ATFM Delays in Europe - EUROCONTROL | Supporting ......nalysis of the delay causes contributing to the December 2012 average delay per flight of 14 minutes (Figure 3) shows an increase

Delays increased in December 2012 with delays from all-causes showing an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 32 minutes, an 11% increase in comparison to the low delays observed in December 2011. However delays remained below the record highs of 2009 and 2010.

Delays increased in December 2012 with delays from all-causes showing an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 32 minutes, an 11% increase in comparison to the low delays observed in December 2011. However delays remained below the record highs of 2009 and 2010.

Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe December 2012

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex 1.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Overview. ........................................................................................................................ 3

2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ................................................................................................... 6

3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ...................................................................................................... 10

4. Summary of Significant Events in December 2012. .............................................................................. 12

5. Scheduling Indicators............................................................................................................................ 12

A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators............................................................................ 15

B. Busiest Airport pairs .............................................................................................................................. 16

C. All-causes departure delay by hour....................................................................................................... 17

D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports ................. 18

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 19

F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)................................................................................................ 20

G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ........................................................................................ 22

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation ................................. 23

I. December 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. ....................................... 24

© 2013 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)

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Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels

The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 14/02/2013

EUROCONTROL 2 CODA

http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda


1. Headlines and Overview.

Delays increased in December 2012 with delays from all-causes shows an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 32 minutes, an 11% increase in comparison to the low level observed in December 2011. However delays remained below the record highs of 2009 and 2010, there was also a fall in traffic of 5.6%.

December 2012 was a month more strongly affected by weather delays, ‘other weather’ delays increased from 0.7 minutes to 1.4 minutes per flight during the month (Figure 3). On the 7th of December airport weather delays were observed particularly at Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Düsseldorf and Geneva, there was also industrial action at Brest ACC. On the 9th of December weather delays were at observed Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin-Tegel and Copenhagen airports mainly from snow and related low visibility, strong winds were also noted at Amsterdam and London Heathrow airports.

The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic increased by 3 minutes to 32 minutes per flight. In regard to arrival delay, this also increased by 3 minutes to 32 minutes per flight.

The percentage of flights delayed (by 5 minutes or more) increased by 5 percentage points to 43% on departure and by 3 percentage points for those on arrival to 42%.

Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison

Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison

EUROCONTROL 3 CODA


nalysis of the delay causes contributing to the December 2012 average delay per flight of 14 Aminutes (Figure 3) shows an increase in the contribution of reactionary delay, this was up from 4.8 to 6 minutes per flight. Airline related delay also increased, this up to 3.6 minutes per flight from 3.2 minutes per flight in 2011. ATFM en-route related delays remained stable at 0.3 minutes per flight. Other weather notable increased from 0.7 minutes to 1.4 minutes per flight.

Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping

Figure 3. Primary delay causes, December 2011 vs. December 2012

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, December 2011 vs. December 2012

EUROCONTROL 4 CODA


Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 3.5%, this was a small decrease in share compared to December 2011, with actual delay minutes falling by 9%. The share of ATFM airport delay decreased by 1 percentage points, however total ATFCM airport delay minutes increased 1% in comparison to December 2011 (Figure 4).

EUROCONTROL 5 CODA


2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1

The average delay per flight from all causes of delay increased by 26%, to 14 minutes per flight when compared to December 2011 (Figure 6). However the average delay was the second lowest in the previous 5 years.

In December 2012, 40% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule decreased to 15% (Figure 7). Flights delayed >30 minutes increased by 3 points to 12%.

Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

1A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes.

The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

EUROCONTROL 6 CODA


Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes

Following the increase in delay flights with long delays saw increases, those with >120 minutes increasing to 1.6%.

Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)

Weather delays increased considerably, these increased to 1.4 minutes per flight and saw a 4 saw an

increase in its contribution to the average delay per flight from 4.8 to 6 minutes, with its percentage share of the total delay minutes increasing by 1 percentage point to 46%. The average delay per flight due Technical and Aircraft Equipment delay saw a small increase however the percentage share fell to 9% from 11%. The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17.

point increase in their share of the total delay minutes.(Figure 9). Reactionary delay

EUROCONTROL 7 CODA


Figur re Airports December 2012

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per Departure

(mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change (vs. Dec

11)

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

e 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departu

1 TEGEL-BERLIN EDDT 20.2 156% 36.4 55.5%

2 LISBOA LPPT 18.9 66% 33.7 56.0%

3 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 17.7 44% 29.3 60.6%

4 STOCKHOLM-

ARLANDA ESSA 17.5 77% 28.3 61.7%

5 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 16.9 1% 32.9 51.4%

6 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 16.8 54% 35.6 47.1%

7 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 16.7 43% 30.1 55.4%

8 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 16.5 -2% 32.3 51.3%

9 HELSINKI-VANTAA EFHK 15.8 43% 26.1 60.5%

10 COPENHAGEN

KASTRUP EKCH 15.6 115% 32.6 47.7%

11 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 15.5 59% 40.0 38.6%

12 DUESSELDORF EDDL 15.1 84% 32.8 45.9%

13 KOELN-BONN EDDK 14.7 72% 32.7 45.1%

14 MUENCHEN 2 EDDM 14.7 18% 25.2 58.2%

15 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 14.6 52% 31.0 47.1%

16 MANCHESTER EGCC 14.4 -15% 27.9 51.4%

17 WARSZAWA/OKECIE EPWA 14.3 59% 33.1 43.3%

18 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 14.2 -4% 27.2 52.0%

19 OSLO/GARDERMOEN ENGM 14.0 10% 29.8 46.9%

20 ZURICH LSZH 13.6 31% 22.7 59.9%

Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

December saw many airports experience delays as a result of weather, Berlin-Tegel ranked top of the Top 20 affected airports with an average delay per flight of 20 mins, the airport saw flights suffer from weather delays on departure particularly on the 7th and 9th December. Lisbon also experienced delays, with en-route delays from staffing affecting flights as well as weather and reactionary delays. London Heathrow saw an average delay per flight of 18 minutes, a high proportion of airline-related delays were observed as well as delays due to weather. See (Annex D). For arrival delay information see (Figure 15).

EUROCONTROL 8 CODA


Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 ec rt ec

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Del r D

Flight Percentage

Change (vs. Dec11)

Delay Per Dela

D

Percentage Delayed

Departures

most aff ted airpo

Average ay Pe

pairs D

Average Delay per

ember 2012

Average

epartureyed

eparture

1 GE VE N ATWICK 63.9% NE COINTRIN LO DON/G 27.7 34% 43.4

2 STO OLM-A HELSINKI-VANT 218% 73.5% CKH RLANDA AA 26.1 35.5

3 HE INK C ARL 24.0 1 62.3% LS I-VANTAA STO KHOLM- ANDA 33% 38.5

4 AALBOR COPENHA KASTRUP 23.5 288% 49.5% G GEN 47.4

5 LONDON/HEAT LISBOA 23.4 38% 31.3 74.8% HROW

6 TEGEL-BERLIN KOELN-BONN 22.4 622% 52.3% 42.8

7 TEGEL-BERLIN STUT T 22.2 380% 58.1% TGAR 38.3

8 TEGEL-BERLIN MUENCHEN 2 21.4 136% 53.0% 40.4

9 COPENHAGEN KASTRUP RG 238% 49.5% AALBO 21.4 43.1

10 STO OL B NDV R 202% 71.9% CKH M-BROMMA GOTE ORG/LA ETTE 21.3 29.7

11 GOTEBORG/LA TOCK ARLANDA 123% 58.8% NDVETTER S HOLM- 21.0 35.7

12 LISBO B ONA 51.7% A ARCEL 20.9 95% 40.6

13 KOELN-B TE RLI 4 50.1% ONN GEL-BE N 20.9 61% 41.7

14 LO ON ENEVE OINTRIN 64.0% ND /GATWICK G C 20.9 64% 32.6

15 LISBO O 54.0% A PORT 20.7 94% 38.4

16 UM C ARLANDA 1 70.5% EA STO KHOLM- 20.7 05% 29.4

17 PARIS CH DE ISTANBUL-ATAT 69.2% GAULLE URK 20.5 -9% 29.6

18 LO N/ M EN 69.9% NDO HEATHROW UENCH 2 20.5 24% 29.3

19 LO N/HEATHROW MADRID RAJ -18% 79.8% NDO BA AS 20.4 25.6

20 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 20.1 21% 37.3 53.9%

The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows the effect that the weather conditions had on operations. Flights from Geneva to London Gatwick experienced delays from weather as well as en-route delays. The effects of the winter weather conditions in Stockholm and Berlin-Tegel can also be seen with city pairs to and from these airports seeing delays. For further information on arrival delays see (Figure 16).

EUROCONTROL 9 CODA


3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes increased from 11 minutes to 14 minutes per flight, this was a 20% increase. (see Figure 13).

Analysis of ar ty on Figu s that l e e e 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled arrival a al e 2, arrivals in advance of 15 minutes decreased 1.5% to 9%, follo increase in departure delays.

Figure 13. Avera er fligh als

rival punctuali re 14, show 24% of f time. In

ights arriv reverswing the

d on timof the tr

within thnd in 201

ge delay p t (all-Causes) for Arriv

Figu 4. A unctu 2

re 1 ll-Causes arrival p ality 2011 vs. 201

2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

EUROCONTROL 10 CODA


Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports December 2012

erage Average

Delay per Average

Delayed Arrival

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code

Delay per

Arrival (mins)

Flight Percentage Change (vs.

Delay per

Percentage Delayed Arrivals

Av

Dec 11)

1 LISBOA LPPT 20.8 67% 36.7 56.5%

2 STOCKHOLM-

ARLANDA ESSA 20.1 92% 36.0 56.0%

3 KOELN-BONN EDDK 18.4 90% 37.8 48.6%

4 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 18.0 43% 34.5 52.3%

5 HELSINKI-VANTAA EFHK 17.1 27% 31.3 54.7%

6 TEGEL-BERLIN EDDT 16.9 114% 36.1 46.7%

7 COPENHAGEN

KASTRUP EKCH 16.5 107% 34.1 48.4%

8 OSLO/GARDERMOEN ENGM 15.8 -5% 30.8 51.4%

9 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 15.8 51% 34.8 45.3%

10 DUESSELDORF EDDL 15.3 75% 35.2 43.4%

11 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 14.9 29% 36.9 40.4%

12 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 14.9 4% 37.3 39.8%

13 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 14.7 -11% 35.6 41.4%

14 STUTTGART EDDS 14.5 85% 34.5 41.9%

15 BRUSSELS NATIONAL

EBBR 14.3 51% 33.0 43.4%

16 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 14.1 72% 32.3 43.6%

17 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 14.1 11% 33.6 41.9%

18 MUENCHEN 2 EDDM 13.9 32% 32.0 43.5%

19 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 13.9 6% 32.3 42.9%

20 MANCHESTER EGCC 13.6 -25% 33.7 40.2%

Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

When analysing thea

Top 20 affected arrival airports; Lisbon experienced delays from en-route nd ATC capacity delays that affected earlier flights consequently a high share of reactionary

n-Tegel with all but one of the top 10 airports (Oslo Gardemoen) seeing increases in their average delay per flight.

delay was noted, this resulted in average delay per flight of 21 minutes. The effect of seasonal weather conditions can be observed particularly at Stockholm, London Heathrow and Berli

EUROCONTROL 11 CODA


Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IA c

TA delay odes.

CODIATA

A CAUSE Description Code

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft a p Handling nd Ram 31‐39

Technical ircra uipm and A ft Eq ent 41‐49 Airli

Damage t raft P/Aut ted Equipment Fao Airc & ED oma ilure 51‐58

Flight Operations a ewingnd Cr 61‐69

ne

Other Air late uses line Re d Ca Others

ATFM due stri at De ion A t to Re ction stinat irpor 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictio irpo Desti n ns at A rt of natio 88 Airport

Restrictio irpo Departure ns at A rt of 89

ATFM due C E ute Demand / Capacity to AT n‐Ro 81 En‐Route

ATFM du C S Equipment En‐Route e to AT taff / 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

eactioR nary Late Arriv ircr rew, Passengers ad al of A aft, C or Lo 91‐96

4. Summary of Significant Events in December 2012.

Seasonal weather (snow, low visibility and winds) affected London Heathrow, Amsterdam

Schiphol, Frankfurt, Munich, Stockholm-Arlanda, Zurich, Geneva, Berlin-Tegel and Madrid Barajas.

Canary Island airports experienced delays due to capacity problems as a result of runways

configurations from southerly winds.

Lisbon social issues affected capacity

Istanbul Ataturk: Wind direction caused capacity delays from limited use of optimum runway configuration.

Brest ACC 7th of December industrial action.

EUROCONTROL 12 CODA


5. Scheduling Indicators

ed for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of reso airframes, infrastructurworse as lat te rotational delay with aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accomm ve on time but arrive after the schedu e of arrival, they cause reactiona

The first of the new COD the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This indicator describes the perc lock time that exceeds the sc d block time.

In December 2012 the BTO % when compared to December 2011. This indicates that less flights had an actual block time exceeding the scheduled block time. In comparison to November 20 by 5 percentage points.

Figure 18. Block Time Overs

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blockurces - staff,

e flights generae. But too short a time can arguably be

late incomingodated. When flights leary delays.

led tim

A Scheduling indicators isentage of flights with an actual b hedule

decreased by 1 point to 33

12 the BTO increased, this

hoot (BTO).

EUROCONTROL 13 CODA


tors is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows the difference between departure and arrival punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be

The second of the new indica

indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes.

The DDI-F on European flights in December 2012 was -2.6 minutes per flight, this was at a similar level to that observed in December 2011, where the DDI-F was -2.7 minutes per flight.

Figure 19. Delay Difference Indicator – Flight (DDI-F)

EUROCONTROL 14 CODA


A. Y

delay from all causes. A

igure 20. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

ear-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators offlight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 65% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in December 2012.

F

Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 22. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures left, arrivals right)

EUROCONTROL 15 CODA


Rank Between airport and airport Flights/Day

Dec 12

since

Dec 11 (%)

B. Busiest Airport pairs

Figure 23. Busiest airport pairs for flights in December 2012

Change

1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN-

MENDERES 64.0 15%

2 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 57.1 2%

3 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 57.0 -29%

4 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 56.0 2%

5 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 53.2 -8%

6 NICE PARIS ORLY 51.1 5%

7 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 50.4 2%

8 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 49.5 0%

9 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 48.9 -3%

10 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 41.9 -16%

11 CATANIA

FONTANAROSSA ROME FIUMICINO 41.9 -3%

12 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 40.0 2%

13 GUERNSEY JERSEY 39.3 -13%

14 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 39.2 -6%

15 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 38.9 11%

16 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 38.8 -5%

17 MUENCHEN 2 TEGEL-BERLIN 38.4 -9%

18 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 38.3 -7%

19 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 36.7 -22%

20 LONDON/HEATHROW SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM 36.6 1%

ence Area (ESRA08) than in December 2011.

Istanbul to Izmir was the busiest airport pairing in December, with this pair seeing an increase in flights of 15%. The continuation in the trend of falling traffic in Spain can be seen, particularly between Madrid Barajas and Barcelona as well as Palma and Barcelona, with flights falling by 29% and 16% respectively.

In December 2012 there were 5.6% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Refer

EUROCONTROL 16 CODA


C. All-causes departure delay by hour

ay and major causes.

Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day December 2012.

This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the d

Figure 25. All-causes depa

rture delay by hour of the day December 2011.

EUROCONTROL 17 CODA


D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure

ummarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on

s. PDF December 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

Airports

For airports with an average of more than 70 departures a day, this annex s

departure in the month.

Figure 26. ADD v

Figure 27. ADD vs. PDF December 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

EUROCONTROL 18 CODA


EUROCONTROL 19 CODA

l Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights

PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADR Average Delay per Regulated Flight ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines AHM Airport Handling Manual ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function)

BTO Block Time Overshoot CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight DNM Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Tota

TDF Total Delayed Flights

ATS Air Traffic Services


F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES

NO LABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY SCH TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

LATLAT

CHOVBO missing checked-in passenger

(PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal itemCAT r BAG

RED s with reduced mobility.

(CP) LATE POSITIONING LATINA

(CO) OVERSALES, booking errors LAT

DO (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only)

LAT

AIR etc. LOA staff

5 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING FUE er CAT

(GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability akdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

AIR (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release.

and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance

(TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. AOAIR

(TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. SCH

DAM ing strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing DAM ons (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage, con

(ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL CARFLI

(EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

06 (OA) GATE/STAND AVAI09 (SG) EDULED GROUND

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) E CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) E CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) ECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) ERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) ARDING, discrepancies and paging,16

s 17 (PC) ERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplie

18 (PB) GAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. r19 (PW) UCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passenge

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 2223 (CC) E ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) DEQUATE PACKING 2526 (CU) E PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) CUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 2829 (CA) E ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) CRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest,

32 (GL) DING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading33 (GE) DING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loaLOA der, lack of staff34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 336 (GF) LLING/DEFUELLING, fuel suppli37 (GB) ERING, late delivery or loading 3839 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or bre

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) CRAFT DEFECTS. 4243 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks

schedule. 4445 (TA) G SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) CRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 4748 (TV) EDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) AGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightn

52 (DG) AGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisitamination, towing, extreme weather conditions

5556 (EC) GO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) GHT PLANS 58

EUROCONTROL 20 CODA


EUROCONTROL 21 CODA

61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation F) ONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration

3 (FT) CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or

t time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,

) G OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 7 (FC) ckness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

, not within operational requirements extraordinary

Wea

erviceability of equipment

IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATF RNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR ANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS TY, standard demand/capacity problems

OUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring

ON AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, l unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

4 (AW) ATION

AIR T AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

s, gate limitations, etc. TINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial se abatement, night curfew, special flights

TH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air obstruction or weather3, industrial ghts

ther flight

tire crew) consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Mis

8 (MO)

CE

Flight Operations and Crewing

62 (F OPERATI6 LATE

entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, fligh

health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL LATE CABIN CREW BOARDIN6 CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, si

documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST

, 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK

ther 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding uns76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING

M + AIRPORT + GOVE

TRAFFIC FLOW M81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACI82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-R

ry exercise orshortage, equipment failure, militaarea

83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATIindustrial action, staff shortage, politica

8 ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTIN

POR85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH

parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, building87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DES

t, noiaction, staff shortage, political unresT OF DEPARTURE WI89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPOR

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special fli

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from ano92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight

flight (flight deck or en95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another on, 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversi

cellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 9 INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOUR : IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

apacity problems

d by industrial action or capacity reduction in

neighbouring area STRIAL ACTION IPMENT FAILURE

nd/or runway closed due to abatement, night curfew,

special flights

X EQUIPMENT FAILURE

87 (AF) itations, etc.

Y

INFRASTRUCTURE

J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM

LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK HE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT

H OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including ed due to obstruction or

W ATC EQUIPMENT T/INCIDENT

DE-ICING

N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSH J LOST FLIGHT PL H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of airc ft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS

OUTSIDE Y CREW LIMITS X ETOPS

81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/c Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity cause

y demand due to staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinar

Z INDU Y EQU X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport a

obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION

W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW

R OTHER

AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate lim

Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS RAMP CONGESTION

X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE

WN / SLOW V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DO U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE

P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER

L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION

H LATE OR G ANY OF T 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WIT

Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway clos weather.

Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING

V ATC ACCIDEN U ATC DUE TO T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST

BACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) AN BY ATC

ra

U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS

EUROCONTROL 22 CODA


EUROCONTROL 23 CODA

CFMU Reasons for Regulation

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the

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I. December 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.

EUROCONTROL 24 CODA

Documents

ATFM Delays in Europe - EUROCONTROL | Supporting ......nalysis of the delay causes contributing to the December 2012 average delay per flight of 14 minutes (Figure 3) shows an increase