Bacteria • prokaryotic

• do not have a true nucleus

• lack most of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• They lack a certain compound that is present in the cell wall of eubacteria.

• The archaebacteria also have some genes that are similar to genes found in eukaryotic cells.

• They can be found in salty lakes, boiling springs, sewage, and the intestines of some animals.

Kingdom Eubacteria

• disease-causing bacteria

• decomposers of organic waste

• Cyanobacteria

flagellum a long, threadlike structure that spins like a propeller, pushing the bacterium along

Time Bacterial Count

0:00 0:20 0:40 1:00 1:20 1:40 2:00

1 2 4 8

16 32 64

2:20 2:40 3:00 3:20 3:40 4:00 4096

128 256 512

1024 2048

Time Bacterial Count

4:20 4:40 5:00

8192 16,384 32,768

Time Bacterial Count

1000

5000

10,000

15,000

5:00 5:20 5:40 6:00 6:20 6:40 1,048,576

32,768 65,536 131,072 262,144 524,288

Time Bacterial Count

7:00 7:20 7:40 8:00 8:20 8:40

2,097,152 4,194,304 8,388,608

67,108,864 33,554,432 16,777,216

Time Bacterial Count

9:00 9:20 9:40

10:00

134,217,728 268,435,456 536,870,912

1,073,741,824

Time Bacterial Count

1,000,000,000 bacteria

Conditions • food

• oxygen

• a way to get rid of their wastes

Needed

Shapes

• coccus

• bacillus

• spirillum

of Bacteria

The prefix “staph” means they are

growing in a clump or cluster.

The prefix “strep” means they are

growing in a chain.

virus nucleic acid core with a protein coat

• not made of cells

• cannot obtain energy

• does not reproduce on its own

The Virus

Viruses • AIDS/HIV

• chicken pox

• cold sores

• hepatitis

Viruses • influenza

• measles

• mumps

• polio

Viruses • small pox

• rabies

• warts

• West Nile Virus

Kingdom Protista

• eukaryotic cells

• unicellular

algae protozoans

Kingdom Protista

• protozoans

• can usually move themselves

• can capture prey

Kingdom Protista

• algae

• does not move around

• produces its own food through photosynthesis

Kingdom Protista

• cilia

• short, hair-like extensions from a cell membrane

Protist Movements

paramecium

cilia

• flagella

• long, whip-like extensions from a cell membrane

Protist Movements

euglena

flagella

• pseudopodia • pseudopodia

false foot

Protist Movements

amoeba pseudopodia

• oral groove

• vacuole

• anal pore

Protist Nutrition

oral groove

vacuole

anal pore

• invagination

• an intruding

• chloroplasts

invagination

Protist Nutrition

• plankton

• a variety of bacterial and protist organisms that float in the ocean

Kingdom Protista

• fragmentation

• asexual reproduction caused by the splitting of a colonial organism

Protist Reproduction

• conjugation

• the union of two organisms or cells for the purpose of exchanging portions of their genetic material

Protist Reproduction

Kingdom Fungi

Fungal Structure • hyphae

• fungal cells

• long filaments

• spores

• reproduction

• withstand harsh conditions

Fungal Structure

zygote a diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes

stalk gills

cap

Fungal Nutrition • saprophyte

• absorbs nutrients from dead material

Fungal Nutrition • parasite

• absorbs nutrients from living material

• symbiosis

• both species benefit from living together

Fungal Nutrition

Fungi • symbiosis

• mycorrhizae

• mycor = fungus

• rhizae = root

Benefits of Fungi

• decomposition

• reducing waste

• releasing nutrients into the soil

to the Environment

Harmful Effects of Fungi

• diseases