APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 40 0 NUMBER 6 0 DECEMBER 1980

EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing

Robert T. Bely, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company

Rochester, N. Y.

R. H. Deibel, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. Demain, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge

Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,

Phoenix, Ariz.

Robert B. Hespell Editor (1985)University of Illinois, Urbana

Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allson (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1982)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Merlin Bergdoll (1981)Martha D. Berlner (1980)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1982)Toms Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Buflerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1982)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. aarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Rita R. Colwel (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1982)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Frank Dazzo (1982)Steven W. Drew (1981)Richard Elauder (1982)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1982)

Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1982)C. P. Lesle Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch-@ 1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbel (1981)John J. Iandolo (1980)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Michael J. King (1980)Roger Knowles (1982)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Litchileld (1980)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Joseph L. Meliick (1980)Terry L. Miller (1982)Richard Monta (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronald Oremiand (1982)Eldor A. Paul (1980)Frederick C. Pearson (1982)

W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A. Reddy (1982)Douglas Ribbons (1982)Antonio H. Romano (1980)John P. Rosaza (1982)Harry Rosenberg (1982)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Ohlrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1981)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Hiroshi Suglyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (1981)David White (1982)Willam J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1982)William Yotis (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)

Gisella Pollock, Acting Managing EditorCheryl Cross, Production Editor

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

Albert Balows, President (1980-1981)J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St.,NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

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additional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright © 1980, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center, Inc., P.O. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.

Author IndexAbe, Mikiko, 1094

Behere, A. G., 989Bewley, Richard J. F., 1053Blackmer, A. M., 1060Bremner, J. M., 1060Brinkley, Allen W., 1017, 1130Burmeister, H. R., 1142

Cech, Irina, 1067Chang, Yueh, 1049Chian, Edward S. K., 1049Chin, B., 1039Chu, F. S., 1027

Donohue, Georgiana, 1148

Fisher, L., 1044Fleet, Graham H., 994

Gaur, P. K., 1027Gerba, Charles P., 1067Goodfellow, M., 1136Gottesman, Andrew R., 1130Grove, M. D., 1142Gutnick, D., 1086

Harewood, K., 1044Henk, W. G., 1122Heym, Gloria A., 1106Higashi, Shiro, 1094Highley, Terry L., 1145Hosono, Makiko, 1007Hurst, Christon J., 1067

Imura, Nobumasa, 1007Ito, Yohei, 1100

Jensen, K. E., 1044Juni, Elliot, 1106

Kishishita, Masamichi, 1100Kwolek, W. F., 1142

Landry, Edward F., 1032

Manousos, M., 1044Mansheim, Bernard J., 1139Martin, D. F., 1136Mayyasi, S., 1044Mersinger, Cynthia L., 1017Metcalf, Theodore G., 1115Metzger, Joseph F., 1023Meyer, Richard F., 1080Moon, Nancy J., 1122Mott, Glen E., 1017, 1130Munch, K., 1044

Nadkarni, G. B., 989

Ozaki, Yoshikatsu, 1100

Padwal-Desai, S. R., 989Palmieri, Michael J., 1080Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu S. K., 1007Pearson, Frederick C., 1148Peczynska-Czoch, Wanda, 1003Peeler, J. T., 1012Penello, Wayne F., 1032

Pestka, J. J., 1027Petroski, Richard J., 1003Pfeffer, John T., 1049Priest, F. G., 1136

Ramia, Sami, 1133Rosazza, John P., 1003Rosenberg, E., 1086

Sattar, Syed A., 1133Schmidt, E. L., 1060Shaffer, Peter T. B., 1115Sharma, Arun, 989Shelef, L. A., 1039Shibley, G. P., 1044Siegel, Lynn S., 1023Son, Nguyen Thi, 994Spaulding, P. L., 1012Sproul, Otis J., 1115Stenstrom, Mary L., 1139Stevens, R., 1044Story, Kenneth, 1148

Todd, C., 1136Twedt, R. M., 1012

Ushijima, Tsutomu, 1100

Vaughn, J. M., 1032

Weary, Marlys E., 1148

Zelljadt, I., 1044Zilber, I. Kirschner, 1086

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The editors thank the following individuals who served as outside reviewers during the past year.

Frank AdairDonald AhearnDanny AkinHenry E. AmosFarooq AzamRichard BaltzS. S. BamfordH. de BarjacBarry L. BatzingW. D. BauerGeorge BaughmanPaul BaumannLarry BelserMerlin S. BergdollMichael R. BetlachTerrance J. BeveridgeR. BoatmanJean-Marc BollagDon J. BrennerJohn BreznakWinston J. BrillWilliam BrownWylie BurgeE. C. CalavanDouglas CaldwellWilliam C. CaskeyMark ChatignyWilliam R. ChesbroMartha ChristensonF. S. ChuG. W. ClausJohn W. CostertonDonald L. CrawfordRonald L. CrawfordEdwin A. DawesBurk A. DehorityConnie C. DelwicheHugh W. DucklowCharles L. DuncanHenry L. EhrlichSamuel R. FarrahJames C. FeeleyJames C. FerryWilliam R. FinnertyMelvin S. FinsteinMary FirestoneLarry FomeyGlynn FrankRobert GhemaWalter GigerWilliam E. GledhillJohn M. GoepfertJoel GoldmanScott GrahamRobin HarrisJ. W. HastingsF. P. HealeyGeorge D. HegemanSteve Herbes

Peter HirschLillian V. HoldemanDavid HopwoodAmikam HorowitzDennis HsiehPhillip B. HylemonW. P. IversonJames JorgensenKenneth KangEugene KaoGary KingThomas K. KirkWesley KloosRobert KlucasPatrick J. KonkelAlan KonopkaC. P. KurtzmanMaurice LalondePaul LaRockRobert LarsenLinda LasureEdward LawsL. S. LeeJane Zeigler LeedleR. LescherE. B. LillehojJohn A. LindquistWarren LitskyTom MackieMary MandelsAllen MarkovetzRobert MarquisBruce MarshJames P. MartinLarry L. McKayLois K. MillerTerry MillerAaron MillsRonald W. MinkClifford S. MintzThomas MontvilleSam M. MorrisonDoug MountfortEirik NestaasE. NesterThomas NgC. F. Niven, Jr.Norman OlsonChristian OrregoAllan PaauHans W. PaerlMichael W. ParizaJerome J. PerryGerry A. PetersE. W. PetersonNorbert PfennigG. E. PierceJacqueline PiretMichael Pisano

Kenneth B. RaperG. Yull RheeSidney C. RittenbergL. Scott RodkeyP. A. RogerHarold W. RossmoreParke RubleeJames B. RussellJohn RytherAbigail SalyersGary S. SaylerRobert SchaeferEdwin L. SchmidtKarel SchubertPeter ScottDave M. SedlockRamon J. SeidlerLarry M. SeitzRobert SewardDaniel SheltonWarren SilverNorval SinclairFred SingletonR. Singleton, Jr.Ronald K. SizemoreRoy SjobladRalph SlepeckyDavid W. SmithScott SmithMark SobseyJan S0rensenPeter SouwJim SpainRichard StrayerDavid SternbergJoseph SuflitaH. SugiyamaM. TanseyCraig TaylorKen L. TempleA. ThunbergA. E. Torma0. H. TuovinenRobert T. UffenRichard F. UnzCarl VanderzantR. VilletHomer W. WalkerDavid WardStanley W. WatsonDavid WhiteRoger WhittenburyRalph WolfePeter WolkStanley T. WilliamsH. ZalkinAlexander ZehnderGreg ZeikusDave Zuberer

ANNOUNCING

THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUMON

RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATIONIN MICROBIOLOGY*

26-30 MAY 1981WASHINGTON, D.C.

TOPICAL AREAS WILL INCLUDE

* clinical, medical, and public health microbiology* industrial microbiology* environmental microbiology* food microbiology* quality control* microbiological technology in developing nations

SHORT PAPERS ARE INVITED AND MUST BESUBMITTED ON OFFICIAL ABSTRACT FORMSBY 31 DECEMBER 1980 to ASM HEADQUARTERS,1913 "EYE" ST., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006.

For further information write:

Dr. Richard C. Tilton, ChairmanISRMA Planning CommitteeUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterDepartment of Laboratory Medicine263 Farmington AvenueFarmington, Connecticut 06032

* Sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology

NOTES 1151

its unusually high variability in the rabbit py-rogen test, (ii) EC-2 is a questionable choice as

an LAL test endotoxin standard because it variesamong lots and exhibits reduced LAL test activ-ity in nornal saline, and (iii) Novo Pyrexal andE. coli 055:B5 are the most appropriate selec-tions for LAL test endotoxin standards, becausetheir potencies with the LAL and USP rabbittests are closely parallel and they exhibit littlelot-to-lot variability.

LITERATURE CITED

1. Davies, D. A. L., W. T. J. Morgan, and W. Mosemann.1954. Studies in immunochemistry. 13. Preparation andproperties of the 'O' somatic antigen of Shigella dysen-teriae (SHIGA). Biochem. J. 56:572-587.

2. Duncan, D. B. 1957. Multiple range tests for correlatedand heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13:164-176.

3. Galanos, C., 0. Luderitz, and 0. Westphal. 1979. Prep-aration and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccha-ride from Salmonella abortus equi. Zentralbl. Bakte-

riol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. ReiheA 243:226-244.

4. Health Industry Manufacturer's Association. 1979.HIMA collaborative study for the pyrogenicity evalua-tion of a reference endotoxin by the USP rabbit test.Health Industry Manufacturer's Association, Washing-ton, D.C.

5. Randolph, W. T. 1977. Licensing of Limulus lysate. Fed.Regist. 42:57749.

6. Rudbach, J. A., F. I. Akiya, R. J. Eln, H. D. Hoch-stein, M. K. Luoma, E. C. B. Milner, K. C. Milner,and K. R. Thomas. 1975. Preparation and propertiesof a national reference endotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 3:21-25.

7. United States Pharmacopeia. 1980. United StatesPharmacopeia XX, p. 902-903. United States Pharma-copeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Md.

8. U.S. Public Health Service. 1978. Code of Federal Reg-ulations 21, Food and Drugs 436.32, parts 300-499.

9. U.S. Public Health Service. 1978. Code of Federal Reg-ulations 21, Food and Drugs 610.13 (b), parts 600-1299.

10. Wachtel, R. E., and K. Tsuji. 1977. Comparison ofLimulus amebocyte lysates and correlation with theUnited States pharmacopeial pyrogen test. Appl. En-viron. Microbiol. 33:1265-1269.

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AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 40

Abe, Mikiko, 1094Akhtar, M. Waheed, 257Akin, Danny E., 809Alderton, Gordon, 511Alexander, Martin, 492, 507, 917Alexander, Steve K., 341Allen, D. A., 715Allison, M. J., 833, 840Amundsen, Susan K., 337Anderson, J. G., 309Anderson, Murray S., 706Ando, Kunio, 264Andrews, R. E., 301, 959Andrews, R. E., Jr., 897Asada, Shoji, 274Ayanwale, Lekan F., 285Ayres, J. C., 333Ayres, John C., 870

Bachmann, Marc, 876Baldwin, K. A., 84Behere, A. G., 989Bell, James B., 486Berg, Jan-Olof, 40Berman, Donald, 426Bewley, Richard J. F., 1053Blackmer, A. M., 1060Blakemore, Richard P., 429Bohme, Dietrich, 458Bokkenheuser, Victor D., 803Boone, David R., 626Bott, Thomas L., 977Bourquin, A. W., 726Brannan, Daniel K., 211Bremner, J. M., 1060Breznak, John A., 117, 125Brill, Winston J., 931Brinkley, Allen W., 1017, 1130Brown, Melanie J., 179Brown, Tim J., 62Brunner, Walter, 950Bryant, Marvin P., 626Bulla, L. A., Jr., 897Bulla, Lee A., Jr., 166Burmeister, H. R., 1142Busta, F. F., 721

Cabelli, Victor J., 756Calabrese, Diane M., 973Caldwell, Douglas E., 211Campbell, B. S., 897Camper, Anne K., 794Cech, Irina, 1067Chang, Yueh, 1049Chase, Theodore, Jr., 567Chatigny, Mark A., 80Chen, John K., 511

Chen, Y. R., 217Cheng, K.-J., 613, 672Chian, Edward S. K., 1049Chibata, Ichiro, 19Chien, M. M., 741Chin, B., 1039Chiploy, John R., 352Chu, F. S., 678, 1027Chughtai, M. I. D., 257Chynoweth, D. P., 287Ciegler, Alex, 102Cline-Theil, W., 163Cole, R. J., 685Colwell, R. R., 715Colwell, Rita R., 746, 981Connor, Douglas A., 883Conrad, Ralf, 437Costerton, J. W., 613Costilow, Ralph N., 417Counotte, G. H. M., 163Cox, R. H., 685Craven, D. B., 549Crocker, J. F. S., 787Cursons, Ray T. M., 62Czerkawski, J. W., 672

Daily, 0. P., 715Davidson, L. I., 897Davies, F. Lyndon, 964Davis, William M., 539Dawson, Karl A., 833, 840Dean, Cheryl H., 92de Cabrera, Sheryl, 466DeLaune, Ronald D., 365Demain, Arnold L., 675Detroy, Robert W., 169DeWalle, Foppe B., 821Dimmick, Robert L., 80Dobbs, S., 108Dockins, William S., 386Doerr, John A., 102Donnelly, L. S., 721Donohue, Georgiana, 1148Dorner, J. W., 685Duran, A. P., 765Dutton, Michael F., 706

Eggimann, Bernhard, 876Eide, Ingvar, 318Elliott, Garth E., 486El-Nakib, O., 678Emswiler-Rose, B. S., 13Engelbrecht, Richard S., 249Escalante-Semerena, J. C., 429Evans, T. M., 922Eyles, Michael J., 223

Fagerberg, D. J., 562Failder, W. A.

Jr., 970Fay, J. P., 613Federle, Thomas W., 32Fink, R. C., 476Firstenberg-Eden, Ruth, 480Fisher, L., 1044Fleet, Graham H., 994Fox, Susan S., 852Francis, A. J., 108Francis, D. W., 174Fukushima, Takeshi, 244Furutani, Akira, 770, 777

Gasson, Michael J., 964Gates, Karen, 417Gaur, P. K., 678, 1027George, B. A., 562Gerba, Charles P., 192, 305, 892,

912, 1067Ghittoni, Nora E., 231Ghosh, A. C., 476Glass, J. Steven, 201Goldman, William D., 114Gomez, Reinaldo F., 358, 571Goodfellow, M., 1136Goodman, R. N., 596Goreau, Thomas J., 526Gorman, George W., 697Gottesman, Andrew R., 1130Goyal, Sagar M., 892, 912Grana, David C., 852Grau, Frederick H., 433Graves, James F., 1Grove, M. D., 1142Guilfoyle, Dennis E., 847Gutnick, D., 1086Gutteridge, Cohn S., 462

Habte, Mitiku, 507Hackney, C. R., 652Hamann, Donald D., 102Hambrick, Gordon A., 365Hamilton, Pat B., 102, 522, 641Harewood, K., 1044Harris, M. E., 13Harrison, Susan J., 533Hartman, P. A., 833, 840Harvey, R. W., 156Hashimoto, A. G., 217Hayashi, Kazuya, 452Heckly, Robert J., 80Henk, W. G., 1122Herrero, Alejandro A., 571Heym, Gloria A., 1106Hicks, K. B., 171

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Higashi, Shiro, 1094Highley, Terry L., 1145Hill, R., 685Hill, W. M., 939Hirose, Keiji, 446Hodson, Robert E., 735Hoppe, Wilfried F., 608Horiguchi, Masaaki, 294Hosono, Makiko, 1007Hou, Kenneth, 892Howarth, R. E., 613Huff, William E., 102Huhtanen, C. N., 171Hurst, Christon J., 192, 1067Hussong, David, 981

Iandolo, J. J., 897Ichikawa, Tadashi, 264Imura, Nobumasa, 1007Ishiguro, Naotaka, 446Ito, Keith A., 511Ito, Yohei, 1100Iwane, Yoshitaka, 264Izuo, Nobuhiko, 19

Jacobson, Stuart N., 917Jay, James M., 177Jensen, Arne, 318Jensen, Harold, 633Jensen, K. E., 1044Jessee, B. A., 169Jeter, Wayburn S., 939Johnson, Janet K., 391Johnston, R. W., 13Jones, Joanne M., 337Joseph, S. W., 715Juni, Elliot, 1106

Kaneene, John M. B., 285Kaplan, Warren A., 526Karl, D. M., 549Kawai, Fusako, 701Keilmann, Fritz, 458Kellar, Penelope E., 587Kelly, C. A., 287Keogh, Barbara P., 798Keys, Elizabeth A., 62Kimura, Takuhei, 701Kishishita, Masamichi, 1100Klaenhammer, T. R., 500Kleeman, E. G., 652Klug, M. J., 408Kniseley, Richard N., 888Knuckles, Maurice E., 92Koehler, P. E., 333Koehler, Philip E., 870Konopka, Allan, 681Kotarski, S., 408Kotula, A. W., 646Kozaki, S., 161Kralickova, Eva, 855Kramer, Vance C., 973Kurachi, Mamoru, 701

Kushner, D. J., 186Kwolek, W. F., 1142

Lacy, Melvyn L., 417Laltoo, M., 787Lance, J. Clarence, 192Landry, Edward F., 1032Lawrence, William P., 821LeChevallier, Mark W., 922Lee, S. H. S., 787Lee, W. H., 13Leisinger, Thomas, 950Lembke, Linda L., 888Leong, Jenny, 381Lester, John N., 179Liberman, D. F., 476Liew, Pei-Fung, 305Lin, Y. C., 333Lindqvist, Lennart, 40Lipke, H., 145Lomax, P., 186Lovett, J., 174Luchtel, Daniel L., 821Luther, J. P., 145Lynch, Martha J., 400

Maccubbin, A. E., 735Mackel, Donald C., 697Macrae, Wendy R.; 486Malestein, A., 163Manousos, M., 1044Mansheim, Bernard J., 1139Marr, John S., 114Martin, D. F., 1136Matsumoto, Tatsuro, 294Mayyasi, S., 1044McCambridge, J., 907McEachern, Harold V., 697McElroy, Michael B., 526McFeters, Gordon, 794McFeters, Gordon A., 386McKay, L. L., 84McKinley, G. A., 562McMeekin, T. A., 133, 907McNerney, Thomas, 370Meadows, P. S., 309Merkal, R. S., 282Mersinger, Cynthia L., 1017Mestrandrea, Leonard W., 847Metcalf, Theodore G., 1115Metzger, Joseph F., 1023Meyer, Richard F., 1080Miller, Richard D., 849Mills, Aaron L., 578Mirelman, David, 269Mirocha, Chester J., 901Mirza, A. Q., 257Miura, Hideki, 294Mizunuma, Takeji, 452Moats, W. A., 710Moon, Nancy J., 1122Moore, Barbara, E., 423Moran, James W., 25Morris, George K., 697

Morrison, Susan J., 659Mott, Glen E., 1017, 1130Mulcahy, R., 476Muller, M. M., 235Mullins, B. W., 309Munch, K., 1044Murrell, William G., 223Mutai, Masahiko, 866

Nabe, Koichi, 19Nadkarni, G. B., 989Ng, Lai-King, 346Nickerson, Kenneth W., 166, 973Nine, B. J., 108Nixon, Jon C., 244Noda, Fumio, 452Noel, K. Dale, 931Nord, Carl E., 40Nordal, John, 472Norris, Dale M., 376Norris, John R., 462Notermans, S., 161

O'Connor, Mary L., 370,400Ohwada, Kouichi, 746Olson, Gregory J., 67O'Mara, Nancy L., 917Ozaki, Yoshikatsu, 1100

Pica, Jan, 855Padwal-Desai, S. R., 989Paerl, Hans W., 587Palmieri, Michael J., 1080Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu S. K., 1007Park, L. W., 301Parrish, F. W., 171Patel, K., 309Patrick, W. H., 365Pearson, Frederick C., 1148Peczynska-Czoch, Wanda, 1003Peeler, J. T., 1012Pellon, Jose R., 358Penello, Wayne F., 1032Pestka, J. J., 1027Peterson, Robert E., 102Petroski, Richard J., 1003Pettit, J. R., 783Pfeffer, John T., 1049Pierson, M. D., 646Pistole, Thomas, 269Politis, D. J., 596Potrikus, C. J., 117, 125Pramer, D., 694Pramer, David, 567Priest, F. G., 1136Prins, R. A., 163Pritchard, P. H., 726

Quarles, C. L., 562

Ramgopal, M., 476Ramia, Sami, 1133Ramirez, Carlos, 492

ii AUTHORINDEX

VOL. 40, 1980

Ray, B., 652Read, R. B., Jr., 765Restaino, L., 939Rice, Robert C., 192Rigby, C. E., 783Riggs, Hammond G., Jr., 1Ritchie, Alfred E., 803Robinson, Robert A., 285Rogenmuser, Kurt, 977Rogers, Peter L., 7Rohr, Mary-Ellen, 426Rollins, L. D., 562Rolz, Carlos, 466Rosas, Susana B., 231Rosazza, J. P., 741Rosazza, John P., 1003Rosenberg, E., 1086Rosenzweig, W. D., 567, 694Rowley, Durwood B., 480Rozee, K. R., 787Rudd, John W. M., 770, 777

Safferman, Robert S., 426Sagik, Bernard P., 423Salter, Brenda L., 249Sanders, M. E., 500Santo, Lannianti, 458Sasaki, Hiroshi, 264Sato, Gihei, 446Sato, Yasushi, 967Sattar, Syed A., 1133Sawada, Mikio, 264Schaefer, F. L., 476Schaeffer, Anthony J., 337Schenck, Susan, 567Schmidt, Carla A., 249Schmidt, E. L., 1060Schwab, A. H., 765Schwarz, John R., 341Secco, Maria del Carmen, 231Seidler, Ramon J., 715, 922Seiler, Wolfgang, 437Seiter, Julie A., 177Shaffer, Peter T. B., 1115Sharma, Arun, 989Sharp, D. G., 381, 633Shattuck, G. Edgar, 480Shaw, David R., 756Shay, D. E., 970Shelef, L. A., 1039Sherman, David M., 285Shibasaki, Isao, 274Shibley, G. P., 1044Siegel, Lynn S., 1023

Simizu, Bunsiti, 240Simon, Robert D., 984Sinha, R. P., 326Skaliy, Peter, 697Skipnes, Olav, 318Skotnicki, Mary L., 7Skujiis, J., 235Slinde, Erik, 472Smiley, Martin B., 862Sobsey, Mark D., 92, 201Somerson, Norman L., 391Son, Nguyen Thi, 994Sorber, Charles A., 423Sozzi, Tommaso, 862Spain, Jim C., 726Spaulding, P. L., 174, 1012Speck, M. L., 652Spence, K. D., 301, 959Sproul, Otis J., 1115Staub, Doris, 950Steindler, Kathy A., 533Stenstrom, Mary L., 1139Stern, Norman J., 646Stevens, R., 1044Stewart, Betty J., 223Stiles, Michael E., 346Story, Kenneth, 1148Straskrabova, Vera, 855Stumm, Claudius K., 608Sundman, V., 235Suzuki, Koji, 264Swanson, Steve P., 901Swartzentruber, A., 765

Tabor, Paul S., 746Takano, Mitsuo, 274Tanaka, Ryuichiro, 866Tani, Yoshiki, 701Tanny, Gerald B., 269Tate, Robert L., III, 75, 313Tel-Or, Elisha, 689Temple, Kenneth L., 794Terry, Richard E., 313Thomas, C. J., 133Thomas, Kent, 633Thompson, Terry A., 697Thorpe, Thurman C., 849Tobin, R. S., 186Todd, C., 1136Toombs, Russ W., 883Tribe, David E., 7Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 533Turk, Christopher A., 423Turner, Michael A., 777

AUTHOR INDEX m

Tuttle, Jon H., 516Twedt, R. M., 1012

Ujimaru, Toshihiko, 19Ulmer, Kevin M., 358Uraih, Nduka, 352Ushijima, Tsutomu, 1100

Vaatanen, Pentti, 48, 55Valois, Frederica W., 526Varel, V. H., 217Vaughn, J. M., 1032Vestal, J. Robie, 32Vogels, Godfried D., 608Voigt, Michael N., 870

Wagner, D. E., 562Wagner, Ray A., 92Wallace, R. J., 672Walsh, P. M., 84Ward, David M., 67Warren, Michael F., 522, 641Wassel, Raymond A., 578Watson, Stanley W., 526Weary, Marlys E., 1148Weber, Michael J., 249Weiner, Ronald M., 981Wentz, B. A., 765Werner, Rolf G., 675Whipple, D. L., 282White, David C., 539, 659Wicklow, D., 685Wicklow, Donald T., 169Wilkins, Judd R., 852Williams, H. N., 970Winter, Jeanette, 803Wofsy, Steven C., 526Wolfe, R. S., 429Wopat, Ann E., 400Wyatt, Roger D., 870

Yamada, Hideaki, 701Yamada, Shigeki, 19Yamamoto, Kiichi, 240Yoneya, Takefumi, 967Yoshizawa, Takumi, 901Young, L. Y., 156

Zaske, Susan K., 386Zelljadt, I., 1044Zerda, Katherine S., 892Zilber, I. Kirschner, 1086

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUME 40

Acanthamoebaeeffect of disinfectants, 62

Acetylene inhibition methoddenitrification in low pH soils, 235

Achromobacters, psychrotrophicidentification, 1106

Acremonium kiliensepathogen of C. glomerata, 977

Activated sludgepolymer extraction, 179

Adenosine nucleotide derivativesfluorometric determination, 539

Aerationeffect on C. utilis cell morphology, 855

Aerosolscoliform concentrations, 888in a solid waste recovery system, 888

Aerosols, K. pneumoniaeinfection of mice, 80

Aflatoxicosisamino acid concentration, 870bone strength, evaluation, 102B-vitamin concentration, 870

Aflatoxicosis, broiler chickensintestinal fragility, 641

Aflatoxin B,antibody production by goats and rabbits, 678interaction with phenolic antioxidants, 1039micro-ELISA, 1027mutagenicity, 1039

Aflatoxin productionA. parasiticus spores, 989by A. parasiticus, 333influence of temperature cycling, 333

Aflatoxin releaseinhibition by benzoic acid, 352

Air-conditioning maintenance personnelincreased risk of legionellosis, 114

Alcohol dehydrogenasescomparison of two forms, 967in R. javanicus, 967

Alfalfa silageepiphytic microflora, 1122

Algal-bacterial matanaerobic degradation, 67in a high-sulfate hot spring, 67

Algal growth ratecage culture turbidostat, 318

Alkaline phosphatase activityeffects on nucleotide measurements in aquatic mi-

crobial communities, 549Amino acids

concentrations in chicks with aflatoxicosis, 870Amino acid transport

iv

S. agalactiae, 25Aminopeptidasefrom L. lactis, 876

Ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic microorga-nisms

nitrous oxide production, 1060Amoebae, pathogenic free-living

effect of disinfectants, 62Amphipods, estuarine gammaridean

effects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-biota, 659

Anabaena, N2-fixingphysiological adaptations to environmental stress,

587Anthraquinonesmutagens for S. typhimurium, 476

Antibiotic resistanceanaerobic transfer from P. aeruginosa, 1yogurt starter cultures, 862

Antibody production against aflatoxin B,goats versus rabbits, 678

Antitumor agentsmicrobial transformations, 741

Aquatic microbial communities, nucleotide measure-ments

effects of alkaline phosphatase activity, 549Arctic lake sediments

lignocellulose mineralization, 32Aromatic acids, 14C labeled

degradation by F. solani, 376Arthrobotrys amerospora

influence of metals on collagenase, 694Aspergillus

aflatoxin release inhibition, 352growth inhibition, 352

Aspergillus alliaceushydroxylated ellipticines, 741

Aspergillus fumigatusexamination of mycelia, 145melanin degradation, 145

Aspergillus parasiticusaflatoxin B, and GI production, 333influence of inoculum size on aflatoxin production,

989Aspergillus parasiticus mutant

accumulation of VA and aflatoxin biosynthesis, 706Auxotrophic mutants, S. griseus

enrichment, 675

Bacillusdistribution of f8-glucanases, 1136

Bacillus thuringiensiseffect of Douglas fir terpenes, 301incorporation of fatty acid precursors, 166

VOL. 40, 1980

spore germination and outgrowth, 166Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki

entomocidal parasporal crystal, 897Bacteroides amylophilus

nutritional interdependence with M. elsdenii and R.albus, 294

Bacteroides fragilisglycoside hydrolase, 40

Bdellovibrios, marineincidence in Chesapeake Bay, 970lytic against V. parahaemolyticus, 970

Beef, irradiationinactivation of M-A cells, 480

Beef, rawestimation of E. coli, 346

Beef cattle wastemethane production, 217

Bentonite concentrationvirus recovery from wastewater sludges, 423

Benzoic acid derivativesinhibition of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin re-

lease, 352Bifidobacterium

selective medium, 866Biodegradation rates

effects of adaptation, 726sediment/water cores, 726

Bone strength in chickensduring aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis, 102

Botulinal toxin, detectioncapillary tube immunodiffusion, 847

Botulism, type Bstability of type B toxin in bovine rumen, 161

Brackish watersmicrobial populations and environmental factors,48,55

Brine fermentation, soy sauceinteraction of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, 452

Brochothrix thermosphactainhibition of growth by lactic acid, 433

Broiler carcass skincontamination during commercial processing, 133SEM and TEM of structural changes, 133

Brown-rot fungicellulose degradation, 1145

Butenolideeffect of high-level, long-term oral intake, 1142

B vitaminsconcentrations in chicks with aflatoxicosis, 870

Cage culture turbidostatdetermination of algal growth rate, 318

Candida utiliscell morphology, 855

Capillary tube immunodiffusiondetection of botulinal toxin, 847

Carbon dioxideeffect on C. utilis cell morphology, 855

Carbon monoxideconsumption and production by soil, 437

Carbon monoxide consumption

SUBJECT INDEX v

role of microorganisms, 437Carbon monoxide production

role of microorganisms, 437Carbon utilization

thiosulfate-oxidizing marine heterotrophs, 516Cell envelope, Escherichia colidamage caused by stress in water, 386

Cellulose degradationby cellulose-clearing and non-cellulose-clearing

brown-rot fungi, 1145Charge-modified filterscontaminant removal, 892

Cheese manufactureappearance of lytic phages, 492

Chemoautotrophic microorganisms, ammonia-oxidiz-ing

nitrous oxide production, 1060Chickens, broiler

intestinal fragility during ochratoxicosis and aflatox-icosis, 641

salmonella isolation, 783Chlorine

virus inactivation, 249Chlorine inactivation of coxsackieviruses B3 and B5

in water, 633Chlorine in water

poliovirus inactivation, 381Chlorine resistance

poliovirus isolants, 1115Cholesterol

in growth of M. pneumoniae, 391Cholesterol-brain agargrowth of sterol-reducing Eubacterium, 1130

Cholesterol-reducing Eubacterium, 1017Chromosomes, E. coli K-12

heat damage, 358Chrysophanol

mutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome system, 476Ciliates, rumen

association of methanogenic bacteria, 608Citrate utilization plasmids

distribution in Salmonella, 446Cladophora glomerata

fungal pathogen, 977Clostridium botulinum sporesheat resistance at aw, 0 to 0.9, 511

Clostridium botulinum toxinsruminal contents of cattle, 161stabilities, 161

Clostridium botulinum type Btoxin production, 1023

Clostridium cochleariumplasmid-controlled mercury biotransformation, 1007

Clostridium thermocellum ethanol toleranceeffect of growth temperature. 571

Clover, root hairsR, trifolii infection sites, 1094

C-1 metabolismfacultative methylotrophs, 352

Coliform enumerationcomparison of methods, 186

vi SUBJECT INDEX

sewage-contaminated drinking water, 186Coliform most-probable-number analysis

occurrence of false-positive results, 981shellfish and estuaries, 981

Coliformsin aerosols, 888R factors, 486

Collagenase activityA. amerospora, 694influence of heavy metals, 694

Collagenase productionnematode-trapping fungi, 567

Cometabolism in sewage, 917development of a method, 917

Contaminant removal from watercharge-modified filters, 892

Cooling tower waterL. pneumophila isolation, 849

Corn silagegrown on land fertilized with sewage sludge, 285salmonella in goats, 285

Coxsackieviruses B3 and B5inactivation in water by chlorine, 633

Cranefly gut tracts, bacteria associated with, 408Crassostrea commercialispathogenic bacteria, 994

Crude oilseffect on glucose utilization by marine bacteria, 341

Cucumbers, brinedsoftening of pickles caused by molds, 417

Cyanobacteria, N2 fixingresponse to salt, 689

Cyathus stercoreus (Schw.) de Tonilignocellulose decomposition, 169

Cysts, Giardiaultrastructure, 821

Deep-sea benthic macrofaunagut microflora, 746

Degradation, anaerobichot spring algal mats, 67

Degradation of dichloromethane, 95016a-Dehydroxylase

isolation of organisms that synthesize, 80316a-Dehydroxylating bacteria, 803Delayed secondary enrichment

salmonella isolation, 783Denitrification

acetylene inhibition method, 235in low pH soils, 235

Desulfotomaculum nigrificans sporesheat resistance, 721in soy protein infant formulas, 721

Desulfovibrio sp., H2-utilizingisolation of S. wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov. in coculture,

626Detrital lignocelluloses

mineralization, 735Detrital microbial biomass

adenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539Detritus, allochthonous

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

effects on microbiota of estuarine gammaridean am-phipod grazing, 659

Dichloromethanebacterial degradation, 950dehalogenation assay with resting cells, 950

Digestion, bacteriallegume leaves, 613

Disinfectantsagainst waterborne L. pneumophila, 697effect on pathogenic free-living amoebae, 62

Diversity measurementmicrobial communities, 578

Douglas fir terpeneseffect on microorganisms, 301

Douglas fir tussock moth larvaemodification of terpenes, 959

Drinking watercoliform enumeration, 186sewage contaminated, 186

Dry sausage productionlactic acid bacteria, 472

Ecosystems, naturalprocedure to demonstrate cometabolism, 917

Eggs, washed and unwashedbacterial isolates, 710

Egg washers, commercialbacterial isolates, 710

Electropositive filterspoliovirus concentration, 201

Ellipticines, hydroxylateduse of solubilizing agents to improve yields, 741yields by A. alliaceus, 741

Emulsifiersand interferon response, 787enhancement of susceptibility to EMC virus, 787

Encephalomyocarditis virusin emulsifier-exposed cells, 787interferon response in emulsifier-exposed cells, 787

Endotoxin detection and quantitationLimulus amoebocyte lysate assay, 533

Endotoxins in meatsdirect serial dilution and MPN methods, 177

Endotoxin standardspotencies measured by LAL and USP rabbit py-

rogen tests, 1148Enrichment cultures, oxalate degrading, 840Enteric viruses

interactions in soils, 92survival in soil, 92

Enterobacter cloacaegrowth in 25% SDS, 973

Enterobacteriasurvival in feces buried in soil, 794

Enterotoxin productionY. enterocolitica in milk, 174

Enterotoxin screeningimmunodiffusion method, 1080staphylococcal isolates, 1080

Enterovirusessurvival in rapid-infiltration basins, 192

SUBJECT INDEX Vii

thermostabilization by estuarine sediment, 305Envelope glycoproteins

purification by glass wool column chromatography,240

WEE virus, 240Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

aflatoxin B, quantitation, 1027Epiphytic microflora

in wheat and alfalfa silages, 1122SEM, 1122

Epstein-Barr virusesgrowth and concentration method, 1044

Erwinia amylovorafine structure of EPS, 596

Escherichia colicell envelope damage, 386effect of pesticides on lipids, 231elevated-temperature method for estimation, 346environmental isolates, 756in raw ground beef, 346mutation induced by drying, 274protozoan and bacterial predation, 907pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462R-plasmid transfer, 756survival in buried feces, 794survival in estuarine water, 907variable gas production, 309

Escherichia coli cellselectrochemical method for detection, 852

Escherichia coli folded chromosomeheat damage, 358

Estuariestotal coliform MPN analysis, 981

Estuarine gammaridean amphipodseffects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-

biota, 659Estuarine sediment

enterovirus thermostabilization, 305Estuarine sediment Eh

effect on hydrocarbon degradation, 365Estuarine sediment pH

effect on hydrocarbon degradation, 365Estuarine water

E. coli survival, 907Ethanolfrom sugar cane using EX-FERM, 466

Ethanol tolerance, C. thermocellumeffect of growth temperature, 571

Eubacterium, cholesterol reducing, 1017growth on cholesterol-brain agar, 1130

EX-FERM techniqueethanol from sugar cane, 466

Extracellular polymer extractioncomparison of methods, 179

Extracellular polysaccharideE. amylovora, 596fine structure, 596

Factor analysismicrobial communities, 55

Facultative methanotrophs, new, 400

Fatty acid precursors, specificB. thuringiensis spore germination and outgrowth,

166Fatty acids, E. coli

effect of pesticides, 231Fecal bacteria

16a-dehydroxylating, 803Fecal coliformsR factors, 486

Feces, buriedsurvival of enterobacteria, 794

Fernentation conditionsC. botulinum type B toxin production, 1023

Filter membrane, hydrophobicdrying of E. coli, 274

Filters, charge-modifiedcontaminant removal, 892

Filtration techniquefor concentrating and harvesting bacteria, 269

Fish intestinal contentsHg methylation, 770

Flavobacterium rigenseL-glutamine production by a mutant, 19

Fluorometric determinationadenosine nucleotide derivatives, 539

Forage grassesattack on lignified tissues, 809isolation of a bacterium that attacks tissues, 809

Freshwater sedimentsmethane release, 287

Frozen seafood, retailmicrobiological quality, 765

Fungi, brown-rotcellulose degradation, 1145

Fungi, nematode-trappingcollagenase production, 567

Fusarium solanilignin degradation, 376

Gammaridean amphipods, estuarineeffects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-

biota, 659Gas-liquid chromatography, pyrolysis

effect of growth conditions, 462Gastrointestinal tract, fishHg methylation, 770

Gas vacuolesH. salinarum, 984

Gas variabilityE. coli, 309

Gel diffusionnon-immunological precipitation by Triton X-100,

1139Gene transfer, conjugalgroup N streptococci, 84

Giardia lamblia cystselectron microscopy, 821water treatment plant for removal, 821

Glass wool column chromatographypurification of WEE virus proteins, 240

f?-Glucanase

VOL. 40, 1980

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

occurrence in Bacillus spp., 1136Glucose utilization by marine bacteria

effects of crude oils, 341L-Glutamine production

fermentation method, 19F. rigense penicillin-resistant mutant, 19

Glycogen phosphorylase systemduring ochratoxicosis in chickens, 522

Glycoside hydrolasesB. fragilis, 40purification, 40

Goatsantibody production against aflatoxin B,, 678

Group F organismscharacterization, 715

Group N streptococcirestriction and modification, 492

Growth rate, algaecage culture turbidostat, 318

Gut microflora, deep seabarotolerance, 746species composition, 746

Gut tracts, craneflybacteria associated with, 408

Halobacterium salinaruminteractions between light and gas vacuoles, 984UV light as plasmid-curing agent, 984

Harvesting, bacteriaimproved technique, 269

Heat damageeffect on E. coli nucleoid, 358

Heat resistanceC. botulinum spores, 511D. nigrificans spores, 721

Heavy metal pollutioneffects on oak leaf microorganisms, 1053

Heterotrophs, marinecarbon utilization, 516

Histosolsmicrobial activity, 313oxidation of soil organic matter, 313

Hydrocarbon degradationeffect of pH and Eh, 365

Hydroextractionsecond step in rotavirus concentration, 1133

Hydrogen peroxideeffect on urinary tract pathogens, 337

Hyperbaric bacterial aerosolsinfection of mice, 80

Ileal loop dose, effectiveKanagawa-positive V. parahaemolyticus, 1012

Immunodiffusionenterotoxin screening, 1080

Increased risk of legionellosis, 114Induction, lipaseM. hiemalis, 257

Infant formulas, soy proteinD. nigrificans spores, 721

Iron in Sphaerotilusdistribution and inhibition, 1049

Irradiation, beefinactivation of M-A cells, 480

Islandicinmutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome system, 476

Isolation medium, newpropicnibacteria, 1100

Klebsiella pneumoniae aerosolsinfection of mice, 80

Laccase, extracellularcolorimetric assay, 1003P. anceps, 1003

Lactic acidB. thermosphacta inhibition, 433

Lactic acid bacteriastarter cultures in dry sausage production, 472

Lactic acid bacteria, osmophilicinteraction with yeasts in soy sauce fermentation,452

Lactic streptococcal phagesmedia and methods for assay, 798

Lactic streptococciassay of phages, 798prophage curing, 964

Lactobacillus bulgaricusantibiotic resistance, 862

Lactobacillus lactispurification of aminopeptidase, 876

Lactulosecompared with sucrose, 171inhibition of bacteria, 171potential humectant for foods, 171

Legionella pneumophilafrom seeded cooling tower water, 849procedure for isolation, 849

Legionella pneumophila, waterbornedisinfectants against, 697

Legionellosis, riskair-conditioning maintenance personnel, 114

Legume leavesdigestion by rumen bacteria, 613

Lignified grass cell wallsattack by an anaerobic bacterium, 809

Lignins, "C labeleddegradation by F. solani, 376

Lignocellulose decompositionby C. stercoreus (Schw.) de Toni, 169

Lignocellulose mineralizationarctic lake sediments, 32

Lignocelluloses, detritalmineralization, 735

Limulus amoebocyte lysate assayendotoxin in small-volume parenteral product, 533endotoxins in meats, 177potencies of four reference endotoxins, 1148

Lipase inductionM. hiemalis, 257

viii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX ix

Lobster tail, frozenmicrobiological quality, 765

Lytic bacteriophagesalteration of host specificity, 326appearance during cheese manufacture, 492effect of heat on development, 492S. cremoris, 326

Macrotetrolidedegradation in soil, 264

Magnetic spirillumnitrate dissimilation, 429

Marine bacteriaglucose utilization and effects of crude oils, 341

Marine heterotrophscarbon utilization, 516

Meat productsM. bovis inactivation, 282

Megasphaera elsdeniinutritional interdependence with B. amylophila and

R. albus, 294Melanin degradationA. fumigatus, 145

Membrane adsorption-elution methodconcentration of bacteria, 912

Membrane filterscoliform enumeration, 186

Membrane filtration-electrochemical microbial detec-tion methods, 852

Mercury biotransformation, plasmid controlledC. cochlearium, 1007

Mercury methylationby fish intestinal contents, 770in lake water and sediment, 776

Metabolic inhibitorsY. enterocolitica recovery from thermal injury, 939

Metabolism, in vitroT-2 toxin in rats, 901

Metalimnetic layer, 0. rubescensphysiological changes, 681

Metals, heavyinfluence on nematode-trapping fungi, 694

Methane productioneffect of retention time, 217effect of temperature, 217from beef cattle waste, 217

Methane releasein situ and in vitro rates, comparison, 287

Methanogenic bacteriaassociation with rumen ciliates, 608

Methanotrophs, new facultative, 400Methylation, mercuryby fish intestinal contents, 770in lake water and sediment, 776

MethylotrophsC-1 metabolism, 370enzyme regulation, 370

Microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539

Microbial biomass, physiological statusadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539

Microbial communitiesdiversity measurement, 578

Microbial populations inbrackish waters, 48, 55factor analysis, 55

Microfouling microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539

Mineralizationdetrital lignocelluloses, 735

Mineralization, lignocellulosearctic lake sediments, 32

Molds in brined cucumbers, 417Molecular filtration

poliovirus concentration in water, 426Monensin

effect on artificial rumen fermentation characteris-tics, 672

Moniliformineffect of high-level

long-term oral intake, 1142Moraxella-Acinetobacter cells

inactivation in an irradiation process, 480Most-probable-number analysis, coliforms

occurrence of false-positive results, 981shellfish and estuaries, 981

Most-probable-number methodcoliform enumeration, 186

MPN mediumnew selective medium for Bifidobacterium, 866

Mucor hiemalislipase induction, 257

Mutation inductionby drying of E. roli, 274

Mycobacterium bovisinactivation in meat products, 282

Mycoplasma pneumoniae growthcholesterol as limiting factor, 391

Naegleriaeffect of disinfectants, 62

Negative enrichmentfor L. pneumophila isolation, 849

Nematode-trapping fungicollagenase activity, 694collagenase production, 567influence of heavy metals, 694trap formation, 694

N2 fixationsalt tolerance, 689

N2-fixing Anabaena bloomphysiological adaptations to environmental stress,

587N2-fixing cyanobacteria

response to salt, 689Nitrate dissimilationmagnetic spirillum MS-1, 429

Nitrate reductioninhibition by tungstate, 163

Nitrifier populationsnitrification in organic soils, 75

Nitrifying bacteria

VOL. 40, 1980

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

NO2- and N20 production, 526Nitrogenase

effect of rice, 507Nitrous oxide production

ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic microorga-nisms in soil, 1060

N20 productionnitrifying bacteria, 526

N02- productionnitrifying bacteria, 526

n-Tetracosanegrowth of pseudomonad UP-2, 1086

Nucleotide measurements, aquatic microbial com-munities

effects of alkaline phosphatase activity, 549

Oak leaf microorganismseffects of heavy metal pollution, 1053

Ochratoxicosisbone strength, evaluation, 102glycogen phosphorylase inhibition, 522

Ochratoxicosis, broiler chickensintestinal fragility, 641

Ochratoxin Aprotein kinase inhibition, 522

Organic soils, nitrificationvariation in nitrifier populations, 75

Oscillatoria rubescensphysiological changes within metalimnetic layer, 681

Oxalate degradation, anaerobic, 840Oxalate-degrading bacteria, rumen, 833enrichment procedures for isolation, 833

Oxygen concentration, reducedN02- and N20 production by nitrifying bacteria, 526

Oysterspathogenic bacteria, 994re-laying and depuration, 994storage at ambient temperature, 994

Parasporal crystal, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakirocket immunoelectrophoresis, 897

Parenteral product, small-volumeLimulus amoebocyte lysate assay for endotoxin, 533

Particle-bound bacteriasalt marsh environment, 156

Pathogenic free-living amoebaeeffect of disinfectants, 62

Penicillium biformesource of rugulovasines A and B, 685

Penicillium rubrumsource of rugulovasines A and B, 685

Pesticideseffect on lipids from E. coli, 231

pHgas variability in E. coli, 309

Phenolic antioxidantseffect on aflatoxin B, mutagenicity, 1039

Phospholipids, E. colieffect of pesticides, 231

Photometer-nephelometer, multichannel, 458

monitoring of transmitted or scattered light inten-sity, 458

Pickles, air-purgedsoftening caused by molds, 417

Polioviruschlorine resistance, 1115concentration by molecular filtration, 426in water, 426retention in soil cores, 1032

Poliovirus concentrationelectropositive filters, 201from tap water, 201

Poliovirus single particlesinactivation by chlorine in water, 381

Polyethylene glycol dehydrogenasein PEG metabolism, 701purification and characterization, 701

Polyethylene glycol metabolisminvolvement of PEG dehydrogenase, 701

Polymers, extracellularcomparison of extraction methods, 179

Polyporus ancepsextracellular laccase, 1003

Potable waterstandard plate count bacteria, 922

Poultry carcassescourse of contamination, 133

Precipitation, non-immunologicalby Triton X-100, 1139in agar gel diffusion, 1139

Predation, bacterial and protozoanon E. coli, 907

Predation, protozoanon Rhizobium spp., 500

Proficiency test sample mediawater pollution indicator bacteria, 883

Prophage curinglactic streptococci, 964

Propionate-degrading bacterium, anaerobic, 626Propionibacteriafrom human facial skin, 1100new isolation medium, 1100

Pseudomonad UP-2growth on n-tetracosane, 10863P incorporation, 1086

Pseudomonas aeruginosaanaerobic transfer of antibiotic resistance from, 1

Pseudomonas putidapyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462

Psychrotrophic achromobactersidentification, 1106

Pteridinescatabolism by intestinal organisms, 244

Purinescatabolism by intestinal organisms, 244

Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatographyeffect of growth conditions, 462Y. enterocolitica virulence prediction, 646

Rabbitsantibody production against aflatoxin B,, 678

x SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX Xi

Radioactive wastemicrobial activity, 108

Radiometric methodSalmonella in foods, 223

Rapid-infiltration basinsenterovirus survival, 192

Respiring bacteriasalt marsh environment, 156

Reticulitermes flavipes termitesuric acid degradation, 125uricolytic bacteria in guts, 117

R factorsin coliform and Salmonella populations of a river,486

Rhizobiumjaponicumdiversity of indigenous populations, 931

Rhizobium phaseolichanges after Rhizobium sp. inoculation, 500

Rhizobium spp.protozoan predation, 500

Rhizobium trifoliiinfection sites on root hairs, 1094

Rhizopusjavanicuscomparison of two alcohol dehydrogenases, 967

Rhizosphere nitrogenaseeffect of rice, 507

Rice plantseffect on nitrogenase, 507

River watercoliformns and Salmonella spp., 486

Rocket immunoelectrophoresisB. thuringiensis parasporal crystal, 897

Root hairs, white cloverR. trifolii infection sites, 1094

Rotavirus concentrationtrypsin treatment and hydroextraction, 1133

R plasmidswaterborne dissemination, 756

R-plasmid transferfrom environmental E. coli, 756Z. mobilis, 7

Rugulovasines A and BP. rubrum and P. biforme as sources, 685

Rumen, artificialeffect of monensin, 672fermentation characteristics, 672

Rumen bacteriadigestion of legume leaves, 613inhibition of nitrate reduction by tungstate, 163nutritional interdependence, 294oxalate degrading, 833, 840

Rumen ciliatesassociation of methanogenic bacteria, 608

Ruminal contents, cattlestability of C. botulinum type B and C toxins, 161

Ruminococcus albusnutritional interdependence with B. amylophila andM. elsdenii, 294

Saline environmentresponse of N2-fixing cyanobacteria, 689

Salmonellacitrate utilization plasmids, 446

Salmonellaedelayed secondary enrichment for isolation, 783from broiler chickens, 783incidence in fecal samples of swine, 562

Salmonella infectionin corn silage, 285use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, 285

Salmonella in foodsrapid radiometric method, 223

Salmonella/microsome systemmutagenicity of islandicin and chrysophanol, 476

Salmonella spp.R factors, 486

Salmonella typhimnuriumsurvival in buried feces, 794

Salt marsh environmentparticle-bound and unattached respiring bacteria,

156Salt marsh sediment microflora

detrital lignocellulose mineralization, 735Sausage, dry

lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures, 472Sausages, fermented

staphylococcal thermonuclease on casings, 13SedimentHg methylation, 776

Sedimentary microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539

Sediment/water coresbiodegradation rates, 726estuarine and freshwater, 726

Serratia marcescens aerosols, 80Sewagecometabolism in, 917

Sewage sludge-fertilized landsalmonella in corn silage, 285

Shellfishtotal coliform MPN analysis, 981

Shrimp, frozenmicrobiological quality, 765

Silage, wheat and alfalfaepiphytic microflora, 1122

Skin, humanisolation of propionibacteria, 1100

Sodium dodecyl sulfategrowth of E. cloacae, 973

SoilCO consumption and production, 437macrotetrolide degradation, 264

Soil corespoliovirus retention, 1032

Soil materials in sewagevirus interactions and survival, 92

Soil moisturemicrobial activity in Histosols, 313

Soil organic matteraerobic and anaerobic catabolism, 313oxidation in Histosols, 313

Soils, flooded

VOL. 40, 1980

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

effect of rice on nitrogenase, 507Soils, low pH

denitrification, 235Soils, organic

nitrifier populations, 75Solid waste recovery system

coliforms in aerosols, 888Solubilizing agentsimproved yields of ellipticines, 741

Soybean fieldsR. japonicum populations, 931

Soy protein infant formulasD. nigrificans spores, 721

Soy saucebrine fermentation, 452

Sphaerotilusiron distribution and associated inhibition, 1049

Spirillum, magneticnitrate dissimilation, 429

Spore concentrationsaflatoxin production by A. parasiticus, 989

Standard plate count bacteriafrom drinking and untreated surface waters, 922rapid identification scheme, 922

Staphylococcal thermonucleaseon fermented-sausage casings, 13

Staphylococciscreening for enterotoxin, 1080

Staphylococcus aureuspyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462

Sterol-reducing Eubacteriumagar medium, 1130

Streptococci, group Ngene transfer, 84restriction and modification, 492

Streptococci, lacticassay of phages, 798

Streptococcus agalactiaebranched-chain amino acid transport, 25

Streptococcus cremorislytic phages, 326prophage curing, 964

Streptococcus lactisprophage curing, 964

Streptococcus thermophilusantibiotic resistance, 862

Streptomyces griseusenrichment of auxotrophic mutants, 675

Stress in waterE. coli cell envelope, 386

Sucroseantimicrobial effects, compared with lactulose, 171

Sugar caneethanol from, 466

Swineincidence of salmonellae in fecal samples, 562

Syntrophobacter wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov.from methanogenic ecosystems, 626isolation in coculture with Desulfovibrio sp., 626proprionate degrading, 626

Tap watermethod for concentration of bacteria from large

volumes, 912Temperature cycling

aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus, 333Termite guts

uric acid-degrading bacteria, 117Terpene modification

significance of moth gut microflora, 959Terpenes

effect on microorganisms, 301Terpenes, dietary

action of Douglas fir tussock moth larvae, 959Thermal injury

recovery using metabolic inhibitors, 939Y. enterocolitica, 939

Thermonuclease, staphylococcalon casings of fermented sausages, 13

Thermostabilizationenteroviruses, 305

Thermothrix thioparaautotrophic cultivation, 211growth and metabolism, 211

Tipula abdominalisbacteria associated with the gut tract, 408

Toxin, Clostridium botulinum type B, 1023Trench leachatesfrom radioactive waste disposal sites, 108microbial activity, 108

Triton X-100non-immunological precipitation in gel diffusion,

1139Trypsin treatment

rotavirus concentration from cell cultures, 1133T-2 toxinmetabolism in rats, 901

Tungstateinhibition of nitrate reduction, 163

Uric acid-degrading bacteriaguts of termites, 117, 125

Uricolysis, anaerobictermite gut bacteria, 125

Uricolytic gut bacteria of termites, 117Urinary tract pathogens

effect of H202, 337USP rabbit pyrogen test

potencies of four reference endotoxins, 1148

Versicolorin Abiosynthesis, 706role of VHA in biosynthesis, 706

Versiconal hemiacetal acetaterole in VA biosynthesis, 706

Vibrio parahaemolyticuseffective ileal loop dose, 1012marine bdellovibrios lytic against, 970

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, virulent and avirulentstrains

adherence as differentiation method, 652

SUBJECT INDEX

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Vibrios, group Fcharacteristics, 715from polluted coastal waters, 715

Virulence prediction, Y. enterocoliticapyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 646

Virulent and avirulent V. parahaemolyticus strainsadherence as differentiation method, 652

Viruses, Epstein-Barrgrowth and concentration method, 1044

Virus inactivationby chlorine, 249

Virus recoverybentonite concentration procedure, 423from wastewater sludges, 423

Virus survival in soil, 1067effect of soil moisture, 1067effect of temperature, 1067

Virus susceptibilityenhanced by emulsifiers, 787

Wastewater sludgesvirus recovery, 423

Waterchlorine inactivation of coxsackieviruses B3 and B5,

633Water, drinking

chlorine-resistant poliovirus isolants, 1115Water, lakeHg methylation, 776

Water activityand heat resistance of C. botulinum, 511

Water pollution indicator bacteriaproficiency test sample media, 883

Western equine encephalitis proteinspurification by glass wool column chromatography,

240Wheat silage

epiphytic microflora, 1122White rot fungus from cattle dung

lignocellulose decomposition, 169

Yeast morphologyeffect of aeration and CO2, 855

Yeastsinteraction with lactic acid bacteria in soy sauce

fermentation, 452Yersinia enterocoliticathermal injury, 939

Yersinia enterocolitica in milkenterotoxin production, 174thermal resistance, 174

Yersinia enterocolitica virulence prediction pyrolysisgas-liquid chromatography, 646

Yogurt starter culturesantibiotic resistance, 862

Zymomonas mobilisR-plasmid transfer, 7

SUBJECT INDEX...

APPLIED AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

MICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 40

WASHINGTON, DC 20006

1980

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 40 0 1980

EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing

Robert T. Belly, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company

Rochester, N. Y.

R. H. Deibel, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison

A. L. Demain, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,

Phoenix, Ariz.

Robert B. Hespell, Editor (1985)University of Illinois, Urbana

Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1982)Joan W. Benett (1981)Merln Bergdli (1981)Martha D. Beriner (1980)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1982)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1982)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Rita R. Colweil (1980)Richard A. Cons4gl (1982)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Fra Dazzo (1982)Steven W. Drew (1981)Richard Elander (1982)Beatrice Eland (1980)Jerald C. Ensig (1980)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1982)

Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1982)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)Bnrce Hamilton (1981)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbel (1981)John J. landolo (1980)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Michael J. King (1980)Roger Knowles (1982)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Lltchfield (1980)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Terry L. Miller (1982)Richard Morita (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronaid Oremland (1982)Eidor A. Paul (1980)Frederick C. Pearson (1982)

W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A."Reddy (1982)Douglas Rbons (1982)Antono H. Romano (1980)John P. Rosazza (1982)Harry Rosenberg (1982)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Olrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sklbrth (1981)Wiliam H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Hiroshi Suglyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (1981)David White (1982)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. WolIn (1982)Willam Yotls (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)

Giseila Poilock, Acting Managing EditorCheryl Cross, Production Editor

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

Albert Balows, President (1980-1981)J. Mebsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 1 St.,NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

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July 25 July 1980 1-178August 28 August 1980 179-431September 24 September 1980 433-687October 20 October 1980 689-854November 17 November 1980 855-988December 16 December 1980 989-1151

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