Kingdom Archaebacteria

*Ancient Bacteria*

The Extremists!

Three Types of Environments

(All with little oxygen & sunlight)

• Oxygen-free environments,

these produce methane

• Bodies of concentrated salt

water

• Hot, acidic waters of sulfur

springs

Characteristics• Prokaryote

• Can reproduce by binary fission (asexual)

• Can reproduce by conjugation – (sexual

reproduction)

• Chemosynthetic

• Cell wall of NO peptidoglycan

Examples: thermophiles, halophiles,

methanogens

Kingdom Eubacteria

*True Bacteria*

Characteristics:• Prokaryote

• Unicellular

• Cell Wall has peptidoglycan

• Examples: E. coli,

Streptococcus, Lactobacillus

Three Types:

• Heterotrophic

• Photosynthetic Autotrophs

• Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

Heterotrophs• Found everywhere!

• Some live as parasites

–Live off a host

• Some live as sapropytes

–Live off detritus (dead, decaying

matter)

–Beneficial because they recycle

nutrients back into the ecosystem

Photosynthetic Autotrophs

• Obtain energy from light

• Cyanobacteria found here

• Common in ponds, streams, moist areas

• Most bacteria are unicellular, these are

“chains” of cells

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

• Breakdown inorganic substances (sulfur

& nitrogen compounds) for energy

–Important because some convert free

nitrogen in the atmosphere into a

usable form for plants

A few more things to write down:

• Bacteria can move by flagella, cilia (pili),

& pseudopodia Bacteria infect by making

toxins, Viruses infect by injecting nucleic

acid

• Anything that causes disease is a

pathogen (bacteria are pathogens, too!)

Structure of Bacteria

• A bacterium is

made up

of a thick

cell wall

that encloses

and protects

cellular material

Bacteria Classification

SHAPES

• Coccus - round shaped

• Bacillus – rod shaped

• Spirillum – spiral shaped

Arrangement

• Paired (diplo) – two together

• Grape-like Cluster (staphylo) – several

clumped together

• Long Chain (strepto) – chain of bacteria

Harmful Bacteria

• Less than 1% of bacteria causes human

disease

• Commonly treated with antibiotics

• Causes holes to form in bacterial cell walls

• The antibiotic penicillin will not kill viruses

since viruses are not living

• Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics

through overuse or incorrect use

Helpful Bacteria

• The majority of bacteria is noninvasive or

harmless to humans

• Bacteria in the intestine aids in digestion

• Bacteria are used to make foods such as

yogurt, pickles, cheese, butter, etc.

• Bacteria helps recycle nutrients back into the

soil