Art of Interview

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ART OF INTERVIEW

Module


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Definition of Interview

1. Interview is a method of data collection in face to facesituation where the researcher or investigator puts a set ofpre-determined questions to the respondents so as to getinformation pertaining to the research problem .

Interview is a face to face interpersonal role situation inwhich one person, the interviewer asks a person beinginterviewed, the respondent, question designed to obtainanswers pertinent to the research problem.

Securing information through professional conversationwith an individual for a research study.


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Situations of Interview

1. Personal Interview

2. Telephone Interview 3.Group Interview


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1. Personal Interview

Steps in Personal Interview

1. Preparation

2.Introduction 3.Rapport building

4.Conducting interview

5.Closing Interview 6. Editing


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1. Preparation

At preparation stage, the interviewer

1. Keep copies of schedules

2.Address of the respondents

3.Make grouping of location wise

4.Decide time and cost of movement

5.Decide routine of interviewing

6. Prepare to meet avoidance, reluctance,

suspicion, inadequate response of the

respondents


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2. Introduction

1. Prior permission

2. Meeting head of the organization

3. Leader of the community 4. Give letter of introduction

5. Clarification about self, study and visit


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3. Rapport building

. For motivation to respond

i. Greet with a smile

ii. Identify respondents by name Iii. Tell him why he is selected as sample

iv Mention name of your organization and

purpose of visit


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4. Conducting interview

1. While asking Question a. Read question as they are B. Read slowly C. Ask every question

2. While recording response

a. Avoid distortion

b. Do not answer for himc. Show interest

d. Ensure adequate answer

3.While conducting interview

1. Establish rapport

2. Start interview

3. Recall

4.Probe questions

5.Give encouragement

6. Make recording

7. Close interview


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5. Editing

1. Check and edit all answer

2.Keep a record of your impression


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Problems in Interview

1. Inadequate response

2.Interviewers bias

3.Non-response 4.Non-Availability

5.Refusal

6.Inability to respond 7. Inaccessibility


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Telephonic Interview

It is a non-personal method of data

collection. The telephonic interview is

followed under the conditions

1.Universe listed in telephone directory

2.Response within 4-5 questions

3.Short period study 4.Subject related to business and trade


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Advantages

1.Low cost as travel cost not involved

2.4-5 interviews can be conducted in short

time

3. Quality of response is good

4.Does not involve field work

5. Individual not reached otherwise iscontacted by this method


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Disadvantages

1.Limited to persons of directory

2.Length of interview is short

3.Limited information obtained

4.Refusal cases are more

5.Environment of respondents is not known

6.Difficult to establish rapport

7, Not possible to ensure identity of the

respondent


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III. Group Interview

It is a method of collecting primary data inwhich a number of individuals with acommon interest interact with each other.

Flow of information is multidimensional.Group may consists of 8-10 persons.Interviewer acts as discussion leader.Information may be collected through self-

administered interview. The method isused to study public opinion on publicissues like health, corruption


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Advantages

1.The respondents interact freely

2.The method is highly flexible

3.Visual aids can be used. 4. Client can watch the interviewed

unobserved

5.Respondents can attribute more in group 6.Physical limitations are eliminated


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IV. Panel Method

It is a method of data collection. Data arecollected from same sample respondents atintervals by mail or personal interview.

The method is used in longitudinal studies oneconomic conditions, expenditure, consumerbehavior, advertisement, voting behavior etc.

Study may continue from months to years.Interval may be 10-15 days or one monthdepending n nature of study.


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Characteristics of Panel Method

1.Panel is successive method of datacollection on same items from samerespondents.

2.Accurate data may be obtained fromrespondents without any reservation.

3. Number of items to be few so that

information can be furnished within fewminutes.

Methods needs well trained interviewers


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Advantages of Panel method

1. Methods facilitated to obtain more

accurate data..

2.Fits to before- after design

3. Good method to study trends in events

4. Provides evidences on cause- effect

relationship


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V. Simulation

Simulation is one form of observation

method. It is a process of conducting

experiments on symbolic model

representing phenomenon. It is a symbolicabstraction, simplification and substitution

for more referent system. Simulation is a

theoretical model of the elements,relations and process which symbolize

some referent system.


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Definition of Simulation

Abelson ( 1968) defines simulation as the

exercise of a flexible limitation of process

and out-comes for the purpose of

classifying or explaining the underlyingmechanism involved.


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Types of Simulation

1. Man-simulation

2.Computer simulation

3. Man computer simulation


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Man simulation

This is a game played by people in a lab.

setting to simulate people of real world

Size of group may be 2 persons or more,

Ex- selling and buying

Mock assembly, Govt. office


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Computer simulation

This is an operational model programmed

to generate a sequence of interaction.

This requires storage of large amounts of

data on the system to be analyzed

Ex- ratio of liquidity

Profitability, operational efficiency


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3.Man-Computer simulation

Here persons play the role of decision

makers while computer is responsive o

players, activities. Computer needs a

script.


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Advantages

1.Applicable t behavioral problems

2.Political problem

3.Economic problem 4.Business problem

Documents

Art of Interview