ATFM Delays in Europe - EUROCONTROL | …...March saw the start of the events in Libya with a no-fly zone being enforced, the main effect being on traffic flows in the region, rather

Delays improved markedly in 2011, in spite of a 3% increase in flights. While much of the improvement was because of poor performance in 2010 – due to the ash cloud, strikes during the summer and poor weather – by many indicators 2011 saw the best performance of the last five years for delay.

Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe 2011

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex 1.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

This report discusses delays from all-Causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Headlines and 2011 Oveview..................................................................................................................................... 3 2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ..................................................................................................................... 7 3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ........................................................................................................................ 11 4. Summary of Significant Events in 2011.................................................................................................................. 13 A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators ............................................................................................ 16 B. Busiest Airport pairs ................................................................................................................................................ 17 C. All-causes departure delay by hour ........................................................................................................................ 18 D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports.............................. 19 E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 20 F. Standard IATA Delay Codes .................................................................................................................................... 21 G. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation............................................... 23

© 2012 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)

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* This revised version of the Digest discusses all-causes of delay. For more details of the ATFCM delay situation please see the sister publications available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels

The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 14/03/2012

EUROCONTROL 2 CODA

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1. Headlines and 2011 Overview.

Following the high levels of delay experienced in 2010, the results for 2011 show delays have returned to levels similar to those seen in 2009.

The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay was 28 minutes, this was a decrease of 17%.

The percentage of flights delayed (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 8 percentage points to 37% in comparison to 2010

The percentage of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes on departure decreased from 20% to 18%.

The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 29 minutes, this was a decrease of 18%.

The percentage of flights delayed on arrival (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 7 percentage points to 36% in comparison to 2010.

Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison

Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison

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2. 2011 Overview

2011 was a year that saw far less industrial action disruption than 2010 and alongside coordinated action by ATM to address the recurring capacity problems, a month on month trend in 2011 of consistently lower average delays per flight was observed. This resulted in monthly average delays similar to those seen throughout 2009. 2011 saw the lowest delays for 5 years. An overview of the 2011 and previous years performance can be found in (Annex A).

Weather Delays:

In January and February, mainly weather delays were observed, with Frankfurt and Heathrow being particularly affected by snow, high winds and low visibility.

During summer, Frankfurt airport suffered from airport delays, alongside Heathrow and Munich. An increase in weather related delay minutes was seen in June. In August weather also affected Heathrow, Paris, Zurich and again Frankfurt.

December saw significantly lowers delays when compared to cold weather disrupted December 2009 & 2010. However cold weather delays were still experienced in Heathrow, Amsterdam and Geneva. Munich and Istanbul suffered from snow during the month.

Air Traffic Control Delays:

Capacity delays in Spain, Canaries and Greece affected delays in July, Summer seasonal airports saw delays particularly Palma and Madrid.

Delays in Cyprus as a result of aircraft re-routing to avoid Greek airspace.

Airport Delays:

In June a new control tower was implemented at Frankfurt with a slight increase in delays being observed.

September saw strikes in Italy and Greece, with high delays at Athens and Rome airports. Some flight cancellations were observed at the airports, flights that did operate saw delays.

Warsaw airport was closed for two days following an aircraft incident that blocked its runway on the 1st and 2nd November.

Airspace Disruptions:

March saw the start of the events in Libya with a no-fly zone being enforced, the main effect being on traffic flows in the region, rather than a direct impact on delays.

A smaller volcanic ash disruption in Iceland (Grimsvotn) the main effect of this being in aircraft re-routing to avoid temporally closed airspace in Germany and northern UK.

Industrial action in France, Greece and Italy occurred in May.

Summer and autumn saw severe social tension and industrial action in Greece.

There was also a strike in Portugal on the 23rd and 24th November, the main effects of this action were in flights re-routing and cancellations.

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Analysis of delay causes contributing to the average delay per flight in minutes (Figure 3) shows falls in contribution in all of the delay causes. Reactionary delay contribution fell by 34% to 2.3 minutes. Other falls included the contribution of ATFCM delay to the average (a fall of 1 minute per flight) following a far less industrial action affected year Figure 4. Other weather (non ATFCM related weather delays) also fell (down 65%) because of less extreme cold weather, particularly snowfall as seen in December 2010. (Figure 4).

Figure 3. Primary delay causes, 2011

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, 2011

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Figure 5. ATFCM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFCM proportion of the primary delay by quarter for 2009, 2010 and 2011 (

Figure 5). 2011 saw a continuation in the trend of lower ATFCM shares of primary delay during the first two quarters of the year, followed by an increase in the remainder of the year. However 2011 differed slightly as the ATFCM share of primary delay increased throughout the year, from a starting level similar to that seen in Q1 2009. Q4 experienced a 17.2% share in delay minutes for en-route delay; the highest in the year, closely followed by Q3. The months of September and October saw higher shares in ATFCM delay following Greek social tensions which affected Athens and Makedonia ACC as well as Athens airport.

In comparison to 2010 the proportions of en-route delay remained lower than the exceptional levels seen during 2010 Q3 & 4, a period which saw disruption due to industrial action in France, Spain and Greece throughout the summer.

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3. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1

The average delay per flight from all-causes of delay decreased by 31% to 10 minutes in 2011. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay was 28 minutes.

Departure punctuality improved with 43% of flights departing on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled departure time), an improvement of 4 percentage points. Flights departing 5-15 minutes ahead of schedule saw an increase of 4 points (see Figure 7).

Figure 6. Average delay per movement (all-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. All-causes departure punctuality 2010 vs 2011

1A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes.

The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA, which for 2011 contains details on 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 8. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)

The average delay per flight and share of delay minutes for all-causes is shown in Figure 8 (grouped by IATA code). Reactionary delay saw a fall in minutes from 6.8 minutes to 4.5 minutes per flight and a small fall in its share of the total delay minutes for the year. Technical and Equipment delay share increased by 3 points, however its contribution to the average delay for this cause fell. Indeed, all individual causes saw a drop in their minutes per flight that they caused. The most significant fall in 2011 came for ATFCM En-Route Demand and Capacity and Weather related delay following significantly less en-route delays and extreme winter weather conditions as experienced in 2011, with both categories seeing their contribution to the average delay fall by half. The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 16.

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Figure 9. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports 2011

Rank Departure airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per Departure

(mins)

Average Delay per Departure

Percentage Change

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 16.1 -20% 29.8 54.3%

2 LISBOA LPPT 13.6 -31% 28.1 48.4%

3 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 13.2 -30% 30.6 43.0%

4 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.7 -36% 33.1 38.2%

5 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 12.5 -27% 25.5 49.1%

6 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 12.5 -43% 29.0 43.1%

7 ALICANTE LEAL 11.9 -39% 27.7 42.8%

8 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 11.4 -29% 22.1 51.5%

9 MALAGA LEMG 11.3 -45% 28.8 39.3%

10 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 11.1 -30% 23.6 47.1%

11 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 10.9 -48% 27.0 40.4%

12 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.7 -30% 24.5 43.8%

13 BARCELONA LEBL 10.6 -32% 27.9 38.1%

14 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM EHAM 10.6 -25% 25.6 41.3%

15 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 10.4 -36% 24.4 42.7%

16 MUNICH EDDM 10.4 -18% 20.5 50.9%

17 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 10.4 -41% 25.7 40.3%

18 NICE LFMN 10.2 -44% 25.5 40.1%

19 PARIS ORLY LFPO 10.2 -40% 24.6 41.5%

20 WARSAW EPWA 10.1 -28% 27.0 37.4%

Figure 10. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Analysis of the Top 20 most affected departure airports shows the overall lower delays in 2011, with all of the Top 20 affected airports seeing reductions in their average delay per flight. Madrid Barajas saw the highest average delay per flight following delays due to en-route delays and airport capacity. Lisbon was affected by arrival airport delays at other EU hubs, as well en-route delays in Spain. Palma suffered particularly in the summer holiday peak months from airport capacity related departure delays and en-route delays in Barcelona and Marseille. Manchester saw delays from arrival restrictions at the major hub airports as well as seasonal leisure destinations. Paris CDG experienced high proportions of airline related delay. Frankfurt suffered from weather delays.

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Figure 11. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs 2011

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average

Delay Per Departure

% Change

since Previous Period

Average Delay Per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 ROME FIUMICINO MADRID BARAJAS 21.9 -20% 31.6 69.2%

2 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 20.5 -20% 33.2 61.6%

3 LAS PALMAS MADRID BARAJAS 19.9 -3% 35.4 56.3%

4 TENERIFE NORTE MADRID BARAJAS 19.7 -5% 31.2 63.1%

5 MADRID BARAJAS TENERIFE NORTE 19.5 0% 29.3 66.6%

6 PARIS ORLY MADRID BARAJAS 19.4 -11% 31.8 60.8%

7 IBIZA MADRID BARAJAS 18.6 -31% 36.7 50.6%

8 MADRID BARAJAS LAS PALMAS 18.1 -11% 31.3 57.8%

9 MADRID BARAJAS LONDON/HEATHROW 17.6 -20% 28.4 62.1%

10 MADRID BARAJAS IBIZA 17.5 -30% 33.3 52.7%

11 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM FRANKFURT MAIN 17.5 -3% 28.5 61.4%

12 MADRID BARAJAS VALENCIA 17.2 12% 32.6 52.6%

13 MUNICH MADRID BARAJAS 17.1 -15% 26.4 64.9%

14 MADRID BARAJAS PARIS ORLY 16.8 -3% 28.1 59.7%

15 MADRID BARAJAS ROME FIUMICINO 16.7 -19% 29.8 56.1%

16 MADRID BARAJAS VIGO 16.5 -1% 30.7 53.8%

17 LISBOA MADRID BARAJAS 16.1 -17% 33.5 48.1%

18 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM MADRID BARAJAS 15.9 -36% 27.8 57.2%

19 MADRID BARAJAS FRANKFURT MAIN 15.9 -21% 27.8 57.1%

20 MADRID BARAJAS MUNICH 15.8 -10% 29.7 53.3%

An analysis of the Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that Madrid features frequently in the Top 20 with both arrival and departure delay being prominent. Both international and domestic flights were affected following airport ATC capacity delays at Madrid. Frankfurt also features following the high arrival delays from weather in 2011.

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4. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2

The average delay per flight from all-causes decreased by 31% to 10 minutes in 2011 when compared to last year, see Figure 12. The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 29 minutes.

As for arrival punctuality, 26% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time), a 2 percentage point improvement. In addition, flights arriving 5-15 minutes ahead of schedule increased to 29% from 25%.

Figure 12. Average delay per flight (all-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 13. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2010 vs 2011

2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA, which for 2011 contains details on 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 14. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports 2011

Rank Arrival airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per

Arrival (mins)

Average Delay per

Arrival Percentage

Change

Average Delay per

Delayed Arrival

Percentage Delayed Arrivals

1 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 21.1 -14% 33.8 62.4%

2 MANCHESTER EGCC 14.0 -34% 38.3 36.5%

3 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 13.4 -37% 26.6 50.4%

4 LISBOA LPPT 12.7 -29% 29.5 43.2%

5 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 12.5 -25% 29.2 42.7%

6 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.4 -48% 35.3 35.1%

7 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 11.9 -45% 34.5 34.5%

8 BARCELONA LEBL 11.4 -28% 28.2 40.5%

9 ALICANTE LEAL 11.4 -37% 27.9 40.8%

10 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 11.2 -26% 28.7 39.0%

11 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.9 -28% 29.3 37.3%

12 LAS PALMAS GCLP 10.9 -55% 27.7 39.3%

13 ATHINAI E. VENIZELOS

LGAV 10.2 -7% 26.1 38.9%

14 DUBLIN EIDW 10.0 -31% 28.5 35.2%

15 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 10.0 -32% 28.1 35.6%

16 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 10.0 -38% 32.6 30.5%

17 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM EHAM 9.8 -22% 34.4 28.6%

18 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.7 -42% 28.4 34.2%

19 OSLO/GARDERMOEN ENGM 9.7 -1% 26.2 37.0%

20 KOELN-BONN EDDK 9.5 -34% 27.0 35.4%

Figure 15. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports, Madrid experienced high shares in reactionary delays, with flights suffering from a build up of delay during the day impacting later flights. Istanbul ranked 3rd, following airport capacity problems. Weather delays in Frankfurt are prominent in Figure 15, with this airport being affected by weather delays throughout 2011.

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Figure 16. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.

CODA CAUSE Description

IATA Code

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69

Airline

Other Airline Related Causes Others

ATFM due to Restriction at Departure Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Airport

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81 En‐Route

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96

5. Summary of Significant Events in 2011.

January:

Low visibility and winds affected: Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Heathrow, Madrid, Munich, Vienna and Zurich.

Istanbul Ataturk: Airport capacity related delays.

Moscow Domodovo: Bomb attack in arrivals hall on 24th January 2011

Ski traffic increases particularly weekends (Saturdays).

Mount Etna volcanic eruption 11th to 14th January Catania airport closure

28/29/30th January Davos World Economic Forum. February:

Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Amsterdam: Affected by low visibility and winds.

Istanbul Ataturk: Airport capacity related delays.

Las Palmas works in progress.

London Heathrow 13th February: Temporary runway closure due to aircraft emergency landing.

Stockholm Arlanda: Affected by snow

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March:

Wind and low visibility Canary Islands, London airports, Frankfurt, Oslo.

ATC capacity and staffing Madrid ACC and Barajas.

Political unrest in Tunisia and Egypt: Minimal effect on delays.

Istanbul Ataturk: Airport capacity delays.

Libyan airspace closed: Minimal effect on delays, Malta ACC modified route structure, military activity.

April: ATC capacity delays in Spain. (Madrid, Canary Islands and Barcelona).

Oslo Gardermoen new ATC implementation system.

Thunderstorm activity, wind and low visibility affected Gran Canaria, Frankfurt, Barcelona, Madrid and Zurich.

Istanbul Ataturk aerodrome capacity delays.

May:

ATC capacity delays in Spain. (Madrid, Barcelona).

Industrial action: Greece (Athens) 11th and France 31st May.

Thunderstorm activity, wind and low visibility affected Frankfurt, Madrid, London Heathrow, Munich, Oslo and Geneva. Istanbul Ataturk aerodrome capacity delays

June:

ATC capacity delays in Spain. (Madrid, Barcelona).

Thunderstorm activity, high winds and low visibility Frankfurt, Madrid, London Heathrow, Munich.

Frankfurt: New control tower implementation (13th & 14th June)

Industrial action: Greece (28 & 29th June) July:

Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich and Amsterdam were affected by thunderstorms, high winds and low visibility.

Airport capacity related delays at Palma de Mallorca, Istanbul.

Helsinki runway resurfacing in progress.

ATC capacity and staffing delays Madrid, Barcelona, Canarias ACC, Nicosia, Athens, Warsaw and Makedonia.

August:

Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Heathrow, Paris and Zurich were affected by thunderstorms, high winds and low visibility.

ATC capacity and staffing delays Athens, Madrid, Barcelona, Canarias ACC, Langen, Marseille, Nicosia, Athens, Warsaw and Makedonia.

Airport capacity related delays at Palma de Mallorca, Istanbul and Kos.

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September:

ATC industrial action: Italy (6th Sept) Greece (22nd Sept)

Amsterdam & Heathrow: Thunderstorms, high winds & low visibility.

Frankfurt: Weather and ATC capacity delays.

Madrid and Athens: Airport ATC capacity delays.

October:

ATC Industrial action: Greece 4th & 5th October.

Athens, Amsterdam, Antalya, Heathrow, Faro, Istanbul, Madrid & Zurich: Airport capacity delays.

Frankfurt: Weather (strong winds, low cloud ceiling and occasional thunderstorms) ATC capacity delays were also recorded.

November:

Warsaw airport: Aircraft incident airport closure 1st and 2nd November.

ATC Industrial action: Portugal 23rd and 24th November.

Low visibility and strong winds: Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Heathrow, Munich.

Weather delays affected airports: Munich, Vienna, Amsterdam, Milan, Zurich, Berlin Tegel.

Implementation of new noise abatement procedures in Paris ACC.

December:

Cold weather related delays (de-icing) experienced in London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich (snow), Geneva, Manchester, Oslo, Madrid and Istanbul.

Istanbul Ataturk: Single runway operations and snow reduced capacity.

Stockholm: Power failure.

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A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all-causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in 2011.

Figure 17. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 18. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 19. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-Causes (departures left, arrivals right)

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B. Busiest Airport pairs

Figure 20. Busiest airport pairs for flights in 2011

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Flights/Day

2011 Change since 2010

(%)

1 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 76.0 -1%

2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN-

MENDERES 52.9 13%

3 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 50.8 3%

4 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 49.0 6%

5 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 47.4 -5%

6 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 47.3 1%

7 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 46.7 8%

8 NICE PARIS ORLY 45.1 7%

9 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 44.7 8%

10 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 42.7 7%

11 GUERNSEY JERSEY 42.4 3%

12 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 41.7 20%

13 MADRID BARAJAS PALMA DE MALLORCA 40.6 -2%

14 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 40.5 13%

15 DUESSELDORF MUNICH 39.4 0%

16 MUNICH TEGEL-BERLIN 39.0 5%

17 HAMBURG MUNICH 38.1 3%

18 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 38.0 10%

19 CATANIA

FONTANAROSSA ROME FIUMICINO 37.9 3%

20 COPENHAGEN KASTRUP AALBORG 37.7 1%

European flight growth in 2011 was 3.1% in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) in 2011 than in 2010.

2011 saw increases in the numbers of flights from Istanbul to Izmir, Antalya and Ankara of 13%, 20% and 13% respectively. Routes in the Norwegian domestic market also saw changes in their numbers of flights with Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger to Oslo experiencing increases of 6%, 8% and 7% respectively.

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C. All-causes departure delay by hour

This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes.

Figure 21. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2011.

Figure 22. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2010.

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D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports

For airports with an average of more than 80 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month.

Figure 23. ADD vs. PDF 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

Figure 24. ADD vs. PDF 2010 (2010 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

EUROCONTROL 19 CODA


EUROCONTROL 20 CODA

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADR Average Delay per Regulated Flight ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function)

ATS Air Traffic Services CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DNM Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association


F. Standard IATA Delay Codes

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal

items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest,

etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance

schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing,

collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,

contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

EUROCONTROL 21 CODA


EUROCONTROL 22 CODA

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or

entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,

health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff

shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial

action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


G. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation

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EUROCONTROL 23 CODA


H. 2011 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region

EUROCONTROL 24 CODA

Documents

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