Domain Bacteria: Eubacteria Domain Archea: Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Previously called Monera

Prokaryotes No Nucleus, No membrane bound

organelles

6 Major Kingdoms:

1. Archaebacteria2. EubacteriaDomain Eukaryote

1. Protista2. Fungi3. Planta4. Animalia

1. prokaryotes2. prokaryotes

3. Unicell, and multicelled

4. Mostly Multicellular, heterotrophs

5. Muticelled, autotrophs

6. Muticelled heterotrophs

Bacteria Kingdom Characteristics:

Archaebacteria Extremists Saline (salt)

habitats Hot sulfur

springs

Eubacteria Heterotrophs Parasites Saprobes Nitrogen

fixation Photosynthetic

autotrophs

Penicillin Mold (Fungus)

Penicillin Mold Kills Bacteria

First “Antibiotic” Alexander

Fleming discovered in 1928

Penicillin inhibits the growth of bacteria

Macrophage (white blood cell) engulfs a bacterium in the

immune system

Bacteria Structure:

Classified by Shape, Size, Staining, Environment, & Color

Streptococcus Bacteria

Below: Cynobacteria and Salmonella

Autotroph Bacteria Flagellated Bacteria

Spiral or Spirilli BacteriaExample: Syphilis-STD

Bacilli Bacteria Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis: Bacterial Infection

Bacterial Reproduction:Genetic

Recombination (Sexual)

Conjugation Exchange of DNA Variety

AsexualBinary

fissionNo Variety

Aerobic Bacteria require oxygen & can make cavities!

Anaerobic Bacteria live without oxygen, in our intestines & may be in polluted waters

E. Coli from human feces

Helpful in the intestines

Harmful in other parts of the body

Endospores

Thick Walled structures which keep bacteria in a Dormant state

No reproduction during this time Metabolic activity is shut down Protects bacteria against hostile

environments “Come back to life” with favorable

conditions

Bacteria can be Helpful and Harmful

Helpful

1. Nitrogen fixation

2. Decomposition

3. Used to make Food

Harmful

1. Bacteria Cause Diseases

Making Cheese with Bacteria

?Life on Mars?

This meteorite was probably blasted off of the surface of the planet Mars about 16 million years ago by an impact with an asteroid and travelled through space to the earth, where it landed on Antarctica about 13,000 years ago. Some scientists believe that the rod-shaped structures across the top and center of this image may be tiny fossilized bacteria. Many other scientists believe that the structures were formed by processes other than life.

NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.

"Martian Meteorite ALH84001," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2000. © 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Bacteria Cultures: Inoculate = to place Agar = culture

medium (nutrients) One colony

(circle)= billions of bacteria

A colony begins from one bacterium

Incubate at 37oC= body temperature

Genetic Engineering of Insulin

THE END