APT Assignment: 11.What is Computer? Describe various characteristics of computer?Answer:Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the userand processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical andnon-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.Characteristics of computer:A.SpeedComputers work at an incredible speed. A powerful computer is capable of performing about 3-4million simple instructions per second.B. AccuracyIn addition to being fast computers are also accurate. !rrors that ma" occur can almost alwa"s be attributed to human error (inaccurate data poorl" designed s"stem or fault" instructions#programs written b" the programmer)C.Diligence$nlike human beings computers are highl" consistent. %he" do not suffer from human traits of boredom and tiredness resulting in lack of concentration. Computers therefore are better than human beings in performing voluminous and repetitive &obs.D.VersatilityComputers are versatile machines and are capable of performing an" task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. %he presence of computers can be seen in almost ever" sphere ' (ailwa"#Air reservation )anks *otels +eather forecasting and man" more. 2.What is storage device present in computer?Answer:%here are two t"pes of storage devices present in computers these are, Primary Storage Devices Secondary Storage DevicesPrimary Storage Devices%his is also known as -rimar" storage .ain memor" and Internal .emor".(A. ((andom Access .emor") and (/. ((ead /nl" .emor") are the e0amples of -rimar" 1torage 2evices.Secondary Storage Devices%hese are also known as e0ternal memor" or au0iliar" storage devices. *ard 2isks C2 232 /ptical 2rives $1) flash drive4lopp" disks.agnetic tape -aper %apes -unched Cards are e0amples of 1econdar" 1torage 2evices. 3.What is Winchester disk?Answer:An early removable disk drive from IBM that put the heads and platters (disks) in a sealed unit for greater speed. Before the Winchester architecture, removable disks ere like removable diskstoday, in hich the read!rite heads remain in the drive and make contact ith the platter after the cartridge is inserted. It is a t"pe of magnetic disk storage or it is t"pe a t"pe of hard disk in which disks are permanentl" sealed together with read-write heads in an airtight container to keep dust out..Describe brie!" each generation of computer?Answer:First Generation (1!"#1$%& Vacuum 'u(es%he first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitr" and magnetic drums for memor" and were often enormous taking up entire rooms. %he" were ver" e0pensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricit" generated a lot of heat which was often the cause of malfunctions. %he $5I3AC and !5IAC computers are e0amplesSecond Generation (1$%#1%)& 'ransistors%he transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube allowing computers to become smaller faster cheaper more energ"-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.%hough the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that sub&ected the computer to damageit was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. 1econd-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.'*ird Generation (1%!#1+1& ,ntegrated Circuits%he development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. %ransistors were miniaturi6ed and placed on silicon chips called semiconductors which drasticall" increased the speed and efficienc" of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts users interacted with third generation computers through ke"boards and monitors and interfaced with an operating s"stem which allowed the device to run man" different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memor".Fourt* Generation (1+1#Present& -icroprocessors%he microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. +hat in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. %he Intel 4774 chip developed in 89:8 located all the components of the computer;from the central processing unit and memor" to input#output controls;on a single chip.Fi.t* Generation (Present and Beyond& Arti.icial ,ntelligence4ifth generation computing devices based on artificial intelligence are still in development though there are some applications such as voice recognition that are being used toda". %he use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a realit".#.Write disadvantage and advantage of each t"pe of computer?Answer:%here are three different t"pes of computers according to the principles of operation. %hose three t"pes of computers are, Analog ComputersAnalog Computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values. %he results given b" the analog computers will onl" be appro0imate since the" deal with