fishing tomorrow? 4. Let's send her a letter. 5. Why not stay at a hotel? 6. Let's have a steak. 7. Do you feel like travelling by sea? 8. Why don't we go out on Saturday? 9. How about watching "Coronation Street" tonight?VIII. Suggest to your friend:going to the pictures; spending the weekend in the country; having a swim; playing cards; going shopping; starting at 6 a. m.; going by air; ordering a steak.Your friend will accept or turn down the suggestion.IX. Learn the dialogues. Make up similar dialogues.1. — Why don't we go for a drive in the country?— That would be nice. Thank you.— I'll pick you up about 7.30.2. — What about playing a game of tennis?— It's nice of you to ask, but I don't feel like playing tennis.— Well, how about coming to see Tony?— No, honestly I can't afford the time.3. — Let's go ice-skating.— No, I'm really not in the mood for it this evening.— Then, why don't we just go out for a coffee?

— No, really. I've promised myself an early night.4. — Do you feel like going to the theatre tonight?— No, I'd prefer to go somewhere else, if you don't mind.5. — Why don't you call me up at the office at 7?— Well, I'd rather pick you up at 7.30.— That's settled.6. — Shall we play a game of billiards?— All right.7. — Why not go to the forest on Sunday?— That's not a bad idea, but I'm afraid I'll be busy on Sunday.110Conversation 3John: Would you like to get together this weekend?Peter: Sure. What would you like to do?John: Well, how about seeing a movie?Peter: That sounds good. Did you have any particular movie in mind?John: Well, they say "A Man and his Horse" is very good. It's playing at the Rialto Theatre.Peter: "A Man and his Horse?" That's a western, isn't it?John: I think so.Peter: Well, to tell the truth, I don't like westerns very much.John: Oh, well, is there any particular movie you'd like to see?Peter: How about "The Return of the Monster?" It's playing at the Shopping Mall Cinema, and I hear it's excellent.John: "Return of the Monster?" Hmm .. Isn't that a science-fiction movie?Peter: Yes, don't you like science-fiction movies?John: No, not really. Maybe we shouldn't see a movie. Maybe we should do something else.Peter: Okay. Would you be interested in doing something outdoors?John: Sure. Any suggestions?Peter: Well, we could go ice skating.John: Oh, I'm afraid I don't really enjoy going ice skating. How about going hiking?Peter: Well, to tell the truth, I've gone hiking several times in the past few weeks.John: Really? Then I guess you must be pretty tired of hiking.Peter: I am. Let's do something else.John: Why don't we just have dinner together somewhere this Saturday?Peter: That sounds like a good idea. Where would you like to go?John: Well, one of my favourite places to eat is "The Captain Table."Peter: Hmm. "The Captain Table?" What kind of food do they serve there?John: Seafood. But if you don't like seafood we could go someplace else.Peter: No. On the contrary. I love seafood.John: You do? Great.Peter: Then it's settled. "The Captain Table" for dinner on Saturday. What time?John: How about 7 o'clock?Peter: Is 8 okay?John: Fine.Ill/. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are John and Peter talking about? What does John suggest? Does Peter feel like seeing "A Man and his Horse"? Does John like science-fiction movies? John enjoys ice skating, doesn't he? Why doesn't Peter feel like going hiking? Where do the two friends agree to go?//. Listen to the conversation again. Reproduce the phrases expressing suggestions and replies to suggestions.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Как насчет длительной пешей прогулки? Тогда решено. Конечно. Наоборот. Почему бы нам просто не пообедать где-нибудь в это воскресенье? Куда бы ты хотел пойти? Возможно, нам не следует смотреть фильм. Я слышал, это отличный фильм. Ты имел какой-то конкретный фильм в виду? Разве ты не любишь научно-фантастические фильмы? Какие-нибудь предложения? Ты, должно быть, устал от прогулок. Это кажется хорошей идеей. Какого рода пищу там подают? Мы могли бы пойти куда-нибудь еще. По правде говоря.IV. Ask questions on the conversation.V. Role-play the conversation.VI. Act out the following situations:\. Your friend and you are planning how to spend the evening.2. An interesting film is on at your local cinema. You suggest to your friend seeing it. Your friend asks you some questions about the film and makes up his (her) mind to see it. You arrange about the tickets and agree to meet outside the cinema at 6 o'clock.

Likes, Dislikes and Preferencesa) How to express likes:I (quite)I'm (very)likeenjoylovefond of keen onfootball.music, jogging.b) How to agree or disagree with a person's likes:Agreeing: Disagreeing:So do I. So am I.I don't I'm not.c) How to express dislikes: don't like dislike

I hate loud music.

can't stand people who smoke. can't bear

d) How to agree or disagree with a person's dislikes: Neither do I.

Agreeing: So do I. Neither can I. I do. Disagreeing: I don't. I can.

e) How to express preferences:112Conversation 4Susan: Guess what? They're showing "China Seas" with ClarkGable on TV tonight. Lucy: Are they really? Oh, I must watch that. If there's one actorI love watching it's Clark Gable. Susan: Yes, so do I, especially when he's playing opposite JeanHarlow.Lucy: Jean Harlow? Oh, I can't stand her! Susan: Can't you? But why not?Lucy: I don't know. I just don't like the way she acts, that's all. Susan: But she was a very good actress! Lucy: You must be joking! Susan: No, I'm not. I really like the way she acts. Anyway, I'd113much rather watch "China Seas" than the opera on В. В. С2 "La Traviata". Lucy: You are not serious, are you? You really mean to say thatyou'd prefer to watch "China Seas"? Susan: Yes, any day. Lucy: Well ... if that's the sort of film you enjoy watching, thenall I can say is that I don't think very much of your taste!I shall watch the opera!/. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: What are they showing on TV tonight? What do the girls think ofClark Gable? Do they both think much of Jean Harlow's acting?What programmes are the girls going to watch tonight?//. Listen to the conversation again. Imitate the phrases expressing likes, dislikes and preferences.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following: Мне действительно нравится, как она играет. Я невысокогомнения о твоем вкусе. Ты, наверно, шутишь. Я не могу ее терпеть. Если такого рода фильм тебе нравится... Мне просто не нравится, как она играет. Я бы предпочла посмотреть фильм.IV. Role-play the conversation.V. Express your agreement or disagreement with your friend's likes.1. I like detectives. 2 I enjoyed the opera. 3. I'm keen on jazz. 4. I'm fond of folk songs. 5. I love football. 6. I liked sweets when I was a girl. 7. I enjoy classical music. 8. I'm keen on fishing. 9. I like jogging. 10. I'm fond of figure-skating. 11. I liked the film very much. 12. I'm fond of science-fiction.VI. Express your agreement or disagreement with your friend's dislikes.1. I hate football. 2. I can't stand loud music. 3. I dislike the way she dances. 4. I can't bear Indian films. 5. I don't like opera. 6. I hate shopping. 7. I dislike the songs he sings. 8. I didn't enjoy the ballet. 9. I don't like coffee with milk. 10.1 hate being late. 11. 1 can't bear him.

VII. Work in pairs. A expresses his/her preferences, using the words below. В agrees or disagrees accordingly.1. watch TV or listen to the radio 2. go to bed early or late 3. read detective stories or science fiction 4. large cars or small cars 5. tomato juice or orange juice 6. receive letters or write let-114ters 7. tea or coffee 8. travel by air or sea 9. cabbage soup or chicken soup 10. sunbathe or swimVIII. Respond to the following suggestions expressing preferences.1. Shall we go to the cinema? 2. What about seeing a detective? 3. Let's go to the theatre tonight. 4. Why don't we play a game of tennis) 5. Would you like to go to a concert? 6. Why not go abroad for our holidays? 7. Do you feel like going for a walk? 8. Why don't we have dinner at this cafeteria? 9. Let's go fishing on Sunday.IX. Ask your friend about his likes as far as sport is concerned.X. Situation: Your friend and you are speaking about your likes and dislikes as far as entertainments are concerned.Opinions. Agreement and Disagreementa) How to ask for an opinion:What do you think of/about What's your opinion of How do you findBritish television?b) How to give an opinion:I thinkI believe there is too much violence on the screen today.In my opinionc) How to agree with an opinion:I (quite) agree (with you)You are (quite) right.(Yes), he does (did, was, will, etc.)(No), he doesn't (isn't, didn't, etc )I think so too.d) How to disagree with an opinion:I don't (quite) agree (with you) I disagree. I don't think so.No, I don't (didn't, wasn't, etc ) That's not my opinion. That's your opinion, not mine115Conversation 5Peter: Jack, you've seen "Siar Wars", haven't you?Jack: Yes, that's rightPeter: What do you think of it'Jack: Well, I was a bit disappointed, really. I didn't think it wasa particularly good film at all. Peter: Oh, I disagree, Jack. I thought it was great. It's one of thebest films I've ever seen. I enjoyed every minute of it. Jack: I think it was pretty boring. Peter: I really can't agree with you there, Jack. I don't see howyou can say it was boring. It was full of excitement. Jack: In my opinion, it wasn't. I was bored ... mainly bacauseI was expecting so much more to happen, I suppose. Peter: Oh, come on! A lot happened! It's really exciting. You are thefirst person I've met who hasn't enjoyed the film. Jack: Tastes differ, you know./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are the boys talking about? What does Peter think of the film "Star Wars"? What is Jack's opinion?//. Listen to the conversation again Imitate the phrases expressing opinions, agreement and disagreement.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Я полагаю, о вкусах не спорят. Я не согласен. Я полагаю, он очень скучный. Я скучал (мне было скучно). По моему мнению... Что ты думаешь об этом фильме? Я был немного разочарован. Это один из лучших фильмов, которые я когда-либо видел. Потому что я ожидал большего. Фильм действительно захва-тывающий.IV. Role-play the conversation.e.gV Express agreement: — He isn't here (hasn't come, won't do it, etc.).- No, he isn't (hasn't, won't). e.g. — He is here (has come, etc.). — Yes, he is (has, etc.).1. The film is pretty boring. 2. Dick doesn't like ballet. 3. Kate is fond of musicals. 4. Betsy doesn't like detectives. 5. Tom is fond of football. 6. Television is the greatest invention of the twentieth century. 7. The films of this producer are always a great success. 8. They didn't enjoy the performance. 9. The play is really exciting.11610 His acting is marvellous 11. The costumes *ere perfect. 12. You didn't like the first act, did you?VI Express disagreement:e.g. — You didn't enjoy the film, did you5

— Yes, I did. I enjoyed every minute of it. e.g. — You liked the acting, didn't you?— No, I didn't.1. You didn't enjoy the book, did you? 2. You are keen on theatre, aren't you? 3. The scenery is good. 6. Your friend likes dancing, doesn't she? 7. The play was exciting. 8. You didn't book the tickets, did you? 9. He is fond of

detectives, isn't he? Ю. Mary doesn't like opera, does she? 11. Lucy doesn't enjoy science fiction films, does she? 12. The play was a success.VII. Agree or disagree with an opinion using one of the following conversational formulas: I (quite) agree with vou You are right. I think so. I don't (quite) agree with you. 1 disagree. I don't think so. That's not my opinion. That's your opinion, not mine.1. American films are awful. 2. Women are less intelligent than men. 3. English is a very difficult language to learn. 4. The taxes are too high. 5. Parents should have to pay for their children's education. 6. There's too much discussion about women's rights today. 7. We need more nuclear power stations. 8, Indian films are exciting. 9. The climate here is pleasant. 10. Jogging is useful for health.VIII. Ask questions to which the following may serve as responses:1. It was a success. 2. It was a failure. 3. I had a good lime. 4 On the whole I liked it. 5. Not bad at all. 6. It is marvellous. 7. I've never seen anything like that before. 8. In my opinion it's a little boring 9 I \\ as a bit disappointed.IX. Your friend and you are discussing the film you've just seen. You liked everything about the film and you enjoyed the acting. Your friend has a different opinion of the film.Conversation 6Mr Alden: Shall we see a film this evening?Miss Brown: That would be delightful. 1 haven't seen a film inmany weeks. Mr Alden: There are several cinemas in my neighbourhoodwhich show the latest pictures. Miss Brown: Let's consult the newspaper to see what films theyare showing in town.117Mr Alden;. . That's a splendid idea.-1 believe Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream" is on at one of the ci-nemas tonight. I've heard it is one of the best pictures of the year.Miss Brown: My sister and I have already seen it. We enjoyed it very much.Mr Alden: The Casino may have a good programme. They are showing two main pictures, a French film and an American. I hope you haven't seen them.Miss Brown: I haven't seen either of them.Mr Alden: Do you think we shall be able to obtain seats? Shall we buy balcony seats if we can get them?Miss Brown: Please, don't. I do not enjoy seeing a film from the balcony. It is too far from the screen. It strains my eyes to see a picture from such a distance.Mr Alden: The picture starts in fifteen minutes. The foyer has many comfortable seats. We can wait there and enjoy a cigarette in the meantime. There will be many vacant seats after the picture ends.(After the film)Miss Brown: I certainly enjoyed both pictures. In the French film the actors spoke English with a slight French accent. The French villages shown were very picturesque. The acting was faultless, but I think the plot was a little weak.Mr Alden: I am so glad that you enjoyed both pictures. I think the American plot was very clever. The diction, too, was excellent. Miss Brown: 1 always like the news-reel. It brings world eventsin vivid form and leaves a lasting memory. Mr Alden: I had a very lovely evening. 1 hope to have the pleasure of hearing an opera with you in the near future. Miss Brown: Thank you for a pleasant evening. Good night,Mr Alden./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: What are Mr Alden and Miss Brown talking about3 What film is on in one of the cinemas in town? Miss Brown hasn't seen it yet, has she^ What is the Casino showing? Does Miss Brown like seats in the balcony? How did Miss Brown find the programme at the Casino? What did Mr Alden think of the American plot? Where is Mr Alden going to invite Miss Brown in the near future?//. Give a brief account of the conversation.118///. Find in the text apprdpriate English phrases for the following:Думаете, мы сможем достать билеты? Посмотрим фильм сегодня вечером? Я не люблю смотреть фильм с балкона. Фильм начинается через пятнадцать минут. Это было бы восхитительно Я полагаю, «Сон в летнюю ночь» Шекспира идет в одном из кинотеатров сегодня вечером Мне, конечно, понравились оба фильма. Будет много свободных мест после того, как фильм закончится. Я слышал, что это один из лучших фильмов года. Я не видела ни одного из них.IV. Ask questions on the conversation. V Role-play the conversation.VI. Situation: You think your life is rather monotonous. All work and no play. You invite your friend to see a new film in the October cinema. Your friend willingly joins you. After the film you share your impressions.Listening A Visit to the CinemaFiona and I went to the cinema the other day to see "Devil" at the Odeon. The review by the Daily Express critic was good, and we decided to go to the 8 o'clock performance. When I arrived Fiona was waiting for me in the foyer, looking at a poster for "Devil" on the wall. The usherette took our tickets and showed us to our seats. I don't like to be close to the screen and I usually sit in the back row if possible, and I prefer a seat in the aisle so that I can stretch my legs. Before the main film there was a Mickey Mouse Cartoon, then a trailer for the following week's film.

"Devil" was a horror film and I was quite terrified, but Fiona thought it was funny.A Film ReviewMarlon Brando is a superb actor and in the "On the Waterfront" he gave his finest performance. It is his best-known role. The cast also included Eva Marie Saint and Karl Maiden and the film's director, Elia Kazan, never made a better film. Parts of the film were shot in the studio in Hollywood, but a lot was made on location in the streets of New York, which makes it at times like a documentary. The critics loved the film but it was not only a critical success. It was a great box office success as well arid made an119enormous profit. The plot is about a young man's attempt to be a boxing champion.A Funny FilmMary likes the cinema very much. She has no lessons and no homework on Saturdays, so she always goes to the cinema that afternoon. She prefers funny films, but often she sees other kinds of films. She usually goes with some of her school-friends, and they all sit together and eat nuts and ice-cream and laugh when something funny happens. They are always very happy at the cinema.Last Saturday Mary saw a film about a funny man. His name was Percy. Percy was fat and had a big, black moustache. He went out one night to play cards with his friends when his wife was asleep. When he was going home at midnight, a dog ran after him and tore his trouser pocket, so Percy lost his key. He tried to climb up a ladder to get into his house through a window, but he slipper down the ladder and made a terrible noise. His wife woke up and cried, "Help! Thieves!" Someone telephoned the police and a truck full of policemen arrived. Percy ran away, but he slipped and fell into the mud at the side of the river. Mary and her friends laugher' a lot.Self check/. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:The other day I made up my mind to go ... the pictures to see a detective. According ... the newspaper reviews the film promisei to be interesting. I know that my cousin Jack is keen ... detectives so yesterday evening I rang him up and invited him to come ... me He accepted my invitation willingly. We agreed to meet ... the cine ma ... 6.30. When 1 arrived ... the cinema I found Jack waiting me. There were many people ... the box-office and we had to stand ... the queue ... about 20 minutes. We were lucky to ge' tickets ... the 7 o'clock show.//. Translate into English:— Что ты сегодня вечером делаешь?— Ничего особенного, а что?— Ты не хочешь сходить в кино?— Неплохая мысль. Я уже несколько недель не был в кино— В кинотеатре «Москва» идет «Унесенные ветром» по ро ману Митчел.120— Мой друг уже видел его. Он говорит, что это замечательный фильм. Конечно, мы не должны пропустить его.— Тогда я куплю два билета на восьмичасовой сеанс. Тебя устраивает это время?— Да, спасибо. А где мы встретимся?-— Давай встретимся у меня в 6 часов.— Хорошо. До скорой встречи.Fluency/. Answer the following questions:Are you a keen cinema-goer? How often do you go to the cinema? Which of the Minsk cinemas do you like best? Why? Which do you prefer: to see a film on television or on the screen in the regular cinema? Why? What kind of films do you prefer? Have you seen any interesting films lately? When did you last go to the pictures? What film did you see? What is the film about? Who starred in it? Did you like the acting? Did you enjoy the film? Which film impressed you greatly? Why? Who do you think is the best film director in our country? Which of his (her) films did you like best? Who is your favourite actor? Are you fond of French films? Have you seen any French films this month? What do you think of Hollywood films? What is on at the cinema now? Are you going to the cinema this week? What are you going to see? Have you read any reviews on the film? Which do you prefer: cinema or theatre? Why? Do you like to watch TV? What programme do you prefer?//. Speak on: •a) your last visit to the cinemab) the film you liked bestc) your favourite actor (film director)///. Act out the following situations:1. In fact you don't often go out in the evening. As a rule you stay at home and watch television. You are fond of it. So is your friend. At the moment you are discussing your favourite TV programmes.2. Once in a long while you have made up your mind to go to the cinema. There are several films on. Certainly you want to see a good one. Your friend is a keen cinema-goer, so he is just the man to ask which film to see.WritingHere is part of a letter in which you write about a film you have seen recently.

Jim and I went to see "Gone with the Wind" last Tuesday evening. It was on at the Odeon. We enjoyed it very much. It's, an old film but the cinema was full. (I always enjoy seeing old films — don't you? — and this is a very good one.) Vivien Leigh is so beautiful as Scarlett O'Hara. She was a wonderful actress. And Clark Gable is so good as Rhett Butler. He was a wonderful actor. I enjoyed the film when I first saw it twenty-two years ago and I enjoyed it again last night. You must see it.Write a paragraph in the same way to suit an old or a modern film you have just seen.U N I T 9GRAMMAR: OBJECT CLAUSES. REPORTED SPEECH. SEQUENCE OF TENSESIllustrative SituationsI think (that)he speaks English.they are playing chessnow.he came on time.she was skating at 6.they have seen this film.she has been waiting long.he will phone me tonight.they will be leaving soon.he'll have done the workby 7.Simple Present Present ContinuousSimple Past Past Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Cont Simple Future Future Continuous Future PerfectOther introductory phrases often used in the principal clause: I believe, I suppose, I know, I hope, I am sure, I am afraid, I see, I remember, I understand, He says, She has told us, He will say, etc.he knows French.she is still typing.he was at the cinema yesterday.1 wonder if you were watching TV last night,(whether) they have seen him.he has been working hard.he will be at home at 10.she will be leaving tonight.Other Introductory phrases often used in the principal clause I'd like to know, I don't know, I'm not sure, She doesn't understand, I've no idea; He doesn't remember, I can't tell you, She asks, He wonders, He has asked, She will ask, etc.122 where she lives'? what they are doing now? when he was in London last?Can you tell me what he was doing at 5 yesterday?how long she has been here? since when she has been waiting for me? how he will get there? where they will be travelling?Other introductory phrases often used in the principal clause: Do you know, Do you understand, Does she remember, Will you ask him, Has he told you, etc.whose book it is.who is playing the piano.when she saw Peter last.Tell me what Dick was doing at 7.Ask her if Jane has brought the records.how long she has been typing.if they will come.what they will be doing at 9.Practice/. Ask about another person. Begin your questions with: I wonder, I'd like to know, I want to know:e.g. — Kate is a student.— I wonder whether Mary is a student, too.1. Peter doesn't play chess. 2. Alec has seen ihis film. 3. Lucy speaks French. 4. Dick went fishing on Sunday. 5. Jane won't take part in the expedition. 6. Steve is not keen on pop music. 7. Roger has a car. 8. Frank speaks Italian. 9. Paul will join us. 10. I have a boat. 11. Susan is fond of theatre. 12. Mike says Betty has come. 13. Victor will go abroad next month.//. Ask for additional information: e-g. — Robert has left for Moscow, (why)— I wonder why Robert has left for Moscow.1 Lucy dines at 2. (where) 2. Jane has brought some dictionaries, (what dictionaries) 3. He doesn't want to corne. (why) 4. We've got a lot of time, (how much) 5. He receives many newspapers, (what newspapers) 6. Betty saw Alec not long ago. (when)e-g- — Steve is a journalist, (his wife)— Do you know if his wife is also a journalist?1231. Victor works at a plant. ,(Mike) 2. Mr Brown is at home (his son) 3. There is a cinema in the street, (a theatre)

4. They rest at the seaside, (the Blacks) 5. Mr Smith stayed at a hotel. (Mr Morgan)e.g. — She has lunch at 12. (where)— Do you know where she has lunch? 1. She doesn't like him. (why) 2. They'll leave soon, (when)3. Somebody has booked the tickets, (who) 4. She was late. (wh\ >5. They will be resting in June, (where)///. Make up complex sentences using the given phrases:e.g. Helen knows English well. (I'm sure) I'm sure Helen knows English well.1. She has missed the train. (I'm afraid) 2. They took a bus in King street. (They say) 3. She goes to work by Metro. (I know)4. Where has Tom gone? (Do you know...?) 5. What's the time? (I wonder) 6. She has lost her way. (I'm afraid) 7. Where did you park your car? (Can't you remember...?) 8. She will go shopping tomorrow. (I suppose) 9. They won't be late. (I hope)10. Why was Mary absent on Monday? (Do you know...?)11. Why didn't Ann come to the party? (I don't know) 12. Where does Jack live? (Have you any idea..?) 13. She has been waiting for an hour. (She says) 14. When did they arrive? (Do you know...?) 15. Where does she work? (I've no idea) 16. What qualifications do I need? (I want to know) 17. Where can I change some money-1 (Could you tell me...?) 18. What does this word mean? (Do you know...?) 19. Why didn't he phone us? (I wonder) 20. I was watching TV at 10. (I remember)IV. Ask for additional information:e.g. — Mary says Alec will come soon, (when)— Ask her when he will come.1. Dick says he has bought some interesting books, (wha books) 2. She says she won't join us. (why) 3. He says she г having dinner now. (where) 4. He says he was late. (win 5. She says they were at the theatre, (when)V. Respond to the following questions:e.g. — Is she bored?— I don't know. You ask her if she's bored.1. Has she got any brothers? 2. Can she driv e? 3. Does she spea Spanish? 4. Does she like watching television? 5. Did she go out la night? 6. Has she ever met the Queen? 7. Will she be at school t< morrow? 8. Where did he buy his watch? 9. Who did he speak to la-night? 10. What has she done today? 11. How many children ha>.124 »they got? '2. Why must he go to the police station? 13. How old is hе? 14. How much did she pay for her car?VI. Ask for additional information. Begin your questions with: Do you know...? Can you tell me...? Do you remember...?eg _ Victor studies at school.— Do you know at what school he studies?1. Jack didn't come to the party. 2. My brother was at the cinema yesterday. 3. My friend is going abroad soon. 4. My husband left for Kiev yesterday. 5. Mike has brought some records. 6. Helen missed the lecture on Saturday. 7. I saw Peter not long ago.VII. Say that you don't know the answer to the questions you are asked. Begin your answers with: I've no idea..., I can't tell you..., I don't know ..., I don't remember..., I'm not sure...:e.g. — Where does Dick live?— I've no idea where he lives.1. Why didn't he come? 2. Which English word has most meanings? 3. Is that a cactus or what? 4. Where did ycu rest in 1986? 5. Will Steve come to the party? 6. Who wrote the story "Three at Table"? 7. Where is Mary? 8. What games does your friend prefer? VIII. Respond to the following questions:e.g. "What's that girl's name?" "I don't know." "Ask her." All right. I'll ask her what her name is. 1. "Where does she come from?" "I don't know". "Ask her."2. "What are those boys doing?" "I don't know " "Ask them."3. "Why are they still in the classroom?" "I don't know." "Ask them." 4. "How do you spell "receive"?" "I don't know". "Ask the teacher". 5. "Where did John get that car from?" "I don't know." "Ask him". 6. "How much did it cost?" "I don't know." "Ask him". 7. "When will the party end?" "1 don't know." "Ask Charles."IX. Complete the sentences:1. I'm afraid... 2. Are you sure...? 3. He thinks ... 4. They don't know ... 5. Can you tell me...? 6. I hope... 7. Bob says... "• I'm not sure... 9. Do you know...? 10. Do you understand...? 11- I don't remember... 'l2. Tell him... 13. Ask her... 14. He asks... 15. I w'onder... 16. Do you remember...? 17. I'd like to know... 18- I don't think... 19. I suppose... 20. Will you ask him...? 21. I be-A". You are making a phone call. You want to speak to Sue but125she Isn't there. Someone else answers the phone. You want to know three things:1. Where has she gone? 2 When will she be back? 3. Did she go out alone'Complete the conversation:1. "Do you know...?" "Sorry. I've got no idea." 2 "Never mind I don't suppose you know... ." "No, I'm afraid I

don't." 3. "One more thing. Do you happen to know...?" "I'm afraid I didn't see her go out."Reported speech (present)/. Report, the following utterances:e.g. Peter: I'm fond of playing tennis.Peter says he is fond of playing tennis.1. Mr Smith: My son has travelled a lot. 2. Jack: They are staying at the Minsk hotel 3. Mrs Baxter: I'll book a return ticket 4. Helen: I'm going to take my English exam tomorrow. 5. Roger-Mike hasn't visited us since September. 6. Mary: We didn't go to the country on Sunday, e.g. Dick: Is Lucy married?Dick asks if (whether) Lucy is married.1. Sam to Peter: Do you often visit your parents? 2. George to his brother: Are you going to take a taxi? 3. Jane to Mary: Did you go away on business last month? 4. Bob to Susan: Will you comr to the meeting? 5. Kate to Betsy: Do you like coffee? 6. Donald to Roger: Did you see Brian yesterday? 7. Mrs Smith to her children: Are you happy? 8. Your teacher to you: Do you work hard at English? 9. Mike to his sister: Can you help me? e.g. Mary to you: Since when have you known Mr Fox? Mary asks since when I have known Mr Fox.1. Robert to you: Where will you spend your holidays? 2. Mi Baxter to Mr Robinson: Were you at the theatre yesterday? 3. Do nald to his brother: When did you send the telegram? 4. Youi father to you: Were you at home yesterday afternoon? 5. Mi Parker to his neighbour: Have you bought a car? 6. Nina to Lucy. Why didn't you phone me yesterday? 7. Mrs Robinson to her son Have you done your homework? 8. Mr Lee to his secretary How many letters have you typed? 9. Ann to Helen: Are you fond of tennis? 10. Alec to Victor: How long haven't you heard from your brother? 11 George to Steve: What were you doing yesterda; afternoon? 12 Mary to her brother- Will you be seeing Peter today? 13. Mr Baxter to Mr Short: Have you signed the papersvet?126//. Make up short dialogues:e.g. — The train is late.— What do you say?— I say the train is late.e.g. — Are you fond of travelling?— What do you ask?— I ask whether you are fond of travelling, e.g. — Where do you live?— What do you ask?— I ask where you liveFluency/. Report Pam's message:Pam wants to speak to Jill on the phone, but Jill is washing her hair. Steve shouts into the bathroom. Pam: I shall be on my own at the weekend. Steve: It's Pam! She says... . Pam: Jeff's going to Manchester, and Kate's gone to stay with afriend.Steve: She says...Pam: And Mark went camping yesterday. Steve: She says... Pam: So, if it's all right, I'd like to come and stay with you forthe weekend. Steve: She says...Jill: Oh, yes, fine. Tell her I'd love her to come. Steve: Jill says ... .//. Listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Roleplay the conversations.1. This is the Radio I Newsdesk. In Dorset, a helicopter is trying to rescue a man who has fallen down a cliff. He's lying on a small beach. An air-sea rescue helicopter has arrived at the scene, and one of the crew has climbed down a ladder to the beach. He's speaking to a doctor by radio. Crewman: Hello. Can you hear me, doctor? Doctor: Yes, I can hear you clearly Is he unconscious? Crewman: No, he's conscious. But he looks pretty bad. Doctor: О. К- Ask him if he can move. Crewman: Can you move? Man: No...Doctor- Ask him if he is in pain. Crewman: Are you in pain?127Man: Oh... yes...Doctor: Ask him where it hurts.Crewman: Where does it hurt?Man: It's my back.Doctor: Right. Don't move him. I'm coming down.2. Frank Aitken is the editor of the Daily News. He's sending trainee journalist to interview the American singer, Bob Sonata."Now, I've arranged the interview for four o'clock... at h hotel. Ask him lots of questions. You know... ask him if he liki England. Ask him what his next record will be, when he recorde it... and ask him where. Ask him all the usual questions... bi don't... don't ask him how old he is. О. K.?"3. Grandmother: Read Jimmy's card to me please, Mary. Mary: I have just arrived in Scotland and I'm staying

a Youth Hostel. Grandmother: Eh? Mary: He says he's just arrived in Scotland. He sa\he's staying at a Youth Hostel. You know he'smember of the Y. H. A. Grandmother: The what? Mary: The Y. H. A., mother.The Youth Hostels Association. Grandmother: What else does he say? Mary: I'll write a letter soon. I hope you are all well.Grandmother: What? Speak up, Mary. I'm afraid I can't he,<-you. Mary: He says he'll write a letter soon. He hopes \<are all well. "Love, Jimmy".Grandmother: Is that all? He doesn't say very much, does he' Mary: He can't write very much on a card, mother.Questions: What is Jimmy doing at the moment? Where is ! staying? What else does he say?4. Harry: How was the examination, Dick?Dick: Not too bad. I think I passed in English and Mathem i tics. The questions were very easy. How about yoi Harry?Harry: The English and Maths papers weren't easy enough f' me. I hope I haven't failed.Dick: I think I failed the Intelligence Test. I could ansu sixteen of the questions. They were very easy. But couldn't answer the rest. They were too difficult for rrp

Harry: Intelligence tests are awful, aren't they?Dick: I hate them I'm sure I've got a low I. Q.Harry: Oh, cheer up! Perhaps we didn't do too badly. The fell' '-v next to me wrote his name at the top of the papt'128Dick- Yes?Harry: Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours' He didn't write a word1

Questions: What does Dick think of the results of his exam? js Harry sure he has passed his examination successfully? How did Dick find the Intelligence Test?Self check/. Translate into English:1. Интересно, где они обычно проводят отпуск. 2. Я думаю, что она еще не приехала. 3. Я надеюсь, что он не опоздает на поезд, хотя он поздно выехал на вокзал. 4. Я помню, что ездил в командировку в сентябре 5 Интересно, будет ли он выступать на собрании. 6. Она говорит, что не любит театр. 7. Я не знаю, когда они вернутся. 8. Он говорит, что вчера опоздал на лекцию. 9. Она хочет знать, в какой гостинице они остановились. 10. Она говорит, что преподает английский уже 20 лет. 11. Он спрашивает, почему ты ему не звонить. 12. Ты не знаешь, когда поезд прибывает в Варшаву? 13. Ты помнишь, где мы отдыхали в 1980 году? 14. Боюсь, что они не успели на шестичасовой поезд. 15. Спроси ее, когда она придет. 16. Скажи ему, где она живет. 17. Я не знаю, почему Роберт мне не пишет. 18. Я не уверен, увижу ли я ее завтра. 19. Вы не знаете, есть ли почта недалеко отсюда? 20. Я думаю, что она напечатает документы к пяти часам. 21. Я не имею ни малейшего представления, чем он здесь занимается. 22. Боюсь, что она заблудиласьSEQUENCE OF TENSESIllustrative Situations/. Study these example situations:1. Yesterday evening when I returned from work my friend phoned me. He said he had a spare ticket for a concert and invited me to join him. But I answered that I was too tired and didn't want to go anywhere.2. — Jane is leaving for the Caucasus tonight.— But she said she wanted to go to the Crimea.— She has changed her mind3. — Why didn't you call on me yesterday evening?— I didn't know you were at home.4. Yesterday on my way home I met Mary. She was in a hurry. I thought she was hurrying to the Institute but she said she was 129going to the station to meet a friend of hers who was coming by the 9 o'clock train.5. Last Sunday the weather was fine. I knew that my uncle would go to the country. I rang him up and said that I would also come with him. He said he would start in an hour and asked me not to be late. I promised that I would be at his place in half an hour. We enjoyed the time we spent in the country that day6. A week ago my daughter asked me to take her to the circus. I promised that we would go there on the next day On the following day I took her to the circus.7. — I thought you were going to call on me last night. Whydidn't you? — I didn't know Mary would come to visit me but she did.8. Last week on my way home I met George. He said he would be leaving for Moscow in an hour.9. Last month I saw Alec. He looked very sunburnt. He said he'd spent a month in the south.10. — Betty told me some days ago that Mike had got married.— Wasn't she joking?— I don't think so.

11. When I entered Jane's room yesterday I saw that her eyes were red. I understood that she had been crying.12. When I called on my friend the other day he was writing a report. He said he had been working at it for a month.Illustrative Texts/. Listen to the text, read it and analyse the use of tenses. Reproduce the text.The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come."Mr Harmsworth", I said in a weak voice."Don't interrupt", he said.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra £ 1000 a year!//. Listen to another text. Pay attention to the difference in the use of tenses in the original and reported utterances. Reproduce the text.Laura Bruce is a trainee reporter for the "London Evening Echo". Last week several famous people arrived at London Airport.130Laura was sent to interview them. Nobody told her very much!Doctor Sowanso, Secretary General, UNO:"I'm very busy. I've got a lot of appointments. I can't say very much. I love England I've been here many times before. I enjoyed my visit in January. I'll only be in England for twelve hours. I'm going to meet the Prime Minister. I have no other comments."Laura's ReportDr Sowanso visited England yesterday. He arrived at London Airport at 10 a.m. and we asked him to comment on the international situation. He just made a brief statement. He said he was very busy, and that he'd got a lot of appointments. He said he couldn't say very much, but he said he loved England. He said that he had been here many times, and that he had enjoyed his visit in January. He said he would be in England for only twelve hours, and that he was going to meet the Prime Minister. He said he had no other comments.Brutus Gray, world champion boxer:"I like newspaper reporters, but I haven't got time to say much. Just that I'm the greatest, I've always been the greatest and I always will be the greatest. I can beat anybody in the world! I've beaten Leo Fink before. I knocked him out in Miami, and I'm going to knock him out in Sao Paulo. I'll be the champion forever! Excuse me..."Laura's ReportBrutus Gray stopped at London Airport on his way from Frankfurt to Sao Paulo. I managed to see him in the V. I. P. lounge. Brutus was in a hurry. He said he liked newspaper reporters, but he hadn't got time to say much. He said he was the greatest, he had always been the greatest, and he always would be the greatest. He said he could beat anybody in the world. He also said he had beaten Leo Fink before. He said he had knocked Fink out in Miami, and that he was going to knock him out in Sao Paulo. He also said he would be the champion forever!Practice/. Complete the following utterances using the words prompted. Express:a) a simultaneous action e.g. I didn't want to phone Mary at that late hour.I knew she (go to bed early).I didn't want to phone Mary at that late hour.I knew she went to bed early. 1. I decided not to invite Mike to the theatre. I remembered he131(not, like opera). 2. I gave that stamp to Peter. He said he (collect stamps). 3. We made up our minds to spend the holidays in the mountains. We thought it (be a great idea). 4. We sent a ticket to Mr Smith. We knew he (be keen on ballet). 5. My brother wanted to see that film. He said that many good actors (star in it). 6. We were not sure Paul would find Mary. We were afraid he (not, know her address). 7. I didn't introduce Jack to Helen. I was sure they (know each other) but it appeared they didn't, e.g. I couldn't talk to Helen when I met her on my way to the supermarket. She said she (hurry to the cinema). I couldn't talk to Helen when I met her on my way to the super-market. She said she was hurrying to the cinema. 1. The Petrovs were away. We learned that they (travel in the Caucasus). 2. She stayed in the whole evening. She said she (expect guests). 3. I saw Andrew at the bus-stop some minutes ago. He said he (wait for Jane). 4. When I phoned Victor the other day he was out. His sister told me he (play tennis in the park). 5. I met Judy in the department store. She said she (look for a winter coat). 6. When I came home yesterday my brother was busy. I saw that he (pack his things).b) a prior actione.g. I didn't think Mike would come with us. I knew he (see that performance before).I didn't think Mike would come with us. I knew he had seen that performance before.1. When I came to the station I saw my cousin. I understood that he (miss the 8 o'clock train). 2. Everybody praised the film. Mary was sorry she (not, see it). 3. It was raining hard. Mrs Parker regretted that she (not, take an umbrella). 4. My brother called on me yesterday. He said he (buy tickets for the match). 5. I was surprised that Betsy didn't know the news. I was sure her husband (tell her everything). 6. Harry didn't come to the party. We thought he

(not, receive our invitation). 7. I couldn't translate the article yesterday. It appeared I (leave my dictionary at the Institute). 8. She couldn't get into the flat. She said she (lose her key) e.g. Ann was angry with Andrew. She said she (wait for half an hour).Ann was angry with Andrew. She said she had been waiting for half an hour.1. Alice was busy yesterday. She said she(type all day long). 2. Jack was happy that he had got a ticket. He said he (stand in a queue for two hours). 3. When I called on my friend yesterday he was writing an article. He said he (work at it for two months). 4. 1 was sorry that Peter had failed his exam. I knew that he (prepare for it for a long time). 5. The meeting was over at last. I looked132at my watch and saw that we (discuss the production plan for two hours). 6. Mother looked very tired when I returned home this afternoon. She said she (clean the flat).c) a posterior action e.g. I was out when my friend dropped in. I didn't think he (comeso early).I was out when my friend dropped in. I didn't think he wouldcome so early. 1. On Friday I saw Lucy. I learned she (go abroad soon). 2. Nick didn't want to stay at his relatives'. He said he (put up at a hotel). 3. I felt worried. I was afraid Jane (be late). 4. There were a lot of good actors in the cast. I thought that the film (be interesting).5. John came by train. I was sure he (fly). 6. The task was too difficult for me. My friend promised he (help me). 7. Paul had already seen the play. He was sure we (enjoy it).e.g. Dick couldn't come with us. He said he (play tennis in theevening).Dick couldn't come with us. He said he would be playingtennis in the evening.1. Mary didn't want to go out. She said she (watch TV the whole day). 2. Susan said she would be busy on Saturday. I was sure she (shop all day long). 3. We didn't invite John for the picnic. We knew he (work in the library on Sunday). 4. I wanted to visit Helen yesterday but then I changed my mind. I remembered that she (visit her parents in the country). 5. My friend and I agreed to go to the pictures yesterday evening. My friend said he (wait for me outside the cinema at 6).//. Use the following sentences in situations:e.g. She said her son was running a high temperature.When I came to see my friend Jane some days ago she lookedworried She said her son was running a high temperature.They sent for a doctor. The doctor came and said it was flue.1. I didn't hope I would get a room at the hotel. 2. I saw that he was busy. 3. I hoped that he would help me. 4. I understood that he had missed his train. 5. I knew that she had finished her work.6. I saw that he was speaking to the chief. 7. I learned that he hadn't come yet. 8. She said she had a terrible headache. 9. He said he had been waiting for me for an hour. 10. He told me he would be doing his homework in the evening. II. He said he had already been there. 12. She promised she would send me a telegram. 13. He said he couldn't join us.133

Fluency/. Listen to the following texts, read and reproduce them:\. Last Friday Mr Hanson told his wife, Jane, that he would not be coming early that evening. He said that he had several business matters to attend to at his office and they would take him two or three hours to finish. He hoped that she would not be too angr\ with him. He had had a lot of extra work to do during the previous three weeks and he had not been able to complete it. Jane said that she didn't mind if Mr Hanson was late. She would go next door and talk to her friends, Eric and Elisabeth Grey.2. Once a mother and her two daughters were visiting London While they were doing sightseeing they saw a notice-board with "National Picture Gallery" on it. The girls said they wanted to go in as they had never been in any picture gallery. They were sure they would enjoy it. But their mother didn't think so. She said she had visited a picture gallery and knew what it was like. She explained to the girls that they would not see any "real pictures" (movies she meant), but paintings, mere paintings.3. Once an Englishman went to the seaside for his holidays He asked his housekeeper to post him all the letters that sh< would receive during his absence. She promised him to do that. The Englishman rested very well. A month passed but he didn't receive any letters. He thought that it was strange and he rang up his housekeeper and asked her why she hadn't posted his letters. The housekeeper told him that he had forgotten to leave her the key to the letter-box. The Englishman promised that he would send hei the key. Some days later he put the key into an envelope, wrote down his address on it and posted the letter. Another month was passing. But still he didn't receive any letters. Then at the end 01 the month he returned home. He spoke angrily with his housekeeper "But what could I do?" she said. "The key which you posted was in the locked letter-box, too."4. When Mr Long, the Minister of Education, was asked about the school-leaving age again at a press conference yesterday, he said that there were still a large number of problems to be considered. One reporter asked what the

Government was going to do about children who wanted to go out and earn money at the age of 16 Mr. Long said that he realised a lot of young people wanted to stand on their own two feet early in life, and he thought this was very good. But he added that he felt young people needed as much education as we could give them so the Government \vas seriously considering the raising the school-leaving age sometimt in the future.Self check/. Use the proper tense forms:1. When the train (stop) I (look) out of the window but (not, see) any of my friends there. I (send) them a telegram and I (think) that they (meet) me. My friend Mike said that, perhaps, they (wait) for us in the waiting-room. We (go) there but (not, find) them there either. We (think) that something (happen). We (wait) for half an hour and then we (understand) that they (not, come). Later our friends told us they (receive) our telegram ten minutes before the train time and (not, can) meet us. 2. When I came to Peter's place yesterday I learned that he (go) to the airport to meet a friend of his who (come) by the 9 o'clock plane. 3. A week ago I (go) to a restaurant. I (take) a seat at one of the tables and (look) through the menu. Then a waiter (come) and asked me if I (choose) anything. I said I (choose) a tomato salad, a chop and black coffee. I also said I (take) an orange. 4. Alice said that she (enjoy) her last trip about the Crimea and she (spend) her next holidays in one of the seaside towns in the Caucasus. 5. Some days ago I (offer) Helen a ticket for a new film but she refused. She (say) that she (have a headache) and (not, want) to go anywhere.//. Translate into English:1. Вчера вечером мне позвонил брат и спросил, не хочу ли я пойти в кино. Я согласился и не был разочарован. Фильм мне очень понравился. 2. Я надеялся, что я успею на последний поезд, но я опоздал. 3. Вчера по дороге домой я зашел к Николаю. Он сказал, что только что получил телеграмму от матери и через час пойдет на вокзал встречать ее. 4 Когда я увидел Нину, я понял, что она чем-то расстроена. Она сказала, что заболела ее мать. 5. На днях я встретил Джона. Он сказал, что купил себе новый автомобиль. 6. Когда я зашла к моей подруге, ее мать сказала, что ее нет дома: она сдает экзамен, но скоро вернется. 7. В июне мы с сестрой уезжаем на Кавказ. Наш брат сказал, что присоединится к нам, как только сдаст экзамен. 8. Вчера я попросила Стива починить утюг. Он сказал, что его ждут друзья и он не может помочь мне. Он пообещал, что починит его сегодня.— В прошлом месяце он обещал починить мой велосипед, но так и не сделал этого.— Надеюсь, что на сей раз он сдержит свое обещание. 9. Я был удивлен, когда узнал, что Роберт не сдал экзамен. Он говорил, что долго к нему готовился. 10 Петр сказал, что будет ждать меня у входа на стадион и просил меня не опаздывать.134135

U NIT 10TOPIC: THEATRECOMMUNICATION: INVITATIONSTEXT. A VISIT TO THE THEATREOn the evening before Roger Brown left England he took his girlfriend Mary Summers to the theatre. There are over thirty theatres in London, each offering a different play, musical, revue or variety show. Roger studied the entertainment section in the newspaper for a long time before deciding which theatre to go to. Eventually he chose something gay and amusing — the stage production of My Fair Lady at the Drury Lane Theatre. This musical play, based on George Bernard Shaw's famous play, Pygmalion, had been on for almost five years. It had been one of the greatest successes in the history of the theatre. During the first few years of its"run" it had been very difficult to get tickets but by the time Roger wanted to buy two the show was playing to half-empty houses.Roger had booked his tickets through a theatre ticket agency in Shaftesbury Avenue, a long street in the West End of London, famous bacause most of London's theatres are located on the street itself or in the neighbourhood.The show began at eight o'clock and Roger and Mary decided to have a quick snack in a coffee-bar before the show and dinner in a restaurant afterwards. As Roger wanted the evening to be a memorable one, he had reserved a table for two at a famous night club and restaurant where they could not only eat fine food but dance to a first-class orchestra. Roger had decided to ask Mary to marry him in a year's time. He wanted to propose to her in a romantic setting.He met Mary outside her office at 5.30. As the evening was fine they walked in St. James' Park for an hour before taking a taxi to Shaftesbury Avenue. There they soon found a pleasant coffee-bar and had some coffee and cakes. At 7.30 they took another taxi to Drury Lane Theatre. They were shown to good seats in the front stalls and from there they could see every part of the stage. At five minutes to eight members of the orchestra came into the orchestra pit and began tuning their instruments. Then at 8 o'clock the house lights dimmed and the orchestra began playing the overture — a piece of music that was to follow.Although the cast of the play had acted their parts every night for several years, they had not lost any interest in the play and everyone gave an excellent performance. Mary was particularly136

delighted by the costumes and Roger who takes technical interest in all things commented on the clever lighting and the construction of the sets.Mary and Roger enjoyed the performance very much and applauded enthusiastically at the end when the cast lined up on the stage to take their curtain calls. Outside the theatre Roger hailed a taxi and told the driver to take them to the "Black Cat" night club. London has many night clubs, but the "Black Cat" is one of the most famous and

certainly the most expensive.Comprehension/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:Where did Roger Brown take Mary Summers before he left England? What play did he choose? Was the play popular with the public? What did Roger and Mary do before the play began? What was the performance like? Did they enjoy it? Where did Roger and Mary go after the performance? Why did Roger reserve a table at the "Black Cat"?//. Read the text and analyse the language peculiarities of the text. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.Special Difficulties/. Study these example situations:a) Richard West has a new job. He has only one suit, an old grey one. His wife thinks he should buy a new suit. "After all", she says, "you must make a good impression in your new job".She wants him to buy a new suit.She wants him to make a good impression in his new job.b) Two doctors have just finished examining a patient. The patient is a very nervous man who gets worried very easily. The doctors want to discuss his case and have just gone outside his room. They don't want him to hear. They don't want him to get worried. The patient, however, is convinced they have gone outside for a different reason. He says this to himself: "They don't want me to know how ill I am!"//. Make up sentences using the prompts: e-g. my wife/some lettersI can't go out tonight. My wife wants me to write some letters. 1. The boss/some extra work 2. My teacher/a composition1373. My father/his car 4. My mother/the kitchen 5. My teacher/a lecture on the radio 6. My parents/in the garden. 7. My friend/a special programme on TV 8. My younger brother/his homework.///. Make up your own sentences about the following situation:e.g. Paula is a language student in England. She is a long way away from home. Her family want her to do a lot of things, perfect English. They want her to learn perfect English. 1. a letter home every week 2. three good meals a day 3. good marks in her tests 4. good clothes 5. with a good English family 6. home for Christmas 7. lots of English people 8. a good job laterIV. Fill in the gaps with prepositions "for" or "during"1. He sat quietly ... a few minutes thinking of what to do next. 2. I saw a lot of places of interest ... my journey. 3. I went skiing only three times ... the winter and haven't played hockey the whole year. 4. We had to stand in front of the ticket window... more than an hour. ... that time few of the people went away. 5. She can sit in the library reading-room ... hours. 6. ... my stay in Moscow I visited several exhibitions. 7. He is ill and will not come to the office ... a few days. 8. We lived in this house ... 25 years. 9. ... the break we went to the dean's office. 10. Our tram stopped ... 5 minutes at a small station. 11. My grandfather was sleeping peacefully ... the show.V. Translate into English (self check):1. Виктор хочет, чтобы я отремонтировал его машину. 2. Я хочу, чтобы ты позвонил Нине и пригласил ее на вечер. 3. Я не хочу, чтобы он поехал с нами. 4. Ты хочешь, чтобы я помог тебе? 5. Мы не хотели, чтобы дети купались в такую холодную погоду. 6. Брат хотел, чтобы я заказал билеты заранее.Text Exercises/. Ask questions about a) the London theatres b) the play Roger chose c) the way Mary and Roger spent the time before the performance began d) the performance and their impressions.//. Retell the text.138Conversation Practice Invitationsa) How to invite others to do something (with you):Would you like to Do you want toHow aboutDo you feel likecome to a party with me on Saturday'coming to Brighton with me tomorrow afternoon?b) How to accept an invitation:I'd love to.I'd like to very much.That sounds like a good ideaThat sounds (nice/lovely/super).That would be nice.Of course.With pleasure.Thank you (very much)c) How to turn down an invitation politely:No, thank you.

I'm afraid I can'tI'm (awfully) sorry but I can't.d) How to accept an invitation and ask for further details:Yes, (I'd love to) butwhere exactly? what time? when exactly? which day?e) How to turn down an invitation but suggest an alternative time or day:Oh, dear, I can't (on Friday). But another time perhaps?I'm afraid I'm busy then. Can't you make it another day/time5

I'm sorry but I can't (tomorrow). Does Tuesday suit you?I'm afraid (Friday's) a bit difficult What about another day?f) How to persist with an invitation to try to persuade others to change their minds:If a person turns down your invitation, you can always persist if and try to make him change his mind. Here are some phrases you can use:139Oh, come on.Are you sure you can't?Oh, surely you can!It should be fun/interesting. I promise it'll be fun. Just for me, eh?g) How to give in to persuasion:Oh,all right then, very well, as you wish.i) How to resist persuasion politely:No,honestly, I really can't, it's really impossible.Conversation 1It is Tuesday evening. Joanna has just come home from work when the phone rings. Joanna: Hello, 5621. Simon: Hello, Jo. It's me — Simon. Do you remember — fromthe party?Joanna: Oh, yes, of course. Hello, Simon. Simon: Listen, Jo, I was wondering if you were doing anythingon Saturday afternoon? Joanna: Er ... Saturday?Simon: Only, if not, would you like to come to Stratford for the day? They say "The Merchant of Venice" is really mar vellous! Joanna: Yes, I'd love to, but wait a minute — I'll just check in mdiary. (She looks through her diary.) Hello? Simon: Yes?Joanna: I'm awfully sorry, Simon, but my mother's coming down from Edinburgh and I've promised to go shopping with her on Saturday afternoon.Simon: Oh, that's a pity! But can't you go shopping another da}' Joanna: No, I'm afraid not. My mother's only staying for a fewdays. Simon: But do you really have to go with her? Can't she go onher own?Joanna: Well, she's buying a coat and wants me to go along arid help her choose it. I'll have to go with her. She's been looking forward to it for weeks. Simon: Ah well, another time perhaps?Joanna: Yes, fine. Look, why not the weekend after next? It's still on then, isn't it3

140Simon: Yes, I think so. A week on Saturday, then. I'll pick youup at about 2 o'clock. О. К.? Joanna: Yes, lovely. Thank you. I look forward to it./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:Who is calling Joanna? Where does Simon invite Joanna to? Why can't she accept his invitation? What do they agree upon?//. Give a brief account of the conversation.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Послушай, Джо, интересно, что ты собираешься делать в субботу? Не хотела бы ты поехать в Стратфорд? Говорят ... . Мне бы очень хотелось ... . Я только проверю по дневнику. Мне очень жаль. Не могли бы вы пойти за покупками в другой раз? Боюсь, что нет. Не может ли она сходить сама? Она ждала этого неде-лями. Может быть в следующий раз? Прекрасно. Я заеду за тобой в два часа. Жду с нетерпением. Моя мать пробудет у меня только несколько дней.IV. Act out the conversation.V. Accept the invitations:1. Would you like to come to Stratford on Saturday afternoon? 2. Do you want to have lunch with me tomorrow? 3. How about visiting the Space Museum with me on Saturday? 4. Do you feel like seeing the film at the Plaza with me tomorrow? 5. Do you feel like coming for a drive? 6. Would you like to join me?VI. Turn down the invitations politely:1. Would you like to see "Hamlet" with me next Thursday? 2. Do you want to go to the country with me tomorrow? 3. Do you feel like visiting the new art gallery on Saturday? 4. How about coming round to my place tonight? 5. What about having dinner with me some time next week? 6. Do you feel like going to the pictures with me tomorrow?

VII. Invite your friend to:nave dinner with you; go to the dance with you on Friday; go on a picnic with you; come round for a meal on Christmas Eve; join you for golf on Friday; listen to your new records; go for a walk with you; hear "Carmen" with you; play chess with you, etc. Your friend will accept or turn down the invitation.141VIII. Learn the dialogues. Make up similar dialogues:1. — Would you like to come with me to the cinema tonight?— I'd love to, but honestly I can't.— Oh, come on. Just for me, eh?— Oh, very well. Just for you.2. — Would you like to come fishing with me on Wednesday?— Oh dear, I can't on Wednesday. Can't you make it another day?— What about Thursday, then?— Yes, Thursday's fine. Thank you very much.3. — Do you feel like coming to the pub with me tonight?— Oh dear! I'm afraid I can't. I've already arranged to go somewhere tonight.— Ah well. Another time, perhaps?— Yes, fine.4. — How about meeting me after work tomorrow?— Yes, I'd love to, but what time exactly?— About 5.30.— Yes, fine. See you tomorrow then.5. — Do you feel like going to the cinema?— That sounds like a good idea. Thank you.— Let's make it 6.30 at your place.— That'll be O.K. by me.6. — Would you like to come to the Tate with me?— Er... When exactly?— On Friday afternoon.Conversation^Mrs Miller: Do you like musicals, Monica?Monica: Yes, but I prefer classical plays. Why?Mrs Miller: Well, there's a new one at the Prince of Wales. It'shad very good reviews. Monica: What do they say about it? Mrs Miller: The Sunday Time says it's brilliant and the SundayMirror says it is exciting. Monica: That's not bad. It sounds quite good but I think I'drather see something more serious. Mrs Miller: How about this one then?Monica: Which one? ^, . ,. T4

Mrs Miller- This one here. It's a thriller, by Agatha Christie. It must be good. It's been on for over twenty-five years. Monica: I still think I'd prefer a more serious play. Mrs Miller: All right. I'll have another look. Do you like Bernard Shaw?142Monica: Ah! That sounds better. Who's in it?Mrs Miller: I don't know, but it is staged by the Royal Shakespeare Theatre Company, so it's going to have somegood actors in it. Monica: That should be all right. Do they have any matineeperformances?Mrs Miller: Yes, on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. Monica: I think I'll book up for that then. Mrs Miller: And I suppose you'd like to see some Shakespeareplays, wouldn't you?Monica: Yes, very much. What plays are on? Mrs Miller: "Romeo and Juliet", "Twelfth Night"', "Richard III"and, ah, I think you'd like this: "Love's Labours Lost"in Regent Park. Monica: Regent Park? Mrs Miller: Yes, they have a theatre in the park, all in the open.It's a lovely way of spending an afternoon. Why don'tyou go to a matinee? Monica: That sounds marvellous, but I'd like ,to see otherplays as well./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are Mrs Miller and Monica talking about? What is on at the Prince of Wales? What do the reviews say about the musical? Does Monica feel like seeing the musical? What plays does Monica prefer? What plays is she going to see in London?//. Give a brief account of the conversation.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Почему бы тебе не сходить на дневной спектакль? Я бы предпочла посмотреть что-нибудь более серьезное. Какие пьесы Шекспира идут в театре? Я бы хотела посмотреть и другие пьесы также. Эта пьеса идет более

25 лет. Я еще раз посмотрю. Это звучит восхитительно. Это прекрасный способ провести время после полудня. У этого спектакля хорошие отзывы. Этот спектакль должен быть хорошим. Я полагаю, ты бы хотела посмотреть пьесы Шекспира, не правда ли?IV. Give synonymous expressions to the following:Why don't you go to a matinee? That sounds marvellous. I think I'd rather see something more serious. How about this one then? I'd like to see other plays as well. I'd prefer a more serious play. It must be good.143

V. Ask your own questions on the conversation.VI. Complete the phrases from the conversation:1. Well, ... at the Prince of Wales. 2. It sounds quite good but I think ... . 3. ... for over twenty-five years. 4. And I suppose ... . 5. ... to a matinee? 6. ... but I'd like to see other plays as well.VII. Role-play the conversation.VIII. Act out the following situations:1. You've got a spare ticket for "Carmen" on Saturday night. You phone your friend and invite him (her) to join you. He (she) willingly accepts your invitation. You are going to pick up your friend at his (her) place at 6.30.2. You phone your friend to invite him (her) to dinner at your house one evening next week. You will not take "no" for an answer!3. You receive a phone call from A who wants to see you some time next week. You do not really like A very much, so try to find excuses for not accepting the invitation.Conversation 3At the Box-officeRichard: Wait for me in the lobby, Pauline. We may not be able to get seats. I'll ask at the box-office window.Richard: May I have two tickets for this evening's performance, please?Box office Do you have reservations?clerk:Richard: No, are there any good seats left?Box office Yes, I have a few. 1 can give you very good seats eitherclerk: in the orchestra or in the first balcony, third row.Richard: Good, I like the seats in the balcony better than those on the main floor. Give me two, please, in the aisle, if possible. Do you have programs here?Box office No, you can get them from the usher at the main en-clerk: trance.Richard: We were lucky, Pauline. I've got excellent seats. I'll check my hat and coat and get the programs.Pauline: You'd better hurry up. Look at the time. The curtain goes up at 8.30 sharp. We don't want to be iate./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Where are Richard and Pauline at the moment? What are theygoing to do? Are there any good seats left? What seats does Richard prefer? What time does the performance begin?//. Give a brief account of the conversation.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Возможно, мы не сможем достать билеты. Подожди меня в вестибюле Ты бы лучше поторопился. Остались хорошие места? Нам повезло. Могу я купить два билета на вечерний спектакль? У вас заказаны билеты заранее? У меня есть несколько билетов. Занавес поднимается ровно в 8.30. Я сдам в гардероб пальто и шляпу и куплю программы.IY. Act out the conversation.V. Situation: You are at the box-office. You want two tickets in the stalls for tonight's performance. The clerk offers you the circle.Conversation 4At the TheatreDick:Hallo, Pauline. You are looking prettier than ever thisevening. Are you enjoying the play? Pauline: Very much. However, the play is not as good as the book.But Helen Hais is one of our best actresses. She makesany play a success. And the stage sets are beautiful.By the way, Ed, what did you think of Eugene O'Neill'slast play? Remember it ran in the Natiorral Theatre thispast week. Ed: It was his worst play. However, I don't like EugeneO'Neill as you know He neither interests nor amuses me.He's too serious. I like at least one laugh in the play. Pauline: Yes, I agree with you, Ed. Richard: So do I, But there's the signal for act two. Why don'twe get together after the play.? We can get a bite to eat.We'll look you up later./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What does Pauline think of the performance? What is her opinion of Helen Hais? How does she find the sets? What does Ed think of Eugene O'Neill's last play? Why doesn't he like him? What are the friends going to do after the

play?//. Give a brief account of the conversation. III. Act out the conversation.144145A Late NightLast night my parents went to a play. They went with the Blakes who are the people we visited last Saturday.Before the play Mum and Dad walked down Shaftesbury Avenue. Mum wanted to see the theatres and clubs. They walked slowly and arrived five minutes late.Mum loved the play. Mrs Blake liked the dances, but she didn't like the songs. Dad didn't like the play at all because he can't stand musicals. Mr Blake didn't like it either. After the play they went to a night club. They enjoyed that very much. They didn't get back to the hotel until very late. This morning they stayed in bed until eleven o'clock.The PlayMrs Hunt: Did you enjoy the play, Clare?Mrs Blake: Yes, I enjoyed it very much. I adore musicals.Mrs Hunt: So do I.Mrs Blake: You didn't like the first act, did you?Mrs Hunt: No, I didn't. The women danced badly and the menwho danced seemed nervous. Mrs Blake: Yes, you are right. The woman who played the nursewasn't Jill Sheen, was she?Mrs Hunt: No, she wasn't. Her name was Shirley Chilver. Mrs Blake: She talked too fast and she didn't dance very welleither.Mr Hunt: Did you really enjoy the play? Mrs Hunt: Of course we did. Mr Hunt: What did you like? Mrs Hunt: Oh, everything.Costumes and SceneryMr Hunt: You don't really like musicals, do you?Mr Blake: No, not really. I prefer straight plays. Last week we went to see "Waiting for Godot."Mr Hunt: The production wasn't very good, was it?Mr Blake: No, but the play was interesting.Mr Hunt: You were lucky. Tonight's play was dull.Mr Blake: The actors and actresses weren't very good.Mr Hunt: No, but the costumes and scenery were marvellous.Mr Blake: I didn't like the men's costumes but the women's dresses were lovely.Mr Hunt: Who was the actor who played the doctor?146Mr Blake: That was Frederick Veal. He was in a film I saw last week. He's the actor who was the doctor in another musical last year. I didn't like that play either.Mrs Hunt: Why did you buy tickets for this play?Mr Hunt: To please you.Mrs Hunt: Oh ... thanks./. Listen to the text "A Late Night" and the conversations and answer the questions:Where did the Hunts and the Blakes go last night? Why were they late for the performance? Did the women enjoy the play? What did they think of the dancing? How did they find Shirley Chilver? What did Mr Hunt think of the play? How did Mr Blake find the cast? Did they like the costumes and scenery?//. Tell how the Hunts and the Blakes spent last night.III. Act out the conversations.IV. Situation: A few days ago you were at the theatre. At the moment you are sharing your impressions of the performance with your friend.Listening At the TheatreSusan and Tom are at the theatre. They often come up to London from Bishopton on Saturday to do some shopping, have a meal at a restaurant and then go to the theatre in the evening.It is now ten past eight and they are waiting for the play to begin. The theatre is full and everyone is talking loudly and laughing and smoking or ea'ting chocolates. Soon the red and gold curtain will go slowly up, the lights in the theatre will go out and the play will begin. Then everyone will be quiet.In front of the stage is a place for the orchestra. The seats next to the orchestra are the stalls. Above the stalls is the circle, and above the circle are the upper circle and the gallery. The seats in the front stalls and in the circle are expensive; the seats in the gallery are cheap. At the moment the orchestra is playing a gay piece of music; and near Tom and Susan one girl is selling chocolates and cigarettes, and another is selling programmes. In England people smoke in most cinemas and in some theatres.Last week Tom and Susan saw a sad play; this evening they will see a happy play. Susan didn't like the sad play; she likes to laugh and be happy.147Now it is a quarter past eight, the curtain is going up and the play is beginning. After the play Susan and Tom will

go home to Bishopton by train. The last train to Bishopton leaves London at ten past twelve.Questions: Where are Tom and Susan at the moment? Why do they often come to London on Saturday? What is going on at the theatre at the moment? What will happen in a few minutes? What is the house like? What kind of play did Tom and Susan see last week? What sort of plays does Susan like3

Mark Twain at the TheatreMark Twain, the famous American writer was once invited to an opera by a friend. His friend was very rich. He and his wife had a box in the Opera House. During the performance his friend's wife kept talking loudly and gaily about the things that had nothing to do with the opera. The lady probably thought she was entertaining the guest. She made it impossible for Mark Twain to follow the performance and to listen to the music. Mark Twain didn't know how to make her keep quiet or at least speak in whisper. At the end of the opera the lady turned to Mark Twain saying: "My dear Mark Twain, I want you to come with us next Friday night. I'm sure you'll like it. The opera will be "Carmen". "Thank you very much", said Mark Twain. "That'll be fine. I've never heard you in "Carmen".Questions: Where was Mark Twain invited? Why couldn't Mark Twain follow the performance? What did the lady say to Mark Twain at the end of the performance? What did Mark Twain answer?Reading A Visit to the Theatre"Well," Adrian said when they were back at his flat, "What do you want to see this evening?""There is a play on at the Piccadily Theatre that I'm keen to see", Celia said. "What kind of play?", Adrian asked. "It's a black comedy. It's set in a mental hospital. The patients rebel against the medical authorities and take over the hospital. The rebels are reversed — the patients change places with the doctors. It's a satire on modern society and the nature of authority. The reviews have been very good. Jonothan Jarrot says in the "Globe" that it is a memorable evening and a great theatrical experience. He's a very experienced theatre critic. The play has a good cast. Liliane Petti-148grew is the female lead. She plays a hospital nurse who t ils in love with one of the patients and then is disillusioned when he becomes head of the hospital. They say it's one of her greatest roles. There is a strong supporting cast, too. The play has been a considerable box-office success — it's been running for almost six months now.""Well", Adrian said, "What time does the performance begin?" "Eight o'clock." "I'll telephone the box-office and see if I can reserve seats. Shall I ask for stalls or circle?" "Stalls", Celia said. "Front stalls if possible. I like being near the stage."Adrian telephoned. All the front stalls had been taken but there were still a few places in the rear stalls. Since the reservation was made by phone, the tickets had to be picked up half an hour before the play was due to begin.They arrived at the theatre at about half past seven, collected their tickets and spent a few minutes chatting in the theatre foyer. Then they made their way to the stalls entrance. An attendant sold them a programme and showed them to their seats. They sat and watched the theatre filling up.After the performance they went to a nearby pub."Well," Adrian said, "What did you think of it?""Terrible", Celia said. "I didn't like the element of cruelty in the play.""Well, that's what life is like," Adrian said. "As I see it, the theatre has got to be realistic and deal with contemporary issues. It's no use pretending that these things don't happen. Violence and cruelty are features of our lives. They concern a!! of us.""I don't agree," Celia said. "The vast majority of people live their lives without having such experiences. Except in the theatre. There's too much emphasis on violence these days Besides, showing violence and cruelty on the stage has a bad effect on public morality. Crimes of violence have increased lately. People see these things performed and go out and imitate them." "There is no evidence that violence on the stage or on the screen influences people's behaviour," Adrian said. "I'm sure it does. And in general I don't like this sort of plays. Let's go and see a musicai next time," Celia said.Self check/. Put each verb into the most suitable tense:It (rain) when I (wake) up last Saturday. It always (rain) when I am not working. We (plan) to go to the seaside, but in the end we (decide) to go to the theatre instead. We (miss) the bus149and (arrive) late. We (arrange) to meet Joe outside the theatre and he (wait) for twenty minutes when we (get) there. The play already (start) when we (go) in.It's Monday again today, and I (work) as usual. I (sit) here in the office for the last two hours, but 1 (not, do) much work yet. 1 (feel) too fed up to work. I already (have) my holiday this year I (go) to Scotland in July and, of course, it (rain) every day. Tomorrow I (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.//. Translate into English:— Ты не хочешь сходить в театр в субботу?— С удовольствием. Я давно не был в театре. Какой спектакль ты предлагаешь?— Я бы хотел послушать «Кармен».— Кто поет партию Кармен?— Елена Образцова.— Она прекрасная актриса. Ты думаешь, мы сможем купить билеты?

— Мой друг обещал мне достать два билета.— Спасибо. Очень любезно с твоей стороны, что ты пригласил меня. Я буду с нетерпением ждать спектакля.Fluency/. Answer the questions:Are you keen on theatre? Which do you prefer: cinema or theatre? Why? Which of the Minsk theatres do you like best? Why? When did you last go to the theatre? Did you book a ticket in advance? What did you see? Who was in the cast? How did you find the acting? Did you like the costumes and scenery? Was the house full? Did you have a good seat? Was the performance a success? Do you enjoy opera? Which do you prefer: opera 01 ballet? What opera (ballet) did you see last? Did you enjoy it' What did you like in particular: the music? the singing? the dancing? the sets? What is on at the Byelorussian Drama Theatre now? Who is your favourite actor?//. Speak on:a) the Minsk theatres b) your favourite theatre, its cast and repertoire c) your last visit to the theatre.///. Act out the following situations:1. On your way home you meet a friend of yours. You haven't seen each other for a long time. You want to get together one150day and go to the theatre. You choose a performance to see. Your friend offers to buy tickets. You agree to meet at your place on the day of the performance.2. The performance is over. You are leaving the theatre. You are full of impressions. Your tastes differ.IV. Write about the performance you enjoyed.UNIT II COMMUNICATION: APOLOGIES. OFFERS. PERMISSION.a) How to apologize: awfully I'm sorry, (John), but (I'm afraid) I've lost that

book you lent me. very

b) How to accept an apology:that's all right/O K. don't worry about it Oh, it doesn't matter never mind, forget it!Conversation ISally: Oh, Peter, I've been standing here since half past seven!Where on earth have you been? Peter: I'm terribly sorry I'm late, Sally, but I just couldn't helpit. I got here as soon as I could. Sally: Well, it's not soon enough, is it? It's too late to go in now,the play has already started! Peter: I know ... and I'm sorry but .... Sally: I've been looking forward to seeing the play all week!Do you realize that? All week! Peter: Look, Sally, just give me a chance to explain, please1 ! wasabout to leave the house when my sister called round.She was in tears. Her boy-friend John had been knockeddown and was critically ill. So I couldn't just rush offwithout a word, could I? Sally: Oh, I see. Peter: I am sorry about the play — really I am. 1 know how muchyou wanted to see it.151Sally: Yes — well, never mind. We can always see it some othertime.Peter: Yes, of course we can. Sally: And Peter? Peter: Yes?Sally: I am sorry for the way I snapped at you. Peter: Oh, that's all right. 1 understand. /. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:Why is Sally angry with Peter? Why is Peter late for the play? //. Read the conversation. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Где ты был? Я очень извиняюсь за опоздание, но я просто не мог иначе. Уже слишком поздно входить, пьеса уже началась. Прости, но... Я всю неделю с нетерпением ждала, чтобы посмотреть пьесу. Ты это понимаешь? Послушай, дай мне возможность объяснить. Я уже собрался уйти, когда пришла моя сестра. Понимаю. Я действительно очень сожалею, что так получилось с пьесой. Ничего, мы можем посмотреть ее в другой раз. Прости, что я набросилась на тебя. Все в порядке (ничего).///. Role-play the conversation.Practice '/. Learn the dialogues:I'm terribly sorry, but I've broken a plate.Oh, that doesn't matter.I'm ever so sorry. Tell me where you bought it so 1 canget you another.No, certainly not. I wouldn't dream of letting you do that.

I'm very much afraid I've burned a hole in the rug.— Oh, that's all right.— I do apologize. I'll buy you a new one first thing on Monday. Of course not. I never liked it anyway.I'm afraid I've spilt ink all over the table-cloth. Oh, never mind about that. I'm awfully sorry. Won't you let me pay for it? No, I won't hear of it.I'm terribly sorry, but I seem to have mislaid your scarf. Oh, don't worry about that.I just don't know what to say. I'll replace it, of course Nos that's quite out of the question. 1522. —3. —4.4. — Forgive me, please. I meant well.— Never mind. Forget it.5. — I beg your pardon. I'm afraid I've taken too much of yourtime.— Not at all, I'm sure. You're always welcome.6. — Why were you so rude to me at lunch?— Was I? Sorry. It was wrong of me.7. — You didn't ring me up last night. You said you would.— I'm awfully sorry.//. Accept your friend's apologies:1. Sorry, I've kept you waiting. 2. Excuse my interrupting you. 3. I'm sorry I overslept. 4. I'm awfully sorry, but I've accidentally taken your textbook. 5. I'm so sorry, I've dialled the wrong number. 6. I'm sorry I forgot to post your letter. 7. I'm sorry I mislaid your book. 8. I'm afraid you'll never forgive me. 9. I'm terribly sorry I can't do it right now. 10. I'm awfully sorry I lost the umbrella you lent me. 11. I'm sorry I didn't phone you last night.///. Think of remarks which may be followed by the following reassurances:1. — ... 4. — ...— It's all right. — Forget it.2 5 ... ... — Never mind. — Don't worry about it.3. — ... 6. — ...— It doesn't matter. — That's О. К.IV. Work in pairs. A apologizes for something he/she has done or failed to do and В accepts the apology:A apologizes for1. breaking B's watch2. dropping ash on B's carpet3. damaging B's roses4. not having phoned last night5. not sending the parcel after all6. not helping В with his/her suitcase7. being late8. not bringing the book he/ she lent you9. knocking over B's vaseВ replies that it was an old one anyway he/she was going to shampoo it soon, anyway they were dying, anyway it wasn't really very important he/she can do it this afternoonhe/she took a taxihe/she is not in a hurryhe/she doesn't need it at themomenthe/she never really liked it,anyway153V. How will you apologize ...if you think you've hurt someone?when interrupting a person?if you think you've been rude?if you damaged somebody's stereo?if you have kept someone waiting?if you haven't done your homework?if you forgot to post the letter someone gave you?if you broke a string on someone's guitar?if you forgot to meet someone's sister last night?if you borrowed someone's book and lost it?

if you were ten minutes late for class today?if you feel you are taking up too much of somebody's time?VI. Translate into English (self check):1. Извините, что побеспокоил Вас.— Ничего. Все в порядке. 2. Извини, я обещала вернуть книгу сегодня, но я забыла.— Ничего. Принесешь завтра. 3. Извини, что опоздал.— Ничего, мы успеем. 4. Прости, что заранее не предупредила тебя о своем приезде.— Все хорошо. Я всегда рада видеть тебя. 5. Прости, я потерял твой словарь. Я куплю тебе новый.— Не беспокойся. У меня есть еще один словарь. 6. Извините за то, что звоню вам так поздно.— Ничего. Я сама только что пришла домой. 7. Извини, что я не помогла тебе.— Ничего, я справилась сама. 8. Прости, я забыла зайти за твоим пальто в прачечную.— Не имеет значения. Ты можешь сделать это завтра. 9. Я так сожалею, что разбила твою любимую вазу.— Забудь об этом.VII. Act out the following situations:\. A friend borrows your flippers to use on holiday and leaver them in the resort hotel.2. A friend forgets to buy you some bread which you need foi a party.3. It's 3 a.m. The phone rings and it's the wrong number.4. A friend spills black coffee over your new white jacket.5. You got into the bus without a ticket. A guard comes up to you. You make excuses.6. You have knocked over a vase. It was on the edge of the table7. You didn't come to your friend's party because your cousin from Wales arrived unexpectedly.8. You told a friend last Saturday that you would pick him/her up in the afternoon and take him/her to a football match But you had a car crash on the way to meet him/her.9. You promised your mother to come and see her yesterdav154afternoon after work. But you were asked to work overtime and didn't finish until 8 o'clock. So you went home. 10. You borrowed your friend's record and broke it.Offers. Permission.a) How to offer to do something:ShallCanMayLetI help you?me help you.b) How to accept the offer:(Yes), please.That's very kind (nice) of you.I'd be very grateful.That would be nice.Thank you.Thanks a lot.Thank you very much.c) How to refuse the offer politely:No, thank you (thanks). 1 can manage. No, you needn't. Thank you. No, there's no need. Thanks. No, that's all right. Thank you. Don't bother. I'll manage (it).d) How to ask permission to do something:May Can CouldI go home earlier tonight?e) How to grant permission:Yes,certainly.of course (you/may/can- could).all right.please, dof) How to refuse permission:Please, don't. I'm sorry, but you can't. (No,) I'm afraid not. No, of course not.155Conversation 2Boss: Oh, Miss Brown, would you post this letter, please?Miss Brown: Yes, certainly. And shall I take this parcel to the post-office, too?Boss: Yes, please. Oh, and Miss Brown...Miss Brown: Yes?Boss: Could you work overtime on Friday?Miss Brown: I'm terribly sorry but I've already made arrangements to go somewhere on Friday.Boss: Oh, I see.Miss Brown: May I go now?Boss: What? Oh, yes ... yes, of course.

/. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What does the boss ask Miss Brown to do? What else does Miss Brown have to do at the post-office? Why can't Miss Brown work overtime on Friday?//. Listen to the conversation again. Recall the phrases expressing requests, offers and permission used in the conversation.III. Read the conversation. Paraphrase the conversational formulas expressing requests, offers and permission.IV. Role-play the conversation.Conversation 3Joanna: Oh, Simon, could you help me move the table, please?Simon: Yes, of course Where do you want it?Joanna: Er, over there, by the wall, I think. It'll give us a bit moreroom for dancing, won't it? Simon: Yes, good idea.(They move the table) Joanna: Thanks. Now, what else? Simon: Shall I move the sofa, too? Joanna: No, there's no need, thanks. It can stay where it is. Oh,Simon, the light's gone. What a nuisance! I haven't gotany spare bulb.Simon. Shall I go and buy one? Joanna: Oh, will you, Simon? I'd be ever so grateful!/. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:What are Joanna and Simon doing and why? Does Joanna want to move the sofa? Why does Simon have to go out?156//. Listen to the conversation again. Recall the phrases expressing requests and offers.III. Read the conversation. Paraphrase the conversational formulas expressing requests and offers.IV. Role-play the conversation.Practice/. Learn the dialogues'1. — Could you wait for me, please? I'll be ready in no time.— Yes, certainly. Shall I wait downstairs?— Yes, please.2. — May I help you?— It would be very kind of you, thank you.3. — Shall I close the window?— Please, don't.4. — Shall I give you a cup of coffee?— No, thanks. I'm in a hurry.5. — May I use your typewriter?— I'm afraid not. I'm going to type some documents.6. — Will you lend me some money for a few days?— I'm sorry, I have no money about me. Shall I bring it tomorrow?— Oh, that's very kind of you.7. — Could I leave earlier tonight? I have to meet my motherat the station.— Yes, all right.8. — Can I use your phone?— Yes, please.9. — Let me carry your suitcase.— Please, do.10. — Can I borrow your umbrella?— Of course, you can.// Accept the offers-I. Shall I give you a light? 2. Let me call a taxi for you. 3. Let me give you a word of advice. 4. Shall I help you with your luggage? 5. Shall I send the parcel now? 6. Shall I unpack your suitcase? 7. Shall I have a look at the engine? 8. Shall I lend you some money? 9. Can I help you? 10. Let me repair your iron. 11. Shall I give you a cup of tea? 12. Shall I type the article for you?///. Refuse the offers politely:1. Shall I give you a lift? 2. Shall I wake you up in the morning?1573. Let me translate the text for you. 4. May I help you? 5. Shall I buy this dictionary for you? 6. Shall I switch on the TV set? 7. Shall I book a ticket for you? 8. Shall I fix your typewriter?IV Offer someone to:buy some bread, call a doctor, send the letter, photo-copy the documents, translate the article, wash the windows, fix the record player, lend some money, make coffee, post the parcel.Не/she will either accept or refuse the offer.

V. Grant or refuse permission:1. Can I use your car? 2. May I leave early today? 3. Ma> I ask you a question? 4. Can I study here? 5. Could I use your vacuum cleaner? 6. May I invite Peter to the party? 7. Can I miss the next English class? 8. Can I borrow your pen? 9. May I open the window? 10. Can I gonow? 11. May I just say a word? 12. Could I have a look at your notes?VI. Ask someone permission to:use his/her typewriter, come and see him/her, take the day off, take him/her home, keep the book For another week, smoke, come in, listen to the record, go out, switch on the TV set.Не/she will either grant or refuse permission.VII. Translate into English (sell check):1. Помочь тебе перевести статью? — Спасибо, я справлюсь сам. 2. Выключить телевизор? — Да, уже поздно. Пора спать 3. Подвезти Вас домой? — Нет, спасибо. Я хочу пройтись пеш ком. 4. Можно я включу магнитофон? — Пожалуйста, не надо Я устала и хочу поспать. 5. Разбудить тебя утром? — Спасибо не надо. Думаю, что я проснусь сам. 6. Можно я воспользуюа Вашей ручкой? — Конечно. 7. Разрешите помочь Вам.— Спаси бо, не надо. 8. Зайти за хлебом по пути домой? — Да, пожа луйста. 9. Починить Ваш телевизор? — Да, спасибо. Это очен! любезно с Вашей стороны.VIII. Ask permission to do things. Someone will either grant or refuse you permission.IX. Offer your friend to do something. Не/she will accept 01 refuse your offer.UNIT 12GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH. IMMEDIATE AND REMOTE PAST REPORT.Illustrative SituationsThe tense of the verb in the original sentence normally changes when this statement is reported as a past event.a) b) c)Original statement Reported statementa) "The road is closed". I told you the road was closed.b) "They are repairing it." I told you they were repairing it.c) "The bridge has collapsed." I told you the bridge had col-lapsed.d) "No one can cross it." I told you no one could cross it.While the tense-change shown above is normal, it need not be made if, for example, the speaker wishes to emphasize that the situation described in the actual words spoken still exists and it can also be applied to the time of reporting. Thus:the road is closed, they are repairing it. the bridge has collapsed, no one can cross it. Bob: I'm tired.Jim: What did you say?Bob: I said I'm tired.In this situation the tense of the verb is not changed because the reported statement is given very soon after the original statement. Olga: Can I miss class tomorrow?Teacher: What did you say?Olga: I asked if I can (or could) miss class tomorrow.The reported statement is near the time and place of the original statement.Dick:Present report: Immediate past report: Remote past report: Mary to Jane a month ago: Jane to Lucy a month later:I'm ready to leave.Dick says he's ready to leave.Dick said he's ready to leave. Dick said he was ready to leave. My mother is seriously ill.Last month I met Mary. She was hurrying to the hospital. She said her mother was seriously ill.158159She was very upset. Yesterday Mary rang me up and said her mother is quite well now. (the event is past, the situation has changed.) Mary to Jane today: My mother is seriously ill. Jane to Lucy on the same day:— Mary said her mother is seriously ill. She is down with pneumonia.— I'm very sorry.(the situation hasn't changed, its relevancy at the presentmoment is emphasized).Jane to her teacher explaining why she was late for class: On my way I met I friend of mine. She looked very upset. She said her mother was seriously ill. I had to stop to talk to her. (Jane merely states the fact of something previously said without emphasizing its relevancy.)— Why didn't you wait for me?— You said you were not ready and I was in a hurry, (the event is past)— Let's call on Alec.— I don't think he is at home. Robert told me the other day he was in Moscow.(there is a lapse of time, the situation might have changed)— Glad to see you, Alec. Peter said you were in Moscow.

— I've just returned.(the situation has changed)— Mr Smith told me today he knows five foreign languages.— Yes, and he speaks three of them fluently, (the situation still exists).The tense of the original statement is usually not changed when the speaker reports a historical fact or general truth: He said Florida is (or was) in the south-eastern United States. Tom said New York is (or was) bigger than London. I said my name is (or was) Earnest.Notice that in these situations it is also correct to change the verb into the past. But you must use a past tense when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this example situation:You meet Ann. She said: "Jim is ill."Later that day you see Jim playing tennis and looking well. You say: "I'm surprised to see you playing tennis. Ann said you were ill." (not "you are ill", because he isn't ill).Here are some more example situations:(John to Clara at a dance)You are the prettiest girl I've ever met.Clara to her friend on the morning after the dance:160John told me I'm the prettiest girl he has ever met. (It is unlikely that he has met a prettier girl in the interval). But if Clara reports the conversation to a friend after a considerable interval of time, she will probably (unless she is very vain) say:John told me I was the prettiest girl he had ever met.While the present tense may be retained if John reports his own words on the same night he has uttered them, he will not preserve the present tense if he is speaking on the following morning:I told her she was the prettiest girl I had ever met.He may still feel that she is the prettiest girl he has ever met, but for him the compliment is less immediate than it is for her: she is interested in the substance of what he said — she treasures the compliment and she hears him still saying it; he recollects the fact of saying it, an event irrevocably in the past, and he naturally gives it a past tense.This point of immediacy or remoteness of interest arises even in cases when the permanence of the situation is absolute. For Mrs Smith the category of her own blood group is a matter of pressing concern at any point of time from the moment when she first learns it from the doctor:The doctor told me my blood group is B.Mr Smith, a loving husband, may identify his interests so entirely with those of his wife that he also will invariably use the present tense. But a mere observer will report:The doctor told Mrs Smith her blood group was B. Study some more example situations:— Where is Susan?— Jack said she is still working in the library. He has just seen her there.(the situation hasn't changed.)— John said he's leaving for Warsaw tonight.— I'm going to see him off. (a future event is expressed)— Who told you I was going to change my job?— I don't remember.— Wasn't it Peter?— Yes, perhaps it was.— What put that idea into his head, I wonder.(there is a difference between what was said and what is really true)— Mike said he would come and help me with my maths but he didn't.— Don't you know that he has left for Moscow? (the event is past)— Peter said we shall have a meeting now. Do you know where?

161— In room 25. (the event is future)Note: Would is generally used even when the event referred to is not yet past)— Did you speak to Jack yesterday?— Yes, I did.— What did he say?— He said he would finish the scheme next week.— Dick promised that he would repair my taperecorder tomorrow.— Last month he promised he would repair my radio-set but he never did.— Do you know the amazing news? Peter rang me up today and said he has won a car in the lottery!— Isn't he lucky!(relevancy, immediacy of interest; seldom used)Steve told me he saw Lucy yesterday.Mrs Smith said she moved here two years ago.

(the idea of priority is of no importance, the statements arereported near the time and place of the original statements.)ADVERBS AND DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS IN REPORTED SPEECHDemonstrative pronouns andadverbs of proximity in timeand spacethis (these)todaythis morning (week, month,summer)nowheretomorrownext week (month, year)agosome days (weeks, months,hours) agoyesterdaylast week (month, Sunday, etc.)Study these example situations: I passed my final (Peter to you today)162Demonstrative pronouns and adverbs of remoteness in time and space that (those) that daythat morning (week, month, summer) then therethe next (the following) day the next week (month, year) beforesome days (weeks, months, hours) beforethe day before, the previous day the previous week (month, Sunday, etc.) or the week (month, year, etc.) beforeexam yesterday. (Peter to you last week)Peter told me he passed his final exam yesterday.I saw Peter last Friday and he told me he had passed his final exam the day before, (the previous day)I shall phone you tomorrow.(Mike to you today)Mike promised he would phoneme tomorrow.(Mike to you last Monday) Mike promised me (last Monday) he would phone me the next (the following) day but he didn't.I am going to England next month.(Alec to you two days ago) Alec told me he's going to England next month.(Alec to you three months ago) When I saw Alec he said he was going to England the next (the following) month.My brother is coming tonight.(Peter to you today) (Peter to you some days ago)Peter told me his brother is When I met Peter the other day coming tonight. he said his brother was comingthat night.I lost my watch some days ago. (Peter to you today) (Peter to you last month)Peter told me today he lost his watch some days ago.Peter told me (last month) he had lost his watch some days before.I saw Jane last week.(Mike to you yesterday)Mike told me yesterday he sawJane last week.(Mike to you last month) When I met Mike last month he told me he had seen Jane the previous week.I'm very busy today.(Peter to you today)Peter said he's very busy today.(Peter to you some days ago) I invited Peter to the cinema last Monday but he said he was very busy that day.163(Robert to Alec on Monday): I'm leaving tomorrow.(Alec on the same day): Robert said he's leaving tomorrow.(Alec on Tuesday): Robert said he is leaving today.(Alec on Wednesday): Robert said he was leaving yesterday.(Alec on Thursday): Robert told me on Monday he was leavingthe next day. (the following day)(Mike's mother to you): He is at the Institute now.

I've just called on Mike. His When I called on Mike yester-mother said he's at the Institute day evening his mother said henow. was at the Institute at that time.(then)(Your friend Victor to you on leaving Minsk for Kiev): I'll comehere again next summer.(You to your mother): Victor (Victor to his friend in Kiev):promised that he would (will) I spent this summer at mycome here again next summer. friend's in Minsk and I promised I'd come there again next summer.Practice/. Analyse the use of tenses in reported speech:I. "I do not deny it. I simply said there is no winter sport in Montreux." (E. Hemingway) 2. "I told you what's been going on for five years- and you didn't know." (F. S. Fitzgerald) 3. That morning the major in charge of the ward asked me if I felt I could travel the next day. I said I could. (E. Hemingway) 4. "Did you tell him that I'm on the vestry?" (B. Shaw) 5. "I told her all about it by the way." "I thought you would." (A. Christie) 6. "I stopped to ask if you were better. They told me you were on duty, so I asked to see you." (E. Hemingway) 7. "The man was surprised. He said he'd never seen Charles in the card-room." (S. Maugham) 8. "She simply said that she's going to church with me." (J. Osborne) 9. "Remember, I wrote you, that he smashed up the car again?" (A. Miller) 10. "I told you I'd get her here and I have." (A. Christie) 11. She warned him that he would have to go, waited for a second and then opened the door wide. (E. O'Brien) 12. "He told me if he could not have dinner with you, he would come here." (G. Green) 13. She wondered if he'd told Miranda where he'd been. (E. O'Brien) 14. Then he smiled and said she had the sort of voice he could listen to all the night. (E. O'Brien) 15. "Did she not tell you I promised her to do so?" (B. Shaw) 16. "Did Denis tell you that Quixote has gone lame- poor boy's had no riding these lovely fine days." (K. O'Brien) 17. He thought, like you, that whisky is a good tonic! (E. O'Neill) 18. I said that I didn't want to164gо abroad. I said I wanted to stay in England. (A. Christie) 19. "She didn't come back. Somebody said they saw her driving away with an elderly man." (A. Christie) 20. "But talking of that fortune you've promised me. You did say it'll come while I'm still young to enjoy it?" (M. Thomas) 21. "Hawkins told me yesterday he's taken thirty wasps' nests this summer." (A. Christie) 22. Mrs Inglethorp replied that this was an excellent idea, but as she hadk several letters to write she would drop us there, and we could come __back with Cynthia in the pony-trap. (A. Christie) 23. "Did you tellhim his tea was ready?" (J. Osborne) 24. "It was lucky, she said, -that I'd come now." (A. Christie) 25. "Catherine asked me to tell you she was sorry she-couldn't see you this evening." (E. Hemingway) 26. "You told Arthur's mother I'd broken my leg." "It was only a joke." 27. "I told you, didn't I, that Mr Inglethorp has returned?" (A. Christie) 28. "I promised I'd give her the money tomorrow." (S. Maugham) 29. "Did he tell you that he'd used my riding whip on me?" (J. Galsworthy) 30. "Then I hope he told you that my name is Edward, not Willy." (L. Hellman) 31. "Hey! I'm sorry! You hear me? ... 1 said I'm sorry. ... I told you I'm sorry." (T. Williams) 32. "We know what you said." "I said that I did so by request." (T. Dreiser) 33. "We told Miss Mackay how much you liked art." (M. Spark) 34. "Denery told her he saw me in the travel agency. I was sure he would." (L. Hellman) 35. She promised that she would come and see him sometimes and that she would never forget him. (S. Maugham) 36. He said yesterday that he will not be buying a copy of the "Who's Who?" 37. "He said to tell you he's a journalist, sir." (M. Thomas) 38. "She said we see more of you here on your summer vacation than she sees all year round in New Orleans." (L. Hellman)//. In this situation someone says something to you which is ' opposite of what they said before. You have to answer: I thought you said... e.g. That restaurant is expensive.I thought you said it wasn't expensive.1. Ann is coming to the party. 2. Bill passed his exam. 3. I can afford a holiday this year. 3. Steve likes chess. 4. Gemma wants to join us. 5. It often rains here. 6. Victor is keen on theatre. 7. Jane wants to take part in the expedition. 8. I know her address, e.g. — Sorry, but I cannot come with you.— But you said yesterday you could come with me.— Yes, I said I could but now I can't, e.g. — They won't join us, you know.— But they said they would.— Yes, they said they would but they've changed their minds. 1. Sorry, I cannot do it for you. 2. Alice will not take part in the165concert. 3. Sorry, but I can't join you. 4. Dick won't be present. 5. Sorry, but I can't lend you my bicycle. 6 Sorry, but I can't go on this excursion. 7. Betty won't stay with us. 8. Dick won't go fishing with us tomorrow. 9. I'm sorry but I can't help you. e.g. — When 1 was in the Crimea!— But you told me you hadn't been in (to) the Crimea! 1. When I was in London... 2. When I studied French.... 4. When Alec was in the Caucasus.... 5. When Jane phoned me.... 6. When Dick lived in Paris....///. In this situation there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. e.g. Ann says "I'm tired". Ten minutes later she says "Let's playtennis". What do you say?You said you were tired.1. Your friend says "I'm hungry", so you go to a restaurant. When you get there he says "I don't want to eat." What do you say? 2. Tom tells you "Ann has gone away". Later that day you meet her. What do you say? 3. Mike says "I

don't smoke." Later that day you see him smoking. 4. You arranged to meet Jack. He said "I won't be late." At last he arrives 20 minutes late. What do you say? 5. Kate said "I can't come to the party tonight." That night you saw her at the party. What do you say? 6. "The food is very good in that restaurant" were your friend's exact words, so you both went there but neither of you liked the cooking. What do you say? 7. "I know the way" Robert said. You both got lost. What do you say?IV. In this situation there is a difference between what you thought and what is really true:e-g- — I go to work by bus. (tube)— 1 thought you went to work by tube. 1. I drink coffee, (tea) 2. He smokes cigars, (a pipe) 3. I leave home at 8. (9) 4. I start work at 9. (10) 5. I eat in the canteen, (in a restaurant) 6. 1 get up at 6. (7) 7. He writes detective stories, (love stories) 8. The tram leaves at 4. (4.30) 9. I come from Scotland. (Wales) 10. I play tennis, (golf) 11. I collect coins, (stamps) 12.1 agree with Peter. (Paul) 13.1 always have lunch with Andrew. (George) 14. I paint in water-colours, (oils) 15. He prefers Ann. (Mary) 16. I cook it in butter, (oil) 17. He sells taperecorders. (radios) 18. I teach English. (French) 19. I live in Washington (New York)V. Report the original statements in the following situations:Situation: The girl asked Tom about the film. "Wonderful" hesaid. He told her it was wonderful. 1. Robert asked his teacher about his mark in the test. "Very166bad" was the answer. 2. "You are a very good student" the teacher said. Robert was pleased. 3. The doctor looked at Jane and said: "You have a very bad cold!" 4. The doctor looked at Tony and said: "You are too fat!" 5. Mrs Butler put another cigarette in her mouth. It was her 30 th that day. "You smoke too much" her husband said. 6. The mechanic looked at Bert's car and said: "The engine is worn out!" 7. Jane was already in the pool. "The water's very warm" she shouted, so Tony jumped in. 8. The salesman wanted f 5000 for the car. "The price is too high" Sam said and walked out of the shop. 9. The teenager wanted a drink but the barman looked at him and said: "You are too young." 10. Jane asked the time. "It's five o'clock" was Mary's answer. 11. In the middle of the test Robert said: "I have a terrible headache." The teacher's answer was: "All right. You can go out." 12. Mr Brown's watch was broken, so he asked his friend the time. "3.30" was the answer. "I'm awfully sorry but I have to go now. I have an appoint-ment." 13. "I have done my test" Bill said. "You may go out" said his teacher.VI. Choose the right word:1. A few days (before, ago) we celebrated my mother's fifty-fifth birthday. She was sorry her cousin wasn't present. He had gone away on business (yesterday, the day before). 2. I gave my friend my dictionary (last week, the week before) and he promised to return it (tomorrow, the next day). He kept his promise. 3. (Last month, the previous month) I saw John. He looked sunburnt. He had returned from the south (last week, the previous week). 4. Dick spent last Sunday in the country. He said he had worked hard (today, that day). 5. I saw Mary at 5 (yesterday, the day before). She said she was very busy (now, then). 6. When I was at Victor's some days (ago, before) he showed me a good dictionary. He said he had bought (this, that) dictionary in England. 7. I've just phoned Bill. I learned that he is leaving (tonight, that night). 8. I met John at the library some days ago. He said he would come (here, there) again (tomorrow, the following day).VII. Report the following statements:1. Mike to Peter (on Friday): My brother is coming tonight. Peter to Kate (on the same day): Peter to Kate (on Saturday): Peter to Kate (a week later):2. Mary to Dick (on Tuesday): I saw Harry yesterday. Dick to Jane (on the same day): Dick to Jane (on Wednesday): Dick to Jane (a week later):1673. John to Lucy (on Monday): I'm taking my English exam tomorrow.Lucy to Tom (on the same day): Lucy to Tom (on Tuesday): Lucy to Tom (on Wednesday): Lucy to Tom (on Saturday):4. Betsy to Kate (on Monday): I'm very busy today. Kate to Tom (on the same day):Kate to Tom (a few days later):5. Fred to Steve (on Saturday): I wrote to my mother this morning. Steve to Bill (on the same day):Steve to Bill (on Sunday):6. Mary (pointing to a table near a window): I left the book there Joan (standing by the window):Joan (explaining the situation to another):7. Helen to Mary (on Monday morning): I'm free now. Mary to Barbara (a few minutes later):VIII. Use the following sentences in situations: e.g. She said she had returned from Italy the previous week.Last month I met my friend Lucy. I hadn't seen her for a long time. She said she had returned from Italy the previous week. 1. He said he is leaving tonight. 2. He said he had consulted a doctor the day before. 3. He said she is in hospital now. 4. He said he would spend his holidays there again. 5. She told me she saw an interesting film yesterday. 6. He said he would be leaving for Moscow that night. 7. She said she would go to the south this summer. 8. He told me he had bought a car the previous week. 9. He promised he would fix it the next day. 10. She said he was in the library at that time. 11. She said she will be taking her exam tomorrow. 12. She said she would go away on business next week. 13. She said she received a parcel last week. 14. He said he's going to visit Bill today.IX. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. He told you a lot of things. Here are some of the things he said to you:

I'm thinking of going to live in Canada.My father is in hospital.Nick and Jane are getting married next month.I haven't seen Bill for a while.I've been playing tennis a lot lately.Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Usereported speech.X. Alan is coming to spend a few days with the Smiths. He phones from the station. Betty Smith answers.168a) She reports Alan's remarks to her husband while the conversation is still going on.A: I'm phoning from the station.B: He says he's phoning from the station.b) This time, Betty reports the conversation later. B: He said he was phoning from the station.1. I've just arrived. 2. The train was late. 3. The station is packed with football fans from my home town. 4. I can hardly hear you: they are making such a noise. 5. I'll try to get a taxi. 6. But this may take some time as all the football fans want taxis too.7. 1 may have to leave my luggage in the station and get a bus.8. I hope to be with you in about an hour. 9. I have a French girl with me called Marie Celeste. 10. Her brother asked me to look after her. 11. We're waiting for her friends but I don't see any sign of them. 12. If they don't turn up I'll have to bring Marie with me. 13. I hope you won't mind. 14. I'm sure you'll like her. 15. She is the most charming girl I have ever met. 16. I'm going to try to get her a job in my college. 17. It's very good of you to put me up. 18. I'm afraid I can only stay three days. 19. I'm looking forward to seeing you again very much. 20. I've got lots of messages for you from my family.Fluency1. Listen to the conversations and answer the questions:1. Reporter: Have you just made a new film, Miss Marsh? Miss Marsh: Yes, I have. Reporter: Are you going to make another? . Miss Marsh: No, I'm not. I'm going to retire. I feel very tired. I don't want to make another film for a long time. Kate: Let's buy a newspaper, Millie. Listen to this: "Ka-ren Marsh: Sensational News! by our reporter, Alan Jones. Miss Karen Marsh arrived at London airport today. She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat. She told me she had just made a new film. She said she was not going to make another. She said she was going to retire. She told reporters she felt very tired and didn't want to make another film for a long time." Millie: Well, fancy that, Kate!Questions: Has Miss Marsh just made a new film? What is Miss Marsh going to do? Why doesn't Miss Marsh want to make another film? Who bought a newspaper? Where did Miss Marsh arrive? What was Miss Marsh wearing? What did the reporter write about Miss Marsh?1692. Reporter: Are you really going to retire, Miss Marsh? ' •'* i Miss Marsh: I may. I can't make up my mind. I shall have to ask my future husband. He won't let me make another film.Reporter: Your future husband, Miss Marsh? Miss Marsh: Yes. Let me introduce him to you. His name isCarlos. We shall get married next weekKate: Look, Millie! Here's another report about MissMarsh.Listen: "Karen Marsh: The Latest. At her London Hotel today Miss Marsh told reporters she might retire. She said she couldn't make up her mind. She said she would have to ask her future husband. She said her future husband would not let her make another film. Then she introduced us to Carlos and told us they would get married next week."Millie: That's sensational news, isn't it, Kate?Kate: It certainly is. He'll be her sixth husband!Questions: Is Miss Marsh really going to retire, or is she still not sure? She can't make up her mind, can she? What is the name of her future husband? When will they get married? Did Miss Marsh introduce Carlos to the reporters? How did the reporter describe the news?Elton Kash, pop star "I'm not staying in England long.I'm on my way to the United States.I'm going to record another album.I've written ten new songs. I like recording in Detroit. I made my last album there. I'll be in Detroit for six weeks."Stanley Walsh, ex-footballer "I don't like reporters. They've written a lot of lies about me.They destroyed my marriage. I've got a new career. I'm tired of football. I'll never play in England again. I can't say anything more."///. Listen to the texts and do some exercises on the texts:Julia and Jim, her boyfriend, are outside a restaurant. Julia wants to know something before they go in."Are you sure it's a good restaurant?"

"Oh, yes!" Jim is saying. "I've been here before. It's very good. I know the owner and I always get good service."1701. Where are Julia and Jim?2. Correct the statements:a) Jim says it is a bad place.b) He says he has never been here before.c) He says he does not know anyone.d) He says he never gets good service.Jim and Julia have been in the restaurant for an hour and they still have not been served. Julia is angry. "You said this was a good place!" she is saying. "You said that you had been here before! You said you knew the owner and always got good service!"1. Where are Julia and Jim?2. Ask "How long...?" and answer.3. Why is Julia angry?4. What did Jim say before they came?a) good place b) beforec) the owner d) good serviceIt is lucky Julia takes the same bus every morning and knows the conductor. This is their conversation this morning:"I'm sorry. I've left my money at home.""It doesn't matter. You can pay tomorrow." Unfortunately an inspector is going to get on the bus at the next stop.1. Why is it lucky she knows the conductor? 2. What are her exact words? 3. What are the conductor's exact words? 4. What is going to happen at the next stop?The inspector got on a minute ago and he wants to see everyone's ticket. Julia is explaining why she has not got one."I told the conductor I had left my money at home. He told me it did not matter and that I could pay tomorrow." 1. What does the inspector want to do' 2. What is Julia doing? 3. What did she tell the conductor? 4. What did he tell her?Tom is going into town and Susan wants him to do something for her there."It's my mother's birthday tomorrow. Will you get her some flowers in town? She loves roses."Tom is saying: "Don't worry. I'll get her some. I won't forget." 1. What does Susan want Tom to do? 2. Ask why! (and answer) 3. Ask and answer these questions! a) When/birthday b) What sort of flowers 4. What is Tom saying?Tom has come back from town but he has forgotten to get the roses. Susan is very upset."I told you it was my mother's birthday tomorrow and that she loved roses. You said you would get her some' You said you wouldn't forget!"1. Ask why Susan is upset! (and answer) 2. What did she tell him? 3. What did he say?171

Self check/. Use the proper tense forms.When I (ring up) my friend he (prepare) for his trip. He (say) that he (pack) everything but he (not, buy) a ticket yet. I (promise) him that I (help) him. I (be free) and I (can) go to the booking-office. He (thank) me and (add) that he (be grateful) to me. At 3 o'clock I (bring) his ticket and my friend (start) for the railway station.Mrs Hudson (be) about 40 when she (begin) to feel pains in the heart. She (go) to the doctor and (tell) him that she (not, feel) well for the last two months. The doctor (ask) her if she (have) a lot of work about the house. She (say) she (have) a large family — 2 sons and 3 daughters to look after. Her husband (die) two years before. Her younger son, Mike, (fall) ill the previous week and she (be afraid) he (not, get well) soon. Her elder son, Earnest, (join) the army some days before. The doctor (advise) Mrs Hudson not to work so hard. He said she must take care of herself because her heart (be) really weak. She said it (not, be) easy but she (do) her best.One day an old lady (happen) to be passing by a lunatic asylum. Seeing one of the lunatics she (stop) to talk to him. After they (talk) for some time the old lady (observe) that she (not, think) he (be) mad at all. The man (assure) that he certainly (not, be). He (say) that his relatives (send) him there just to get rid of him. The old lady (promise) that she (look) into the matter and (go) down the road. Suddenly a big piece of wood (hit) her in the back of her neck. She (turn) round and (see) the lunatic waving at her, so she (ask) what (be wrong). Nothing, he said, he merely (want) to remind her.John Robinson just (return) home from the Continent and (have) a rest at his home in the suburbs of London after a long trip by air. A friend of his, whose name was James Dobson, (ring) him up saying that he (be) glad his friend (arrive) home safely and that he would like to see John at his place on the following day. John said he (feel) a bit tired after a long journey across Europe and (be, not) sure he (be able) to come.UNIT 13 TOPIC: FINDING THE WAYCOMMUNICATION: GRATITUDE. ARRESTING SOMEONE'S ATTENTION.TEXT. PUBLIC TRANSPORTA taxi, sometimes called a cab, is the most comfortable way to travel. You simply hail a taxi in the street or go to a taxi-rank where there are several taxis waiting, for example, at a station. At the end of your journey you can see how much the fare is by looking at the meter. You add a tip to this, and that's all. Very simple. But expensive!What about taking a bus? It has two floors, it's called a double-decker and you can get a good view from the top. If it

has only one floor, it's called a single-decker. Most buses have a two-person crew: the driver who drives, of course, and the conductor (or the conductress if it's a woman) who takes your money. Keep your ticket because an inspector might want to check it. You catch a bus by waiting at a bus-stop. You can see where a bus is going because the destination is written on the front. But try to avoid the rush hour.Quicker than the bus is the underground (called the tube in London, the subway in New York and the metro in Paris and many other cities). You buy your ticket at the ticket-office. Go down to the platform on the escalator or in the lift. The train comes. The sliding doors open. You get on. You look at the map of the underground system. Very simple.For longer distances take a train or a long distance bus, usually called a coach which is slower but cheaper. The train is very fast. Put your luggage on the rack and sit and wait till you arrive.Comprehension/. Listen to the text "Public Transport" and answer the questions:What is the most comfortable way to travel? How do you take a taxi? What are the buses in England like? Which is the quickest means of transport? How do you travel by the underground? What is a coach?//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.173Special Difficulties/. Use "avoid + gerund":An old man is talking to his doctor.A: I travelled overnight and felt awful afterwards.B: Then try to avoid travelling overnight.I ... and felt awful afterwards.I. got very angry 2. drank too much. 3. went to bed too late 4. rushed about 5. stood for a long time 6 made a long speech (Use speeches) 7. read in a bad light 8. carried a heavy suitcase (Use suitcases) 9. played cards all night 10. took sleeping pills 11. travelled by jet 12. worked all weekend 13. quarrelled with my neighbours.//. Paraphrase using one sentence:e.g. He was able to pass the exam. He worked very hard. He passed his exam by working very hard.1. We managed to get to the station on time. We took a taxi. 2. He was able to complete his education. He got a part-time job. 3. She improved her pronunciation. She listened to English records. 4. She saved some money. She typed all the papers herself. 5. He was able to finish the article by the end of the month. He worked at night. 6. I improved my grammar. I did a lot of exercises. 7. She enlarged her vocabulary. She read a lot.///. Paraphrase using the modal verb "might" to express uncertainty:e.g. Perhaps it will rain today. It might rain today.I. Perhaps Jane will come by the 5 o'clock train. 2. Perhaps the bus will be late. 3. Perhaps Betsy won't come. 4. Perhaps John will catch the 7.30 train. 5. Perhaps it will snow tonight. 6. Perhaps the article will be published in tomorrow's newspaper. 7. Perhaps Jackson will play today.Text Exercises/. Ask questions on the means of public transport in England.II. Speak on the public transport in England.III. Speak on the public transport in your city.174Conversation Practice Gratitude. Arresting Someone's Attention.a) How to arrest someone's attention:Excuse me, (please) ...Pardon me...Sorry to ... (interrupt, interfere, bother), but...Look here!Just a minute1

b) How to reply:Yes?Well?What is it?What can 1 do for you?c) How to thank someone:Thank you (very much)/so much.Thanks.Thank you very much indeed.That's nice (kind) of you.Thank you anywayI'm very grateful to you.d) How to reply to gratitude:(Oh) that's OK/all right. Not at all. You're welcome. Don't mention it It's a pleasure./. Listen to the following phrases, imitate and learn them:Where is it?

Here.There.To the right.To the left.On the corner.Where is the place you are talking about?It's here. It's a little farther.175It's on the main street. It's on Fifth Avenue. Which way? This way? That way?It's right here. It's near.It's there. It's not very far.It's farther. It's far from here.— Is it far? — No, it's a five minutes' walk from here.— Is it far from here? — It's an hour's ride away.— Is it near here? — No, it's quite a long way from here.— How far is it? — It's ten miles from here.— How far is it from here to there? — It's twenty miles from here.How far are we from New York?How many miles is it from here to New York?— Where is the bus-stop? — It's just round the corner.— Where is the post-office? — It's on the other side of the street.— Where is the police-station? — It's at the end of the street.— Where is the hospital? —The hospital is two blocks from here just before you come to the highway.— Where is the chemist's? — It's the third block to the right. Turn right. Turn to the right. Follow this road.Turn left. Turn to the left. Take route seven. Go this way. Go straight ahead. Go to the corner and turn le.ft. Go straight three blocks and then turn to the right. Go along this street as far as the monument and turn to the left. Go along this street as far as the traffic lights, then take the street on your right.Go straight along this road as far as the chemist's, then take the first turning on your right.Take a number 24 bus and go as far as the supermarket. Then change for a 131 bus.Take this bus and go three stops. Then take a trolley-bus. Catch a 22 bus and go as far as Fifth Avenue. There you'll have to change for the subway.How do I get there? How do I get to New York from here? At what stop do I get off? Where do I get off? At what station do I get off? Do I get off here? Do I get off at the next stop? Do I change buses here? What bus do I take to get there? Do I take the Underground to get there?Will this bus take me to the Grand Hotel? Does this bus go to the bank?Will you please let me know when we get to Regent Street? Which is the right way to London Bridge? Which is the shortest way to the railway station? Which is the quickest way to Oxford Street? Am I right for the centre? Am I right for Darwin Street?176Am I right for Hyde Park? Am I on the right bus?Is this the right bus to the Central Park?Is there a bus from here to the Bristol Hotel?Is there an underground station not far from here?Could you give me some information? — Gladly.Can you tell me the way to Liverpool Station?Could you please show me the way to the centre?Can you tell me how to get to the Bristol Hotel?Can you direct me to the British Museum?Can you tell me where King Street is, please?Can you tell me how I can get to this place?Can you tell me how I can get to this address?How can I get to Broadway?I'm trying to find my way to Columbia LJniversity.I want to get to the British Museum.I'm looking for a post-office.I don't know this town and I can't find my way round.I'm afraid I've lost my way. = I'm afraid I'm lost.You see I'm a stranger here.What's the fare, please?Give me two tokens, please.//. Listen to the dialogues and learn them. Make up similar dialogues.1. — Excuse me, can you tell me where South Street is, please?— Take the second turning on the left and then ask again.

— Is it far?— No, it's only about five minutes' walk. *— Many thanks.2. — Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the sta-tion? - Turn round and turn left at the traffic lights.— Will it take me long to get there?— No, it's no distance at all.— Thank you.— That's O.K.3. — Excuse me, but I'm trying to find the Town Hall.— Take the third on the right and go straight on.— Should I take a bus?— No, you can walk it under five minutes.— Thank you very much indeed.— That's quite all right.4. — Excuse me, please. Could you tell me how to get to the towncentre?— First right, second left. You can't miss it.177— Is it too far to walk?— No, it's only a couple of hundred yards.— Thanks very much.— It's a pleasure.5. — Does this bus go to the station?— No, you'll have to get off at the bank and take a 192.— Can you tell me where to get off?— It's the next stop but one.6. — Am I O.K. for St Mary's Church?— No, we only go as far as the park, but you can walk frorn there.— How much further is it?— It's quite a way yet, but I'll tell you in good time.7. — Is this the right bus for the Town Hall?— No, you should have caught a 12. Jump out at the bridge and get one there.— Could you tell me when we get there?— It's three stops after this one.8. — Excuse me.— Yes?— Could you tell me the way to the hospital, please?— Yes, go along this street and turn right at the traffic lights. The hospital is on the left.— Thank you.— That's O.K.9. — Excuse me.— Yes?— Could you tell me how to get to the bank, please?— Yes, of course. Go along this road as far as the traffic lights. Then turn left into the High Street and it's on the right.— Is it far?— No, not very far.— Thank you very much.— You're welcome.10. — Excuse me, miss. Is this where the 33 bus stops?— Well, several buses stop here. The 33 stops here too. Where do you want to go?— I want to get to La Guardia Airport.— The 33 will take you there.— Thank you.— Not at all.11. — Excuse me... I want to get to Palladium Theatre. Do I get offat the next stop?— Well, what's that stop? Oh no! You go farther. Two or three178stops more. Oh ... wait a moment. You may get off here and take another route bus. It'll be probably quicker. - - Yes, it surely is more convenient./// Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversations.

Conversation 1 >Brian: Excuse me.Woman: Yes?Brian: Sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way toCastle Road, please?Woman: I'm afraid I've no idea. I'm a stranger here myself. Brian: Oh, I see. Well, thank you anyway.Woman: Sorry, I couldn't help.(He walks for a little while. He comes up to a taxi-driver.)Brian: Excuse me.Taxi-driver: Yes? What is it?Brian: Could you tell me how to get to Castle Road, please?Taxi-driver: Castle Road? Let me think now ... Yes ... Go along thisroad as far as Tesco's — that's a large supermarket.Then turn left and Castle Road is the first turningon the right. Brian: I see. Straight on as far as the supermarket...then left... then right. Taxi-driver: Yes, that's right. Brian: It's not too far from here, is it?Taxi-driver: Oh no, only a few minutes. Brian: Oh, good. Well, thank you very much.Taxi-driver: Not at all.Questions: What is Brian looking for? Can the woman help him? Who helps him find the way to Castle Road?Conversation 2Student: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to LondonUniversity, please? Londoner: I'm afraid I can't. I'm sorry. Ask the policemanover there. He will be able to tell you. Student: Where is the policeman? I can't see him.Londoner: Over there, on the other side of the road.Student: Oh, yes, I'll go and ask him. Thank you verymuch. Could you tell me how to get to LondonUniversity, please?179Policeman: London University? Go to Oxford Circus andthen take a bus. You can't get a bus direct from here.Student: How do 1 get to Oxford Circus?Policeman: Go straight along this street till you get to thetraffic lights, turn right at the light, keep straight on a little way, then take the second turning on your left and that brings you to Oxford Cir cus. You can't miss it.Student: And what bus must I take when I get there-Policeman: The 73.Student: And what stop must I go to?Policeman: Goodge Street. Book to Goodge Street and askthe bus conductor to lell you when you get there.Student: One more thing, how long will it take me to getto the University?Policeman: About half an hour, I think.Student: I must hurry then. I mustn't be late.Many thanks.(Later at Oxford Circus)Student: Does the 73 bus stop here?Passer-by: No, you're in the wrong queue.Student: Where does it stop, please?Passer-by: It stops just round the corner.Student: Thank youPasser-by: There's a 73 coming now. If you hurry you'll catchit.Student: (to bus conductor): Does this bus go to GoodgeStreet?Bus Conductor: Goodge Street? Yes, that's right.Student: Would you tell me when I get there, please?Bus Conductor: Yes, I'll tell you Jump on now. You're holding upthe queue. Questions: What is the student looking for? Who helps himfind London University? What directions does the policeman givethe student?/I Now work in pairs taking turns to ask for and give directions from point X to the following:1 the bank. 2. the post-office. 3. the police-station. 4. the chemist's 5. the cinema 6. the supermarket 7.the library 8 the railway station 9. the hotel 10. the hospitalV Act out the following situations:

1. You've got a new fiat and are going to have a house-warming party. You've invited some of your friends. At the moment you are180telling your friend how to get to your place.2. You arranged to meet your friend at his/her office. At the moment he/she is telling you how to get there.3. It's dinner time. You are hungry. You stop a passer-by and ask him/her the way to the nearest restaurant.Listening I Forgot to Put You OffI love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way. I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected."I'm going to Woodford Green", I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, "but I don't know where it is"."I'll tell you where to get off", answered the conductor.I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the country side. After some time the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus."You'll have to get off here", said the conductor. "This is as far as we go.""Is this Woodford Green?" I asked."Oh dear", said the conductor suddenly. "I forgot to put you off.""It doesn't matter", I said. "I'll get off here.""We are going back now", said the conductor."Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus," I answered.Questions: Where did the writer want to go? Did he know the way or not? What did the conductor promise to do? Did they arrive at the bus terminus or not? What did the writer ask? What did the conductor realize then? Why did the writer stay on the bus?Linda is Going to Marble ArchLinda Blake is a young journalist. Yesterday she went т an interview for a job with the EBC.The interview was at 10 o'clock The company's headquarters was near Marble Arch, in the centre of LondonShe got on a bus at 9.15 It was a number 79. The conductor asked for her fare. She told him she was going to Marble Arch."We don't go to Marble Arch. This is a 79 You want a 79 A," he said. Then he told her she could catch л 79 A at the next stop.She got off and waited at the next stop. She looked at her watch. She did not have very much time Another woman was at the stop, too. She told Linda that the 79 A did not stop there but upthe road.181Then she asked Linda where-she wanted-to go." *"Marble Arch," Linda answered. "You want an 89B then, not a 79A!" the woman said.Linda got on an 89B. It was now 9.45. Marble Arch was only a mile away. She asked the conductor how long it took to get there."It takes about half an hour this time of the day. It's all the traffic. If you're in a hurry, you ought to take the Underground or walk. It's much faster!" the conductor answered.Questions: Where did Linda want to go? Why did she want to go there? What happened on the first bus? What did Linda find out after she had got off the first bus? Describe what happened on the second bus (the 89B)On a London BusA strange thing happened to Henri yesterday. He was on a bus and wanted to get off. So he stood up and rang the bell. To make sure the driver heard him, he rang it twice, but the bus didn't stop, and the conductor came and shouted at him.The conductor was so annoyed and spoke so fast, that Henri didn't understand a word. The bus stopped at the next bus stop and Henri got off. As he got off he heard someone say: "I think he's a foreigner.".When Henri got home, he told his landlady about the incident. "How many times did you ring the bell?" she asked. "Twice", said Henri. "Well, that's the signal for the driver to go on," his land lady explained. "Only the conductor is allowed to ring the bell twice. That's why he got so annoyed." Henri nodded. "I see," he said.Questions: Where was Henri? What did he want to do? How did Henri indicate to the driver that he wanted to get off? How many times did he ring the bell? Did the bus stop? What did the conductor do? Why couldn't Henri understand the conductor? Was the conductor annoyed? What did Henri do when the bus stopped? What did he hear someone say? Who did he tell about the incident? Who is allowed to ring the bell twice?ReadingGetting around a city on public transportation in the US is generally not as easy as it is in many other countries, but it is possible. Only a few cities have subways, but most towns of 50 000 or more have some kind of city bus service.There are several ways to pay for bus transportation in the city. In some cities, you drop your money into the fare box. In others,182you have to buy tickets before you get on the bus. In some you can buy a special pass to be used for the day, week or month. And in some you buy tokens, which look something like coins, and you use them to get on the bus and enter

the subway.Subways in cities are known by different names. In Boston, the system is the MTA, sometimes called "the T". Washington, D.C., has a new subway they call the Metro, and the San Francisco Bay Area's system is BART — Bay Area Rapid Transit. In New York, it's the subway, but people often say the name of the line, e.g. the 8th Avenue. And in Chicago, the tracks are partly underground and partly elevated, and people call the system "the el."If you can't get where you want to by bus or subway, you can always take a cab. In many cities it is almost impossible to stop a cab on the street. It's easier to call a taxi company listed in the Yellow Pages and ask them to send a cab to your door. The meter will show the amount you have to pay. The driver will usually expect a tip at least 10 %. In New York, cabs are everywhere on the streets, and cabbies expect a tip of 15 %.Self check/. Translate into English:1. — Извините, сэр. Здесь останавливается автобус № 27?— Да. Куда вы хотите проехать?— В аэропорт.— 27 довезет вас туда.— Спасибо.2. — Извините, сэр, боюсь, что я заблудилась. Вы не можетемне помочь?— Куда вам надо пройти?— В гостиницу «Минск».— Это в пяти кварталах отсюда. Идите по этой улице до светофора. Вы видите его?- Да.— Затем поверните налево у светофора, пройдите три квартала и вы увидите гостиницу «Минск».— Спасибо.— Не стоит благодарности.3. — Простите, как доехать до Центрального Универмага?— Садитесь на автобус 84 и езжайте до остановки «Центральный Универмаг». У вас уйдет около двадцати минут, чтобы доехать туда. Попросите кого-нибудь сказать вам, где выйти.— Спасибо. • •— Не за что.1834. — Простите, этот автобус идет до вокзала?— Нет, вам нужен № 31. Он довезет вас прямо до вокзала5. — Каким троллейбусом ты едешь на работу?— Я не езжу троллейбусом. Вначале я еду на автобусе, а потом пересаживаюсь на метро.6. — Вы не скажете, есть ли недалеко отсюда почта?— В конце улицы.Fluency/. Answer the questions:A. What is the traffic in your city like? What kind of city transport do you like? What is the most convenient kind of city trans port? At what time does the bus service begin in your city? Till what time do buses run? What do we call the hours when the cit\ transport carries the greatest number of passengers? When art buses usually full? What do we call the money passengers pa\ for their trip on buses? What is the fare on the Minsk buses? Art there conductors on buses in Minsk? Have you ever travelled abroad? What countries have you visited? Is the public transport in those countries different from the public transport in this country?B. What street do you live in? Where do you work? Is youi office far from your house? How do you get to work? What number bus do you take to get to work? Do you have to change on your way to work? Where do you change? How long does it take you to get to work? How did you get here? How long did it take you? What's the easiest way to get to these places from this building: the Town Hall; the nearest cinema; the market, etc. Have you ever been lost in a large city? Where? When? Have you ever had to give directions to a stranger in this town/city? Do you always buy a map when you go to a new city in this country or abroad' Why/Why not?//. Speak on:a) public transport in your city/townb) how you get to workc) your experience in finding the way in this country or abroad///. Compare the public transport in your city/town and the public transport in the country you visited some time ago.IV. In pairs, ask and give directions to places in this town/city from this building.184V. Act out the following situations:1. An English speaker stops you in the street in your home town or city and asks you the way (in English) to the post-office (the railway station, etc.). What do you say a) if you are not sure where it is or are in too much of a hurry to give complicated directions to a stranger b) if you know where it is and can explain quite easily how to get there.2. You are talking to an English visitor to this country. He/she asks you about places that he/she should visit. You make

suggestions where to go, what to see and how to get there.Writing1. You have invited an English-speaking friend to come and ' stay with you for a few days. You had arranged to meet him/herat the station, but now you find you will not be able to do so. Write a short letter explaining why you will not be there to meet him/her and giving careful directions on how to get to your house or flat by public transport from the station. Include a hand-drawn map and refer to it in the letter.2. Write a conversation in dialogue form between a businessman and an old woman. The man is in a hurry to get to an appointment, but can't find the street. He asks the old woman, who wants to be as helpful as she can.U NIT 14GRAMMAR: REPORTED STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS, COMMANDS AND EMOTIONS.Illustrative SituationsReporting verbs used to report statements:say, tell (conveying information); promise (promise); explain (explanation); agree (agreement); disagree (disagreement); refuse (refusal); remark (casual remark); add (additional remark); warn (warning); remind (reminder); answer, reply (answer); assure (assurance); announce (announcement) and others.Reporting verbs used to report questions:ask, wonder, want to know, inquire1. Mother to Peter: I'll buy you a bicycle if you do well at school. Peter's mother promised her son that she would buy him a bicycle if he did well at school.1852. Roger to Dick: I'm fond of- skating. I often skate in winter. Roger told Dick he was fond of skating and he often skated in winter.3. Kate: The weather is fine. Tom: Yes, it is.Kate remarked that the weather was fine and Tom agreed with her.4. Jim to the teacher: I'm late because I missed my bus.Jim explained to the teacher that he was late because he had missed his bus.5. Mr Brown to his neighbour: I shan't watch the match. I'm not fond of football.Mr Brown told his neighbour that he wouldn't watch the match because he was not fond of football.6. Ann: The film is exciting. Victor: No, it isn't.Ann said the film was exciting. Victor disagreed with her.7. Mr Smith to his son: I shan't help you. You can easily do it yourself. Mr Smith refused to help his son saying he could easily do it himself.8. Donald to Steve: I'm sure you'll win the game. Donald assured Steve that he would win the game.9. The dean to the students: The meeting will be held at 3 o'clock in room 110.The dean announced that the meeting would be held at 3 o'clock in room 110.10. Mary to Paul: I gave my dictionary to you. Do you remember? Mary reminded Paul that she had given her dictionary to him.11. Helen to Nick: I'll let you know about my arrival. I'll send you a telegram.Helen told Nick she would let him know about her arrival and added that she would send him a telegram.12. Mike to Mrs Green: You've been kind to me. I shall never forget it.Mike told Mrs Green that she had been kind to him and that he would never forget it.13. Alice to Jane: You'll be late if you don't hurry.Alice warned Jane that she would be late if she didn't hurry.14. The attendant to the tourists: The museum is open from 10 to 7. The attendant informed the tourists that the museum was open from 10 to 7.15. Jill to Barbara: Can you type? Barbara: Yes, I can.Jill asked Barbara if she could type. Barbara answered that she could.18616. Mr Hawk to the clerk: Have you got any tickets for the 10 o'clock train?Mr Hawk inquired whether they had got any tickets for the 10 o'clock train.Practice/. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the sense of the utterances.1. Alec: Lucy is a pretty child. Helen: Yes, she is. 2. Mary to Mr Hanson: I've typed the documents already. 3. Jim to Harry: I'll buy you a ticket for the match. 4. Alice to her sister: I won't stay with your son any longer. He's crying all the time. 5. Victor to Dick: We must be at the Institute at 5. Don't you remember? 6. Jack: I think John will be late. George: I don't think so. 7. Robert to Harry: I didn't come because I was very busy. 8. Peter to Mary: Victor is at home now. He is watching TV. 9. Steve to Roger: I'll come by the 6 o'clock train. I'll be on time. 10. Bill to Dick: I shan't invite Mike. I don't like him. 11. Donald to his mother: I'll send you a telegram as soon as I get to London. 12. Peter to Jim: I'm sure you'll pass the exam. 13. Mary to Jack: If you don't leave immediately you'll miss the train. 14. Lucy: I must work hard to write the test. 15. Henry to Roger: The train leaves at 10 a.m. You won't have to get up early.//. Make up short dialogues using the prompts:

e.g. A: You'll tell Tom, won't you? B: Well, if I see him I'll tell him. A: What did you say? B: I said if I saw him I'd tell him. e.g. A: You'll tell Tom, won't you? I B: Yes, I'll tell him as soon as he comes in I A: What did you say? | B: I said I'd tell him as soon as he came in. You'll ..., won't you?1. ask Peter 2. thank John 3. pay Ann 4. remind Mary 5. tell them 6. congratulate them 7. invite her 8. discuss it with Jim 9. explain the situation to Mary 10, give Ann the money 1!. recommend that to Alec 12. offer Bill the money 13. speak to Mary 14. hand Harry this letter///. You have been away for a while and have just come back to your home town. You meet George, a friend of yours. He asks you a lot of questions:I. How are you? 2. How long have you been back? 3. What are187you doing now? 4. Where are you living? 5. Are you glad to be back?6. Are you going away again? 7. Why did you come back? 8. Do you still smoke? 9. Can you come to dinner on Friday? 10. When are you leaving?Now tell another friend what George asked you. Use reported speech.IV. Alan is thinking of buying a car. He asks his colleague. Bill, a number of questions, which Bill later reports to another car-owner.A: Have you (got) a car?B: He asked me if I had a car.1. What kind of car have you (got)? 2. What does it cost you to run it? 3. How many kilometres does it do the litre? 4. Does it belong to you and your wife? 5. Can your wife drive? 6. Is she a safe driver?7. How many kilometres do you drive in a month? 8. Did you pass your test the first time? 9. Do you think driving tests are any use? 10. Do you give lifts? 11. How long have you been driving? 12. Have you ever had an accident? 13. Was it your own fault? 14. Do you do your own repairs? 15. Do you always wear a safety belt? 16. Do you take the car to work? 17. Are you thinking of getting a new car? 18. Do you let your wife take the car shopping?V. Mrs Adams, who is rather inquisitive, wants to know about Mrs Brown's new tenant. Mrs Brown reports the questions to her husband.A: Who is he?B: She asked me who he was.A: What does he do for a living?B: She asked me what he did for a living.1. How long has he been here? 2. Where does he come from? 3. Does he teach in the Technical College? 4. How long has he been working there? 5. Is he married? 6. Where is his wife? 7. Does he get many letters? 8. Where do his letters come from? 9. Where does he do his shopping? 10. Does he do his own cooking? 11. Do you clean his flat? 12. Has he a car? 13. Does he ever speak to you? 14. What does he do in the evenings? 15. Does he go away at the weekends? 16. Does he wear a wig? 17. Why has he shaved off his beard? 18. Is he thinking of buying a house here? 19. Do you like him? 20. What do your tenants think of him?VI. Report the following utterances:e.g. Mike to Peter: I'm taking my exam in June. Will you also take your exam in June?Mike told Peter he was taking his exam in June and asked whether Peter would also take his exam in June.188 . 1. Robert to Lucy: Yalta is a wonderful place. Have you ever been there? 2. Mary to Kate: The day is lovely. Shall we go for a walk? 3. Bob to Alec: I've bought a new suit. Would you like to see it? 4. Mrs Smith to her friend: You look pale. Have you been ill? 5. Mrs Brown to Kate: Mary is at the Institute. Will you see her there? 6. Jack to his brother: Mike was at home in the evening. Did you phone him? 7. Mary to Steve: You speak English fluently. Did you study it long? 8. Helen to her sister: Mary has already returned. Have you seen her? 9. Mike to Peter: Lucy is worried. Have you sent her a letter? 10. Jack to Helen: I took an interesting book in our library. Do you want to read it? 11. George to Alec: I am fond of tennis. Can you play tennis? 12. Bob to Lucy: The train is leaving in an hour. Must I take a taxi? 13. Nick to Victor: I'm learning French. Can you speak French? 14. Betty to her mother: I have a headache. Can I have an aspirin? 15. Mike to Helen: We are going for a walk. Will you join us? 16. Mr Brown to his son: The task is difficult. Can I help you? 17. John to Mary: It's time to start. Have you packed everything? 18. Kitty to the doctor: I feel well. May I go out? e.g. The hotel is full up. Why didn't you reserve a room in advance?The clerk said the hotel was full up and asked why Mr Smithhadn't reserved a room in advance.1. Mr Brown to his wife: I've been waiting for you for half an hour. When will you be ready? 2. Bob to his mother: I'm very hungry. When can I have dinner? 3. Peter to his sister: I must write some letters. What date is it? 4. Bob to his brother: I want to speak to Mike. When will he come? 5. Alec to Steve: Jane is leaving for London. How long will she stay there? 6. Lucy to Dick: You look tired. What have you been doing? 7. Mrs Smith to her husband: You look ill. When will you consult the doctor? 8. Helen to Ann: Bill is going abroad. When is he leaving? e.g. How long have you been studying Spanish? Your accent isgood.Peter asked Mary how long she had been studying Spanishand added that her accent was good.1. Harry to Donald: Where are the Greens spending their holidays? They usually go to the seaside. 2. Mrs White to her friend: What time does the concert start? I think it's time to go. 3. Jack to Lucy: What time is it? My watch has stopped. 4. Mary to her sister: Why don't you want to phone Helen? She is always ready to help. 5. Mike to Nick: What suit will you

take? I'd like to have the grey one. 6. Mr Brown to his son: Where have you put my umbrella? I can't find it anywhere. 7. The teacher to Alec: Why can't you answer at once? You are always so slow, e.g. Where do you live? Do you get to work by bus?189

Barbara asked Kate where she lived and whether she got to work by bus.1 Jane to Mary: Where did you buy your coat? Did it cost much? 2. Mike to Helen: When are you leaving? Will anybody see you off? 3. John to his brother: When did you see Peter? Did you speak to him' 4. Jack to his sister: When will you be free? Will you be able to help me with my maths? 5. Helen to Jill: Where did you rest? Did you enjoy your holidays? e.g. — Are you tired, Bob? — Yes, I am.Alec asked Bob whether he was tired. Bob answered (said) (that) he was. — Has Lucy got up yet? — No, she hasn't.Mary asked her sister if Lucy had got up and her sistei said she hadn't.1. Bill to Dick: Are you going away for the weekend? —No 2. Bob to Jack: Must you leave at once? — I'm afraid I must. 3. Steve to his mother: May I go out? — Yes, you may. 4. Jack to Frank Did you phone me on Sunday? — Yes, I did. 5. Peter's mother to Peter: Can you meet me at the station? — Yes, I can. 6. Alec to Bob: Were you at the football match on Sunday? — Yes, I was7. Jane to Mary: Do you have your meals at the canteen? — No8. Mr Brown to Mr Smith: Is there a hotel in the town? — Yes, there is. 9. Donald to Roger: Have you written to your parents? -Yes. 10. Mary to Helen: Have you found your key? — No. 11. Jack to his brother: Is Dick still at the dentist's? — No. 12. Roger to his sister: Did you consult the doctor? — No. 13. Mike to the doctor-Shall I recover soon? — I'm sure you will. 14. Jack to his mother: Must I stay in bed? — Yes, you must. 15. Mrs Robinson to her neighbour: May I use your telephone? — Certainly. 16. Robert to Mary: Can you swim well? — No. 17. Helen to Bob: Will you visit me on Sunday? — Yes. 18. Mike to John: Is the station far from the office? — No. 19. Steve to his sister: May I use your typewriter? — No. 20. Helen to Lucy Do you have to get up early? — Yes 21. Jack to Bill: Can you play cricket? — No. 22. Mr White to Mr Parker: Have you got a car? — Yes, I have. 23. Peter to his friend Were you in the country in summer? — No. 24. George to Henry Have you been waiting long? — Yes. 25. John to Alec: Will you be having a lesson at 5? — Yes 26. Harry to Gerry: Do you have to work hard at Russian' — Yes. 27. Mary to her mother: Did you enjoy the play' — No. 28. Jack to his friend: Is Mr Hanson a good specialist? — Yes. 29. Paul to his brother: Did you leave Mary a message? — No.e.g. Mr Brown to his wife: Why are you so late? — I've been shopping. I bought you a nice pair of shoes. Mr Brown asked his wife why she was so late. She answered190(said, told him) that she had been shopping and added thatshe had bought him a nice pair of shoes.1. Peter to Jack: When are you taking your holiday? — InJune. 2. Mike to Bob: Why didn't you phone me? — I was very busy.3. Lucy to her friend: Is John still at hospital? — No, he hasalready recovered. 4. Steve to Paul: Do you like tennis? — No,I prefer cricket. 5. Mike to his father: Can you give me somemoney? — What do you want it for? 6. Helen to her sister: I can'tfind my key anywhere.— Have you looked in the dining-room?7. Mary to Kate: Where will you be at six? — At the Institute.8. John to Alec: What foreign language did you study at school? — French. 9. Ann to her sister: Have you done your homework, Mary? — I haven't started yet. 10. Victor to his mother: You look tired, mother. What have you been doing? — I've been washing. 11. Kate to Lucy: Why did you stay away from classes? — I caught a cold. 12. Mrs Smith to her husband: Have you paid the bill; yet? — No, I'm just going to do it. 13. Mr Brown to the waiter:i What will you recommend me for dessert? — Orange juice. 14. Jack; to Steve: Will you fly to London? — No, I'll go by train. 15. Helento her mother: Is your watch fast? — No, it keeps the right time.VII. Ask questions about the information expressed in the statement:e.g. Peter said Mary had left for Moscow. '•. Did you ask him why she had gone to Moscow? ; ... if she was going to stay there long?... when she would be back? etc.' 1. Roger said he would go to Africa. 2. Alec said he was going to \ spend his holidays at the seaside. 3. George said Helen had gone toItaly.Fluency/. Listen to the texts. Ask and answer questions on the texts. Retell them.1. Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour-everybody except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Geoffrey's closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves. He prepared the

speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. His speech was a great success. As soon as he had finished Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed his speech. To his191surprise she said she hadn't. Geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him she didn't like to see so many people laughing at him.2. When I woke up 1 asked my wife what the weather was like. She looked out of the window and said it was raining very heavily but she thought it was going to get brighter. Later, when we were having breakfast, I listened to the weather forecast. The announcer said that the weather in the south would probably be very changeable. He added that the Meteorological Office couldn't say when the weather would become more stable. My wife said that v/as fine because she had decided to stay at home and do some cooking.3. While John Gilbert was in hospital he asked the doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful but the doctor refused to do so. The following day the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Dr Millington. When the doctor answered the phone Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. "No," the patient answered, "I'm John Gilbert."4. Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out my tooth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. He knew I collected birds' eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Mean-while my tongue was searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton-wool from my mouth I was able to say that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.//. Listen to the conversations, read and role-play the conversations. Reproduce the original utterances reported in these conversations.Conversation IVictor: Hey, Maria! Have you finished your exam?Maria: Yes, I have.Victor: Was it difficult?Maria: Weil, it was quite hard.192Victor: Did you pass?Maria: I don't know... she didn't tell me.Victor: What questions did she ask?Maria: First she asked me what my name was.Victor: That was easy, wasn't it?Maria: ... then she asked me where I came from, and how long I'dbeen studying at the school. Victor: What else did she ask? Maria: She asked me when I had begun studying English, andshe asked how I would use English in the future. Victor: Go on... Maria: Then she asked me if I liked the school, and if I lived withmy parents.Victor: Anything else? Maria: Oh, Victor! I'm trying to remember ... oh, yes! She askedme if I spoke any other languages. Victor: Is that all? Maria: Oh, there were a lot of other questions. She asked me whatmy hobbies were, and she asked me to tell about them.Then she gave me a picture and asked me to describe it.Oh, and then I was asked to read a passage. Victor: What did she say at the end? Maria: Ah! She asked me to tell you to go in ... immediately.Conversation 2/Maggie: I hear you've got a new boyfriend. Where did youmeet him?Daisy: In the street.Maggie: In the street! What were you doing? Daisy: You see he interviewed me. He wanted to know about howI travelled to work. Maggie: What did he ask you? Daisy: Well, first he asked where I lived. Maggie: What else?Daisy: Then he asked me how I travelled to work. Maggie: It sounds as if he was doing a traffic survey. Daisy: He was. He then asked if I drove a car. Maggie: They want to know how many people use cars in the city,perhaps.Daisy: Possibly. I said that I didn't. Maggie: Well, what did he ask you next? Daisy: He asked if I used public transport, of course. Maggie: Go on.

73ак2733 193Daisy: Well, that's how we met. Because I said that I did.Maggie: So he asked...Daisy: If I wanted a lift home. Well, he was rather nice.///. Report the following dialogues:1. Man: I've lost my briefcase. Has one been handed in thismorning?Errol: No, sir, it hasn't. Where did you lose it? Man: Outside my house in Chester Street this morning. I put iton the pavement, then I drove away and forgot about it. Errol: Can you describe the briefcase, sir? Man: Yes, it's black leather with a combination lock and it hasmy initials D. B. on it. Errol: Is there anything valuable inside it? Man: No, there isn't. Just a few papers and some computerdiscs. Errol: Well, we'll let you know if we hear anything about it. CanI have your name and phone number please?2. Lucy: Look here, Mike. I'll have a party at my house tomorrow.Can you come?Mike: At what time are you going to have it? Lucy: At eight o'clock. Mike: I'll come. I'll be free at that time. Lucy: I asked Ted to bring his records. We'll enjoy listeningto them.Mike: Who else will be at the party? Lucy: Alice and Tom. I'm sorry Jane won't come. She left forManchester yesterday. Mike: And what about Bob? Lucy: I don't know. I haven't invited him yet. They moved to anew flat some days ago and I don't know his address. Mike: He has already told me his address, besides I'll see himat my brother's tonight. I'll ask him if you like. Lucy: Thanks very much, Mike.3. Helen: Hullo, Jane. It's my birthday tomorrow. I'll be thirteen. Jane: Do you think you'll get a lot of birthday presents? Helen: I'm sure I will. Mother's going to give me a box of paintsand paint-brushes. I like drawing and painting.Jane: What's your father going to give you?Helen: I don't know yet. Last year he gave me some books.Jane: Oh, will you show me your books, please? I want something to read. I've read all my books.Helen: All right. I'll show you mine I've got about fifty. 4 Alice: Kate, I've been looking for you the whole morning. Do you want to go for a trip with me?194 „ '

Kate: Where?Alice: A camping trip in the mountains.Kate: How long are you planning to stay?Alice: Three-days or more if the weather is good. If the weatheris bad we'll stay less.Kate: How can we get there — by train? Alice: Only part of the way. Then we'll walk: it's not too far. Kate: It seems to be a wonderful idea. I'll speak to Mother.If she agrees to let me go, I'll join you.Self check/. A few days ago Victor met his friend George in the department store. George was going to buy some things for his holiday trip. Report their conversation in writing.Victor: Where are you going to spend your holidays, George? George: We shall go to one of the seaside towns in the Crimea. Victor: Have you booked the tickets? George: I'm going to do it tomorrow. Victor: How long do you want to stay there? George: About a month. And where will you rest? Victor: I want to go on a camping trip in the Alps. George: I am sure you will have a good rest. Victor: I hope 1 will.//. Report the conversation that took place some days ago:Hostess: Would you like a cup of tea?Guest: With pleasure. Thank you.Hostess: How will you take it? Do you prefer your tea strong orweak?Guest: I like my tea very strong and very hot. Hostess: How many lumps of sugar do you take in your tea? Guest: Four or five lumps of sugar, madam, for I like my tea very• sweet.Hostess: Do you like milk in your tea? Guest: Milk? Well, yes! When I can't get cream.REPORTED COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND SUGGESTIONS.GREETINGS, LEAVETAKINGS, WISHES, THANKS,INTRODUCTIONS, APOLOGIES AND EMOTIONSIN REPORTED SPEECH.

Illustrative SituationsReporting verbs used to report:

order — order; request — ask, beg; instruction — tell, advi-195се — advise; reminder — remind; warning — warn; invitation — invite; suggestion — suggest; offer — offer; permission — allow; prohibition — forbid; persuasion — persuade; recommendation — recommend1. The doctor to the patient: Take the medicine twice a day: morning and evening, (instruction)The doctor told the patient to take the medicine twice a day.2. Mary to the waiter: Will you please bring me my bill? (request)Mary asked the waiter to bring her the bill.3. Tom to Kate: Please, don't be late, (request) Tom asked Kate not to be late.4. Mr Walker to his children: Off to bed with you and no more television for tonight, (order)Mr Walker ordered his children to go to bed.5. Mr Fox to his son: You may use my car. (permission) Mr Fox allowed his son to use his car.6. The policeman to the children: Don't play football in the street, (prohibition)The policeman forbade the children to play football in the street.7. Mrs Parker to her son: Don't go out. It's too cold, (prohibition)Mrs Parker didn't allow her son to go out because it was cold.8. Mrs Smith to her friend: You should consult Dr Brown. I'm sure he will help, (advice)Mrs Smith advised her friend to consult Dr Brown.9. Lucy to Helen: Don't forget to bring the book, (reminder) Lucy reminded Helen to bring the book.10. Jane: Oh, stay a little longer. Mary: All right (persuasion) Jane persuaded Mary to stay a little longer.11. The teacher to the boys: Don't make a fire in the wood, (warning)The teacher warned the boys not to make a fire in the wood.12. Mr Smith: I can drive you home in my car, Ben (offer) Ben: Thank you. That's very kind of you.Mr Smith offered to drive Ben home in his car and Ben willingly accepted the offer.13. Mr Parker: Shall I drive you to the country on Sunday, Mary? Mary: No, thank you. I'm going by train with some friends of mine.Mr Parker offered to drive Mary to the country on Sunday but she declined the offer, (or she refused)14. Robert: What about going to a dance with me, will you? (invitation)196Susan: I'd love to.Robert invited Susan to a dance and she willingly accepted theinvitation.15. Jack: Come to a play with rne tonight, will you? Helen: Oh, I can't, I'm too busy.Jack invited Helen to a play but she declined the invitation, (or didn't accept the invitation)16. Bob: Let's play a game of chess, (suggestion) Steve: That's a good idea.Bob suggested playing a game of chess. Steve agreed.17. Peter: Shall we go to the cinema tonight? Dick: I'm afraid I can't.Peter suggested going to the cinema but Dick refused.Reporting verbs used to report:greetings — greet; leavetakings — part, say good-bye; thanks — thank; wish — wish; apologies — apologize; introduction — introduce— Hello, Ann.— Hello, Steve.Ann and Steve greeted each other.Mike to Helen: Good-bye, Helen.Mike said good-bye to Helen.George: Good-bye, Roger.Roger: So long, George.George and Roger parted.Tom: Good night, Mary. Tom wished Mary good night.Alec to Peter: A happy journey to you. Alec wished Petera happy journey.Mary: Come to the cinema with me.Kate: Thank you.Mary invited Kate to the cinema. Kate thanked her.Helen to Dick: Excuse my ringing up at such a late hour.Helen apologized to Dick for ringing him up at such a latehour.Harry: Mary, this is Steve Baxter, an old friend of mine.Harry introduced his friend Steve Baxter to his wife.Reporting verbs used to report emotional utterances:exclaim, cry, shout, regret, console, sympathize, cheer up, praisea) adverbs

to say joyfully, angrily, proudly, cheerfully, sadly, etc.b) adverbial phrasesto say with disappointment (joy, surprise, anger, regret, dismay, annoyance, indignation, etc.)197c) adjectives + nounsto say in a cheerful (joyful, angry, sad, proud, rude, etc.) voice (tone)d) be + adjective (participle 11)He was surprised (angry, disappointed).e) give an exclamation of surprise (disappointment, annoyance, regret)Mr Hanson: Will you call Mr Jackson, please?Secretary: But he has already left.Mr Hanson: Has he? It's only 5.Mr Hanson asked his secretary to call Mr Jackson. His secretary said he had already left. Mr Hanson was surprised. He said it was only 5.Mr Brown: The Baxters won't be coming to the party.Mrs Brown: What a pity!Mr Brown told his wife that the Baxters wouldn't be coming to the party. On hearing that his wife gave an exclamation of disappointment.Mrs Green: I'm so happy! My son has become a student.Mrs Green said joyfully that her son had become a studentVictor to his brother: Stop making that noise, Mike. You are getting on my nerves.Victor told his brother angrily to stop making noise.Jack: What a shame! We've lost the game.Jack said with disappointment that they had lost the game.Bob: Hurrah! We've won the match!Bob exclaimed in a cheerful voice that they had won the match.Mrs Smith: What a pity! All the flowers in our garden arc ruined.With an exclamation of regret Mrs Smith said that all the flo wers in their garden were ruined.Mary: I say, Ann, I've failed in history. I am in such a state.Ann: Oh, come on now, it can't be that bad.Mary told Ann that she had failed in history. She was in despair. Ann tried to console her.Practice/. A supervisor is giving instructions to a group of exam students. One of these, Bill, reports the instructions after the exama) A: Sit at the numbered desks.B: He told us to sit at the numbered desks.b) A: Don't smoke:B: He told/warned us not to smoke.1981. Hang up your coats. 2. Don't write in the margin. 3. Put your name on each sheet. 4 Read the questions carefully. 5. Start each question on a fresh sheet. 6. Answer the questions in order. 7. Don't spend too much time on the first question. 8. Don't talk to your neighbour. 9. Don't try to copy your neighbour's answers. 10. Keep to the point. 11. Watch the time. 12. Be careful about your spelling. 13. Write clearly. 14. Count the number of words in your essays. 15. Look over your work before you hand it in.16. Number your sheets. 17. Tie the sheets together. 18. Go out quietly when you've finished. 19. Don't take any paper out of the room. 20. Come back at two o'clock.//. Mr Jones calls Ann into his office and gives her some instructions. She then returns to the main office and tells a colleague what she has been asked to do.A: Would you please file these letters?B: He asked/told me to file these letters.Would you please...1. copy this contract? 2. correct this spelling mistake? 3. add something to this letter? 4. pin up these notices in the canteen?5. look up our MP's address? 6. order some more paperclips? 7. contact our American branch? 8. send this report to our head office? 9. check these figures? 10. bring your taperecorder to the meeting? 11. type out a full report? 12. put these documents in the safe? 13. lock the safe? 14. leave the key on my desk? 15. take these books back to the library? 16. buy some flowers for my wife?17. tell my wife I won't be home tonight? 18. remind the cleaners to empty my ashtray? 19. advertise for a new office boy? 20. book two plane tickets for New York?///. Bill is at his office, where he has just heard that he has won £ 200000. Ann, his secretary, and Tom, a colleague, are giving him advice, which he later reports to a friend he meets on the train home.A (=Ann): Why don't you give up your job?

B: Ann advised me to give up my job.A (=Tom): Don't do anything in a hurry.B: Tom warned me not to do anything in a hurry.1. You should send out for a bottle of champagne. (Ann) 2. You'd better wait till lunchtime. (Tom) 3. Why don't you spend £ 5.000 on a terrific holiday? (Ann) 4. Invite all your friends to a party. (Ann) 5. Don't begin entertaining too lavishly. (Tom)6. You'd better give some of it to a charity. (Ann) 7. Don't offer to help everyone. (Tom) 8 You should get a new car. (Ann) 9. Why don't you visit your sister in Australia? (Tom) 10. You should buy presents for your wife and the children. (Ann)199IV. A students' club are planning a holiday abroad. The committee is now discussing where to go and what to do. Three members make suggestions. The secretary reports the suggestions afterwards to someone who wasn't at the meeting:A (=Bill): Shall we start on Friday?B: Bill suggested starting on Friday.1. Shall we hitch-hike? (Paul) 2. There are too many of us. Let's go on motor cycles. (Bill) 3. That's too uncomfortable. Why don't we hire cars? (Ann) 4. It would cost too much. What about borrowing the college bus? (Bill) 5. Shall we sleep in Youth Hostels? (Bill) 6. Let's camp out. (Paul) 7. Why not rent a caravan? (Ann) 8. Shall we pick fruit and make some money? (Paul) 9. Fruit picking is hard work. Let's spend the day on the beach. (Bill) 10. (And) let's visit museums and art galleries. (Ann) 11. Shall we eat in restaurants? (Paul) 12. Why don't we cook over an open fire? (Bill) 13. Let's pack plenty of tinned food and Coca Cola. (Ann) 14. Shall we find out about pop festivals? (Bill) 15. Let's look out for classical concerts. (Ann) 16. Why don't we bring guitars and make our own music? (Paul)V. Mr Jones, a widower, has to go away for a fortnight, leaving his house and two children in the care of his neighbour, Ann. He gives Ann various instructions, which she reports to her husband.A: If one of the children gets ill, ring the doctor.B: He said if one of the children got ill I was to call a doctor.1. If one of the children loses his appetite, take his temperature. 2. If the temperature is very high, ring the doctor. 3. If one of them cuts himself, wash the cut and put on a plaster. 4. When they have finished their homework, let them watch TV. 5. When they are in bed, read them a story. 6. If it gets colder, make them wear coats. 7. If they miss the school bus, send them by taxi. 8. When you go out, doublelock the door. 9. If you haven't time to cook, open tins 10. If it gets colder, turn on the central heating. 11. If the central heating doesn't work properly, phone the company. 12. If any letters come for me, please forward them. 13. If the gardener turns up, ask him to cut the grass. 14. When the milkman brings his bill please pay it.VI. Match the reported speech with the actual word spoken:Reported speech1. She advised him to get a summer job.2. She warned him not to drive too fast.3. He reminded her not to drive too fast.Words spokena) "Mary, meet my friend, Gil."b) "Would you like me to help you?"c) "I'm sorry I'm late."2004. She persuaded her to come5. He told them not to be late.6. She suggested going for a coffee.7. I offered to help them.8. He refused to help them.9. I invited her to lunch.10. She apologized for being late.11. She agreed to ask him.12. He introduced Mary to his colleague.d) "You should get a summer job."e) "О. К. I'll ask him."f) "Don't drive too fast. The road is dangerous."g) A: "Oh, please come!" B: "Oh, all right then."h) "Don't be late!"i) "Why don't we go for a coffee?"j) "I'm not going to help you."k) "Would you like to come to lunch?"1) "Don't forget there's a speed limit here."VII. Read the following dialogues and choose the verb which best describes the actual words spoken.

1. Mike: Would you like to come with Greg and me to the open-air concert on Saturday?a) apologize b) offer c) invite Jane: Brilliant! I'd love to come, a) accept b) refuse c) remind2. Ben: What should I do about my briefcase? a) agree b) ask c) introduceSue: Why don't you go to the police station and report it? a) offer b) tell c) suggest3. Mark: Mum, please can we go to the carnival? We'll be allright! You know we will, a) try to persuade b) try to agree c) warn Mum: O.K., but don't take a lot of money in case there arepickpockets around, a) agree but remind b) agree but warn c) refuseVIII. Tell the children what doctors advise us to do (not to do):lie in the sun too long; smoke; sleep in the open air; take cold showers; have regular meals; take a walk before going to bed; go in for sports; go to bed late; drink strong drinksIX. Tell the visitors what they are requested to do or not to do in a hospital:come at stated time; stay too long; keep silence; talk too much to the patients; put on overalls; take off hats and coats; smoke; make noise; talk loudly201X. What does your teacher often ask you to do (not to do)? What did your mother (wife, daughter, etc.) ask you to do? What did you ask your friend to do?XI. Report the following dialogues:1. Jack: Why don't we go to the movies? Mary: I'd like to.2. John: Would you like to spend the weekend in Brigh-ton?Nick: I don't think I can. I must visit my parents.3. Alice: • Do you feel like going to the theatre tonight? Betty: No, I'd rather go to the movies.4. Peter: What about having a cocktail? Victor: I don't mind.5. Donald. Let's drive to the country.Roger: Why not go to the seaside for a change?6. Robert: Come and see me on Sunday, will you? Steve: I'm afraid I can't. I'll be busy on that day.7. Bill: How about coming to a party with me tonight? Ann: ГН be delighted.8. Mrs Brown: Have a cup of tea, Bob. Bob: With pleasure.9. Mr Robinson: Shall I give you a lift? Mr White: Thank you. I'd rather walk.10. Victor: Would you like me to buy some medicine foryou?Jack: No, thanks. I can manage.11. John: Let me give you a helping hand. Mary: That's very kind of you.12. Mr Morgan: You'd better start at once. Mr Smith: Will you join me?13. Peter: You should subscribe to some American news-papers. Helen: I've subscribed to "Washington Post."14. Mr Baxter: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.We'll be pleased to see you.Mr Parker: Thank you. We'll come.15. Bill: Please don't speak too fast. Ann: I'll try not to.16. Jane: Don't forget to lock the door, Mother. Mother: Don't worry, dear.17. Peter: Could you please lend me your bike for a fewdays? Bob: Yes, certainly.18. Jane: Will you please help me with my suitcases?202

Alec: Yes, of course.19. Ann: Would you please translate this text for me? Mary: I'm afraid I can't. I have to rush off to worknow.20. Mrs Fox: Don't go out. I want you to help me. Dick: All right.21. — Good morning, Mrs Ford.— Good morning, Mr Davis.22. — Hello, John.— Hello, Robert.23. Mary: It's time to get aboard. The train's .leavingin ten minutes. Good-bye. Alice: Good-bye.24. Robert: You've done me a great favour. Thank you forthe trouble you've taken. Mr Green: No trouble at all.25. Mr Brown: I'll do everything you asked me. Mrs Lee: Thank you in advance.26. Nelly: I'm sorry I'm late. Jack: Never mind.27. Mrs Jackson: May I introduce Mr Smith to you, Nelly? Mr Smith: How do you do! Glad to meet you. Nelly: How do you do!

28. Jane: I hear you've been promoted. My congratu-lations! Andrew: Thank you.29. John: Merry Christmas! Sally: Merry Christmas!30. Mr Ford: Have you heard the amazing news? Tom won aswimming race! Mrs Ford: I was sure he would win.31. Becky: I would like a dark supper today. Mother: A dark supper? What do you mean by it? Becky: Well, you said that the supper you gave meyesterday was light and I didn't like it.32. Ann: It seems to me we've lost our way. Lucy: What a nuisance!33. Husband(on coming home): What! No supper ready? That's the limit! I'mgoing to a restaurant. Wife: Wait just five minutes.Husband: Will it be ready then? Wife: No, but then I'll go with you.34. Steve: Nick has failed his exam in maths. Bill: Really!? He said he was good at maths.203

35. Henry: Isn't it great! I've been offered a job at a re-search Institute! Mr Davis: Glad to hear it.36. Mike: All the tickets are sold out. Jane: What a pity!37. Nina: I'm taking my exam in two days. I'm awfullynervous about it. Alec: Oh, pull yourself together. Everything will beall right.38 Helen: Alice didn't keep her appointment again.Dick: That's the limit!39. Jane: I'm so sorry. I can't go to the seaside thissummer.40. Dick: Just fancy! I have won a car in the lottery. Bill: You don't say so! What luck!41. Mr Ford: Mary has brought a basket of apple*.Mrs Ford: A basket of apples? But I askeu her to bring pears.42. Johnny: Do you know, Mum! I've got a ticket for thefootball match.43. Mrs Davis: I'm so worried about Dick. The operation is totake place tomorrow. Mrs Ford: Cheer up! Everything will be all right.44. Mother: Mary, where is Jenny?Mary: She is in the house. She is playing a duet onthe piano.Mother: A duet? How can she play a duet alone?Mary: I played it with her but I finished my part first.45. Mother: What are you reading, Maggie? Little Maggie: I don't know.Mother: You don't know? But you were reading aloud,so you must know. Little Maggie: I was reading aloud but I wasn't listening.Fluency/. Listen to the conversation, read and learn it:Mr Power: Yes, Miss Wright? What is it?Miss Wright: Mr Hudson wants to speak to you, sir.Mr Power. I'm very busy at the moment. Ask him to ringlater.Miss Wright: Yes, sir. Mr Power: Oh, and Miss Wright? Tell Chris to photocopy theDirector's report.204Miss Wright: Yes, sir. Anything else, sir?Mr Power: Yes. Tell Miss Davis not to ring her boyfriend onthe office phone. Miss Wright: Yes, sir.Hello? This is Mr Power's secretary... Mr Hudson: Yes... Hudson here. Miss Wright: I'm afraid M~ Power's busy at the moment. Canyou ring later?Mr Hudson: All right... what about this afternoon? Miss Wright: Yes, that'll be all right.Miss Wright: Oh, Chris?Chris: Yes, Miss Wright?Miss Wright: Mr Power wants you to photocopy this report.Chris: Oh, yes ... I'll do it later.Miss Wright: No, Chris... do it now... I know it's important...Miss Wright: Miss Davis! Did you ring your boyfriend on theoffice phone yesterday?

Miss Davis: Well, yes... I did... but it was urgent. Miss Wright: Hmm ... I think Mr Power heard you. He wasn't verypleased about it. Don't use the office phone forpersonal calls. Miss Davis: No ... no, Miss Wright ... I won't do it again... I'msorry.Mr Power: Miss Wright? Did you speak to Mr Hudson?Miss Wright: Yes, I did. I asked him to ring later. He says he'llring you this afternoon.Mr Power: That's fine. Has Chris photocopied that report yet? Miss Wright: Not yet... but I told him to do it immediately.I think he's doing it now. Mr Power: Good. Did you tell Miss Davis not to ring herboyfriend from here? Miss Wright: Oh, yes... I told her not to use the office phone forpersonal calls... she says she won't do it again. I'msure she won't.Mr Power: I hope she won't ... her boyfriend lives in Australia! //. Listen to the conversations and report them:2051. Man: Hello, little boy. What are you doing? Boy: I've lost a com and I'm looking for it.Man: How much have you lost, and where did you drop it? Boy: I've lost a tenpence and I dropped it on the road. Man: Don't cry. I'll give you another tenpence. Buy yourself some chocolate. Good-bye.(Some minutes later)Man: What's the matter? Have you lost the coin I gaveyou already? Boy: I haven't lost that one, but I want to find the first one.Then I'll have 20 pence.2. A talkative passenger addressed a lady who was in the same compartment. "Have you a family, madam?" "Yes, sir, one son." "Indeed? Does he smoke?" "No, sir. He has never touched a cigarette." "Does he drink wine?" "Oh, no, he has never touched a drop of it." "Does he come home late at night?" "Never. He always goes to bed directly after dinner." "I congratulate you, madam. He is a model young man. How old is he?" "Four months today,г sir."3. Nora is talking to a neighbour, Mrs Howard.Nora: Yes, of course, Mrs Howard, I mustn't boast, butit really is a comfort to have such a hard-working boy as Robert.Mrs Howard: You needn't apologize, Mrs Parker. It's very natural for you to feel proud. Will he go to the University, do you think?Nora: Well, he may or he may not. You see we can't reallytell until he takes his scholarship examinations.Mrs Howard: Oh, but I'm sure he'll win a scholarship.Nora: Yes, we hope he will. He's done well in all his examsup to now, but we don't count on his winning one. If he doesn't win a scholarship, he may go to a technical college.Mrs Howard: Would he like to do that? What's he studying now? Is he studying science?Nora: Yes, and I think he's getting' on quite well at itHe is certainly working very hard. Why, this very afternoon, although it's such a fine day, he is at the library working all the time.Robert: Hello, mum! Good afternoon, Mrs Howard! It's alovely day, isn't it!? Well, the Rovers won, Mum!Nora: The Rovers, Robert? Why, where have you been'Robert: At the football match, of course.Nora: Haven't you been at the library?Robert: No.Nora: But I thought...Mrs Howard: Don't worry, Mrs Parker. A library is quite the wrong place for a boy on such a fine afternoon.///. Listen to the text. Retell it.John Smith was a man who always forgot everything he had to remember. One day a friend invited him to dinner. "Come on Tuesday at 8 in the evening", he said. "Your brother's old friend will be here and he wants to see you. Don't come on Wednesday. I shall not be at home then." John Smith smiled and said he wouldn't make a mistake because on Wednesday he had to go to the country to see his father who would be waiting for him at the railway station at 10.30 in the evening. Tuesday came, but Smith did not come. On Wednesday at a little past 8 John Smith ran into the room. "I'm sorry I'm late", he said. "I got into the wrong bus." "Why, it's you?" his friend exclaimed. "But I asked you to come on Tuesday! I can't stay now. I must go. But don't you remember you have to go to the country today? Your father will be waiting for you." "Oh, so he will. I must hurry," and in a moment he was out of the room.Self check/. Report the phrases in brackets:1. The platform was empty, so Fred asked a porter ... and the porter answered ... ("Has the train for London left?" "It

left ten minutes ago.") 2. John told Mary ... but she laughed and told him... ("You are the most beautiful girl in the world". "Don't talk such nonsense".) 3. My watch stopped today, so I took it to a watchmaker and asked him.... He examined it, shook his head and told me:... ("What's wrong with it?" "Throw it away and buy a new one.") 4. Mary is a strange girl. The other day, when I asked her..., she said that... . But I saw her there myself the very next night. "Would you like to come to the cinema with me?" "I've already seen this film.") 5. The manager asked me... and I answered him... He then asked me..., so I told him .... ("Do you like your work?" "Yes, I do." "Why do you want to leave it then?" "I'm moving to Glasgow." 6. I was walking down the road the other day when a man stopped me and asked the way to the nearest post office. I told him... ("Take the first turning to the left and go as far as the post office".) The man asked me ... ("How far is it?") and I told him... ("It's about half a mile at the most.") He thanked me and walked off.206207//. Report the conversation which took place a week ago:Mr Robinson: Hello. Glad to see you in London. How long have you been here?Mr Thompson: Oh, only a few days, since Monday and I am sorry to say we have to return tomorrow.Mr Robinson: Is it your first visit to London?Mr Thompson: It's my wife's first visit, but I've been here several times before. I have to come over at least once a year on business and I feel quite at home in London.Mr Robinson: And what do you think of London, Mrs Thompson?Mrs Thompson: Oh, I think it's a wonderful place.Mr Robinson: What are your plans for tonight? What about coming to our place?Mr Thompson: Thank you, but I'm afraid we can't. We are leaving tomorrow morning and we've got a lot of things to do. Next time, perhaps.///. Report the following joke:An old lady was going to take a taxi. "Driver", she said, "I want you to take me to the station." "Yes, madam," said the driver. "And you must drive slowly and carefully. Don't go until the policeman lowers his arm, and, please, don't rush round the corners as the road is very wet." The taxi-driver was getting angry. "All right, madam," he said. "But if we do have an accident, what hospital would you like to be taken to?"IV. Translate into English:1. Вчера у меня был выходной день. Я предложила Ане сходить в кино, но она отказалась, сказав, что готовится к экзамену по немецкому языку. Мы договорились, что сходим в кино на следующей неделе. 2. Преподаватель спросил меня, почему я пропустил так много занятий. Я ответил, что я уезжал в командировку. 3. Когда я собирался уходить, мой брат напомнил мне, чтобы в следующий раз я принес ему свой русско-испанский словарь. Он сказал, что ему нужно перевести статью по электронике. Я ответил, что приду к нему через два дня и пообещал, что не забуду о его просьбе. 4. Когда я вернулся домой, мой сын уже спал. Я хотел поговорить с ним, но жена сказала, чтобы я не будил его, потому что он очень устал, так как целый вечер чинил автомобиль. 5. Врач посоветовал мне, чтобы я проводил больше времени на свежем воздухе и не ложился спать поздно. 6. Нина поинтересовалась, пойду ли я на вечер, и я ответила, что пойду.UNIT 15 TOPIC: HOTELTEXT. LONDON HOTELSThere are plenty of good hotels in London and you're nearly always sure of finding a room in one of them. Still if you don't want to be disappointed, especially during the holiday season, it's better to reserve a room beforehand. You'll find London hotels just the same as in all large cities. You enter a large entrance hall or lounge and go to the reception desk. The reception clerk will tell you which is your room, what floor it is on and will give you the key. You will sign the register and give your luggage to the porter who will take it up in the lift to your room. If you need some help you can call the chambermaid by the room telephone. There is usually a laundry and a dry cleaning service at the hotel. You can have your clothes cleaned, washed, ironed and delivered within 24 hours.The people in the office will always help you if you don't know your way about the town. They'll tell you where to go and what to see. They'll book seats for you at the theatre and do all they can to make your stay a pleasant one.If you want a guide to show you round, or an interpreter for a business interview, they'll get you one. If you have to write business letters and can type, they'll provide you with a typewriter. If, on the other hand, you prefer to dictate your letter, they will get you a short-hand typist. If your wife is going to be with you she'll find plenty to amuse her. She'll be able to spend her time looking at the shops while you're busy.Comprehension/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:What is registration at a hotel like? What services can you get at London hotels?//. Read the text, analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.Special Difficulties/. Make up sentences with the word combination "to be sure of doing smth.":e.g. She/get a visa208209

She is sure of getting a visa.1. He/win the prize 2. She/pass the exam 3. I/book a ticket 4. She/get a rise 5. I/find a room 6. He/marry her 7. She/meet him at the party 8. He/get the money//. Answer the questions:

e.g. A: Do you clean the windows yourself? B: No, I have them cleaned.1. Did you paint the house yourself? 2. Do you cut the grass yourself? 3. Does he wash his car himself? 4. Does she polish the floors herself? 5. Are you going to shorten the trousers yourself? 6. Are you going to cut down the tree yourself? 7. Did you repair the clock yourself? 8. Do you sharpen the knives yourself? 9. Does he tune his piano himself? 10. Does she sweep the stairs herself? 11. Did he build the new garage himself? 12. Did he plant the trees himself? 13. Is she translating the book herself? 14. Did she make the suit herself? e.g. A: Did she have the window repaired? B: No, she repaired it herself.1. Did she have the coat shortened? 2. Does she have her carpets cleaned? 3. Does the manager have the accounts checked? 4. Did you have the ceiling whitewashed? 5. Did he have his tooth taken out? 6. Did they have the tree cut down? 7. Did you have your coat cleaned? 8. Are you going to have your house repaired?///. Ask someone at the hotel to have your laundry done, to have a blouse or shirt ironed, to have your car looked at or repaired, to have a rollaway bed moved into your room, to have a call to Minsk dialled by the hotel switchboard operator and to have a table reserved for dinner. The hotel employees should assure their partners that it will be done immediately.Text ExercisesI.Ask and answer questions on the text.2. Speak on the London hotels.Conversation Practice/. Listen to the dialogues, read and learn them:Have You Got Any Vacancies for Tonight?1. — I wonder whether you have any vacancies for tonight. — Yes, I can offer you room 24 on the first floor.210— How much is it?— 5.90 a night excluding service.— Can I see it, please?— Certainly. Would you take a seat for a moment?2. — Have you a single room for two nights?— Yes, but only on the top floor.— What price is it?— 6.50 with service and TV.— Fair enough. Can you show me the room, please?— Of course. Would you like to follow me'3. — Can I book a double room from now until Friday?— You can have room 33 overlooking the sea.— What's the price?— 8 pounds not counting the service.— Can I have a look at it, please?— Yes, of course. Come this way.4. — Have you got a twin-bedded room for one night? - I can let you have a room on the second floor.— What does it cost?— With a private bath, 9.25, service included.— Can you show me something a little cheaper?— Yes, of course. I won't keep you a moment.5. — Good afternoon. I'd like a room for a few nights.— Single or double?— Single, please.— We've got a nice single room with bath on the second floor.— Is that an inside or an outside room?— It's an inside room facing the park. It's light and comfortable and only 9 pounds a night.— All right. I'll take it.6. Clerk: Caravan Hotel, good evening.Jim: Hi! I was wondering if you have a double room fortonight? Clerk: Oh, I'm sorry. I'm afraid we have no vacancies at thistime.Jim: Okay, thanks anyway. Clerk: You might try the Flamingo Motel. It's near the airporton Sunday Boulevard. Jim: Okay, thanks. Clerk: Anytime.7. Clerk: Good evening, Flamingo Motel.Jim: Yes, I wanted to know if you have a double room fortonight?Clerk: Yes, we do. Jim: Oh, good! Do you have one with a waterbed?211Clerk: Let me check... yes, we do, for 45 a nightJim: Yes, that'll be fine. Can you hold it for me? My name's

Goldschmidt. Clerk: Yes, I can hold it for you until 6.00 with no obligationson your part. Do you know how to get here? Jim: Yes, I do, thanks. It should take us about twenty minutes,I think.Clerk: Fine, Mr Goldschmidt. We'll have the room for you. Jim: Thank you.//. Mr and Mrs Butt are booking in a hotel. Mr Butt is talking to the receptionist. Mrs Butt, who is a little deaf, doesn't hear the conversation clearly and asks her husband afterwards, who reports the receptionist's requests.R: Could you show me your passport, please?B: She asked me to show her my passport.1. Please, fill up this form. 2 Would you sign the register, please? 3. Please, write down the number of your car. 4. Please, don't leave anything valuable in the car. 5. Please, don't park outside the hotel. 6. Would you put your car in the hotel garage? 7. Please, don't smoke in the garage. 8. Would you please read the Fire Instructions? 9. Please, don't allow your children to play with the lift. 10. Please, tell me if you'd like an early call. 11. Could you let me know if you are going to be in for dinner? 12. Don't bring your dog into the dining room, please 13. Would you hang your keys on this board when you are going out? 14 Could you vacate your room by noon on the day you are leaving? 15. Ring for room service if you want anything. 16. Would you inform the hall porter if you're going to be out late? 17. Please, don't make too much noise after midnight./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Checking inMr Hudson- Have you a single room for a few nights? Receptionist: We i.ave a cheerful sunny room with private bathon the sixth floor. Mr Hudson: That would be quite satisfactory if the rate is not toohigh. Receptionist: Our rates are very low. The room is spacious andonly 9 pounds a day.Mr Hudson: I'm afraid that is a little too high. Receptionist: Wf have another room on the twelfth floor. It isa little smaller, but it is cosy and costs only 7 poundsa day.212Mr Hudson: Is there a bathroom in the room?Receptionist: Yes, there is a bathroom with a shower, a TV set and a fridgeMr Hudson: That's fine. I'll take it. That will save me a little money. Shall I pay in advance?Receptionist: No, you needn't. How long are you going to stay, Mr Hudson?Mr Hudson: Not too long, about a week I guess.Receptionist: Please, sign the register, Mr Hudson.Mr Hudson: Where do I sign?Receptionist: Just here, sir — full name, home address and signature.Mr Hudson: Right — there you are.Receptionist: Thank you, sir. I think you'll find the room comfortable. Here's the key.Mr Hudson: Thanks. Where's the restaurant?Receptionist: It's over there, across the lounge. Besides, there are coffee-stalls and snack-bars on every floor of the hotel.Mr Hudson: Can I have breakfast in the room?Receptionist: No problem. You can order it by phone.Mr Hudson: Sorry, one more thing — what facilities are there in the hotel?Receptionist: There's a barber's and a hairdresser's, a foreign currency bank, a post-office, a dry cleaner'» and a laundry. All of them are on the ground floorMr Hudson: Thank you You've been very helpful.Receptionist: I wish you a pleasant stay at our hotel, sirQuestions: What room does Mr Hudson want? Does the roomon the sixth floor suit him? Why not? What is the room on the12 th floor like? Does it suit Mr Hudson?//. Ask detailed questions on the conversation. Answer the questions.III. Give a brief account of the conversation.IV. Role-play the conversation.V. Situation: You've corne to a hotel to book a room for a few days. The hotel has got some vacancies but still you find it diffirult to choose a room. One of them is too expensive, another is loo noisy, the third is not comfortable enough. Finally you make your choice./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:213I've got a ReservationReceptionist: Good afternoon, sir.Mr Hunt: Good afternoon. Is this the Beardsley Hotel? Receptionist: Yes, this is the Beardsley. Mr Hunt: Good. I'm Mr Hunt. We've got a reservation. Receptionist: Just a minute, please... Yes, you've got a reservation. It's for five people. It's for three weeks. Threesingle rooms and one double. Am I right? Mr Hunt: No. You're not right. We'd like two double rooms

and one single room. Receptionist: I'm sorry. Two double rooms, numbers six and seven.One single room, number nine. Mr Hunt: Where are the rooms? Receptionist: On the second floor.Please, sign the register, Mr Hunt. Mr Hunt: Here's the register. How much are the rooms,please? Receptionist: A single room's six pounds. A double room's eightpounds. Would you like a television in the room? Mrs Hunt: Yes, please. Mr Hunt and I would like a television.We'd like a telephone, too. Receptionist: Every room's got a telephone. Mrs Hunt: Have the rooms got bathrooms? Receptionist: Yes, every room's got a bathroom. Mr Hunt: Have the bathrooms got showers? Receptionist: Yes, every bathroom's got a shower. Mr Hunt: Good.Receptionist: Are you going to the rooms now? Mr Hunt: Yes, we're going now. Send two cups of coffee to theroom, please.Mrs Hunt: And three lemonades.Mr Hunt: Yes, two cups of coffee and three lemonades. Receptionist: Yes, sir Here are the keys, Mr Hunt. Jim, takethe Hunts to rooms six, seven and nine. Jim: Come this way, please.Questions: At what hotel are the Hunts going to stay? Have they got a reservation? What rooms have they reserved? Where are the rooms? How much are they? What are the rooms like? What do the Hunts ask the receptionist to do?//. Give a brief account of the conversation III. Cover the text and say~ how Mr Hunt asked about the location of the rooms/how the receptionist answered214— how the clerk offered a television/how Mrs Hunt answered— how Mrs Hunt asked about the bathrooms/how the clerk answeredIV. Role-play the conversation.V. Situation: You are in the lobby of a big hotel speaking to the receptionist. A few days ago you phoned and asked to reserve a single room for you./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: I'm Unhappy About My RoomReceptionist: Yes, sir! Can I help you?Antonio: I have a room reservation, er...Receptionist: What name is it?Antonio: Antonio Machado.Receptionist: I see, a double room was it?Antonio: No, a single room with bath.Receptionist: Uh Huh! Could you just wait a minute? I'll lookat the reservations book. Ah yes! Here we are!How long will you be staying? Antonio: I'll be staying for two weeks, er, from today untilthe tenth of October. ' Receptionist: Right, sir, if you'll just write your home address andsign here.Antonio: Is that all right?Receptionist: Fine, sir! Here's your key — room 413 — I'll call thehall porter to take your luggage up. I hope you'llenjoy your stay. Antonio: Thank you. The room costs 12 pounds, doesn't it3 Receptionist: That's right, sir, excluding service charges and tax.(A few minutes later)Receptionist: Reception.Antonio: Can I speak to the head receptionist, please?Receptionist: Speaking.Antonio: Ah! This is Antonio Machado, room 413.Receptionist: Yes, sir. What can I do for you?Antonio: Look, I'm sorry but I'm very unhappy about my roori.Receptionist: Really, sir? What's the problem?Antonio: When I booked the room I asked for a single roomwith bath. Receptionist: Yes, sir?215Antonio: Well, it's a single room but it's got no bath, justa shower.Receptionist: That's strange, sir! Antonio: Yes, it is! What's more, it's very small and I askedfor a quiet room. This room is very noisy, indeed' Receptionist: Noisy, sir? Antonio: Yes, very noisy. I asked for a room facing the park,not facing the street, and there isn't a TV in the room.I asked for a room with a TV... Receptionist: Just a minute, sir. I think I've got it. Could youtell me the number of your room, again? Antonio: My room number?Receptionist: Yes, sir. Antonio: Er — 413 — why? Receptionist: 413 — ah! That's it. You should be in four-oh-three'Sorry, sir, it's our mistake. Antonio: What! I'm in the wrong room? I see. Oh! That's

all right then. I'm sorry. Receptionist: No, I'm sorry... It's our fault, I mean, my faultI really do apologize. I'll send the head porter upright away.Questions: Has Antonio got a reservation? What room did he ask for? What room did he get? Why?//. Give a brief account of the two conversations.III. Role-play the conversations.IV. Situation: Not long ago you reserved a double room at the Park Hotel. You asked for an inside room with a fridge and a shower, but you've got an outside room facing a noisy street. The room has got neither a refrigerator nor a shower. You phone the reception and settle the problem./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Do You Have a Credit Card?Clerk: Hi! Can I help you?Martin: Yes, we had a reservation for this weekend.Clerk: All right, what was the name, sir?Martin: Baum, Martin Baum.Clerk: Baum... Baum... Oh, yes, here it is. A double for twonights? Martin: Yes, that's right. But we were wondering... would youhappen to have a suite available this weekend, somethingwith a living area and a kitchenette?216Clerk: Well, the only one that's available this weekend is $ 140a night.Martin: I see. That's pretty high... Clerk: You know, sir, this double is more than twenty feet square,and it has a refrigerator. Martin: Oh, really? That sounds fine, then. What do you say,Sally?Sally: Sounds good to me, too.Clerk: Good, the double then. Do you have a credit card, sir? Martin: No, I'll be paying cash. Clerk: Then I'll have to ask you to pay in advance. Fifty-fivea night, plus $ 8 tax comes to $ 126. And would youfill out this registration form, please? Here's a pen.Just your name, address and the make and license numberof your car.Martin: OK... here you are. And travellers checks for $ 130. Clerk: Fine, Mr Baum. Here's $ 4 change. Check-out time is12.00 noon. The bellman will take you up... Harvey! Room615... If you need anything, just let me know. Martin: Thank you. Good night.//. Ask and answer questions on the conversation.III. Find in the text appropriate English phrases for the following:Я буду платить наличными. Тогда мне придется попросить вас заплатить заблаговременно. 55 долларов в сутки. V вас случайно нет свободного люкса на этой неделе' Понимаю. Это довольно высокая цена. Если вам понадобится что-нибудь, дайте мне знать. Расчетное время — 12 часов. Пожалуйста, заполните регистрационную карточку. Это звучит неплохо. У нас заказан номер на эти выходные.IV. Give a brief account of the conversation.V. Role-play the conversation.VI. Situation: You are at the reception desk. A few days ago you sent a letter and asked to reserve a single room for you. But there's an international conference in the city and the hotel is full up. The clerk offers you a bed in a double room. You don't like it but there is no way out. You ask the clerk some questions about the room and the services at the hotel./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:217Isn't the Hotel Enormous!Mr Gunther: Isn't this hotel enormous!Mr Black: It is not only very large, but also very popular because it is centrally located. From here you can reach any part of the city by underground or busMr Gunther: How many guests does this hotel accomodate^Mr Black: I do not know exactly, but 1 believe that there are twenty-five floors, and it must have room for several hundred guests.Mr Gunther: Are all the rooms usually occupied?Mr Black: Yes. Very often I have been unable to obtain acco-modation for my friends.Mr Gunther: Then we were fortunate enough to get a room for as little as 9 pounds. How are the meals, and are the prices reasonable?Mr Black: The hotel is known for its excellent cuisine and moderate prices. The dining-room is so beautifully decorated that you will enjoy eating there.Mr Gunther: Is there music during the meals?Mr Black: Yes, a famous orchestra plays sweet dinner music and its imported and domestic wines leave unfor-gettable taste. Let's have our first meal this evening at the hotel. You and Mrs Gunther will be our guestsMr Gunther: We shall be glad to accept your invitation.

Mr Black: We'll meet you at the hotel lobby at 6.30.Mr Gunther: That's splendid. That will give us an hour to restand change our clothes. We'll see you then at 6.30.Questions: What is the hotel like? Why is the hotel popular?How many guests does it accomodate? Why does Mr Guntherthink they were fortunate enough to get a room at the hotePWhat is the hotel known for? Where does Mr Black invite hisfriends?//. Give a brief account of the conversation. II. Role-play the conversation.IV. You're on business in London. You are staying at a modern fashionable hotel. You like the hotel and your room. You phone your wife to tell her where you are staying. She asks you some questions about the hotel and your room./. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Can You Help Me?Clerk: Front desk. 218Martin: Hello. This is Martin Baum. The bathroom light in myroom doesn't work. Could you have somebody come upand take a look at it, please? Clerk: Oh, of course, Mr Baum. What room number was that,please?Martin: Room 615.Clerk. Okay, I'll have a man up there in a minute. Martin: Fine. And another thing — I don't seem to have a roomservice menu. Is there one? Clerk: Yes, there is. We have 24-hour room service. I'm sorryabout that. I'll have a room service waiter bring youa menu up right away. Martin: Thanks.Clerk: If you need anything else, just let me know Martin: I will. Good night. Clerk: Good night.Questions: What's wrong with Martin's bathroom? What else does he ask the clerk to do?//. Cover the conversation. Then tell your partner exactly what Martin said when he— complained about the bathroom light— asked the clerk to have someone look at the light.— said he didn't have a room service menu./// Role-play the conversation.IV. Situation: You are staying at a hotel. There's something wrong with the bath. It doesn't hold water. There is only one blanket on the bed. You want two. Besides you've got some laundry to do. You phone room service for help.Listening At the Hotel"We want a room on the first floor", I said. "Certainly, sir," the hotel manager answered. "Have you a room with a private bathroom?" I asked. "Yes, sir," the hotel manager said. "Here are the keys to number twenty one."I took the keys and my wife and I went upstairs. We unlocked the door of number 21 and went into the loom. We shut the door and put our cases on the floor. "Listen", my wife said. "There's a man in the room. He's singing." "You're rght!" I said. "He's in the bathroom."I knocked at the door of the bathroom The singing stopped.219"Who is it?" a voice asked. "This is our room", I answered. "What are you doing here'" "Your room!" the voice answered angrily "This is my room. Please, go away! I'm taking a bath.""I'll call the manager", my wife said. Just then the door opened and the manager came in." I'm very sorry", he said. "I made a mistake. Your room is next door. Here are the keys to number twenty-two."Questions: On what floor was the writer's room? What was its number? Was the room vacant? What did the manager say^A Millionaire at the HotelThis is a story about a well-known millionaire who did not like to spend even small sums of money. One day he went to stay at a hotel in New York. He asked for the cheapest room they had. He said: "What is the price of the room?" The manager told him "And what floor is it on?" He asked the manager again. The manager told him. "Is this the cheapest room you have? I'm staying here by myself and only need a small room." The manager told him that that was the smallest room they had. "But why do you take the cheapest room like that? When your son stays here he always has the most expensive room." "Yes", answered the millionaire, "but his father is a rich man and mine is not."Questions: Why was the manager of the hotel surprised' What explanation did the millionaire give?The Power of ImaginationMr Brown got to a hotel late in the evening after a long journey. He asked the desk-clerk whether there were any vacant rooms in the hotel. At that moment another traveller came to the hotel and asked the desk-clerk for a room tooThe only vacant room was a double one. "Do you mind spending the night in that room together?" the desk-clerk asked. At first the travellers didn't like the idea, but just then it began raining hard and they were too tired to go to another hotel, so they changed their minds. Their things were carried in and soon the two men went to sleep.Suddenly a loud \oice woke Mr Brown up. It was quite dark "What's the matter'" Mr Brown asked in surprise. In a

weak voice the second traveller answered: "I'm sorry, but I had to wake you up. I've got astma. I feel very bad. In addition I've got a terrible headache. If you don't want me to die, open the window quickly."Mr Brown jumped out of bed and began looking for matches,220but he couldn't find them in the dark, and the sick man went on: "Air, air, I want fresh air. I'm dying."Mr Brown still couldn't find the matches, so he tried to find the window. It took him some time, and at last he thought he had found it But he couldn't open it. As the voice of the traveller became weaker and weaker, Mr Brown took a chair and broke the window with it. The sick man immediately stopped moaning and said he felt much better Then the two of them slept peacefully until morning.V/hen they woke up next morning they were surprised to see that the only window in the room was closed but the large looking-glass was broken to pieces.Questions: What woke Mr Brown up? What happened to Mr Brown's neighbour? What did Mr Brown begin to look for? Why did Mr Brown break the window? How did the travellers spend the rest of the night? Why were they surprised in the morning?Reading Places to StayHow do you go about finding a place to stay? Well, plenty of hotels advertise at airports. If you arrive by train or car, probably the best thing to do is look in the Yellow Pages under Hotel, Motel or Lodging. You can start by comparing the services offered in their ads. In any case, you'll have to call them and see if they have the kind of room you're looking for.Places to stay may be called hotels, motels or motor hotels, inns, lodges or resorts. They are all similar. Motels have plenty of parking space and are usually near a freeway or highway. Inns are usually like motels. Lodges and resorts, or resort hotels, are in the mountains, on the coast, or near lakes.Beds -that's right, beds -also go by many different names. Starting with the smallest, there are single, twin, double, queen and king size ones. "Long boys" are for exceptionally tall people At some hotels, queen beds are the smallest size used, so a double room has two of them Some hotels even offer their guests waterbeds. A roll-away can be moved into a room to sleep an extra person. Hide-a-beds are sofas that fold out to make beds.People who prefer camping to staying in hotels will have a hard time in American cities, because most of them don't have campgrounds nearby. You can camp in state and national parks, though, which generally have facilities for both tents and trailers.221Here are some more helpful things to know.Who should you tip at a hotel? The bellman gets $ I per bag for taking your luggage to your room. Maids usually don't expect a tip, but if you stay more than a few days or if your maid does something special for you, a $ 2 tip is a good idea. Room service waiters should get 15 % of a bill.You may want to avoid some motels that advertise "in-room movies" or "in-house films". These are usually X-rated, or pornographic, films.•Lots of hotels have special facilities for conventions — large and small meeting rooms, banquet rooms, PA (public address) systems and so on. They may also offer guests attending the convention special rates on services.Electricity in North America is 110 volts (60 Herz) — not 220 This means you won't be able to use your hair dryer or your electric razor unless you can change it to 110 volts.When telephoning from your hotel room, you will often have to go through the hotel switchboard, especially for long distance calls. These calls can be quite expensive, because the hotel usually adds a high service charge to the calls you make. On the other hand, local calls can generally be made from your room by dialling direct. You can also ask the hotel receptionist to give you a wake up call in the morning.If your hotel does not have a laundry service, maybe you can find a laundromat nearby, which might even be open 24 hours a day. You will need exact change to operate the washing machines and dryers.You will always find soap, towels and linen in hotel and motel rooms in the US.Mr Thompson at the HotelMr Thompson had to go to Manchester on business. He had not been there for years. He thought of going by car, but he did not like the idea of driving for several hours on busy roads, so in the end he decided to take a train. As he was unable to catch an early train, it was late in the evening when he arrived in Manchester.Feeling tired after his journey, he chose a hotel near the station. He went to the reception desk and asked the clerk if there was a single room, with bath. "Certainly, sir", the clerk said "I hope there is plenty of hot water", Mr Thompson said. He was looking forward to a hot bath after his journey. "Of course, sir", the clerk said. "Room forty-nine. I'll get the porter to take up your luggage." Mr Thompson was not a mean man, but he had made his money the hard way, and he did not believe in tipping people222for doing things that he could do himself. "Don't bother", he said. "I've got one suitcase. I can manage myself." "All right, sir. Here's your key. Your room is on the fourth floor, number forty-nine." "The fourth floor? I'd rather use the lift then." "The lift is out of order, sir, I'm afraid. It has been for the last fortnight." "In that case, 1 shall need the porter after all." The reception clerk looked at his watch. "He's just gone off duty", he said. "He went just now, while we were talking. The night porter hasn't arrived yet."Mr Thompson's face began to feel hot, which was a sign that he was getting annoyed. Picking up his suitcase he

made his way up four flights of stairs to his room, which he found to be extremely small and untidy. He felt like a drink, so he picked up the phone: "Will you send a whisky and soda to room forty-nine?"Fifteen minutes passed and no drink arrived. He phoned down a second time: "This is room forty-nine again. Where's the whisky I ordered some time ago? I'd like it straightaway." Suddenly feeling suspicious, he went into the bathroom and turned on the hot tap. No hot water came out. In fact, no water came out at all. By this time his face was feeling very hot, so he went to the wash basin in his bedroom and splashed some cold water on it. He waited. Still no drink. Then he noticed that the water was still in the basin It had not drained away. The pipes must be clogged. This was the last straw. He used the phone again. "I demand to see the manager," he said. "At once."After twenty minutes the manager appeared. "Can I help you, sir?" he said. "I wish to make a complaint about the service and the conditions in this hotel," Mr Thompson said. "There are no porters. The lift is out of order. My room is no bigger than a rabbit-hutch, and it is dirty. I have phoned twice for a drink, but no drink has come. I was assured that there would be hot water, and there isn't any. And now, to crown it all, the wash-basin is blocked."The manager looked at the wash-basin for some minutes. He smelt strongly of beer. "That is very strange," he said. He put his hand into the water and got out a small object. Mr Thompson heard the sound of water draining away. The manager smiled triumphantly: "You forgot to remove the plug, sir," he said. "You see, there is absolutely nothing wrong with our hotel."Self check/. Translate into English:— Здравствуйте. Моя фамилия Кент. На прошлой неделе я заказал одноместный номер в вашей гостинице.— Минуточку. Да, сэр, мы получили ваше письмо. Я могу223предложить вам номер 46 на третьем этаже.— Есть ли в номере душ?— Да, душ и ванна.— Это хорошо. Надеюсь, что в комнате есть и телефон.— Да, во всех номерах в нашей гостинице есть телефон.— Это очень удобно. Мне нужно сделать несколько телефонных звонков. Сколько стоит номер?— 50 долларов в сутки.— Хорошо. Я возьму этот номер.— Тогда, пожалуйста, заполните регистрационную карточку— Хорошо. Когда у вас подают завтрак?— С 7 до 9.30.— Есть ли в гостинице почта?— Нет, но она совсем рядом, на другой стороне улицы.— Спасибо.Fluency/. Answer the questions:Do you like to stay at a hotel? What are visitors required to do first when they arrive at a hotel? What information is required from you when you are signing in at a hotel? What services does a guest get at a modern hotel? What is meant by the term "bed and breakfast"? What is the usual rate for a single (double) room in this country? What are the duties of the reception clerk (chambermaid, porter)? What is the best hotel in your city? Why do you think so?When did you stay at a hotel last? Where? What is the hotel like? Is it difficult to get accomodation in that hotel? Did you reserve a room in advance? How much did it cost? Describe how you registered at the hotel. Did you like your room? What was it like? Did you have your meals at the hotel? How did you find the cooking? Were the prices reasonable? What was the service like? Was there a dry-cleaner's service at the hotel? Have you ever been abroad? Did you put up at a hotel? How did you find the hotel and the service there?//. Describe one of the hotels you stayed at.III. What will you say in the following situations:\. You are at the reception desk of a hotel. You want a double room for three days. You ask... 2. You want to know the price of the room you are offered. You ask... 3. The desk-clerk wants to offer you a room on the second floor. She/he says... 4. You are a guest at a hotel. You want the receptionist to give you a wake up call in the morning. You ring up the reception desk and say... 5. You want to have your shirt washed and your jacket cleanedWhen the chambermaid comes you say... 6. You are leaving the hotel and you want your luggage to be taken down. You phone the reception clerk and say... 7. You want to have a telephone in your room and you ask the clerk... 8. You don't know whether there is a bathroom in your room and you ask... 9. You want to have breakfast at the hotel and you ask...IV. Act out the following situations:1. The room the desk clerk gave you is occupied. You've returned to the reception desk to clear up the matter.2. There are some hotels in Minsk. Your English colleague asks you what hotel you can recommend him. You give him some advice.3. You've come to Washington on business. Your friend recommended you to stay at the Ramada Hotel. You call the hotel and ask whether it is possible to get accomodation there. They've got some vacancies. They promise to hold a room for you till 2 o'clock.4. You've come to the only hotel in the town to book a room for a few nights. The hotel is full up, the clerk says. You are in despair. The clerk asks you to come at 12 o'clock. If somebody checks out, they might give you a room.

WritingI. Write a similar letter on this pattern to a hotel reserving a room in advance:The Manager, Seascape Hotel, Marine Parade, Brighton, Sussex, EnglandDear Sir,I would like to book two rooms at your hotel for four nights from July 27th to July 3lst. I would like one double room and one single room both with baths.Yours faithfully, Peter SchnellingII. You are in London on business. You are staying at a big fashionable hotel. In your letter home you write a lot about the hotel and the services at the hotel.///. Write a conversation for this situation: 1. Robert Wilson arrives at a hotel late at night. His secretary has booked a room for him there.2242252. He apologises for arriving so late (his plane was delayed).3. The hotel clerk smiles and looks through the guest list (the list of people who are staying at the hotel or who have reserved rooms).4. The clerk begins to look worried, says that Wilson's name is not on the list and that there are no rooms free that evening.5. Wilson is sure the clerk is wrong about this.6. The clerk checks the guest list again and suddenly notices 'that there is a room reserved for "R. Wilton". The clerk saysthat someone has spelt Wilson's name wrongly and apologises The clerk calls a porter who takes Wilson's luggage to his roomUNIT 16 GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICEIllustrative Situations/. Compare the following situations:Mr Smith teaches well, (the subject is the doer of the action, the verb "teach" is in the Active Voice) The students are taught well, (the subject is the receiver of the action; it is acted upon, the verb "teach" is in the Passive Voice)The Passive is used:a) to give factual information:The musical "Cats" is based on the poems of T. S. Eliot. It was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber.b) when what is/was done is more important than who is doing/did the action:Wine from California is exported to France.c) to introduce general opinions:It is now recognised as one of the most successful musicals of all time.d) to express rules. Smoking is not allowed here.It is forbidden to walk on the grass.e) to describe processes: Bread is made from flourThe doer of the action in the passive constructions is introduced by the preposition "by". It is very seldom used.When Mrs Brown was crossing the street she was stopped b> a policeman. Nowadays washing is done by washing-machinesHere are some examples of the other tense forms used in the Passive Voice: I. I think Jack will be invited to the party.2262. You won't be allowed to use these books.3 The school was built in 1867. The rooms are small and dark and it looks like a prison. It is still being used although the local authorities have recently promised it will be pulled down.4. Yesterday on my way home I dropped into the repair shop. I wanted to find out if my typewriter was ready. But it was still being repaired. They asked me to come in two days.5. Richard's wife saw very good alarm clocks at special prices in a department store last week. She has gone back there today, but ail the clocks are gone. "I'm sorry, Madam", the salesgirl is saying. "All the clocks have been sold".6. Patrick Connor has gone back to Ireland for a few days. Dublin has changed a lot. Patrick is talking to an old friend now. "A lotof fine old buildings have been pulled down!" he says.7. The chief engineer invited the heads of the departments to his office. He wished to know if his instructions had been carried out.8. When I arrived the family were in the sitting-room. Tea had been cleared away and the curtains had been drawn. The wife and husband were going to watch TV. Mary, their daughter, was looking for something in the book-case. Her brother Robert was making a telephone call to his friend.9. Come at 11, please. The papers will have been signed by that time.SIMPLE PRESENT PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:

1. The post is delivered every morning. 2. Steel sinks when it is put into water. 3. Smoking is not allowed here. 4. He is often sent parcels. 5 Coffee is imported from Brazil. 6. Wine is produced in many parts of France. 7. Accidents are often caused by carelessness. 8. Newspapers are sold at the newsagent's. 9. Clothes are washed at the launderette. 10. Films are shown at the cinema. 11. Bread is sold at the baker's. 12. Milk goes sour when it is left for three days. 13. Your report is highly spoken of. 14. The children are well looked after. 15. The machines are inspected every day. 15. Flowers die when they are not watered. 16. Lost time is never found again. 17. This article is often referred to. 18. He is paid a lot of money for his work. 19. What is made at this factory? 20. When is breakfast served here? 21. Where are bananas sold? 22. Who is invited to their parties? 23. What foreign languages are you taught at the Institute? 24. Are you allowed to use this library?227//. Substitute the stimulus nouns:e.g. This museum is visited by thousands of people every year, (gallery)This gallery is visited by thousands of people every year.1. These articles are recommended for your work, (journals) 2. The documents are kept in the safe, (the money) 3. Many books are received by this library, (magazines) 4. New schools are built in our city every year, (offices) 5 Butter is made from milk, (cheese) 6. Books are published there, (newspapers)///. Substitute the stimulus verbs:e.g. The library is opened at 9. (close) The library is closed at 9.1. The hall is cleaned on Saturday, (wash) 2. She is often sent interesting books, (give) 3. The documents are signed by Mrs Smith, (photo-copy) 4. Bread is bought at the baker's, (sell) 5. Meat is kept in the fridge, (put) 6. Trucks are produced at this plant, (make)IV. Paraphrase the following sentences. Give two variants if possible.e.g. They often show us foreign films at the Institute.We are often shown foreign films at the Institute.Foreign films are often shown to us at the Institute. 1. They grow rice in this area. 2. They publish newspapers here. 3. They deliver mail in the morning. 4. They import tea from India. 5. They sell shoes in that shop. 6. They speak Italian in Italy. 7. They produce butter on farms. 8. They often send us letters 9. They pay him a lot of money. 10. They don't allow us to smoke here. 11. They teach English, French and German at the courses. 12. They build a lot of houses in our town every year. 13. They hold conferences in the assembly-hall. 14. They give us three lessons a day. 15. They don't tell us about their work. 16. They announce news every day. 17. They make lorries at that plantV. Give negative answers to the following questions:e.g. — Does Mrs Green deliver the post?— No, the post isn't delivered by Mrs Green. 1. Does Mary type the documents? 2. Does the chief engineer sign the papers? 3. Does Jack repair the type-writers, too? 4. Does the boss write the letters himself? 5. Do the teachers prepare the lunch? 6. Does the secretary dictate the letters? 7. Do the salesmen inspect the machines?228VI. Ask general questions.e.g. — Mr Smith is often sent to London on business. (Mr White)— Is Mr White often sent to London, too? 1 We are given a lot of work to do. (you) 2. We are allowed to use this laboratory, (you) 3. Footwear is sold in this shop, (textile) 4. They are taught Spanish. (French) 5. Bags are repaired there, (umbrellas) 6. Rice is grown here, (wheat)VII. Ask special questions:e.g. Breakfast is served early here, (when) When is breakfast served here?1. They are taught two foreign languages, (what foreign languages) 2. This journal is not published in Minsk, (where) 3. She is sometimes sent money orders, (how often) 4. Mr Brown is highly paid, (how much) 5. This work is not done by Mr Brown, (by whom) 6. The library is closed late, (when) 7. We are not invited to their parties, (who)VIII. Make up sentences using the passive voice:e.g. Books — sell — bookshopBooks are sold in that bookshop.1. We — pay — twice a month 2. Coffee — serve — in the morning 3. Meetings — hold — that hall 4. Tickets — usually — book — in advance. 5. Letters — deliver — a postman 6. He — often — send — abroad 7. These taperecorders — use — our students 8. Important problems — discuss — our meetings 9. English — speak — AustraliaIX. Translate into English (self check):1. Какой иностранный язык преподают в вашем институте? 2. Интересно, где издается этот журнал. 3. Я думаю, что эти книги продаются во всех магазинах. 4. Что производится на этой фабрике? 5. Этот список статей рекомендуется для вашей работы. 6. В нашем институте часто демонстрируются зарубежные фильмы. 7. В котором часу закрывается библиотека? 8. Нам не разрешается выносить книги из читального зала. 9. Почту доставляют сюда самолетом? 10. Сегодня ожидается много гостей 11. Ему часто присылают письма. 12. Что продается в этом магазине? 13. Сколько вам здесь платят? 14. Где обычно проводятся собрания? Какие проблемы на них обсуждаются? 15. Где хранятся документы? Кем подписываются

документы?229SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:\. Those paintings were sold for 500 pounds each 2 That's a good book. It was written by George Orwell. 3. I was offered an interesting job yesterday. 4. The doctor was immediately sent for 5. His car was not fixed in time, so he couldn't go to the city 6. Ro me wasn't built in a day. 7. Some coffee was brought to our room 8. The car was parked there. 9. I was frightened to death when I drove through Paris last month. 10. He was asked to give a speech at the party. 11. The woman was taken to hospital. 12. Our car was stopped because we were driving too fast. 13. He couldn't get into the room as the door was locked. 14. The ring was no! found. 15. The article was much talked about. 16. Everything wa~, done in time. 17. The letters were not signed yesterday. 18. I was given a book as a present.//. Substitute the stimulus words:e.g.: The watch was sold yesterday morning, (ring) The ring was sold yesterday morning.1. Mary was given a ten days' leave. (John) 2. Mr Black was sent a visa. (Mrs Robinson) 3. The letter was brought in the evening, (telegram) 4. The key was lost some days ago. (book) 5. The documents were left in the drawer, (money) 6. The oranges were put into the refrigerator, (apples) 7. Mary was promised help. (Dick)///. Answer the questions:e.g. — I think Mary baked the cakes, didn't she? — Yes, the cakes were baked by Mary1. Betty cleaned the flat, didn't she? 2. Roger sent the parcel, didn't he? 3. I think Lucy typed the article, didn't she? 4. I think Steve photo-copied the papers, didn't he? 5. I think Susan translated the text, didn't she? 6.1 think Donald caught that big fish, didn't he?IV. Transform the following sentences with two objects:e.g. They offered me a job at the hospital. 1 was offered a job at the hospital. A job was offered to me.1. They showed the scientists a new research centre. 2. She gave me a pound of sugar. 3. He told the children fairy-tales 4. They paid him only part of the money. 5. The doctor prescribed me a lot of medicine. 6. They promised us seats in the first row.2307. The doctors advised him to take a long holiday. 8. She recommended me a rest in the south.V. Answer the questions using the prompts:e.g. Who inspects the machines? the man who laughed so much Who explained the joke? the foreman The machines are inspected by the foreman. The joke was explained by the man who laughed so much.1. Who made the biscuits? the manager2. Who wraps the chocolate boxes? my wife3. Who dictated that letter? the girls in the factory4. Who prepared the medicine? the Chocolate Makers' Association5. Who sells the newspapers? his secretary6. Who brought the menu? the chemist7. Who publishes the Chocolate Makers' Magazine? the newsagent8. Who opens Mr Burbank's letters? The waiterVI. Respond to the following:e.g. They didn't ask me any questions. And Jack? Jack wasn't asked any questions either.1. They didn't promise him help. And Robert? 2. They didn't send Dick a visa. And Alec? 3. They didn't invite John to the picnic. And Roger? 4. She didn't inform me about her arrival. And you?5. They didn't tell me the news. And you? 6. He didn't allow me to use his dictionary. And you?VII. Ask your partner when the parcel was brought; what was discussed at the last meeting; what mark he was given at his last English exam; if he is paid well; if he is often sent abroad; when he was last sent a letter; if he is often visited by his friends; what foreign language he was taught at school; by whom the text was translated; when the documents were photo-copied; when the newspaper was delivered; what is produced at that factory; when the tickets were booked; if his dictionary was found; when dinner is served; when the meeting was held; when America was discovered.VIII. Translate into English (self check):1. В прошлом году его не посылали за границу. 2. Когда заказали билеты? 3. Когда доставили почту? 4. Соглашение было подписано 10 марта. 5 Почему ему не сообщили об ее отъезде?6. Где проходила конференция? 7. Когда был построен этот вокзал? 8. Сколько писем было получено вчера? 9. Нас не пригласили на вечер. 10. Мне не предложили билет на концерт. 11. Кем была выполнена эта работа? 12. Гостям показали лабо-231ратории института. 13. Этот вопрос обсуждался на нашем последнем собрании. 14. Документы были отпечатаны в пятницу15. Письмо было написано моим секретарем два дня назад16. О фильме много говорили. 17. Кто перевел эту статью?

SIMPLE FUTURE PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:\. The letters will be sent tomorrow. 2. You will be given a good present for your birthday. 3. The machines will be inspected by the foreman. 4. You will be shown all the places of interest in our town. 5. I think you will be asked to help them. 6. The job will be advertised in the morning paper tomorrow. 7. He hopes he will be sent a visa soon. 8. The report will be typed in an hour. 9. The plan will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. 10. They will be informed about it today. 11. The work won't be finished soon.//. Respond using the prompts:e.g. — When are they going to publish Mr White's book? (next month)— It will be published next month, I think.1. When are they going to send the parcel? (in the morning) 2. When are they going to bring our luggage? (in an hour) 3. When are they going to finish the work? (tomorrow) 4. When are they going to book the tickets? (today) 5. When are they going to pack the luggage? (in the morning) 6. When are they going to translate the text? (in two hours) 7. When are they going to post the letters? (on Friday) 8. When are they going to hold the meeting? (on Mon-day) 9. When are they going to test the device? (the day after tomorrow) 10. When are they going to discuss the plan? (at 10 o'clock)///. Answer the questions:e.g. — They won't invite Alec to the party. And Jack?— Jack won't be invited either.1. They won't take Helen to the cinema. And Susan? 2. They won't send the parcels today. And the letters? 3. They won't bring the records today. And the taperecorder? 4. They won't tell Dick about it. And his wife? 5. They won't deliver the letter today. And the telegram?IV. Ask questions:e.g. — Robert will be taught Spanish. (Clare)— Will Clare be taught Spanish too?232 *1. Steve will be told about it. (Mary) 2. Dick will be sent an invitation. (Mike) 3. Mr Black will be met at the station. (Mr Smith) 4. The article will be typed today, (the letters) 5. A school will be built in this area next year, (a shop) e.g. — The suitcases will be brought by the porter, (when) — When will they be brought?1. The meeting will be held in room 20. (at what time) 2. The article will be translated by Mr Green, (when) 3. Supper will be served soon, (where) 4. The documents will be signed by the boss, (when) 5. He will be paid a lot. (how much) 6. The talks will be held in May. (where) 7. Some of your colleagues will be invited to the conference, (who) 8. This article will be published soon, (where)V. Translate into English (self check):1. Вам покажут много достопримечательностей в нашем городе. 2. Письмо пошлют авиапочтой? 3. Когда будут рассылать билеты на концерт? 4. Когда подадут обед? 5. В каком журнале будет напечатана эта статья? 6. Она сказала, что билеты будут заказаны через неделю. 7. Переговоры состоятся в октябре.8. Я думаю, что вам дадут хороший номер в этой гостинице.9. Я надеюсь, что работа будет завершена в срок. 10. Я уверен, что его пригласят на конференцию. 11. Где будет проводиться собрание? 12. Интересно, какой фильм будет демонстрироваться завтра. 13. Документы будут подписаны завтра. 14. Ей не скажут об этом.Fluency/. Listen and reproduce the following dialogues:1. — What's the matter?— I've just fallen off my bicycle.— Oh, dear, is anything broken?— I'm afraid the front wheel is buckled.2. — What's the news?— Michael is going to be sent to America to do research work.— When did you hear that?— It was announced yesterday.3. — I envy Bill.— Why?— Because he'll be given a scholarship next year.— Well, he deserves it.4. Teacher: What do we get from sheep? Boy: Wool.Teacher: And what do we make from wool?233Boy: I don't know.Teacher: Well, what is your coat made of?Boy: It was made from father's old coat.5. Foreman: Come on, man, hurry up. Worker: Rome was not built in a day.

Foreman: May be not, but 1 wasn't foreman on that job.6. Ken: I like your radio. Is it new?Pat: Yes, I bought it last week. It's a Bisonic. Ken: Bisonic? I've never heard of it. Where was it made? Pat: I'm not sure. I think it was made in Japan. I'll have a look. No, I'm wrong. It was made in England.//. Listen to the following texts. Ask and answer questions.1. At 5.05 on Saturday 19 th July there was an accident at the junction of Euston Road and St. Pancras Road when a boy of 16 was knocked off his bicycle by a delivery van. Luckily he was not seriously injured. Patrick Kay, the 16-year-old boy, was taken to St. Pancras Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. The accident was witnessed by several people and it was reported minutes later by the driver of the van, Mr Ralph Ripley, 45, of Wimbledon. Both the youth and the driver of the van were questioned afterwards by the police, who took the names and addresses of three witnesses.2. There was a terrible storm during the night. A lot of damage was done. Trees and telephone wires were blown down, windows were smashed and a roof was blown off. A car was even overturned. All this happened last night.3. An old man had many sons who were always quarrelling. One day the sons were called before their father. A bundle of sticks was given to them and they were ordered to break it. Each of the sons tried with all his strength but the bundle could not be broken At last it was untied by the old man and each son was given one stick. Of course, the sticks were broken easily. "My sons", said the old man, "if you are together, live in friendship and help each other, you can always be strong and needn't be afraid of enemies".4. Programmes for students studying English will be broadcast every day. They will be planned for the whole term. They will be designed for those who have recently begun to study English. The programmes will be mainly based on situations from students' life. Some of the programmes will be given in the form of dialogue. They say that suggestions for further programmes will be welcomed.234

Self check/. Use the verbs in the proper tense and voice:\. Our tourist group (arrive) in Moscow in the morning. A bus (take) us to the hotel "Ukraina". After breakfast and a short rest we (invite) for a sightseeing tour of Moscow. We (want) to see as much as possible as none of us (be) in Moscow before. We (show) and (tell) a lot of interesting things. Before our tour (come) to an end we (learn) much about Moscow. 2. When are you going to post this parcel? — It (post) in an hour I think. 3. What language you (teach) when you (study) at the University? — French. 4. Why they (not, come) to the party? — Well, I (not, know). They (send) the invitations about a week ago. 5. When the tickets (book)?— In a week. 6. When I (reach) the building I (stop) by a policeman who wanted to see my pass. 7. Students (allow) to use dictionaries at the exam? — No, dictionaries (not, allow). 8. A new stadium (build) opposite our house last year. 9. You (look) for your gloves? Ask the attendant, some gloves (pick) up and (give) to him a few minutes ago. 10. The mother (tell) not to worry about her sick boy. "He (examine) soon by the doctor. Everything (be) all right, I'm sure", said the nurse. 11. I wonder whether Alice (invite) to the conference. Her report is very interesting. 12. When examinations (hold)? — They (hold) at the end of every term. 13. The old man (fall) down and (break) his leg. He (take) to hospital by a passing motorist. 14. I (wake) by the noise in the street. 15. I've heard that Mr Smith (not, write) his own speeches, they (write) by his secretary. 16. These textbooks (use) in all schools? — No. 17. Where the journals (keep)? — In the safe. 18. Don't worry. Everything (do) in time. 19. Drinks (not, serve) here after midnight. 20. Who this article (write) by' 21. An interesting article (publish) in the next issue of the magazine. The author of the article (work) at it for a long time. 22. Ask the librarian about the new books which (receive) last week. You (give) all the necessary information. 23. He (ask) this question at the examination. He (give) an excellent mark for his answer. 24. This book (discuss) at the next meeting of our English club. A lot of students (take part) in the discussion. 25. Where (be) the secretary? — She (call) to the boss a few minutes ago. 26. Mr Short is a good lecturer. He always attentively (listen) to.//. Translate into English:1. Туристам показали Собор Святого Павла, одно из красивейших зданий Лондона. 2. Нас привезли в аэропорт автобусом. 3 Где состоятся переговоры? -- В Женеве. 4. Этот роман был переведен на русский язык два года назад 5. Делегацию встре-235гили на вокзале. 6. Вчера ему предложили интересную работу в научно-исследовательском институте. 7. Пройдите к администратору. Вам дадут ключ от вашей комнаты. 8. Вчера мне предложили билет на этот концерт, но я отказался. 9. Когда будет доставлена телеграмма? — Через два часа. 10. На каком языке говорят в Австралии? — На английском. 11. Когда ему пошлют визу? 12. Мне были даны все необходимые инструкции. 13. О ней хорошо отзываются. 14. Какие вопросы будут обсуждаться на конференции? 15. Когда был покрашен пол?PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:1. The film is being much talked about. 2. The road is still being repaired. 3. An office block is being built near our school. 4. Some building work is being done in Park Avenue. 5. A new machine is being tested in the lab. 6. This question is still being discussed. 7. This material is still being used, isn't it? 8. Do you know that your voice is being

recorded? 9. Is the floor in the sitting-room still being polished? 10. The talks are still being held.//. Respond to the following:e.g. — Don't enter the room.— Why? (paint the floor)— The floor is being painted there.1. Don't enter the work-shop, (carry out an experiment)2. Don't enter the assembly-hall, (hold a scientific conference)3. Don't ride this way. (widen the road) 4. Don't enter the kitchen, (install a gas-stove) 5. Don't switch on the light, (fix a lamp) 6. You can't take the taperecorder. (repair) 7. Don't go to the library today, (remove the furniture)e.g. — What's going on in that room? (pack the things)— The things are being packed there.1. What's going on in the sitting-room? (lay the table) 2. What's going on in the park? (cut the grass) 3. What's going on in the laboratory? (test a new device) 4. What's going on in the, garage? (repair the car) 5. What's going on in the lecture hall? (discuss the production plan) 6. What's going on in the office? (polish the floor) e.g. — Can I have a look at the letter? (type)— I'm afraid you can't. It is still being typed.1. Can I take the documents? (sign) 2. Can I see the visitors? (show round the plant) 3. Can I take the book? (read) 4. Can I use236 the taperecorder? (repair) 5. Can I study here? (wash the floor) e.g. — Have they settled the problem yet?— No, it's still being settled.1. Have they built the school yet? 2. Have they written the article yet? 3. Have they started the test yet? 4. Has he translated the text yet? 5. Have they repaired the device? 6. Have they packed the suitcases? 7. Have they cooked supper? e.g. — They are widening our road.— Oh, our road is being widened too.1. They are repainting our bridge. 2. They are repairing our road. 3. They are widening our pavements. 4. They are changing our house numbers. 5. They are rebuilding our town hall. 6. They are re-opening our theatre. 7. They are closing down our local hospital. 8. They are moving our library. 9. They are replacing our street lights. 10. They are making our street one-way. 11. They are restoring our old church.///. Ask your partner where the meeting is being held; what problems are being discussed at the meeting; if the documents are still being typed; what film is being spoken about; what texts are being recorded; if the lamp is still being fixed; who is being examined at the moment; what the student is being asked about.IV. Translate into English (self check):i. Что происходит в гостиной? — Там чинят телевизор. 2. В вестибюле никого нет. Гостям показывают институт. 3. Могу ли я взглянуть на контрольную работу? — Нет, ее еще печатают. 4. Комната в беспорядке. Вещи все еще упаковывают. 5. В нашем городе строится новый стадион. 6. Ваше предложение все еще обсуждается. 7.«Почему здесь так холодно? — Зал проветривают. 8. Не входите в эту комнату. Там красят пол.PAST CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:1. Huge blocks of flats were being built all last year. 2. When we came the pool was being filled with water. 3. I was told that my article was still being typed. 4. The car was being repaired the whole day yesterday. 5. When I left the meeting the problem was still being discussed. 6. When I entered the hall the young specialists were being instructed what to do. 7. At 6 o'clock the floor was still being polished.237//. Transform the sentences using the Passive Voice'e.g. — When I entered the hall they were holding a meetingthere.When I entered the hall a meeting was being held there 1. When I joined the visitors the foreman was showing them round the machine shop. 2. When I entered the room they were still discussing the article. 3. At 5 o'clock the professor was still examining the students. 4. When we arrived in Kiev they were still building the underground. 5. When I left the laboratory the} were still testing the device.///. Complete the situations:e.g. None of the actors were free then, (rehearse the play) The play was being rehearsed.1. It was very noisy upstairs, (polish the floor) 2. We couldn't enter the library, (remove the furniture) 3. An appetizing smell was coming from the kitchen, (roast a goose) 4. The guests were upstairs, (show the laboratories) 5. We didn't see the museum that time, (repair the building)IV. Make complex sentences:e.g. enter the kitchen, cook my favourite dishWhen I entered the kitchen my favourite dish was beingcooked.1. arrive in Minsk, build the Underground 2. switch on TV, show an interesting film 3. arrive at the airport, see off

the delegation 4. enter the Personnel Department, interview a new economist 5. leave the meeting, discuss the resolutionV. Respond to the following phrases using the Present and Past Continuous Passive.e.g. What's going on in the yard?Trees and bushes are being planted there.The flowers are being watered there, etc. 1. Where is the noise coming from? 2. We couldn't use the telephone. 3. Don't enter the lab. 4. The boy looked proud. 5. The children were very excited. 6. What is going on in the lecture hall? 7. Can I study here? 8. Why did she look so worried? 9. We can't use the taperecorder. 10. I had to wait for half an hour.VI. Translate into English (self check):1. Лекция была очень интересной, и оратора слушали с большим вниманием. 2. Когда я вернулся в Минск, Дворец Спорта все еще строился. 3. Когда вошел профессор Браун, обсуждалось его предложение. 4. Вчера в 5 часов передавали интересный238концерт. 5. Когда я присоединился к группе туристов, им как раз рассказывали об истории города. 6. Когда я вернулся, мою статью все еще печатали. 7. На улице было много народа. Встречали правительственную делегацию.PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:1. Mary is proud. Her work has been praised. 2. —What's happened? — The window has been broken. 3. Jane hasn't been told about it. 4. Many new buildings have been built in our town lately. 5. His report has been much spoken about. 6. Dick is happy. His dog has been found. 7. There isn't any food left. All of it has been eaten. 8. I can't find my car anywhere. I think it has been stolen. 9. The house looks quite new. It has been painted. 10. Have those letters been typed yet? 11. Have you ever been interviewed on television? 12. Today's post hasn't been brought up yet, has it?//. Respond to the following:e.g. — Shall I type the letters for you?— They've already been typed. Thank you.1. Shall I help you unload the car? 2. Shall I introduce you to him? 2. Shall I show you Dick's drawings? 3. Shall I translate the article for you? 4. Shall I test the device? 5. Shall I fix the lamp? 6. Shall I repair the car? 6. Shall I buy the book for you?, e.g. — I think I ought to help you find your raincoat.— Don't worry about it. It has already been found.1. I think I ought to help you wash the dishes. 2. I think we ought to post that letter to Dr Davis. 3. I think I ought to give him some money. 4. I think I ought to repair the typewriter. 5. I think we ought to clear out the garage. 6. I think I ought to clean the flat. e.g. — Can I see today's paper? (receive)— I'm afraid you can't. It hasn't been received yet.1. Can I read the telegram? (not to deliver) 2. Can you give me the book? (not to bring) 3. Can I have dinner? (not to cook) 4. Can I take the documents? (not to sign) 5. Can I look through your report? (not to finish) 6. Can I use your phone? (not to fix) e.g. — Will you please send the documents?— As a matter of fact they have already been sent.1. Will you please fix the tent? 2. Will you inform them about the meeting? 3. Will you instruct him how to do it? 4. Will you repair the TV set? 5. Will you please iron the suit? 6. Will you please translate the letters?239e.g. — I think we must repair our house.— Oh, yes. It hasn't been repaired for years.1. We must paint the doors. 2. We must clean the windows. 3. We must wash the curtains. 4. We must change the wall papers in the sitting-room. 5. We must clear up the dining-room table. 6. We must polish the floor, e.g. — Let's go to Peter's birthday, (invite)— How can we? We haven't been invited.1. Let's look through today's newspapers, (not to deliver) 2. Let's listen to Text 10. (not to record) 3. Let's unpack the luggage, (not to bring) 4. Let's play the piano, (not to tune) 5. Let's have dinner, (not to cook) 6. Let's watch TV. (the TV set, not to repair) e.g. — Why does Lucy look so upset?— Don't you know? She has been given a bad mark.1. Why hasn't your friend come? (send to Moscow) 2. Why doesn't Uncle George smoke any more? (advise to give up smoking) 3. Why is it so cold in the room? (break the window) 4. Why does Dick look so pale? (operate on) 5. Why is the child crying? (damage his new toy) 6. Why is Mary so sad? (scold by the teacher)///. Ask if the following actions have really taken place:e.g. — They say the document has been used.— Has it really been used?1. They say the luggage has been marked. 2. They say the mail has been delivered. 3. They say the car has been parked. 4. They say the letter has been signed. 5. They say the books have already been sold.IV. Ask your secretary if the documents have been typed; if they have been photo-copied; why the letters haven't

been posted yet; if the journals have been received; how many copies have been received; if a table at the restaurant has been reserved; if all the people have been invited.V. Your mother is talking to you over the telephone. She's asking you not to forget:1. to clear the table; 2. to wash the dishes; 3. to sweep the floor; 4. to make the bed; 5. to air the room; 6. to put the books in order; 7. to cook supper Tell her that all this has already been done.VI. Respond to the following using the Present Perfect Passive:e.g. — Where's my old umbrella?— I am afraid it has been thrown away.240(It has been given to the old man next door, etc.) 1. Why don't you take part in the conference? 2. Will you book the tickets? 3. What has become of your bicycle? 4. Can I work in the study? 4. Where's my grey suit? 5. Shall I fix the lamp? 6. I think we ought to tell him about it. 6. The room looks untidy. 7. You can't take the documents. 8. Why doesn't he join us? 9. Where are the papers? 10. She looks upset. 11. I think we must clean the windows.VII. Translate into English (self check):1. Письмо еще не отправили. 2. За доктором уже послали. 3. Газеты уже принесли? — Нет еще. 4. Ваш дом когда-нибудь ремонтировали? — Да, его ремонтировали пять лет назад. 5. Можно взять документы? — Боюсь, что нет. Их еще не отпечатали. 6. Будьте осторожны. Двери только что покрасили. 7. Ни на очень довольна. Ей предложили интересную работу. 8. Телеграмму только что получили. Она на столе. 9. Аня уезжает в Италию. Ей уже прислали визу.PAST PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:1. All the tickets had already been sold out by the time John and Mary arrived. 2. When I returned home my wife told me that all the things had already been packed and they were ready to start. 3. The room had been prepared for the Hunts but they didn't come. 4. I had a letter from my sister some days ago. She wrote she had been accepted to college. 5. By 5 o'clock the experiment had already been completed. 6. They realized that the telegram hadn't been received.//. Respond to the following using the prompts:e.g. She was angry, (lose the tickets)The tickets had been lost.1. He came too late, (discuss the question) 2. She looked happy, (praise for good work) 3. He was surprised, (not, invite) 4. He was worried, (not, send a visa) 5. I had to wait a little, (not, sign the papers) 6. Mr Smith was angry, (damage his car)///. Make up sentences using the prompts:e.g. He returned to the city, (build the stadium)When he returned to the city the stadium had already been built. 1. She came to the Institute, (show the new film) 2. I got up.241(cook breakfast) 3. She came home, (put the child to bed) 4. arrived at the airport, (announce the flight) 5. He returned to the lab. (finish the test) 6. 1 rang up the secretary, (sign the documents) e.g. All the books were sold, (by 5 o'clock)All the books had been sold by 5 o'clock. 1. He was not sent a visa, (by July) 2. The letters were posted (by the evening) 3. The tests were checked, (by the end of the lesson) 4. The articles were translated, (by Friday) 5. The sink was fixed, (by the time I returned home) 6. The letters were typed, (by the end of the working day) e.g. Everything has been arranged. (I didn't know)I didn't know everything had been arranged. 1. The article has been published. (I didn't know). 2. The books haven't been delivered yet. (the librarian said) 3. The journal was lost a few days ago. (we didn't know) 4. The contract has already been signed, (the boss said) 5. The key was not found, (she told me) 6. He was forbidden to drive the car. (we didn't know) 7. The bicycle was broken. (I didn't know) 8. The picture was brought back some days ago. (I learned) 9. He has been told about it several times, (she said) 10. Jane wasn't allowed to take part in the expedition. (I knew) 11. Everything was prepared for the party. (I thought) 12. The letters were posted. (I was sure) 13. The text wasn't recorded. (I was told) 14. The chief engineer was sent for. (the secretary said) 15. The date of the conference has already been fixed, (they told me)IV. Translate into English (self check):1. Я была очень рада, когда узнала, что моего сына пригласили принять участие в международной конференции по электронике в Женеве. 2. Мне пришлось подождать. Секретарь сказала, что документы еще не подписаны. 3 Вчера я встретила Аню. Она сказала, что ей прислали посылку, и она идет на почту, чтобы забрать ее. 4. К вечеру все вещи были упакованы. 5. Маленькая Катя была счастлива. Ей подарили коробку шоколада 6. Она была разочарована. Ей не прислали приглашение на вечер. 7. Когда я вернулся, статью уже перевели.FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice/. Listen and imitate:

1. The factory will have been completed by the end of the month. 2. The car will have been repaired by Saturday. 3. The work will242have been tinished before you come back. 4. The documents will have been typed by the time the boss returns.//. Change the sentences into the Future Perfect Passive:e.g. The office will be built in a few months, (by September) The office will have been built by September. 1. The tests will be checked in an hour, (by the end of the lesson) 2. The book will be published soon, (by the end of the year) 3. The suitcases will be packed after dinner, (by the time the taxi comes) 4. The invitation cards will be sent on Sunday, (by Sunday) 5. The telephone will be repaired on Tuesday, (by Tuesday) 6. The work will be done tomorrow, (by tomorrow) 7. The papers will be signed at 5 o'clock, (by 5 o'clock) 8. The computer will be tested in a few days, (by the end of the work day) 9. The letters will be typed today, (before you come back) 10. The problem will be discussed on Wednesday, (by Wednesday) 11. The roof will be painted in the evening, (by the evening) 12. Everything will be arranged in time, (before he comes) 13. The newspapers will be delivered at 9. (by 9)///. Translate into English (self check).1. Работа будет закончена к концу месяца. 2. Письма будут напечатаны до того, как вы вернетесь. 3. К тому времени как вы вернетесь, эксперимент будет завершен. 4. Приходите в 5 часов. К тому времени документы будут подписаны. 5. Все приглашения будут разосланы к концу недели. 6. Телеграмма будет доставлена к 11 часам.Fluency/. Listen to the following texts. Ask and answer questions on the texts:1. We have an old musical instrument It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.2. There has been another rail crash in Scotland. The crash occurred last night in freezing fog outside Glasgow. Four peoplewere killed and at least ten people were injured. The railway lines have not yet been cleared and a number of trains have been delayed.3. Heavy snow has fallen in the North of England. Many roads243have been blocked arid traffic has been brought to a standstill One town, Castlepool in Yorkshire, has been completely cut off Supplies will be dropped into the town by air this afternoon.4 The office of Mr Arthur Tigers, the prominent industrialist, was broken into during the weekend. A small amount of money was taken and the office itself was left in what the cleaning woman described as "a terrible mess". The burglary was discovered b\ cleaners early this morning. Mr Tigers is away on holiday in South America and has not yet been located.5. Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by tram. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen!6 The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, a large stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called "Olympic City". Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.7. The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that the wallet had been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in a newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: "A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!" Two months later, some money was sent to Sam with another note: "Only 25 per cent a thief now!" In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: "I am 100 per cent honest now'"8. An American in London was taken sightseeing by a guide and was shown many beautiful buildings. "Did it take you long to944

build that house?" he asked when they were, passing a hotel. "About six months", said the guide. "A building like that is built during a month in New York", the American said. Then he was shown a new office building. "Did it

take you long to build that?" he asked. "About a month", said the guide. "Such a place can be built in a couple of days in New York". Some minutes later they came to the Houses of Parliament. "That's not a bad place. When was it built?" asked the American. "You may not believe me but that building was not there when I crossed the street last night", said the guide smiling.9. During a sea trip on board a steamer a young girl was courted by five young men. The poor thing was at a loss whom she should choose. She was advised to jump overboard and then marry the one who would jump in after her. The girl did as she was told. Next morning when all the five admirers were on deck she jumped into the sea. She was immediately followed by four of the men. When the girl and her admirers were fished out of the water she found herself even more at a loss than before. "What should I do with these four wet men?" she asked the captain. "Take the dry one", was his advice. This time again the girl did as she was told.//. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Mr Palmer is looking for a new house. He's tired of living in the city and he wants to live in a quiet village. He's with the estate agent now. Estate Agent: Well, Mr Palmer. This is the house thatI told you about... Number 26, Richmond Road Theowners are away, but I've got a key. Mr Palmer: Hmm... when was it built? Agent: It was built in 1950.Mr Palmer: Who built it?Agent: I'm not really sure Is it important?Mr Palmer: No, not really. Is that a new roof? It looks nev Agent: It is nearly new. It was put on last year.Agent: You can see that it's in very good condition Theprevious owner was a builder. Mr Palmer: It's quite an old house. I'm worried about the elecu'-cal wiring. Has it been rewired? Agent: Yes, it has.Mr Palmer. Oh, when was it done? Agent: Five years ago. It has also been redecorated. Centralheating has been put in, and a new garage has beenbuilt.245Mr Palmerr Oh, when was that done? Agent: Last year . I think.It's a very solid house. It's built of brick with a tiled roof...Mr Palmer: It's a long way from a big town. What are the services like?Agent: Hold on .. I've got the details here. Yes ..let me see.,the dustbins are emptied every Thursday.Mr Palmer: It's important for rne to see the post before I go to work. When is it delivered?Agent: It's usually delivered at about 7.30. The milk is de-livered about six o'clock . . so you'll have fresh milk for breakfast.Mr Palmer: It's certainly very cheap. I've seen a lot of similar houses... and they're more expensive.Agent: Ah, yes. . it's a real bargain.Mr Palmer: Are there any plans for the area?Agent: Pardon? Plans... well, a new school is going to bebuilt in the village next year ..Mr Palmer: Anything else?Agent: .. and a new road, a motorway actually, will bebuilt next year, too. You'll be able to get to London easily.Mr Palmer: Where exacth will the motorway be built?Agent: Well, actually, it'll be built behind the house. A bridgewill be constructed over the house. It'll be very interesting. You'll be able to watch the traffic. Questions: What is Mr Palmer looking for? Who is he talkingto at the moment? Is the house old or new? Is it in good condition'The house isn't very expensive, is it? Why?///. Listen to the conversation again and reproduce the phrases used in the Passive Voice.IV. Tell about the house, the services and the plans for the areaV. Role-play the conversation.Self check/. Use the verbs in the proper tense and voice:1 Where (be) the contract? — It (type) now. It (bring) in a few minutes. 2. When we returned the door already (lock). 3. Trucks and tractors (produce) at this plant. 4. Not a word (say) by the newcomer. 5. Susan is upset. Her favourite record (break) 6 The house (paint) and looks quite new. 7. I want to call the police — Why? — Because my watch (steal).— I hope it (find)246soon. 8. What's going on in the lab? — The results of the experiment (discuss) there. 9. The secretary told us that the documents (not, sign) yet. 10. He looked very excited when I saw him.— No wonder, his device (test). 11. I just (offer) a ticket for the cup game. I'm sure it will be very interesting. 12. How much money you (send) yesterday?—300 pounds. 13. Where the conference (hold)? — In London.—How long it (last)? —For a week.— You (hear) any interesting reports? — Quite a lot. 14. This typewriter is quite new. It never (use). 15. The school (build) by

September. 16. The article (translate) by the time you return. 17. John (live) in Manchester. His girl-friend Mary (study) French in Paris. She (stay) there for 5 weeks. The week before last John (go) to Paris to visit his girl-friend. He (be) back in Manchester now. He just (receive) this reply from her.Dear John,It (be) nice to see you last week. After you (go) I (feel) so lonely. I really (enjoy) seeing you again.Two days ago I (take) my final exam and it (be) pretty difficult. The papers (mark) now. If 1 (pass) I (get) a certificate. I (be able) to get a better job. You (not, tell) me much about your new job last time. You (say) you (work) hard.Last night we (have) a farewell party. We (go) to a new restaurant that (open) last month. Everyone (be) in high spirits because the course (complete). I (be going) to miss all the new friends I (make) here. See you next week. I hope you (meet) me at the airport.All my love,Mary//. Translate into English:1. He беспокойтесь. За вашими детьми присмотрят, если вы вернетесь поздно. 2. Журналы уже принесли? — Да, их принесли два часа назад. 3. Когда я пришел, гостям показывали лаборатории института. 4. К концу недели все книги были распроданы. 5. Нас ожидали в среду, а мы приехали в понедельник 6. В этом зале проводятся собрания. 7. Какой вопрос обсуждался, когда ты пришел? 8. Около вокзала строится новый мост. 9. Как только документы будут подписаны, мы отошлем их в Москву. 10. Пол в этой комнате никогда не красили. 11. Я буду рад, если моя статья будет напечатана в вашем журнале. 12. Он был доволен, так как ему пообещали помощь. 13. Когда и где состоится конференция? 14. Я был уверен, что он не придет, пока его не пригласят 15 Мне предложили билет на концерт, но я отказался. 16. Студентам медицинских институтов преподают латинский язык. 17. Нам показывали слайды, когда вошел декан.247UNIT 17 TOPIC: TRAVELLING BY TRAINTEXT. YOU REMEMBER ME, DON'T YOU?Scene: the main hall of Paddington Station (one of the main London railway stations)It was late at night, but there were still a lot of people coming and going There was a noise of trains.A good-looking, fair-haired Swiss girl of about twenty was sitting on her suitcase. Her chin was in her hands and she looked tired and depressed. Nodoby spoke to her, nobody even looked at her.Another young woman went past. She noticed the fair girl She stopped in surprise, turned round and looked again. "Why, it's Ann, isn't it?" The fair girl looked up. At first she didn't recognize the other girl. "You remember me, don't you? I'm Pauline. We were at school together."Ann jumped to her feet. "Of course! My dear Pauline! I'm so glad to see you.""I'm glad I noticed you. But what are you doing here? I didn't know you were in England.""I arrived from Zurich at one o'clock. I had lunch at Victoria station. I think I took a long time over it. And now I'm alone in London. I don't know anybody. And what a day I've had! I must sit on this suitcase until tomorrow morning. I'm going to stay with some people called Forest. They live miles and miles in the country. But I've missed the last train.""Missed the last train? Have you really? That's bad luck. But how did you miss it? It seems rather silly.""It isn't far from Victoria to Paddington, but it took a long time to get there. I took a taxi, but still I arrived late. I ran into the station and shouted: "Which is the four o'clock train for Brimstead? But the porter thought I said "Bristol!" He put me in a train just as it moved away from the station. I was very proud of catching the train at the last minute. I settled down in the compartment. There was an old gentleman there, but I was too shy to speak to him, Later he gave me a cigarette and we talked. We stopped at a place called Reading and then went on. I thought the journey was taking a long time.Then a man came to collect our tickets. He looked at mine and said: "Brimstead? You're in the wrong train, Miss." It was terrible I cried: "Stop the train! I must get out!" But the man said: "We don't stop until Bristol." At last we got there. I got out and ran like the wind with my suitcase to catch the next train back to London248I crossed the lines — a lot of porters shouted after me, but I didn't stop.The London train was just leaving. It was a slow train: it stopped at every station. When I got back here, the last train to Brimstead had just gone. It's only a small town, you see.""But why are you sitting out here in this cold?""It's too stuffy in the waiting-room.""Poor Ann! Come and spend the night at my lodgings. My landlady will be pleased to see you."Comprehension/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:Where did Pauline meet Ann? Did Ann recognize her at once? Why did Ann look so tired and depressed? How did it happen that she got into the wrong train?//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.Special Difficulties/. Respond using the prompts:

e.g. — Bob got another job, I suppose, (old) — No, he was too old to get another job. ...I suppose.1. Tom went alone, (young) 2. Peter got through the window, (fat) 3. George drove the car. (drunk) 4. Mary walked upstairs, (weak) 5. Peter ate something, (ill) 6. James bought the house, (poor) 7. Frank understood, (stupid) 8. Jack became a jockey, (small) 9. The other driver listened to you. (excited) 10. She wore your coat, (tall)//. Make up sentences using the word combination "to be proude.g. She/her sonShe is proud of her son.1. He / his wife. 2. The girl/her mother 3. The children/their parents 4. David/his sister 5. Ann/her daughter 6. George/his brother e.g. Mr Green/work for this firmMr Green is proud of working for this firm. 1. Betty/type without mistakes 2. Dick/have a car 3. Bill/speak Chinese 4. He/live in this country 5. Kate/swim so well 6. Paul/ earn so much money249Text Exercises/. Ask ana answer questions on the text.II. Speak on Ann's adventure.III. Did you ever have an experience like that? Tell about it.Conversation Practice/. Listen to the conversations and learn them: Booking Train Tickets— When does the London train leave, please?— 9.25. Platform 3.— What time does it reach London?— You should be there at 11.31, but you may be a bit late.— Do I have to change?— Yes. You change at Lewes and East Croydon.2. — Which train do I take for Victoria, please?— 9.28.— When does it get in?— It gets there at 11.34.— Must 1 change?— No, it's a through train.3. — What time's the next train to Victoria, please?— 9.26. Platform 4.— When do we get there?— It's due at 11.35, but they're running late today.— Is it necessary to change?— Yes. Change at East Croydon.4. — Excuse me...— Yes. Can I help you?— Yes, I'd like some information about trains, please.— Where to?— ...to London.— When?— Tomorrow.— Morning or afternoon?— In the evening. About six o'clock.— There's one at 6.40.— Thank you.5. — I want a ticket to Bern, please, second class.— Single or return?— Return, please.— Sixty-five pounds, please. Five pounds change, thank you.250— Could you tell me what time the next train is?— 8 o'clock, platform 12. If you hurry you'll just catch it.— Thanks.//. Situation: You want to go to Kiev in a week. You phone the railway booking-office and inquire about the time-table and tickets.At the Railway StationJane: Hello, Mr Blake. We're are not late, are we'Mr Blake: Hello, Jane. No, you're not late. I was a bit earlvJane: When does the train leave?Mr Blake: It leaves at four twenty-seven (4.27). If we hurry,we'll be able to catch it. Jane: Is it an express?

Mr Blake: No, it's a stopping train Jane: Shall I buy ihe tickets, Mr Blake?Mr Blake: Oh, yes, I forgot about them. There's the booking-office. Jane: Do you know how much the fare is?Mr Blake- Seventy-five pence (75 p) for a single ticket and onepound fifty for a return But ask for a weekend return.That might be cheaper. And ask for a time-table, too.You'll need it on Sunday. Jane: All right. I'll meet you at the entrance to the platform.Which platform is ours? Mr Blake: Platform sixteen. I'll take your suitcase. Which one'syours?Jane: That one's mine.Mr Blake: Hurry. The train leaves at four twenty-seven. (4.27) Jane: From platform sixteen?Mr Blake: Yes.Questions: When does the train leave? Is it an express or a stopping train? Who is going to buy the tickets? What is the fare? From what platform does the train leave? Where do they agree to meet? Will Mr Blake help Jane with her suitcase?Listening Linda Goes to LiverpoolLinda found a seat in a compartment that was full of middle-aged businessmen. One of them offered to put her case on the rack for her. She politely told him she could do it herself. The man started talking to her after she had sat down. She tried to avoid getting into a conversation but it was impossible. He was one of those251boring types that go on talking even if nobody is interested.When she casually mentioned that she was going to Liverpool in order to do a report on the city, he began telling her all about the place. Several hours went by. He talked and talked. Linda hardly said anything. Finally, the train got into Liverpool. The man kept on talking until the very last minute. Linda got up to go. Just then he invited her to a party. He said he would introduce her to all his friends so that she could learn more about Liverpool Linda politely refused and hurried out of the compartment She could still hear the man's voice. He was talking to someone else in the compartment and she happened to catch a few words."Nice girl", he was saying. "But you know, she talked so much that I could hardly put in a word."Questions: Who else was in the compartment? What did the man do when Linda came in? What did Linda try to avoid? Why? Why was she going to Liverpool? What happened when she mentioned this? What happened during the journey? What happened just after the train got into Liverpool?Mark Twain in FranceMark Twain, the famous American writer, was travelling in France. Once he was going by train to Dijon. That afternoon he was very tired and wanted to sleep. So he asked the conductor to wake him up and put him off the train when they reached Dijon."I shall probably protest," he said to the conductor, "because I am a heavy sleeper, but do not pay any attention to that. Put me off the train anyway."A few minutes later Mark Twain went to sleep. Later, when he woke up, it was night and the train was already in Paris. He understood that the conductor had forgotten to wake him up in Dijon. He was very angry. He ran up to the conductor and began to shout at him. "I have never been so angry in my life", he said. The conductor looked at him calmly. "You are not half so angry as the American whom I put off the train in Dijon."Questions: Where was Mark Twain travelling once? What did he ask the conductor to do? What did he warn the conductor about? When did Mark Twain wake up? He was very angry, wasn't he? Why didn't the conductor put him off the train in Dijon?A Vacant SeatIt was Sunday. The trains were crowded A man was looking for a seat in a carriage. Suddenly he saw a vacant seat. But a small suitcase lay on that seat and a well-dressed gentleman was252sitting next to it. "Is this seat vacant?" asked the man. "No, it isn't. It's my friend's seat. He will soon come. He has gone out to buy some cigarettes," the gentleman said."Well", said the man. "I'll sit here till he comes." Ten minutes later the train started but nobody came. "Your friend is late", said the man. "He has missed his train but he mustn't lose his suitcase." With these words he took the suitcase and threw it out of the window. The well-dressed gentleman got up and tried to catch the suitcase. But it was too late. It was his suitcase and he had taken a second seat for his own comfort.Questions: What was the man looking for? Did he find a vacant seat? What did the well-dressed gentleman say? What did the man decide to do? What happened when the train started?At the StationSteve: I was waiting on the platform for the Bristol train when a lady asked me if I knew the time of the next train to Oxford. I often have to go to Oxford myself, so I knew. A few minutes later a man wanted to know whether the train for Bristol had already left. I knew that it hadn't so of course I told him. The man inquired why the train from Birmingham was late. I didn't know but I told him it was usually because of the line repairs. I couldn't understand why all these people were asking me questions. Then I noticed that I was standing next to a big sign that said: "Information." Questions: What train was Steve waiting for? What questions was he asked? What did he answer?

Why did people keep asking him questions?Seeing offOne evening three men came onto the platform and asked the porter: "What time is the next train to Liverpool?" The porter said: "You have just missed one. But they go every hour. The next one is at 10 o'clock." "That's all right," they said, "we'll go and have a drink."They went to the refreshment room. A minute or two after 10 o'clock they came running and said to the porter: "Has the train gone^" "Yes", he said, "it went at ten o'clock as I told you. The next is at eleven o'clock." "That's all right." they said, "we'll go and have another drink." So they went back to the refreshment room.They missed the eleven o'clock train in the same way, and the porter said: "Now the next train is the last one; if you miss that, you won't get to Liverpool tonight."253Twelve o'clock came, and the last train was just starting out when the three of them came out of the refreshment room running as fast as they could. Two of them got in a carriage just as the train was leaving, but the third one didn't run fast enough and the train went out leaving him behind. He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world. The porter went up to him and said: "I told you that this was the last train Why didn't you come earlier?"The man couldn't answer because he was laughing. Then he said to the porter: "Did you see those two men get into the train and leave me here?" "Yes, I saw them." "Well, I was the one who was going to Liverpool; they only came here to see me off!"Questions: Why did the three men come to the station? How often did the trains to Liverpool go? Where did the three men go to kill the time before the journey? Did they catch the 10 o'clock train? What happened a few minutes after 11 o'clock? What time was the last train to Liverpool? Did the men catch it? Why was the third man laughing?My Uncle TomMy uncle Tom worked on the railway. It wasn't a big station, it was a little place called Lowton Cross. Only about two trains a day stopped there, and Tom was station-master, chief porter all in one. In fact Tom did any work that came along. Lowton Cross was the pride of his heart; the waiting-room was cleaned every day by the chief cleaner (Tom); the chairs were polished by the chief polisher (Tom); and the tickets were sold and collected by the chief ticket-collector (Tom) — sometimes there were as many as four tickets a day — and the money was counted every evening by the chief clerk (Tom)That station was run well. Tom was very strict about rules. He knew what a passenger was allowed to do and was not allowed to do. He was there for 50 years and then he had to retire. There is no doubt that Tom did his job well, in all the 50 years he never missed a single day. So the railway company wanted to thank him for hib job. A man from the head office was asked to go to Lowton Cross to do it.Tom was thanked and was given a small cheque as a present He was very pleased, of course, but he said to the man: "1 don't need the money. But can 1 have something that will remind me of the happy days 1 have spent in Lowton Cross?" The man asked him what he wanted. "Well, sir, could the Company let me have a part of an old railway carriage? It doesn't matter how old or broken it is I want to put it in my garden, and every day I can go and sit in it."254About a week later a carriage was sent and was taken into Tom's garden. Tom worked at it, and it was cleaned and painted and polished. Soon we went to see Tom. It was a bad day for a visit. It began to rain as we got off the train, and by the time we got to Tom's house it was raining hard. We knocked but there was no answer. Tom wasn't in the house. We thought he was in his carriage. Sure enough, he was there, but he was not sitting in his carriage, he was outside, on the step of the carriage smoking his pipe. His head was covered with a sack. We asked him why he did not go inside the carriage. "Can't you see," said Tom, "the carriage they sent me was a non-smoker."Questions: Where did uncle Tom work? How many trains a day stopped at the station? What kind of work did uncle Tom do? What did the Company do to thank Tom? What present did uncle Tom want to receive? What present was uncle Tom given? Who came to see uncle Tom once? What was the weather like that day? Where did Tom's relatives find him? What were they surprised at? Why didn't Tom go inside the carriage?Reading At the Railway StationIt's common knowledge that nowadays people travel a lot. They travel on business and for pleasure, about the country and abroad. Those who wish to travel have at their disposal various means of transport: express trains and big ships, cars and jet airliners.Although we all agree that the future belongs to the air transport, the railway is still one of the most popular means of communication. Of course, if people are short of time and have to travel a long distance they usually travel by air. But if they have time they prefer to go by train.With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. From the comfortable corner seat of a carriage you have a splendid view of the countryside. If you are hungry you can have a meal in the dining-car and if the journey is long you can have a comfortable bed in a sleeper.A big railway station is a very busy and interesting place. Let's imagine that we are at one of them.There are a lot of platforms at which trains come in and go out. A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave. The porters are very busy carrying luggage to the train or pushing it on their trucks. On another platform a train has just come in. Some passengers are getting out, others are getting in. Those who ha-255

ven't got their tickets in advance are waiting in queues at the booking-office. At the bookstalls people are choosing books, magazines and newspapers for the journey. At the cloak — room some people are leaving and taking their luggage.There are a lot of notices in a big railway station. You may see ENTRANCE and EXIT. There is also a WAITING-ROOM where you can relax until it is time to board your train. If you are hungry or thirsty you'll go to the REFRESHMENT ROOM.If you don't know the number of the platform from which your train leaves, look for the notices ARRIVALS and DEPARTURES. They will tell you the number of the platform.When you arrive in a large town you may leave your heavy luggage at the station. In this case you will look for the CLOAK ROOM or LEFT LUGGAGE OFFICE.You will also see the notice BOOKING OFFICE. This is where you buy your ticket. If you don't know the time or the platform your train leaves from you'll go to the INQUIRY OFFICE or the INFORMATION BUREAU.Self check/. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary: Mr Dobson is fond ... travelling. He thinks there is nothing like travel ... board... the train.Last week Mr Dobson went ... Dublin ... business. He travelled... train. He arrived ... the station an hour ... the departure. ...his arrival... the station he bought some newspapers and a magazine ... the newsagent's and went ... the waiting-room to wait... his train. He was reading a newspaper when he heard the loudspeaker: "Attention, please! The train ... Dublin is leaving ... platform I." Mr Dobson put his newspaper ... his briefcase, got up and went ... his platform. He found his carriage and boarded ... the train. He had a comfortable night... the train and reached ... Dublin ... 8 a. m.//. Translate into English:— Добрый день!— Добрый день. Чем могу быть полезна?— Есть ли поезда на Москву сегодня?— Да, есть два ночных поезда.— Когда они отправляются?— В 9 и 11 часов.— Когда поезд, который отправляется в 9 часов, прибывает в Москву?— В 7 часов утра.— Это время меня устраивает. Есть ли билеты на этот поезд?— Да, есть несколько билетов первого класса.— Мне повезло.Fluency/. Answer the questions:How often do you travel by train? Do you enjoy travelling by train? Why/Why not? What do you like or dislike about large stations? When did you last travel by train? Where did you go? Did you book a ticket in advance? How much did it cost? Did you travel by an express or a stopping train? You didn't have to change trains did you? What time did the train leave? When did you arrive at the station? Did you travel light or heavy? What did you do after you boarded the train? Did you have a lower or an upper berth? Which berth do you prefer? How much did the bedding cost? How did you spend the time during the journey? Did you like the conductor? Was he/she very helpful? Did you get off the train on your way to X? When did the train arrive in X? How long did you stay in X? What was your journey back like?//. Speak on:a) your last journey by trainb) the local railway station///. Discuss the following:1. A big railway station is the best place to spend a spare hour.2. There is nothing like travelling by train.IV. Act out the following situations:1. An English colleague of yours wants to go to Moscow to take part in an exhibition. Не/she asks you about trains to Moscow. You've been to Moscow many times and give him/her all the necessary information.2. You are on business in London. Soon you are going to return to your native country. You phone the railway-booking agency to inquire about the time-table and tickets.3. You are on board the train Minsk-Moscow. There is an Englishman/Englishwoman in your compartment. In an hour you are busy talking.V. Write about a journey by train that impressed you greatly.256257UNIT 18 TOPIC: TRAVELLING BY AIRCOMMUNICATION: INTRODUCTIONSTEXT. AIR TRAVELWhen travelling by air you have to get to the airport early in order to check in about an hour before your flight. If

you have a lot of luggage, you can put it on a trolley and push it to the check-in desk where someone will check your ticket and weigh your luggage. If you have excess luggage, it can be expensive. Your heavy luggage is put on a conveyer belt and carried away. A light bag is classified as hand luggage and you can take it with you on the plane. An immigration officer looks at your passport and a security guard checks your hand luggage before you go into the departure lounge to wait till your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some cheap duty free goods here. Then you see on the departures board or hear an announcement that you must board your plane. You go through the departure gate, then there is sometimes a security check before you actually enter the plane When all {he passengers are on board and when the captain and his crew are ready in the cockpit, the plane begins to taxi to the end of the runway. Finally, permission is received from the control tower and the plane moves faster and faster in order to take off.Flying is fun. I like being in a big airliner with the cabin crew (stewards and stewardesses) looking after me. They walk up and down the aisle bringing meals and drinks; and if the flight is going through some turbulence, they warn everybody that it might be a bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our seat-belts. On a long flight I like listening to music through the headphones available to all passengers, and sometimes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want the plane to land.Comprehension/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:Why do passengers have to come to the airport an hour before the departure? What does a passenger do if he/she has a lot of luggage? What do you have to do if you have excess luggage? Where do passengers wait for their plane? What happens when all the passengers are on board? Does the writer like travelling by air? Why? How does he while away the time during the flight?//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.258Special Difficulties/. Respond to the following:e.g. A: He learnt to cook in Paris. Were you surprised?B: No. He went to Paris to learn to cook, (slight stress on "went") or B: No. He went to Paris in order to learn to cook, (slight stresson "order")He ... Were you surprised?1. met Bill in Edinburgh 2. sold his pictures in London 3. opened a bank account in Switzerland 4. painted a portrait in Rome 5. learnt to fly in Australia 6. played tennis in Florida 7. climbed mountains in Wales 8. skied in Norway 9. watched the penguins in the Antarctic 10. dived for treasure in the Mediterranean 11. had an eye operation in Russia 12. gave a concert in Munich 13. studied judo in Japan 14. wrote a book in Seville 15. photographed lions in Africa.e.g. A: I had a lovely time yesterday. I wrote letters all day. B: Do you really enjoy writing letters? I had a lovely time yesterday. I ... all day. 1. washed windows 2. peeled potatoes 3. mended socks 4, ironed shirts 5. polished the silver 6. played with the children 7. practised the piano 8. worked in the garden 9. cooked 10. baked 11. watched crickete.g. A (in tones of sympathy): You have to make beds, I suppose. B: Yes, but I like making beds! You have to ... 1 suppose.1. do housework 2. live economically 3. shop around 4. look after the children 5. help them with their homework 6. read to them 7. answer their questions 8. attend their school concerts 9. give children's partiese.g. A: Do you want to make a speech? B: No, I want you to make a speech. Do you want to ...1. lead the deputation 2. receive the mayor 3. speak first 4. introduce the speakers 5. sign the cheque 6. attend the conference 7. give a talk 8. make the arrangements 9. fix a date 10. organize the reception 11. open the champagneText Exercises/ Ask questions on the text. II. Retell the text.259///. When did you last travel by air? Where did you fly? When did you come to the airport for registration? What was the registration like? Did the plane take off on time? Did you have a good flight? How did you while away the time during the flight? How long did your flight last? When did the plane land at X?Conversation Practice/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversations:Booking Airline Tickets— I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.— I'll just see what there is.— I want to go economy and I'd prefer the morning.— Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 9.20.— What time do I have to be there?— The coach leaves for the airport at 8.15.2. — I'd like to book a flight to Munich for Monday the tenth.— I'll have a look in the time-table for you.

— I'll need an economy class open return.— KLM have got a DC-9 leaving at 9.25.— What else ought I to know?— The latest time of reporting is 8.35 at the airport.3. — What flights are there from London to Vienna tomorrow?— If you'd like to take a seat, I'll find out for you.— I'd like to travel first class, please.- BEA flight BE 502 takes off from Heathrow at 9.25 and flies direct.— What time have I got to get there?— You'll have to be at West London Air Terminal by 8.10 at the latest.4.— Are there any planes to Zurich on Sunday?— If you'll excuse me for a second, I'll check.— By the way, I don't want a night flight.— There's a plane at 9.20.— When am I supposed to check in?— You must be at the airport before 8.35.Situations: 1. You've come to the booking-office to book a flight to Moscow. The clerk is ready to help you. 2. You want to fly to London at the end of the month. You are phoning the booking-office to inquire about the time-table and tickets.260Checking in1. Mr Dobson: Can I check here for the British Airways flight toNew York?Clerk: Yes, sir. May I see your ticket and passport?Mr Dobson: Here you are.Clerk: That's fine. Can you put your suitcase on thescales, please?Mr Dobson- Of course. How much does it weigh?Clerk: 23 kilos. I'm sorry, but you'll have to pay excessbaggage charge.Mr Dobson: Oh! It's only three kilos overweight.Clerk: Yes, sir ... that's £6 ... Thank you. Would you like togo through to the departure lounge?Questions: Where is Mr Dobson flying? What does the clerk ask him to do? How much does Mr Dobson's luggage weigh? How much does he have to pay for the excess luggage?2. Mr Nelson: Is this Mercury Airlines counter? Clerk: Yes, it is. May I help you?Mr Nelson: I'd like to check my reservation for today's flight to Mexico City.Clerk: May I see your ticket and passport?Mr Nelson: Is eveiything in order?Clerk: Yes, it is. Where is your baggage?Mr Nelson: It's over there.Clerk: Very well. It weighs exactly thirty pounds.Mr Nelson: Do I get a baggage check?Clerk: Yes, you do. Here it is. Now go to gate number se-ven. Your flight number is 326.Mr Nelson: What time does the plane leave?Clerk: At 4 30.Mr Nelson: Excuse rne. Is this gate seven?Official: Yes, it is. We are boarding the plane at any moment.Mr Nelson: Why! I'm right on time!Mr Nelson: May I take any seat?Stewardess: Yes, any seat not marked "reserved".Mr Nelson: When do we take off?Stewardess: In about five minutes No smoking, please.Mr Nelson: Miss! Do we land in Washington? Are we landing now?Stewardess: Yes, we are. Please, fasten your belts.Here, let me help you. There! Mr Nelson: Thank you.261Stewardess: You are welcome. Well, here we are. Questions: What place does Mr Nelson want to check his reser-vation to? Are his ticket and passport in order? How much does his baggage weigh? What time does the plane leave? What seat did the stewardess tell him to take? Where did they land?Situation: You are registering for the 10 o'clock flight to Washington at Sheremetyevo Airport.In the Departure Lounge

("British Airways Flight 179 to New York is now boarding atGate 4")Mr Dobson: Excuse me...Woman: Yes?Mr Dobson: I didn't hear that announcement. Which flight didthey call?Woman: Flight 179 to New York... are you going there? Mr Dobson: Yes. Woman: So am I... Gate 4 is this way... follow me!Security CheckOfficer: May I search you, sir? It's just a security check.Mr Dobson: Of course.Officer: Thank you. Oh, what's this in your pocket?Mr Dobson: Oh, yes... I'm sorry. It's just a metal comb.Oficcer: Hmm... May I see it, sir?Mr Dobson: Certainly.At the CustomsOfficer: Are these two bags al! you have, sir?Mr Green: Yes, they are all I have.Officer: Have you anything to declare?Mr Green: I am sorry but I don't know what I am allowed.Officer: Will you read this notice carefully? ... Well, have you got anything to declare?Mr Green: Yes, I've got some presents. I've got a bottle of brandy and some cigarettes.Officer: Will you show them to me?Mr Green: Yes, here they are.Officer: Oh, yes, only a bottle of brandy. You are allowed that. Now these boxes of cigarettes. That's more than I can allow you free. I'm afraid you'll have to pay some duty on them. I'll tell you how much in a moment. But first let me see rnside your bags.262Mr Green: Here they are.Officer: Thank you, sir. Everything's all right. Nothing is more dutiable. Welcome to our country!Mr Green: Thank you.Questions: How many bags has Mr Green got? Has he got anything to declare? What will he have to do? 2. Officer: Okay, bags on the table, please... uh-huh. How long are you planning to stay?Tourist: Four weeks.Officer: Do you have anything to declare?Tourist: What?Officer: Alcohol, cigarettes, ...Tourist: No.Officer: Any meat, fresh fruit, plants?Tourist: Uh, no.Officer: Open your suitcase, please. Any gifts?Tourist: Excuse me?Officer: Are you bringing any gifts into the country?Tourist: No, huh-uh.Officer: Uh-huh. What's in the bottle?Tourist: Uh, hand lotion.Officer: Okay, that'll be okay. Here's your form.Tourist: Uh, what should I do with it?Officer: See that officer over there by the gate? He'll take it.Tourist: Thank you very much.Questions: What does the customs officer ask the tourist to do? What questions does he ask? Does the tourist have anything to declare? How long is he going to stay in the country?Situation: You are flying to Washington. At the moment you are going through the customs inspection.On Board the Plane1. "Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Captain Gibson and his crew welcome you aboard British Airways Flight 178 to New York. We're now flying at a height of 30 000 feet. Our speed is approximately 600 miles an hour. We'll land in New York in five and a half hours. The temperature in New York is now minus 3 C. In a few minutes you'll be able to see the Irish Coast. Our stewards and stewardesses will serve lunch in half an hour."Questions: Who welcomes the passengers on board the plane? At what height and speed are they flying? When will the plane land in New York? When will lunch be served?2. "Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of Captain Sonnleitner and his crew I should like to welcome you aboard this263

Swissair DC-9 aircraft. Our flying time to Geneva will be approximately an hour and twenty minutes during which we shall be serving you with light refreshments. Please place your light hand luggage in the overhead rack, observe the no smoking signs, fasten your seat belts and ensure that your seats are in the vertical position for the take off. For your safety and comfort during the flight you are requested to read the safety instructions which you will find in front of your seat.""Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please. In a few minutes we shall be arriving at Geneva airport. Will you please return to your seats, place them in the vertical position, fasten your seat belts and observe the no smoking signs. Please, remain seated until the aircraft has come to a complete halt and remember to take all your hand luggage with you. We hope you have had a pleasant flight and that we shall soon have the pleasure of welcoming you aboard again. Thank you."Down to Earth"Your attention, please! British Airways regrets to announce the cancellation of Flight BA 564 to London due to technical difficulties. Will all the passengers now awaiting the departure of this flight please contact the British Airways ground hostess at the information desk in the transit lounge. Will passengers who are booked on this flight from Geneva and are now waiting in the departure lounge, also go to the information desk in the transit area. A ground hostess is waiting by Gate No I to escort you. Thank you!"Socializing (Introductions)a) How to approach the person you are meeting:It's (Mr Brown), isn't it?(Mr/Mrs/Miss Smith)?Excuse me, are you (Mr Thompson)?b) How to reply:Yes, that's right.Yes?Yes, that's right. And you must be (Mr Williams).c) How to introduce yourself:I'm (Charles Brown). My name's (Sally Kent).264I'm so pleased to meet you.I've been looking forward to meeting you. I'm (Tom Smith).So glad to meet you.d) How to respond and reply to an introduction:How do you do. (formal) Hello, (less formal)e) How to introduce someone who is with you:May I introduce my girlfriend/boyfriend, Janet/James.And this is my wife/husband.Meet my business colleague, Tom Williams./. Listen to the conversation, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversation:In the Hall of the AirportSimon: Excuse me.Mr Gibson: Yes?Simon: It's Gibson, isn't it?Mr Gibson: Yes, that's right.Simon: So glad to meet you. I'm Simon Steel. How do you do?Mr Gibson: How do you do? It was nice of you to meet us.Simon: It's a pleasure.Mr Gibson: And this is my wife Sally.Mrs Gibson: How do you do, Mr Steel?Simon: How do you do? Did you have a good flight?Mrs Gibson: Yes, pretty good, thanks. But I must say I don't thinkI'll ever get used to flying. Simon: Well, if you'd like to follow me, I've got a car waitingoutside.Mr Gibson: Yes, certainly. Thank you.Simon: Now, let me help you with your bags, Mrs Gibson.Mrs Gibson: Thank you. They are a bit heavy. Simon: Right. This way. It's not very far.Questions: Who met the Gibsons at the airport? How did Mrs Gibson like the flight? What did Simon offer her?//. Act out the following situations:1. You are in the foyer of the airport. Suddenly you hear an announcement that your flight is delayed. Act out a conversation with an airport official. Find out why there is a delay and how long you are going to wait. Ask what the airline is going to do about265meals and hotel accomodation if the plane is delayed for a long time.2. You are asked to meet Jonathan Williams, an American journalist. You've never met him before, you've only seen a photograph of his. The plane has just landed and you approach someone who looks like Williams. But you address

the wrong man. At last you notice him. You introduce yourself and ask him about the journey. You've got a car waiting and take Mr Williams to the hotel.Listening What a Way to Start a Holiday!When Wilson got to the airport, his flight was already being called over the loudspeakers. The day before he had cancelled his ticket for a morning flight and had booked an afternoon flight instead. He had to go to the reservations desk to collect his new ticket.He apologized for being late. The reservations clerk smiled and began to look through the reservations in front of her. Then her smile disappeared and she began to look worried."Your ticket doesn't seem to be here," she said. "Let me check it with the computer."The computer clicked and whirred and lights began to flash. Just then, his flight was called a second time. Wilson became very nervous. Finally the girl looked up."There's been a mistake. Your new ticket was sent to you by post. That's why it isn't here," she said. It took her only a short time to write out a new one. Wilson managed to catch the plane just before it took off. "What a way to start a holiday!" he thought.Questions: What was happening when Wilson got to the airport? What had he done the day before? Why did the clerk begin to look worried? What happened then? Why wasn't Wilson's ticket there? What happened at the end?First FlightFive tourists walked slowly across the airfield where a very small aircraft was waiting for them. The plane was used on local flights and had only two engines.The passengers got into the plane and sat down."Fasten your seat belts, please," the air hostess said. An old lady turned to the air hostess. "Please help me with the belt," she asked "I have never been on an aeroplane before and I feel rather nervous."266"Don't worry," -the air hostess said kindly. "These planes are the safest in the world " Then the hostess went round with a tray of sweets. She offered a sweet to each of the passengers. "Take one of these," she said to the old lady. "It will help you to swallow."Suddenly the plane began to shake and to rattle. It moved quickly down the runway and slowly climbed into the air. When the plane was in the air, the hostess went to the old lady again. "Didn't the sweet help you to swallow?" she asked."No, I'm afraid it didn't," the old lady answered. "But it took my mind off the plane. May I have another one, please?"Questions: How many tourists were going to travel? What did the air hostess tell the passengers to do? Why couldn't the old lady fasten her seat belt? What did the hostess give each passenger? Why did the air hostess give sweets to the passengers? How did the sweet help the lady?A SmugglerSam Lewis was a customs officer. He used to work in a small border town. It wasn't a busy town and there wasn't much work. The road was usually very quiet and there weren't many travellers. It wasn't a very interesting job, but Sam liked an easy life. About once a week he used to meet an old man. His name was Draper. He always used to arrive at the border early in the morning in a big truck. The truck was always empty. After a while Sam became suspicious. He often used to search the truck but he never found anything. One day he asked Draper about his job. Draper laughed and said: "I'm a smuggler."Last year Sam retired. He spent his savings on an expensive holiday. He flew to Bermuda and stayed in a luxury hotel. One day he was sitting by the pool and opposite him he saw Draper drinking champagne. Sam walked over to him. Sam: Hello, there! Draper: Hi!Sam: Do you remember me? Draper: Yes... of course I do. You're a customs officer. Sam: I used to be, but I'm not any more. I retired last month.I often used to search your truck... Draper: But you never found anything. Sam: No, I didn't. Can I ask you something? Draper: Of course you can. Sam: Were you a smuggler? Draper: Of course I was.Sam: But... the truck was always empty. What were you smuggling?267Draper: Trucks!Questions: What was Sam's job? Where did he work? Was his, job interesting? Who did he use to meet once a week? Why did Sam become suspicious? What did he ask Draper one day? What did Sam do last year? Where did he spend his holiday? Who did he meet at the hotel? What did he learn?Reading But You Said...Marion: Good afternoon.TravelAgent: Good afternoon, madam.Marion: I'm interested in the holiday in Saint Cuthbert.Agent: Ah, yes... the Caribbean! I can recommend it highly.Marion: Can you tell me a little more about it?Agent: Of course, madam. It's an excellent package holiday. You'll travel on a scheduled flight. You'll be met at the airport and taken to your hotel. You won't have to pay airport taxes. They are included in the price. The hotel is very

near the beach, and it's got a swimming pool and a discotheque. It's a very modern hotel, it was built last year. The restaurant's superb, and drinks are very cheap in Saint Cuthbert. Oh, and you can walk to the sea in two minutes.Marion: Hmm... it sounds good. I'd like to make a reservation.Agent: One moment, madam and I'll get you a booking form. Marion paid a deposit and booked the holiday. Two monthslater she was in Saint Cuthbert. But she was disappointed. Whenshe returned to England, she went to see the travel agent.Agent: Ah! It's Miss Ward. Did you have a good holiday?Marion: No, I certainly did not have a good holiday.Agent: Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that. What was wrong?Marion: Well, when I arrived in Saint Cuthbert, I had to spend four hours at the airport... you said that we would be met, and we weren't. You also said we would be taken to the hotel. We weren't and the taxi cost about £12. You told me that airport taxes were included. In fact I had to pa\ £10.Agent: Oh, dear... you had a very bad start. But the hotel was nice, wasn't it?Marion: No, it was not! You said it was very modern. You were quite right. They hadn't finished building it! We couldn't sleep because the workmen were working all night. . on268our balcony! You said it had got a swimming pool. It had... but it was empty. And the restaurant. . the restaurant ser-ved fish every night.Agent: Oh, dear ..Marion: You said that the hotel was near the beach, and that we could walk to the sea in two minutes.Agent: Couldn't you?Marion: Well, yes... we could... but there was an oil refinery between the hotel and the beach, and it took half an hour to walk round it.Agent: Oh, I'm really terribly sorry. We really didn't know... I'm afraid we're unable to give you a refund, but we can give you a ten per cent discount on next year's holiday... .Marion: Next year! Next year I'm staying in England!Self check/. Use the proper tense forms:Yesterday afternoon I (go) to the airport to meet Pierre who . (come) to Paris to spend a few days with me. I (arrive) at the airport at two o'clock, (go) to a waiting room and (sit) down. When it (announce) that the plane (be) an hour late, I (decide) to go for a walk. I (just, walk) away from the building, when I (see) an old friend coming towards me. We (talk) for a moment, then (go) to the bar, where we (have) a few drinks. Suddenly I (remember) Pierre. We (rush) to the information desk. I (tell) that the plane from Paris (arrive) 40 minutes earlier. I (hurry) out of the buil-ding, (get) into my car and (drive) away quickly. When I (arrive) home I (find) Pierre sitting on his suitcase outside my front door.//. Translate into English:— Доброе утро! Скажите, пожалуйста, есть ли рейс на Лондон 25 октября?— Да, есть два рейса —утром и вечером.— Когда утренний рейс?— В 6 часов утра.— Нет, это слишком рано. У меня будет бессонная ночь, если я полечу этим самолетом. Когда вечерний рейс?— В 8 часов вечера.— Когда самолет прибывает в Лондон?— В 10 часов.. — Это время меня устраивает. Есть ли билеты на этот рейс?— Да, есть несколько билетов первого класса.— Пожалуйста, один билет туда и обратно. Я возвращаюсь 30 октября.Fluency/. Answer the questions:Do you like travelling by air? Why/Why not? Is there an airport in your native city/town? Is it far from the city/town? How can you get there? How long does it take you to get there? What is the airport like? What do you like or dislike about it? When do passengers have to arrive at the airport for registration? What is registration like? How much luggage can a passenger take without extra pay? Who informs passengers about flights? Are flights often cancelled in this country? Can you say why? Is there a security check before you board the plane? Who takes you on board the plane? What are the duties of a stewardess? When are passengers requested to fasten their seat belts? Do they serve meals on board the plane? Can passengers smoke during the flight? Do you get airsick when on a plane?When did you last travel by plane? Where did you fly? How did you get to the airport? When did registration begin? What was it like? Did you have excess luggage? Was your flight cancelled? What did you do after you had registered your ticket and luggage? Was your journey pleasant? When did your plane land in X? What did you do on your arrival in X?

Have you ever travelled abroad? Where/When? What is the procedure of going through immigration and customs? Did you have any dutiable articles? Did you declare them? Did the customs officials examine your luggage? Did you enjoy your trip? Why/ Why not? How long did your trip last?//. Speak on:a) your last flightb) your trip to a foreign countryc) the local airportd) your experience of booking a flight///. Travelling by train and travelling by air. Their advantages and disadvantages. Discuss.IV. Act out the following situations:1. Your friend has just returned from his/her trip abroad. Ask him/her about the journey and the usual routine at the customs.2. You are on board a TU-134 to Dehli. The stewardess is ready to answer your questions about the flight.3. You are in Washington on business for your firm. You want to go to New York to take part in an exhibition there. You've just come to the booking agency to book a train ticket, but there are no270train tickets available. You don't like flying but you'll have to travel by plane. There is a morning and a late flight to New York.Writing I. Report the information from the letter:One morning Mrs Morrison received a letter from her sister who lives in Melbourne, in Australia, telling her about plans to visit England:My dear Mabel,Just a short note to tell you that I have decided to come over to England to spend a few weeks in the old country. It will be marvellous to see you and little Margaret again. (I suppose she must be really grown up now!)My plans-are as follows: I'm taking a flight from Sydney on November 20th. It's the night flight on Thursday evening and I'm flying with Air India. I don't know the exact time of arrival at London airport but I'll send you a telegram as soon as I find out.I have arranged to stay at the Royal Tower Hotel which is in Knightsbridge, near Harrods.I really am looking forward to seeing you both. Love,Alice.//. Write a similar letter.HI. Write about an air trip you enjoyed.LI N IT 19COMMUNICATION: ADVICE GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSESa) How to give advice:Why don't youI thinkyou should you'd better you ought togo to the seaside.b) How to accept a piece of advice:that sounds a good idea Yes, I'll do that.I'll certainly try that.Thank you. All right.Yes, certainly. Very well.271/. Listen to the dialogues and learn them:1.— I've lost my passport.— You ought to report it to the police immediately.2. — The last train goes in five minutes. I think you'd better hurryup.— I'll do that.3. — I've got an awful toothache.— You'd better go and see the dentist.4. — I'm taking my exams soon.— You must work hard to pass them.5. — I often oversleep in the morning.— Why don't you buy an alarm clock?— I'll certainly do that.6. — Steve, you are too fat. You really should watch your weight.You shouldn't drink so much beer.— I know I shouldn't, but I like it.— Well, then, you should get more exercise.— Yes, I know, but I never have time.

7. — Your car has a bad engine. Why don't you buy a new car?— I'll certainly do that.8. — I feel seasick.— Perhaps you'd better go straight down to the cabin and lie down. You are not a very good sailor.— That's right.9. — I'm afraid I'm getting overweight.— Why don't you go in for sports? It will do you good.— That sounds a good idea. Thank you.10. — Your eyes are infected. You ought to consult a specialist.— I'll do that.11. — I'm having my holidays in a week.— Why don't you go to the seaside?— I'll certainly try that.12. — I have so many things to do tomorrow and I have anappointment for 5 o'clock.— I think you'd better cancel the appointment.— All right.13. — I'm going to stay at the Ramada Hotel.— You'd better book accomodation well in advance.//. Respond to the statements giving advice. Use:a) You'd better...e.g. — I have a terrible headache, (take an aspirin) — You'd better take an aspirin.1. I haven't enough literature for my report, (go to the library) 2. Our seats are far from the stage, (take opera-glasses) 3. I think272I've lost my way. (ask a policeman) 4. I'm going to fly there, (go by train) 5. It is very cold today, (stay at home) 6. I'm going to send her a letter, (a telegram)b) You should...e.g. — There's something wrong with my TV set. (take it to therepair shop)— You should take it to the repair shop. 1. The suit fits you perfectly, (buy) 2. The book is very interesting, (read) 3. The film is exciting, (see) 4. I don't know how to lose weight, (eat less) 5. I'm afraid I might be late, (take a taxi) 6. This dictionary is very good, (buy)c) You ought to...e.g. She is so busy now. (help) You ought to help her.1. The doctor advised me to rest in the country, (follow his advice) 2. The traffic is heavy here, (cross the street carefully) 3. She looks tired. (she, have a rest) 4. I doubt the results of the experiment, (check them again) 5. I don't know how to get there, (find out at the inquiry office) 6. He is your uncle, (invite)d) Why don't you...e.g. — I can't repair my car. (ask James to do it)— Why don't you ask James to do it?1. I don't like my present job. (change) 2. I'm in love with Monica, (marry her) 3. My car has been stolen, (report it to the police) 4. This dress looks smart, (buy) 5. There's an interesting exhibition at the Palace of Sports, (go) 6. Fishing is exciting, (try)///. Advise your friend to (not to):work harder; worry less; go to bed so late; spend so much money; take things easy; go in for sports; give up smoking; see the football match; consult the doctor; have a rest; get more exercise; buy a carYour friend will accept your advice.IV. Translate into English (self check):1. — Я не сдал экзамен по английскому языку.— Я думаю тебе следует больше работать.— Да, конечно.2. — У меня очень тяжелый чемодан.— Тебе следует оставить его в камере хранения.— Я так и сделаю.3. — Я поправляюсь. Мне это не нравится.— Почему бы тебе не заняться спортом?— Спасибо. Хорошая мысль.4. — Я хочу съездить в Брест на выходные.273— Тебе следует заказать билет заранее.— Спасибо. Я так и сделаю.5. — Лучше бы ты перевела этот текст завтра утром. Сейчас

уже поздно.— Я хочу закончить его сегодня.6. — Тебе не следует тратить столько времени на чтение. Ты былучше проводила больше времени на воздухе.— Ты права.7. — Я собираюсь позвонить Роберту завтра.— Почему бы тебе не позвонить сегодня?— Его не будет дома. Он сказал, что уезжает в командировку на пару дней и вернется только завтра.8. — Ты должен помочь Ане по математике.— Да, конечно.9. — Почему бы вам не купить домик у моря?— Мы как раз собираемся сделать это.10. — Ты очень бледна. Тебе следует проконсультироваться с врачом.— Я обязательно сделаю это.V. Listen to the conversations, read and learn them: 1. Tom: What's the matter, Jenny? You look worried. Jenny: Yes... I'm trying to lose weight. Tom: Oh, you don't need to lose weight. Jenny: Oh, I do! I've just bought some new jeans and Ican't get them on. They are too tight. Tom: Well, you should go on a diet. Jenny: I know, but what kind of diet? Tom: You should eat lots of salad and fruit. Jenny: Yes, but I don't like salad... I prefer meat. Tom: Well, you can eat meat, but you shouldn't eat too muchYou shouldn't eat bread or potatoes, either. Jenny: What about alcohol? Can I drink wine? Tom: Oh, no, you should never drink alcohol.2. Wendy: Hello, Charles... you look tired today. Charles: Yes, I'm working too hard.Wendy: You should take a holiday.Charles: Yes, I know I should... but we're just too busy. I'mworking twelve hours a day.Wendy: Twelve hours! You're going to kill yourself! Charles: Well, what can I do? Wendy: Perhaps you should change your job. Charles: I can't... I need the money!3. Max: What's the matter, Peter? You don't look very happy. Peter: I'm not. I'm worried about my English.274Max: What's the problem?Peter: I'm not practising enough.Max: Why not?Peter: Well, it's difficult to meet English people.Max: You should go out more.Peter: Where should I go?Max: You should go to pubs, you should join a club.Peter: But English people never speak to me.Max: Ah! You should speak first.Peter: What can I talk about?Max: The weather! English people are always interested inthe weather! 4. David: You look rather tired this morning, Father. What's thematter? Aren't you feeling well? Father: Not very well, I'm tired. I slept badly last night. I'vebeen suffering from insomnia lalely.David: I'm very sorry, Father. You ought to go and see a doctor. Father: I consulted the doctor two weeks ago and he prescribedme some tablets. But they don't seem to do me any good. David: I think you should go in for sports. Why don't you tryjogging? It's so popular these days. Father: That sounds a good idea. I've thought about it myself.I hope it works.VI. Act out the following situations:1. Your friend wants to lose weight. Tell him/her what he/she should do.2. Someone wants to learn your language. Tell him/her what he/she should do.3. A friend of yours asks you for advice. Не/she doesn't like his/her job; is short of money; doesn't like the place where he/she lives. Advise your friend.VII. Read the conversation and say what Harry should or shouldn't do according to Steve:Harry: I don't feel very well.Steve: Well, I'm not surprised. You don't get enough sleep.You always go to bed late. And you are working too hard. Harry: Yes, you're right. I'm always tired these days. I think Ineed a holiday.Steve: Yes, that's probably a good idea. And you also smoke toomuch!

Harry: Yes, that's true. Steve: You don't get enough fresh air. You stay indoors all thetime 275

RELATIVE CLAUSESIllustrative Situations/. Study these example situations:1. That (or which), subject, for things:This is the plane that took me to SwitzerlandThese are two of the steamers that take people round the lake.2. That (or which), subject, for animals: This is the dog that bit him.This is the kitten that was found yesterday3. Who (or that), subject, for persons: That's the man who loves Jane.A man who drives a car when he is tired may be a dangerous driver. Accidents sometimes happen to people who are usually careful.4. That (or which), object, for things or animals:Here are some of the things (that) you may hear in a Londonbus.These are the books (that) I borrowed from Mr Brown.5. That (or whom), object, for persons:The man (that, whom) you saw in my office was Mr Green Is she the woman (that, whom) we met yesterday?6. That (or which), prepositional object, for things: This is the hotel (that) I stayed in.This is the hotel in which I stayed. That's the hut (that) we slept in.7. That (or whom), prepositional object, for persons:The man (that) 1 lent my dictionary to hasn't brought it back. The man to whom I lent rny dictionary hasn't brought it back. Who was the woman (that) you were talking to when I saw you yesterday?Who was the woman to whom you were talking when I saw you yesterday?8. Whose, possessive, for persons:Those are the people whose house I stayed at.That is the man whose daughter John is going to marry.// Listen to the conversations and learn them.At a Party Steve: Look, that's the man who knows Jeff well. Hisname's Carver.Jill: And who is the woman who is talking to Mary?Steve: 1 think she's the woman who works in Mary'soffice. Бе careful, Jill. Don't sit on that chair. It's the one that's wet. I spilt beer on it! I'm going to have some of that food now.jiU- Don't eat too much. Those are all things whichwill make you fat. Steve: But I like food that makes me fat.At a BookshopCustomer: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half anhour ago, but I forgot to take them with me. Manager: Who served you, sir?Customer: The lady who is standing behind the counter. Manager: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago,Miss Roberts? He says he's the man who boughtthese books. Miss Roberts: I can't remember, sir. The man whom I served waswearing a hat.Manager: Have you got a hat, sir? Customer: Yes, I have. Manager: Would you put it on, please? Customer: All right.Manager: Is this the man that you served. Miss Roberts? Miss Roberts: Yes, sir. I recognize him now.Back from AustraliaBill: Look, Bob. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.Bob: Let me see it, Bill.This is a good photograph. Who are these people?Bill: They're'people I met during the trip. That's the ship we travelled on.Bob: What a beautiful ship! Who is this?Bill: That's the man I told you about. Remember?Bob: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia.Bill: That's right.Bob: Who's this?Bill: Guess!Bob: It's not you, is it?Bill: That's right. I grew a beard during the trip but I shaved it off when I came home.Bob: Why did you shave it off?

Bill: My wife didn't like it!277Practice/. Join the sentences. Use "who", "whom" or "which": e.g. She is the girl. She met me yesterday.She is the girl who met me yesterday. e.g. She is the girl I met her yesterday.She is the girl whom 1 met yesterday. e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday. This is the book which I bought yesterday.1. This is the car. The mechanic repaired it yesterday. 2. He's the man. I invited him to the party. S.These are the things. I boughi them yesterday. 4. He's the man. He came here last week. 5. He is the policeman. He caught the thieves. 6. She is the nurse. She looked after me. 7. I'm the person. I wrote to you. 8. They are the people. I saw them yesterday. 9. They are the trees. We cut them down yesterday.//. Join the sentences. Use "that":e.g. That's the doctor. He gave me the tablets.That's the doctor that gave me the tablets, e.g. That's the car. It won the race.That's the car that won the race.1. That's the man. He stole my car. 2. That's the football club. It won every game last year. 3. That's the school. It has the best reputation. 4. That's the factory. It makes good cameras. 5. That's the shop. It sells foreign books. 6. That is the girl. She told me about you. 7. That's the teacher. He is going to give the lesson. 8. That is the word. It sounds unnatural.///. Join these sentences together:e.g. She is the girl. I met her yesterday.She is the girl I met yesterday, e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday.This is the book I bought yesterday, e.g. This is the ship. I travelled on it.This is the ship I travelled on.1. She is the woman. I drove her to London. 2. That's the film. I saw it. 3. That's the man. I spoke to him. 4. They are the thieves. The police caught them. 5. These are the letters. I typed them. 6. These are the people. You asked me about them. 7. These are the shoes. The boy took them off. 8. This is the man. I served him. 9. That's the house. He's going to buy it. 10. That is the girl. I danced with her. 11. That's the book. She's been reading it. 12. That is the man. I love him. 13. That's the plane. I flew in ft. 14. There's the house. We used to live in it. 15. There's the bridge. We crossed it. 16. This is the man. I want to see him. 17. This is278the girl. 1 want to marry her.->18v-This is the word. I don't know it. 19. That's the thing. I don't understand it. 20. That's the school. I study at it.IV, Make progressive substitutions:e.g. That's the man that makes chocolate. who= That's the man who makes chocolate.10. the shop that11. the man that12. who13. gives money away14. the organisation that15. helps old people1. sells chocolate2. the shop that3. buys old books4. the student that5. who6. the teacher who7. has a good reputation8. the firm that9. repairs radiosV. Answer the questions:e.g. There is Judy. She works in the newsagent's. There is Ruth. She works in an office. Which girl is Judy? She is the girl who works in the newsagent's.1. There is my car. It is outside the garage. There is Bob's car. It is outside the theatre. Which car is Bob's car?2. There is Tom. He is always hungry. There is Bob. He does not talk much. Which man is Bob?3. There is John's house. It has a lot of windows. There is Pat's house. It has four floors. Which house is John's house?4. There is our hotel. It looks expensive.There is the Hunts' hotel. It has seventy-five bedrooms. Which hotel is your hotel?5. There is Guy's coat. It is on the chair. There's Mike's coat. It seems old.Which coat is Guy's coat?6. There is Sue. She is coming out of the shop. There is Judy. She is going into the shop. Which girl is Judy?7. There is Mum. She is talking to the waiter.

There is Aunt Ann. She is drinking a glass of water. Which woman is Aunt Ann?8. There are Simon's football boots. They are under the table.279There are Peter's football boots. They are on the chair. Which football boots are Peter's?VI. Put a relative pronoun "who", "whom", "which" or "that" into these sentences (if necessary):1. The only games ... I play are football and tennis. 2. We don't know the man... lives here. 3. He is the only student...understands English well. 4. Have you sent the book ... I left on this tablet 5. The policeman is looking for the man ... left his car in the street. 6. I gave him the book ... I was reading. 7. This is the hotel at ... we are staying. 8. Is this the money ... you lost? 9. The car. he is driving is not his. 10. This is the man... we saw at the station yesterday. 11. Those... have finished their work may go home. 12. This is the horse... won the race. 13. He is the sort of person... everybody admires. 14. This is the plane ... took me to Pa ris. 15. Mr West put the bag ... he was carrying on the table 16. The table ... he put the bag on was near the door. 17. Both the letters... came this morning are bills. 18. That's the music, .is popular. 19. That is the city ... I was born in. 20. This is the island ... was bought by a millionaire. 21. This is the hotel ... was built last year. 22. The book... you lent me is not very interesting 23. The flowers... I love best are roses. 24. The man ... you met yesterday is an actor.Fluency/. Listen to the conversation "Holidays in Switzerland" and answer the questions:George: Good evening, Mary. I'm glad to see you. Come in.Mary: Hullo, George! I haven't seen you for several weeks. You've been away from home, haven't you?George: I've been in Switzerland. I got back yesterday.Mary: I hope you had a good holiday. Did you enjoy yourself?George: Very much. Shall I show you some of my photographs?Mary: Oh, do, please. I like looking at photographs.George: Here they are. This is the plane that took me to Switzerland.Mary: Oh, you went by air, did you? Do you like flying?George: Yes, I like flying. I think it's much better than going by rail and steamer. The air-liners of British European Airways are very comfortable. They've carried millions of passengers quite safely. And of course flying is much quicker. Here's another photograph.Mary: That's you, isn't it? Who's the girl at your side?George: That is a girl who was with me in the plane. We became280quite friendly and spent a lot of time together. Mary: And who is the girl in this photograph? George: She is a girl who was staying at my hotel in Interlaken.I became quite friendly with her, too.Mary: Well, here's another girl! That's three! Who's this girl? George: She's a girl who went up several mountains with me.She was staying at my hotel too. She's very fond of climbing, so we often went climbing together. Mary: You like the girls and the girls like you. What's this?It's a train, isn't it? George: Yes, that's a train on the railway that goes up theJungfrau. Mary: You said you went climbing! Did you go up the Jungfrauby train? That isn't climbing. George: The railway doesn't go to the top! We climbed from theend of the railway.Mary: Here's a photograph of a steamer. George: That's a lake steamer. It takes passengers round oneof the two lakes at Interlaken. Interlaken is between thetwo lakes. Mary: That's what the name Interlaken means, isn't it? Whoare these three men? George: The man on the left is an Italian who has climbed most ofthe mountains in the Swiss Alps. The man in the middle isa Frenchman who has done a lot of climbing in thePyrenees. The third man, on the right, is a Swiss guide.He's the man who took us up several mountains. Youmust have a good guide in the Alps. It is dangerous toclimb alone.Mary: And what's this? George: That's one of the mountain huts we slept in when wewere doing a two-day climb. Mary: And this? It's a hotel, isn't it? George: Yes, that's the hotel I stayed in while I was in Genevafor a few days.Mary: That's a pretty little village. George: Isn't it? It's a place where I stayed for two days aftermy longest climb. I was very tired. Mary: And who are these people?George: They're the people at whose house I stayed in the village. Mary: Well, you certainly had a good holiday. George: Yes, I enjoyed every minute of it. I hope I shall be able togo again next summer.Questions: Where did George spend his holidays? Did he have a good time? What did he do during his holidays?

281//. Listen to the conversation again and pick out the relative clauses.III. Role play the conversation.IV. Situation: You've just returned from your holidays. You had a very good time. At the moment you are speaking to your friend about your holidays and showing him/her your photographs.V. Listen to the texts describing pictures, learn the texts and describe your own pictures in the same way.1. Nick Owen is a guide for Britannia tours. Some new tourists have just arrived in Exmouth. He's showing them around the town."I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay here. There's the beach that's the safest for swimmers. The other beaches aren't as good. And that's the shop that sells picnic lunches. Over there's the shop that sells souvenirs. I'll meet you back here at four o'clock.2. Paul's showing Angela some holiday photos."Look... this is the hotel I stayed in... and here's the restaurant I used to go to. I used to eat there every day. This is the beach we used to lie on. It was a marvellous holiday."3. Anne's just had an accident. She's telling a policeman about it."The car in front of me stopped suddenly. I managed to stop, but the van behind me didn't. It hit my car and pushed it into the car in front. There's my car. There's the van that hit my car. And that's the car my car hit."4. Paul's showing Angela an old school photo."The headmaster's in the middle. He's the one that taught us Latin. His lessons were very boring. The fat one on the left is Mr Bunter. He's the one that used to hit us with a cane. Mr Cherry's on the right. He's the one that taught us French ... and football. 1 was never bored at his lessons."5. This is a picture of Ronald Rigg. He's the man the police arrested yesterday. He's standing next to P. C. Martin. Martin's the policeman that caught him.VI Listen to the conversation "A Court Case", read and role-play the conversation:A few months ago there was a bank robbery in Stanford The police arrested a man and a woman. They're in court now A woman saw the robbery. She's standing in the witness box. The judge and the twelve members of the jury are listening to her A lawyer is asking her some questions.Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. You saw the bank robbery,didn't you?282Miss Dexter: Yes, I did.Lawyer: You saw a man, didn't you?Miss Dexter: That's right. I saw him when he went into the bankand when he came out.Lawyer: Now, look around the court... can you see that man?Miss Dexter: Yes'. He's the man I saw.Lawyer: He wasn't alone when he went into the bank, was he?Miss Dexter: No, he was with a woman. Lawyer: Now, look around the court again... can you seethat woman?Miss Dexter: Yes, there! She's the woman ! saw. Lawyer: I see, Miss Dexter. Now look at the man and womanagain. This is very important. Are you absolutelysure about them?Miss Dexter: Absolutely sure. They're the people I saw. Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. What was the man wearingwhen he went into the bank? Miss Dexter: I don't remember everything ... but I remember hishat and his bag.Lawyer: Look at the hat on the table. Is that the hat?Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the hat he was wearing. Lawyer: ... and the bag?Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the bag he was carrying. Lawyer: Do you remember anything about the woman?Miss Dexter: Yes. She was wearing a blonde wig and black platform shoes.Lawyer: How do you know it was a wig, Miss Dexter?Miss Dexter: Because it fell off when she was running to the car. Lawyer: Look at the wig on the table. Is that the wig?.Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the wig she was wearing. [.Lawyer: ... and the shoes... look at the shoes.I Miss Dexter: Yes, they're the shoes she was wearing. Lawyer: Thank you, Miss Dexter.Self check /. Translate into English:I. Это дом, в котором я живу. 2. Это кольцо, которое он мне подарил. 3. Машина, которая была найдена вчера, принадлежит ее брату. 4. Вазу, которая здесь стояла, вчера разбили. 5. Мужчина, с которым она разговаривает, мой начальник. 6. Девушка, которая принесла телеграмму, выглядела очень усталой. 7. Это гостиница, которая была построена в прошлом году. 8. Человек, о котором вы говорите, находится в соседней комнате. 9. Вот тот студент, которого мы видели вчера в театре. 10. Книга, кото-

283рую я читаю, очень интересная. 11. Вчера я встретил старого школьного приятеля, которого я сразу узнал 12. Он самый интересный человек, которого мне когда-либо приходилось встречать. 13. Это вещь, которая мне нужна. 14. В нашем учреждении есть много людей, которые хорошо говорят по-английски. 15. Студент, чью тетрадь я вам показал, учится очень хорошо. 16. Где письмо, которое я дал тебе почитать? 17. Он под-нял сверток, который она уронила. 8. Вот деньги, которые вы потеряли. 19. Это город, в котором я родился. 20. Это человек, который помог мне. 21. Это новость, которая всех удивила 22. Кто та девушка, на которую ты смотришь? 23. Это школа, в которой я училась.КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМUN IT IExercise I, p. 181. I have done; 2. The delegation has already arrived... we haven't spoken; 3. I read... I haven't read; 4. Have you made; I haven't made; 5. She has gone; 6. Have you ever been; I have been; 7. I have played ... the summer began; 8. We haven't seen... we saw; 9. He has had; He has broken; 10. Have you finished; I have just begun; 11. have you brought; 12. Have you ever found; I haven't; 13. Has Mr West sold; he has; He sold; Has he moved.Exercise II, p. 191. Have you ever played chess with Victor? Does he play chess well? — I don't know. I have never played chess with him. 2. How is Ann? I haven't seen her lately.— She is fine, thank you.— And how is your son? Has he finished school? — Yes, he is a student already. 3. I must pack the suitcase.— Don't worry, I have already packed it. 4. My nephew is only 5, but he has already learnt to read well. 5. Have you ever been to England? — Yes, I was there two years ago. 6. What h^s happened? — I have broken my favourite cup. 7. We have bought a new TV set. I like it very much. 8. Nina is very upset. She hasn't passed her exam. 9. Will Nick come to the party? — No, he has gone away on business. 10. Shall we watch TV tonight? — I haven't repaired it yet. 11. Have you signed the documents? — Yes, you may take them.Exercise I, p. 251. Have you heard; He has broken; How did that happen; 2. I have just returned; Did you go; How long did you stay. 3. Have you had; Did you cut; Ann cut; 4. Somebody has spilt; it wasn't me; it was; 5. Did you see; 6. Somebody has taken; 7. I didn't eat... I didn't feel; 8. Why didn't Jim want; He was; 9. he has gone out; did he go out; 10. Have325you seen, I have; I saw; did you think; I didn't like; 11 I went; Have you ever been; Barbara has already been; She loved, she has never eaten; What did you order, I had...Mary tried; They were both, 12. I have never been; I went; I did; Have you ever been; a friend of mine stayed; He enjoyed.Exercise II, p. 25I. I have never been to China, but I have been to Japan. It was three years ago. 2. Where is my textbook? I have just left it here. Has anybody been here? 3. Kate went to the cinema two hours ago and she hasn't come back yet. 4. Has Victor repaired the TV set? — Not yet. 5. Have you booked the tickets yet? — Not yet.-—Why didn't you do that yesterday? — I forgot all about that. 6. Have you ever been to the Bolshoi theatre? — Yes.— What did you see? — "Swan Lake".— Did you enjoy the ballet? — Yes, the music is wonderful, the dancing was superb.UNIT 2 Exercise VIII, p. 291. They seem to know each other. 2. He seems to be very clever. 3. I'm looking forward to meeting you. 4. Nick ottered me his tent, but I refused. 5. I suggested starting on Friday morning. My friends agreed. 6. Tomorrow I'm going away on business Nina has offered to look after my son. 7. His offer to help surprised us. 8. Ann suggested spending our holidays in Yalta. I liked her suggestion.Exercise I, p. 34A. what are you and your sister going; I don't know; What are you doing; We are going; Where do you go; We have tried... we prefer; Do you take. . stay; we are taking: It'll be; it is; I'll talk., she thinks.B. Postcards always spoil; I went; I visited...sat; A friendly waiter taught; he lent; I read... I didn't understand; I thought; My holidays passed... I didn't send; I made; I got up ...bought; I spent... I didn't write.Exercise II, p. 35— Hullo, Andrew! Glad to see you.— Hullo, Victor! I haven't seen you for ages. Where have you been all this time? — You see, I've just returned from England. Have you ever been there? — I'm sorry but I haven't been there. But I'm going there next year. Did you enjoy your trip? — Certainly. London is one of the most beautiful cities I've ever seen. I stayed there for two weeks and326I had a good time. Come to see me one of these days. I'll show you my pictures.— All right. See you soon.UNIT 3 Exercise I, p. 441. Victor has just returned from London. I haven't seen him since last year. 2. How long have you been married? — Three years. 3. Have you ever read English books in the original? — No. I have been studying English only half a year. 4. Where have you been? I have been waiting for you since five o'clock. 5. What are you doing now? — I have been typing for two hours already. 6. I haven't seen your sister lately.— She has been in the Crimea the whole month. 7. Who has taken my dictionary? I have been looking for it for half an hour. 8. I'm tired. I have been working in the garden all day long. 9. How long have you been preparing for your exams? — For a month already. 10.

Robert is absent today. He has been ill for two weeks. 11. How long have you been collecting stamps? — For ten years. 12. What have you been doing all this time? — I have been watching TV. 13. Have you been sitting here long? — Since 10 o'clock. 14. My brother is in Moscow. I haven't heard from him for a month. 15. I haven't met Paul since we passed the last exam. 16. The students have just left. They have been here all day long.Exercise I, p. 481. Somebody has broken; 2. John has forgotten; I have been expecting; 3. What has happened; 4. Haven't you finished; You have been reading; 5. I have been cooking; 6. What have you been doing; I have been sitting; 7. I have lost; 8. Have you been working; 9. He has appeared; 10. I've been cleaning; I have cleaned; 11. I haven't been waiting.Exercise II, p. 481. The whole evening I've been typing. I have already typed ten pages. 2. We have been writing the test paper for 45 minutes already. Some of the students have already finished it. 3. Have you been waiting for me long? — No, I have just come. 4. What have you been doing this morning? — We have been planting trees in the garden.— How many trees have you planted? — Seven. 5. I have been translating the article for two hours, but I haven't translated it yet.Exercise I, p. 511. Mr Clark worked; 2. She has lived; 3. They have been327married; 4. we were... the weather was; 5. The weather has been, 6. I have never met; 7. We spoke; 8. I haven't spoken.Exercise II, p. 511. Ann and I agreed to go to the cinema yesterday. I waited for her outside the cinema half an hour, but she didn't come. I don't know what has happened to her. 2. When did you last see Robert? — I haven't seen him for two weeks. 3. How long have you been married? — I got married three years ago. 4. Where did you rest last summer? — In the Caucasus.— How long did you stay there? — About a month. 5. Yesterday I came home from work at 6 o'clock, rested about an hour, and then I went to visit my friend. 6. Where is the key? I've been looking for it (for)half an hour already. 7. How long have you you been here? — I came here an hour ago.— Did you meet Nick? — Yes, we talked for ten minutes and then he left.8. How long have you had this car? — Five years. 9. How long have you lived in Minsk? — Since 1978.Exercise I, p. 541. It was still raining... I came; It has been raining; 2. I have been sitting; I have already drunk; ,3. What have you been doing; I haven't seen; 4. They haven't been working; They have been. 5. It hasn't rained; 6. I have been going; 7. Peter has been writing; He has already written; 8. I have been sleeping... I haven't woken;9. I bought... I haven't worn; 10. He has already seen; He saw., he was; 11. When did you meet; I met; 12. Have you ever spoken; I spoke; 13. Peter has lived; He lived... he went; 14. I have just had; I finished; 15. I have made; I made; 16. I have never played... I played... I was; 17. I haven't heard... she went; 18. I lay. 19. Have you ever travelled; I went; 20. Have you lived; I have lived; I was born; Have you been; I went; 21. How long have you been; I arrived; I have been; Have you seen; 22. Williams live; They have only lived, They arrived... arranged; They haven'tmade.....they think; The neighbours have been...Mr Williams hasinvited... he will hold; His friends are coming (will come); The Williams family lived... they came; Mr Williams didn't like; he was visiting... he met... who offered; Mrs Williams wanted... they arrived... the sun was shining... she began; 23. Jack looked; Jili arrived; I have been waiting; he said; Were you; Jack went; he said; I got...you were not; I came... waited... you didn't come; What have you been doing; Jack asked; I have just been.Exercise II, p. 551. Mr Smith is waiting for you.— How long has he been waiting? — About twenty minutes.— Let him come in. 2. Where are the328letters? I want to send them today.— The secretary has just brought them. She has been typing the whole day. 4. Can (May) I speak to Mr Voronov? — I'm afraid not. He has just gone out. 4. Let's go to the cinema. We haven't been at the cinema for ages.— Good idea. Nick says, that he has seen an interesting detective at the "Moscow" cinema. Would you like to see it? — Yes, I'm very fond of detectives. 5. When did you graduate from the Institute? — In 1975.— How long have you worked at this plant? — Five years.— Where did you work before? — At a research institute.UNIT 4Exercise VI, p. 621. Hullo! Haven't seen you for ages! How are you? — Fine, thank you. And you? — Quite well, thank you. 2. Good morning! Is the chief in? — No, he is at a meeting. Come at 12.—Thank you. Good-bye. 3. I must be off. I have an appointment at 9 o'clock. Remember me to your wife and parents.— Thank you. Good-bye. 4. Glad to see you. How are you getting on? — All the same, thank you. And how are you? — Not too good I'm afraid. My wife has fallen ill with flue.— Sorry to hear that. 5.Hullo! How are you? — Not too bad, thank you.— And how is your brother getting on? — He is fine.— Glad to hear that. 6. I hear Eve Brown is going to get married.— That's interesting news. It will be her third marriage. 7. I haven't seen your sister lately. How is she getting on? — Very well, thank

you. She is now abroad, in Italy.— How long is she going to stay there? — A year and a half.— Give my regards to her.— Sure. 8. How are you, Victor? — Not too good, I'm afraid.— What's wrong? (What's the matter?) — I haven't passed my exam in biology.— Sorry to hear that. I'm sure you will soon pass it.— I hope so. I have been preparing for it for a week already.Exercise I, p. 661. some; any; no; 2. something; everything; anything; nothing; 3. somebody; anybody; nobody; everybody; 4. somewhere; everywhere; anywhere.Exercise II, p. 671. a little; 2. a few; 3. a few; 4. a little; 5. a few; 6. a little;7. a few; 8. a few; 9. few; 10. little.Exercise III, p. 671. much; 2. much; 3. many; 4. much; 5. many; 6. much; 7. many;8. many; 9. much; 10. many; 11. many; 12. much.329Exercise IV, p. 67Neither; both; neither; all; none.Exercise V, p. 671. itself; 2. themselves; 3. myself; 4. himself; 5. herself, 6. yourself; 7. yourself; 8. ourselves; 9. yourself; 10. themselves; 11. himself; 12. herself.UN IT 5Exercise XVI, p. 781. Could you hand her this message? — Gladly. 2. Will you please wait for me a little? — All right. 3. Shall we drop in at this cafe? — Good idea.— What would you like — tea or coffee? — Tea with lemon.— Shall we eat anything? You must be hungry.— Yes. I'd like to try the beefsteak.— Anything else? — No, that's all.— So, we can make our order. Waiter! — Yes, sir? — Please, bring us two beefsteaks and tea with lemon.— All right, sir. 4. Could you give me a lift to the station? — With pleasure. 5. Could you do me a favour? I want to call at the post-office for the parcel. Will you, please, look after Ann while I'm out? — Certainly, I'll come in no time.Exercise I, p. 82to; past; at; to; near; from; of; on; for; for; with; of; of; for; out of; at.Exercise II, p. 83-; a; -; the; -; -; the; the; the; the; -; -; -; -; -; -; -; a; a; -; -; the; -; -; a; -; -; the; -; a; the; .the; the; a; the.Exercise III, p. 83Have you had dinner? — Not yet.— Neither have I. I'm very hungry. Let's have dinner somewhere together.— All right. Shall we go to the cafe in Main Street? — I'd love to. I have been there several times. I like that cafe very much. The cooking and the service are good there.(In the cafe)— What is on the menu today? — There are a lot of dishes to my taste. I'd like chicken soup, beefsteak and a glass of orange juice. And you? — As for me, I'll have a mutton chop and a bottle of beer. I don't want soup today.— Do you want ice-cream? — No, I don't like ice-cream.— Would you like anything to drink? — Let's have a bottle of dry wine.— Anything else? — No, that's all Let's call the waiter and make our order.330

UNIT 6 Exercise I, p. 87So am I; So did I; neither did 1; 'So were the rest of us; neither does Monika; so am I; neither have I; So has Monika; so are the people.Exercise II, p. 881. Nick speaks English well.— So does his wife. 2. I haven't seen this film.— Neither have I. 3. We are going on an excursion on the week-end.— So are we. 4. Ann didn't come to the concert yesterday.— Neither did her brother. 5. I can't play golf.— Neither can I. 6. Yesterday I had to work hard.— So did I. 7. John likes figure skating.— So does his wife. 8. I don't know his address.— Neither do I. 9. Robert will come.— So will Victor. 10. I have already booked a ticket.— So have I. 11. Yesterday I saw Nick.— So did I. 12. I didn't like the concert.—Neither did I. 13. I'm glad to see you.— So am I. 14. I shan't be present at the meeting.— Neither shall I.Exercise I, p. 90aren't you; aren't you; don't you; don't you; didn't you; were you; aren't you; didn't you; weren't you; did you; didn't you; do you; didn't you; didn't you; weren't you; didn't you; wasn't there; do you; am I; isn't it.Exercise II, p. 911. You live in Main Street, don't you? — Yes, I have lived there for five years.— You know Oleg Lobov, don't you? — Yes, he is my neighbour.— Can you hand him my message? — Sure. 2. Nick left for Moscow last week, didn't he? — Yes, he did.— He hasn't come back yet, has he? — No, he hasn't.— But he will come by Saturday, won't he? — I think so. 3. You ran't play chess, can you? — No, I can't.— But you play draughts, don't you? — Yes, I do.— Then let's play a game of draughts.UNIT 7 Exercise I, p. 1001. she and Arthur had held; 2. Peter was going... he saw... he hadn't met; 3. I hadn't fallen... I heard; 4. ! spoke... I thought... I had met; 5. we got... we found... the train had already left; I was waiting I was reading; 6. they had gone... I went; 7. I got back... they had sold; 8. He was...he had been working; 9. she opened... she read; 10. They had been sitting...

the taxi finally arrived; 11. They left... he had finished; 12. He quickly forgot... he331had learnt; 13. we came... the Smiths had already lived; 14. He told... he had been fishing... he had never caught; 15. she (had) heard... she phoned; 16. he looked... he understood... he had got off; 17. Jack had done; He went; The weather was; It had stopped... the moon was shining. 18. Judy's father had managed; They caught... spent; They arrived... joined; they realised they had left.Exercise II, p. 1011. When I came to see Victor, he wasn't at home. He had gone to the station to meet his friend. 2. The tourists had been waiting for the bus very long, so when it arrived, it was already too late and they didn't want to go anywhere. 3. When I had told him everything he understood what had happened. 4. She looked at the watch. It was about 12 o'clock. She had been working at her report for 6 hours. 5. By the end of June 1 had passed all my exams and was free. 6. On Friday he wasn't at work. The day before he had gone away on business. 7. When I called Nick, I learnt that he had been ill for two weeks. 8. I had worked at a plant before I entered the Institute. 9. The meeting hadn't begun yet, when we came. 10. When i came home, the children were already sleeping. My wife said that they had been sleeping since 9 o'clock. 11. Victor said that he had reserved a room at the Ukraine hotel. 12. He had lived abroad for three years, before he came to Minsk.Exercise I, p. 1031. We shall have finished; 2. The lesson will have started;3. he will have been living (will have lived); 4. he will have begun; 5. They will have been travelling; 6. She will have had; 7. They will have built; 8. I will have spent; 9. We shall have been flying; 10. The play will have begun; 11. they will have completed; 12. I will have been working.UNIT 8Exercise V, p. 1061. Don't make IIP. work so hard. She is tired of this work. 2. I made the typist type the letter again, because there were a lot of mistakes in it. 3. Why did you make him go there so late?4. I'll do all I can to help her. 5. The film is different from the book. It is much more interesting. 6. She is proud of her son. He is very hard-working and does very well at school.Exercise I, p. 120to; to; on; with; outside; at; at; for; at; in; for; for.332

Exercise II, p. 120What are you doing tonight? — Nothing special, why? — Would you like to go to the cinema? — That's not a bad idea. I haven't been at the cinema for several weeks.— The Moscow cinema is showing "Gone with the Wind" based on Mitchel's novel.— My friend has already seen it. He says it is a wonderful film. Of course, we mustn't miss it.— Then I shall buy two tickets for the eight o'clock show. Does this time suit you? — Perfectly, thank you. And where shall we meet? — Let's meet at my house at 7 o'clock.— All right. See you soon.UNIT 9Exercise I, p. 1291. I wonder where they usually spend their holidays. 2. I think that she hasn't come yet. 3. I hope that he won't miss the train, though he left for the railway station late. 4. I remember that I went away on business in September. 5. I wonder whether he will speak at the meeting. 6. She says that she doesn't like theatre. 7. I don't know when they will come back. 8. He says he was late for the lecture yesterday. 9. She wants to know at what hotel they are staying. 10. She says she has been teaching English for 20 years already. 11. He asks why you don't phone him. 12. Do you know when the train arrives in Warsaw? 13. Do you remember where we rested in 1980? 14. I'm afraid they missed the six o'clock train. 15. Ask her when she will come. 16. Tell him where she lives. 17. I don't know why Robert doesn't write to me. 18. I am not sure whether I shall see her tomorrow. 19. Do you know if there is a post-office not far from here? 20.1 think she will have typed the documents by 5 o'clock. 21. I've no idea what he is doing here. 22. I'm afraid that she has lost her way.Exercise I, p. 1351. the train stopped I looked... didn't see; I had sent... I thought... they would meet; they were waiting; We went... didn't find; We thought... something had happened; We had been waiting... we understood... they would not come; they had received... could not; 2. he had gone... who was coming; 3. I went; I took... looked; a waiter came... \ had chosen; I had chosen; I would take; 4. she had enjoyed ... she would spend; 5. I offered, She said... she had a headache... didn't want.Exercise II, p. 1351. Yesterday evening my brother called me and asked whether I wanted to go to the cinema. I agreed and I wasn't disappointed.333I liked the film very much. 2. I hoped that I would catch the last train, but I missed it. 3. Yesterday on my way home I called on Nick. He said he had just received a telegram from his mother and in an hour he was going to the station to meet her. 4. When I saw Nina, I understood, that she was upset by something. She said that her mother had fallen ill. 5. The other day I met John. He said he had bought himself a new car. 6. When I called on my friend, her mother said that she was not at home: she was taking an exam but she would be back soon. 7. In June my sister and I are

leaving for the Caucasus. Our brother said that he would join us as soon as he passed his exams. 8. Yesterday I asked Steve to repair my iron. He said that his friends were waiting for him and he couldn't help me. He promised that he would repair the iron today.— Last month he promised to repair my bicycle, but he never did.— I hope that he will keep his promise this time. 9. I was surprised when I learnt that Robert hadn't passed his exam. He said that he had been preparing for it for a long time. 10. Peter said that he would be waiting for me at the entrance to the stadium and asked me not to be late.UNIT 10 Exercise V, p. 1381. Victor wants me to repair his car. 2. I want you to phone Nina and invite her to the party. 3. I don't want him to go with us 4. Do you want me to help you? 5. We didn't want the children to swim in such cold weather. 6. My brother wanted me to book the tickets in advance.Exercise I, p. 149It was raining... I woke; It always rains; We had planned... we decided; We had missed...arrived; We had arranged... he had been waiting... we got; The play had already started... we went; I am working; I have been sitting... I haven't done; I feel; I have already had; I went... it rained; I shall book.Exercise II, p. 1501. Do you want to go to the theatre on Saturday? — I'd love to. I haven't been at the theatre for a long time. What performance do you suggest? — I'd like to listen to "Carmen".—Who sings the part of Carmen? — Helena Obraztsova.— She is a wonderful actress. Do you think we shall be able to get tickets? — M> friend promised me to get two tickets.— Thank you. That's very nice of you to invite me. I shall be looking forward to the performance.334

UNIT 11 Exercise VI, p. 1541. Sorry for bothering you.— That's OK. 2. Sorry, I promised to return the book today but I forgot.— Never mind. You may bring it back tomorrow. 3. I'm sorry I'm late.— Never mind, we'll be on time. 4. I am very sorry that I didn't warn you about my arrival in advance.—That's all right. I'm always glad to see you. 5. Sorry, I have lost your dictionary. I shall buy you a new one.— Don't worry. I've got one more dictionary. 6. Excuse my calling you so late.— Never mind. I have just come home myself. 7. I'm sorry that I didn't help you.— Never mind. I managed myself. 8. Sorry that I didn't call for your coat at the laundromat.— It doesn't matter. You may do it tomorrow 9. I'm so sorry that I have broken your favourite vase.— Forget it.Exercise VII, p. 1581. Shall I help you translate the article? —Thank you, I can manage. 2. Shall I switch off the TV set? — Please, do, it's late already. It's time to go to bed. 3. Shall I give you a lift home? — No, thank you. I'd like to walk. 4. May I switch on the tape-recorder? — Please, don't. I'm tired and I want to sleep. 5. Shall I wake you up in the morning? — No, there is no need, thank you.11 think I shall wake up myself. 6. May I use your pen? — Certainly. 7. Let me help you.— There is no need, thank you. 8. Shall I buy some bread on the way home? — Do, please. 9. Shall I repair yourI TV set? — Yes, please, thank you. That's very nice of you.UNIT 12 Exercise I, p. 172I rang up... he was preparing; He said., he had packed... he hadn't bought; I promised.. I would help; I was free... I could; He thanked... added... he would be grateful; I brought... my friend started.Mrs Hudson was...she began; She went... told... she hadn't been feeling; The doctor asked ... she had; She said she had; Her husband had died, Mike had fallen... she was afraid he wouldn't get, Earnest had joined; The doctor advised; her heart was; it wouldn't be .. she would do.an old lady happened; she stopped; they had talked... the lady observed... she didn't think he was; The man assured...he certainly wasn't; He said... his relatives had sent; The old lady promised... she would look... went; a big piece of wood hit; She turned... saw; she asked what was wrong; he merely wanted.335John Robinson had just returned... was having; Dobson rang, he was... his friend had arrived; he felt... was not sure he would be able.UNIT 13Exercise I, p. 1831. Excuse me, sir. Does the 27 bus stop here? — Yes. Where do you want to go? — To the airport.— The 27 will take you there.— Thank you. 2. Excuse me, sir, I'm afraid I'm lost. Can you help me? — Where do you want to go? — To the Minsk hotel.— It is five blocks away from here. Go along this street as far as the traffic lights. Do you see it? — Yes.— Then turn left at the traffic lights, walk three blocks and you will see the Minsk hotel.— Thank you.— Not at all. 3. Excuse me, how do I get to the Central Department Store? — Take a number 84 bus and go as far as the Central Department bus stop. It will take you about twenty minutes to get there. Ask somebody to tell you where to get off.— Thank you.— That's О. К. 4. Excuse me, does this bus go to the station? — No, you need the number 31. It will take you straight to the station. 5. What trolley-bus do you take to get to work? — I don't go by trolley-bus. First I take a bus, and then I change for the underground. 6. Could you tell me if there is a post-office not far from here? — Yes, there is one at the end of the street.UNIT 14Exercise I, p. 195

Victor asked George where he and his family were going to spend their holidays. George answered that they would go to one of the seaside towns in the Crimea. Victor wanted to know if they had booked the tickets. George said that he was going to do it on the next day. Victor asked how long they wanted to stay there. George answered that they were going to stay there about a month. In his turn George asked Victor where he would rest. Victor said that he wanted to go on a camping trip in the Alps. George was sure that Victor would have a good rest. Victor hoped he wouldExercise II, p. 195The hostess asked her guest if he would like a cup of tea. The guest said that he would and thanked the hostess. The hostess asked the guest how he would take it and whether he preferred his tea strong or weak. The guest answered that he liked his tea strong and very hot. The hostess wondered how many lumps of sugar he took in his tea. The guest answered that he took four336

or five lumps of sugar, for he liked his tea very sweet. The hostess asked if he liked milk in his tea. The guest said that he liked milk in his tea when he couldn't get cream.Exercise I, p. 2071. Fred asked a porter if the train for London had left and the porter answered that it had left ten minutes before. 2. John told Mary she was the most beautiful girl in the world... and told him not to talk such nonsense. 3. asked him what was wrong with it; told me to throw it away and buy a new one. 4. I asked her if she wanted to go to the cinema with me; she said she had already seen that film. 5. The manager asked me if I liked my work and I answered him that I did. He then asked me why 1 wanted to leave it then, so I told him I was moving to Glasgow. 6. I told him to take the first turning to the left and go as far as the post office. The man asked me how far it was and I told him it was about half a mile at the most.Exercise II, p. 208Mr Robinson greeted the Thompsons saying he was glad to see them in London. He asked his friends how long they had been there. Mr Thompson answered that they had been there only a few days, since Monday and he was sorry to say they had to return the following day. Mr Robinson asked if it was their first visit to London. Mr Thompson answered that it was his wife's first visit, but he had been there several times before. He had to come over at least once a year on business and felt quite at home in London. Mr Robinson asked Mrs Thompson what she thought of London. Mrs Thompson thought it was a wonderful place. Mr Robinson asked the Thompsons about their plans for that night and invited them to his place. Mr Thompson thanked Mr Robinson but he refused saying they were leaving the following morning and they had got a lot of things to do. He said that they might visit the Robinsons some other time.Exercise III, p. 208An old lady was going to take a taxi. She asked the driver to take her to the station. The driver agreed to do so. The lady told the driver that he must drive slowly and carefully. She warned him not to go until the policeman lowered his arm and not to rush round the corners as the road was very wet. The taxi-driver got angry with the woman because of her instructions and he asked her sarcastically what hospital she would like to be taken to if they did have an accident.337

Exercise IV, p. 2081. Yesterday I had a day off. I suggested to Ann going to the cinema, but she refused saying that she was getting ready for her exam in German. We agreed to go to the cinema next week. 2. The teacher asked me why I had missed so many lessons. I answered, that I had gone away on business. 3. When I was going to leave, my brother reminded me to bring him a Russian-Spanish dictionary next time. He said that he had to translate an article on electronics. I answered that I would call on him in two days and promised that I wouldn't forget about his request. 4. When I came home, my son was already sleeping. I wanted to talk to him but my wife told me not to wake him up because he was very tired as he had been repairing the car the whole evening. 5. The doctor advised me to spend more time in the open air and not to go to bed late. 6. Nina asked whether I would go to the party, and I answered that I would.UNIT 15Exercise I, p. 223— Hello. My name is Kent. Last week I reserved a single room in your hotel.— Jast a moment. Yes, sir, we got your letter. I can offer you room 46 on the third floor.— Is there a shower in the room? — Yes, there is a bath and a shower.— That's fine. I hope there is a telephone in the room.— Yes, all the rooms in our hotel have got telephones.— That's very convenient. I must make some telephone calls. How much is the room? — 50 dollars a night.— All right. I'll take the room.—Then will you please fill in (out) the registration form? — All right. When do you serve breakfast? — From 7 to 9.30.— Is there a post-office in the hotel? — No, but it's quite near, on the other side of the street.—Thank you.UNIT 16 Exercise IX, p. 2291. What foreign language is taught at your Institute? 2. I wonder where this journal is published. 3. I think these books are sold in all shops. 4. What is produced at this factory? 5. This list of articles is recommended for your work. 6. Foreign films are often shown at our Institute. 7. What time is the library closed? 8. We are not allowed to take books out of the reading hall. 9. Is the mail delivered here by plane? 10. Many guests are expected today. 11. He is often sent letters. 12. What is sold at this shop? 13. How much are you paid? 14. Where are meetings usually

held? What338problems are discussed at the meetings? 15 Where are the documents kept? Who are the documents signed by?Exercise VIII, p. 2311. Last year he wasn't sent abroad. 2. When were the tickets booked? 3. When was the post delivered? 4. The agreement was - signed on the tenth of March. 5. Why wasn't he informed about her departure? 6. Where was the conference held? 7. When was the station built? 8. How many letters were received yesterday? 9. We were not invited to the party 10. I wasn't offered a ticket for the concert. 11. Who was this work done by? 12. The guests were shown the laboratories of the institute. 13. This question was discussed at our last meeting. 14. The documents were typed on Friday. 15. The letter was written by my secretary two days ago. 16. The film was much spoken of (about). 17. Who was the article translated by?Exercise V, p. 2331. You will be shown a lot of places of interest in our city. 2. Will the letter be sent by air mail? 3. When will the tickets for the concert be sent? 4. When will dinner be served? 5. In what journal will this article be published? 6. She said that the tickets would be booked in a week. 7. The talks will be held in October. 8. I think you will be given a good room at this notel. 9. I hope the work will be completed in time. 10. I am sure that he will be invited to the conference. 11. Where will the meeting be held? 12. I wonder what film will be shown tomorrow. 13. The documents will be signed tomorrow. 14. She won't be told about that.Exercise I, p. 2351. Our tourist group arrived; A bus took; we were invited; We 'wanted ...none of us had been; We were shown and told; our tour came... we had learnt; 2. It will be posted; 3. were you taught... you studied; 4. Why didn't they come; I don't know; They were sent; 5. When will the tickets be booked; 6. I reached... I was stopped; 7. Are students allowed; dictionaries are not allowed; 8. A new stadium was built; 9. Are you looking; some gloves were picked up and given; 10. The mother was told; He will be examined; Everything will be; 11. Alice will be invited; 12. When are examinations held; They are held; 13. The old man fell down and broke; He was taken; 14. I was woken; 15. Mr Smith doesn't write... they are written; 16. Are these textbooks used; 17. Where are the journals kept; 18. Everything will be done; 19. Drinks are not served; 20. Who is this article written by; 21. An interesting article will be published; The author of the article has been working; 22. which were received; You will be given; 23. He339was asked; He was given; 24. This book will be discussed; A lot ot students will take part; 25. Where is; She was called; 26. He LS always attentively listened to.Exercise II, p. 2351. The tourists were shown St. Paul's Cathedral, one of the most beautiful buildings in London. 2. We were taken to the airport by bus. 3. Where will the talks be held? — In Geneva. 4. This novel was translated into Russian two years ago. 5. The delegation was met at the station. 6. Yesterday he was offered an interesting job at a research institute. 7. Go to the desk clerk. You will be given the key to your room. 8. Yesterday I was offered a ticket for this concert but I refused. 9. When will the telegram be delivered? -In two hours. 10. What language is spoken in Australia? — English. 11. When will he be sent a visa? 12. We were given all the necessary instructions. 13 She is highly spoken of. 14. What problems will be discussed at the conference? 15. When was the floor painted?Exercise IV, p. 2371. What is going on in the sitting-room? — The TV set is being repaired there. 2. There is nobody in the lobby. The guests are being shown the Institute. 3. Can I have a look at the test paper? — No, it is still being typed. 4. The room is untidy. The things are still being packed. 5. A new stadium is being built in our town.6. Your proposal is still being discussed. 7. Why is it so cold here? — The hall is being aired. 8. Don't enter the room. The floor is being painted there.Exercise VI, p. 2381. The lecture was very interesting, and the speaker was being listened to with great attention. 2. When I returned to Minsk the Palace of Sports was still being built. 3. When Pr. Brown came his proposal was being discussed 4. An interesting concert was being broadcast at 5 o'clock yesterday. 5. When I joined the group of tourists, they were just being told about the history of the town. 6. When I returned my article was still being typed7. There were a lot of people in the street. A government delegation was being met.Exercise VII, p. 2411. The letter hasn't been posted yet. 2. The doctor has already been sent for. 3. Have the newspapers been delivered yet? — Not yet. 4. Has your house ever been repaired? — Yes, it was repaired five years ago. 5. May I take the documents? — I'm afraid not.They haven't been typed yet. 6. Be careful. The doors have just been painted. 7. Nina is pleased She has been offered an interesting job. 8. The telegram has just been received. It's on the desk. 9. Ann is leaving for Italy. She has already been sent a visa.Exercise IV, p. 2421. I was very glad when I learned that my son had been invited to take part in the international conference on electronics in Geneva. 2. I had to wait. The secretary said that the documents hadn't been signed yet. 3. Yesterday I met Ann. She said she had been sent a parcel and she was going to the post-office to get it. 4. By the evening all the

things had been packed. 5. Little Kate was happy. She had been given a box of chocolate. 6. She was disappointed. She hadn't been sent an invitation to the party. 7. When I returned the article had already been translated.Exercise III, p. 2431. The work will have been done by the end of the month.2. The letters will have heen typed by the time you return.3. By the time you come back the experiment will have been comple-ted. 4. Come at 5. The documents will have been signed by thattime. 5. All the invitations will have been sent by the end of the week. 6. The telegram will have been delivered by II o'clock.Exercise I, p. 2461. Where is; It is being; It will be brought; 2. the door had already been locked; 3. tractors are produced; 4. Not a word was said; 5. Her favourite record has been broken; 6. The house has been painted; 7. my watch has been stolen; it will be found; 8. The results of the experiment are being discussed; 9. the documents hadn't been signed; 10. his device was being tested; 11. I have just been offered; 12. were you sent; 13. Where was the conference held; how long did it last; Did you hear; 14. It has never been used; 15. The school will have been built; 16. The article will have been translated; 17. John lives in Manchester. His girlfriend Mary is studying; She has been staying; John went; He is; He has just received; It was; you had gone I felt; I really enjoyed: I took... it was; The papers are being marked; I pass I'll get; I'll be able to get; You didn't tell; You said you were working; we had; We went...that was opened; Everyone was... the course had been completed; I'm going to miss... I've made here; you'll meet.341

Exercise II, p. 2471. Don't worry. Your children will be looked after if you return late. 2. Have the journals been brought yet? — Yes, they were brought two hours ago. 3 When I came, the guests were being shown the laboratories of the institute. 4. By the end of the week all the books had been sold. 5. We were expected on Wednesday but we came on Monday. 6. Meetings are held in this hall. 7. What question was being discussed when you came? 8. A new bridge is being built near the railway station 9 As soon as the documents are signed, we shall send them to Moscow. 10. The floor in this room has never been painted. 11. I shall be glad if my article is typed in your journal 12. He was glad because he had been promised help. 13. When and where will the conference be held? 14. I was sure that he wouldn't come unless he was invited. 15. I was offered a ticket for the concert, but I refused. 16. Students of medical institutes are taught Latin. 17. We were being shown slides when the dean cameUNIT 17Exercise I, p. 256of; on; -; to; on; by; at; before; on; at; at; to; for; to; from; into; to; -; in; -; at.Exercise II, p. 256— Good afternoon. — Good afternoon. What can I do for you? — Are there any trains to Moscow today? — Yes, there are two night trains.— When do they start? — At 9 and 11 o'clock.— When does the nine o'clock train arrive in Moscow? — At 7 a. m.— That time suits me. Are there any tickets for that train? — Yes, there are some first class tickets.— I'm lucky.UNIT 18Exercise I, p. 2691. went...who was coming; I arrived...went ...sat; it was announced... the plane was... I decided; I was just walking... I saw; We talked... went... we had; I remembered; We rushed; I was told... the plane from Paris had arrived; I hurried .. got... drove; I arrived... I found.Exercise II, p. 269— Good morning! Will you tell me if there is a flight to London on the 25 th of October? — Yes, there are two flights — in the morning and in the evening.— When is the morning flight? —342At 6 a. m.— No, it's too early. I shall have a sleepless night if I go by that plane. When is the evening flight? — At 8 p. m.— When does the plane arrive in London? — At 10 p. m.— This time suits me. Are there any tickets for that flight? — Yes, there are some first class tickets.— I'd like a return ticket. I'm coming back on the 30 th of October.UNIT 19Exercise IV, p. 273— I haven't passed my English exam.— 1 think you should work harder.— Yes, certainly. 2. I have a heavy suitcase.— You should leave it in the left luggage office.— I'll do that. 3. I'm getting overweight. I don't like it.— Why don't you go in for sports? — Thank you. That's a good idea. 4. I'd like to go to Brest for the weekend.— You should book a ticket in advance.— Thank you. I'll do that. 5. You'd better translate the text tomorrow morning. It's too late now.— I want to finish it today. 6. You shouldn't spend so much time on reading. You'd better spend more time in the open air.— You are right. 7. I'm going to phone Robert tomorrow.— Why don't you phone him today? — He won't be at home. He said he was going away on business for a couple of days and would be back only tomorrow. 8. You must help Ann with mathematics.— Yes, certainly. 9. Why don't you buy a house at the seaside? — We are just going to do that. 10. You look very pale. You ought to consult a doctor.— I'll certainly do that.

Exercise I, p. 2831. This is the house I live in. 2. This is the ring he gave me. 3. The car which was found yesterday belongs to her brother. 4. The vase that was standing here was broken yesterday. 5. The man she is talking to is my boss. 6. The girl who brought the telegram looked very tired. 7. This is the hotel which was built last year. 8. The man you are speaking about is in the next room. 9. That is the student we saw at the theatre yesterday. 10. The book I'm reading is very interesting. 11. Yesterday I met my old school mate whom I recognized at once. 12. He is the most interesting man I've ever met. 1Э. This is the thing I need. 14. There are a lot of people in our office who speak English well. 15. The student whose notebook I showed you studies very well. 16. Where is the letter I gave you to read? 17. He picked up the parcel which she had dropped. 18. Here is the money you lost 19. This is the town I was born in. 20. He is the man who helped me. 21. This is the news that surprised everybody. 22. Who is the girl you are looking at? 23. This is the school I studied in.343