8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 1/13

USING SOURCES

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 2/13

Integrating Sources

Quote vs. Paraphrase

The difference

When to use them

Length of Quotes

Excluding Words in Quotes

Including Words in Quote

Signal Phrases

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 3/13

Quote vs. Paraphrase

Quotes

EXACT same words as original

Paraphrases

Summarizing a passage

Rearrange the order of a sentence

Change some words

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 4/13

Quote vs. Paraphrase

Quotes are used when« Language is especially vivid or expressive

Exact words are needed for technical

accuracy To let debaters explain their positions

The words lend authority to an argument

The specific language is being analyzed

Paraphrases are used when«Quoting is unnecessary

You want to convey the general idea

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 5/13

Sample text

´The danger is that as defense budgets

shrink and video games become ever-more sophisticated, there will be atemptation to replace live training withsimulations. For all the virtues of virtual

reality, it cannot recreate the tension,terror and bloodshed of war.µ (Peck, 2008)

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 6/13

Quote vs. Paraphrase Example

Quote:Despite the amount of money that can besaved, Peck (2008) argues that video games´cannot recreate the tension, terror and

bloodshed of warµ.

Paraphrase:Peck (2008) does not agree with using videogames to reduce the cost of military training,regardless of their sophistication, becausethey cannot provide an accurate portrayal ofwar.

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 7/13

Including Long Quotes

Long = 40+ Words

Should be used sparingly & only whenabsolutely necessary

Introduced with an informative sentencewith colon

Whole quote indented ½µ from left margin

No quotation marks used

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 8/13

Long Quote Example

½µ(margin)

½µ

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 9/13

Exclude/Include Words in aQuote

Excluding Words Replaced with an ellipses: beginning « end.

Done to omit unnecessary text

Must remain grammatically correct

Including Words Must be enclosed in brackets: [added words]

Used to help clarify a confusing term or reference

Often replaces a pronoun with a proper noun Makes a sentence grammatically correct

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 10/13

Exclusion Example

Original Text:

´Designing is in the genes for Angela and Vanessa Simmons,daughters of Joseph Simmons a.k.a Rev. Run, the rapper-turned-reality show star and co-owner of Run Athletics, with $4 million in

sales in 2006. The two have launched a new company thatfeatures playful, trendy footwear for young women.µ

Excluding Text:

´Designing is in the genes for Angela and Vanessa Simmons «.

The two have launched a new company that features playful,trendy footwear for young women.µ (Porter, 2007)

Ellipses plus aperiod, since thesentence ends.

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 11/13

Original Text:

´« she does have some ground rules. Top of the list? A womanshould never, ever wait for a man to buy her jewelry.µ

Inclusion Example

Including Text:´[Kimora Lee Simmons] does have some ground rules. Top ofthe list? A woman should never, ever wait for a man to buy her  jewelryµ (Kizis 218).

Tells us who ´sheµ is

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 12/13

Signal Phrases

Introduces quotes or paraphrases

Indirectly explains why you·re using the text

Usually says what/who you·re citing

Places what you are quoting in context

Don·t use the same signal phrase over andover and over and over and over and over 

and over and over and over and over andover and over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over andover and over and over and over and over 

and over and over and over and over and

8/3/2019 APA Using Sources

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apa-using-sources 13/13

Signal Phrase Examples

Danah Boyd, fellow at Harvard Berkman Center for Internet and Society points out the differencebetween the types of people who use MySpace andFacebook. Boyd describes Facebook users as ´goodie

two shoes, jocks, [and] athletesµ while MySpace usersare more likely to be ´punks, emos, goths, [and]gangstasµ (´Viewing American Classµ 2007, para.13).

In the book Freakonomics, economists Levittand Dubner (2005) discuss the way names chosen for children cycle down through the social classes. For example, the name ´Amberµ was popular amonghigh-income parents in the 1980·s, but is now popular among low-income parents (p.185).