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APA Documentation APA Documentation TutorialTutorial
How to Cite Using APA StyleHow to Cite Using APA Style
How and when to cite within your How and when to cite within your text according to APA style text according to APA style
How to create a References list, How to create a References list, citing a variety of sources:citing a variety of sources: PrintPrint Electronic Electronic MediaMedia
What to do if you come across What to do if you come across something unusual not covered in something unusual not covered in this tutorialthis tutorial
What Will this Tutorial Cover?What Will this Tutorial Cover?
What is APA?What is APA?
APA = APA = American Psychological American Psychological AssociationAssociation
Promulgates guidelines for Promulgates guidelines for preparing student research papers preparing student research papers and projects and scholarly and projects and scholarly manuscripts in the social and manuscripts in the social and behavioral sciencesbehavioral sciences
“ “APA style” refers to a system of APA style” refers to a system of citing research sourcesciting research sources
For all papers in APA style, use 12-pt, Times New Roman fontFor all papers in APA style, use 12-pt, Times New Roman font
Why Should I Cite?Why Should I Cite?
1. 1. Citing identifies sources used in a research paper or Citing identifies sources used in a research paper or projectproject
2. 2. It gives credit to those researchers, authors, and It gives credit to those researchers, authors, and writers whose words or ideas you borrow, writers whose words or ideas you borrow, acknowledging their role in shaping your research. acknowledging their role in shaping your research.
3. 3. It allows others to follow-up on or retrieve this materialIt allows others to follow-up on or retrieve this material 4. 4. To avoid charges of To avoid charges of plagiarismplagiarism
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism Plagiarism is:is: The unacknowledged use or appropriation of another The unacknowledged use or appropriation of another
person’s words or ideasperson’s words or ideas A form of cheating or stealingA form of cheating or stealing A serious academic offense
When you borrow words or ideas from sources to support When you borrow words or ideas from sources to support your argument or research you must give proper credit. your argument or research you must give proper credit. By crediting your sources, you avoid plagiarism. If you By crediting your sources, you avoid plagiarism. If you do not cite a source--intentionally or unintentionally--you do not cite a source--intentionally or unintentionally--you are guilty of plagiarism. are guilty of plagiarism.
When Should I Cite?When Should I Cite?
Many students plagiarize Many students plagiarize unintentionally. Remember, unintentionally. Remember, whenever you whenever you summarizesummarize, , paraphraseparaphrase or or quotequote another another author's material you must author's material you must properly credit your source.properly credit your source.
If you are using another person’s If you are using another person’s idea, you must also cite your idea, you must also cite your source!source!
My parent always said, “Don’t wet your bed” (Mom, 1990).
When in doubt, give credit to your source!
Summary, Paraphrase, Quote
A summary (aka ‘abstract’) briefly captures the main ideas of your source
A paraphrase is a restatement of the text of your source in your own words
Quotations can be direct (using quotation marks) or indirect (no quotation marks and often introduced by ‘that’) A noted psychologist states, “As recently as 20 years ago,
a bed-wetter was psychologically castigated for what could have been a physiological problem” (Tikling, 2009).
A noted psychologist observes that just two decades ago bed-wetters suffered psychologically for a medical problem that may have had a physiological source (Tikling, 2009).
In any of these cases, you must credit your source
How Do I Cite?How Do I Cite?
There are There are two partstwo parts to citing according to APA style: to citing according to APA style:
1.1. BriefBrief In-text citations In-text citations (often in parentheses) within the body of (often in parentheses) within the body of your essay or paper your essay or paper
2. List of full citations in the 2. List of full citations in the ReferencesReferences page at the end of your page at the end of your paperpaper
Note:Note: Sources cited in the text must appear in the References Sources cited in the text must appear in the References page. page. Conversely, each entry in the References page mustConversely, each entry in the References page must be be cited in the text. cited in the text.
APA provides these APA provides these guidelines for citations:guidelines for citations:
In-text citationsIn-text citations::
““References . . . are cited in text with an author-References . . . are cited in text with an author-date . . . and are listed alphabetically in the date . . . and are listed alphabetically in the reference list cited” (Publication Manual, 2010).reference list cited” (Publication Manual, 2010).
Reference list citationsReference list citations::
““Choose references judiciously . . . [and] reference Choose references judiciously . . . [and] reference data must be correct and complete” data must be correct and complete” ((Publication Publication Manual, 2009Manual, 2009).).
In-Text CitationsIn-Text Citations
Place the parenthetical reference at the end of Place the parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence before the punctuation mark. the sentence before the punctuation mark. Bedwetting emissions have been Bedwetting emissions have been
determined to consist mostly of two parts determined to consist mostly of two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen, plus hydrogen to one part oxygen, plus assorted diurnal chemicals (Wasser, assorted diurnal chemicals (Wasser, 2009).2009).
You must provide information that will You must provide information that will allow the reader to locate exactly where allow the reader to locate exactly where you found information in your sources. you found information in your sources. Usually this is the author's last name and Usually this is the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: the year of publication, for example: (Wasser, 2009)(Wasser, 2009)
In-Text Citations, Cont’dIn-Text Citations, Cont’d
When the author's name appears as part of your sentence When the author's name appears as part of your sentence (known as a “signal phrase”), do not use it again in the (known as a “signal phrase”), do not use it again in the parenthetical citation. Just give the year of publication:parenthetical citation. Just give the year of publication: Wasser (2009) argues that bedwetting is Wasser (2009) argues that bedwetting is ultimately a genetically predisposed behavior.ultimately a genetically predisposed behavior.
When there are two authors, name both authors every time When there are two authors, name both authors every time their work is referenced in your paper:their work is referenced in your paper: Among epidemiological samples, Selbst and Tikling Among epidemiological samples, Selbst and Tikling
(2008) found that early onset social anxiety disorder (2008) found that early onset social anxiety disorder results from adverse parental responses to bedwetting. results from adverse parental responses to bedwetting.
The study also showed that there was a high rate of The study also showed that there was a high rate of alcohol and drug abuse associated with unresolved alcohol and drug abuse associated with unresolved bedwetting issues (Selbst and Tikling, 2008). bedwetting issues (Selbst and Tikling, 2008).
Other Citation PossibilitiesOther Citation PossibilitiesWhen there are between 3 and 5 authors, name all When there are between 3 and 5 authors, name all at their first citing, including the year of at their first citing, including the year of
publication. At subsequent citings in your paper, retain only the first author and replace the publication. At subsequent citings in your paper, retain only the first author and replace the others with “et al.”:others with “et al.”:
Selbst, Tikling, Wang, Getz, and Wasser (2009) believe that bedwetters have a genetic Selbst, Tikling, Wang, Getz, and Wasser (2009) believe that bedwetters have a genetic predisposition for their behaviors.predisposition for their behaviors.
In work with the Human Genome Project, Selbst et al. (2009) have identified the unique gene In work with the Human Genome Project, Selbst et al. (2009) have identified the unique gene that contributes to bedwetting propensity.that contributes to bedwetting propensity.When there are 6 or more authors, use first author’s surname and “et al.” for the others as in When there are 6 or more authors, use first author’s surname and “et al.” for the others as in second example above in all citing instances.second example above in all citing instances.
If the author is a group (e.g., corporation, association, government agency), use the If the author is a group (e.g., corporation, association, government agency), use the entire name in your in-text cite, though some groups’ names can be abbreviated after entire name in your in-text cite, though some groups’ names can be abbreviated after the first instance:the first instance:
AAccording to government figures, boys are 35% more likely across the socio-economic ccording to government figures, boys are 35% more likely across the socio-economic spectrum than girls to wet their beds (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000). spectrum than girls to wet their beds (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000). Next Next instance: instance: (NIMH, 2000)(NIMH, 2000)
When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry; if article, chapter or web page, use quotation marks, if periodical, book, report, entry; if article, chapter or web page, use quotation marks, if periodical, book, report, use italics: use italics:
Bedwetters also wet couches (“IKEA Report,” 2005)Bedwetters also wet couches (“IKEA Report,” 2005) A popular college prep handbook, A popular college prep handbook, College Bound SeniorsCollege Bound Seniors (2008), recommends use of the (2008), recommends use of the
upper bunk if your roommate is a bed-wetter.upper bunk if your roommate is a bed-wetter.
Other Citation Possibilities, Cont’dOther Citation Possibilities, Cont’dSometimes you may want to refer to more than one source in your in-text citation. In that Sometimes you may want to refer to more than one source in your in-text citation. In that
case, you should place them alphabetically, separated by a semicolon:case, you should place them alphabetically, separated by a semicolon: Primary enuresis in young children is the expression of auto-erotic pleasure (Freud Primary enuresis in young children is the expression of auto-erotic pleasure (Freud
1901; Jung 1905). 1901; Jung 1905).
To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, especially if a direct quotation; To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, especially if a direct quotation; chapter; figure; table; or equation at the appropriate point in the your text:chapter; figure; table; or equation at the appropriate point in the your text:
In a letter to Freud, Ferenczi wrote, “I believe that syphilis leads to erythrophobia only In a letter to Freud, Ferenczi wrote, “I believe that syphilis leads to erythrophobia only in those people who in their childhood had to energetically suppress their rage toward in those people who in their childhood had to energetically suppress their rage toward their parents because of unjust punishment [especially because of punishment for their parents because of unjust punishment [especially because of punishment for enuresisenuresis]” (Brabant, Falzeder, and Giampieri-Deutsch, 1992, p. 271).]” (Brabant, Falzeder, and Giampieri-Deutsch, 1992, p. 271).
Jung establishes the significance of the father in the development of enuresis in young Jung establishes the significance of the father in the development of enuresis in young children (1916, chapter 3). children (1916, chapter 3).
In-text Citing of Electronic Sources
Treat electronic sources the same as print sources.Direct quotations from e-sources which don’t have page numbers are
referenced by paragraph or heading and paragraph number, if available:
Eiberg, Berendt, and Mohr (1995) concluded in a Danish study that “nocturnal enuresis, or nightly bedwetting in children more than seven years of age affects about 10% of seven-year-old children, with a wide range of frequencies between populations” (para. 4).
A recent Italian study found that “the prevalence of enuresis was higher when the child was from a family of low socio-economic status despite the child's age group” (Chiozza et al., 2002, “Results,” para 3). [This source has > 6 authors (in fact, 8), so ‘et al.’ is used for all authors after the first named author.]
References ListReferences List
The References list appears at the end of your The References list appears at the end of your paper on its own page.paper on its own page.
Everything you referenced in your text must be Everything you referenced in your text must be listed in your References list . listed in your References list .
Conversely, everything you list in the Conversely, everything you list in the References list must be cited in your essay. References list must be cited in your essay.
The References list provides the information The References list provides the information needed for a reader to find and retrieve any needed for a reader to find and retrieve any source used in your paper.source used in your paper.
Sample References PageSample References Page*Sources are listed alphabetically
Indent all lines after the first ½ inch foreach reference listed
*The entire References page is double-spaced
Title “References” is centered at the top of the page
Be sure to include the digital object identifier
(doi), if the source has one
All citations end in a period (.),
except those with a doi or URL
*All papers in APA style must be in 12-pt., Times New Roman font
Most Periodical Citations Will Include:Most Periodical Citations Will Include: AuthorAuthor DateDate TitleTitle Source informationSource information DOI (Digital Object Identifier)DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Bennett, H. J. (2004, December). Bennett, H. J. (2004, December). Bedwetting:Bedwetting:An overview of treatment options. An overview of treatment options. Nutrition Nutrition Health ReviewHealth Review, , 9090, 5-7. , 5-7. doi:10.9911.1137/1doi:10.9911.1137/1
Period
Page numbers
Last Name, Abbreviated First Period
Commas
Source in italics Period
Year, Month (in parentheses)
Period
All words in title are lower case--except for first word, first word after a
colon, and proper nouns
Volume # in italics
Colon
“digital object identifier”
Digital Object Identifier (doi)
A unique alphanumeric sequence, starting with “10,” used to identify and to locate an item on the Internet
Example: doi:10.1000/186.ken888.888lee (no period at the end)
Also assigned to print sources In a database, the doi is sometimes hidden
behind a button with the name of the database on it (e.g., PsychINFO) or the word “Article.”
When a doi is present, the URL is not necessary
General Tips:General Tips:Print ResourcesPrint Resources
Author’s last name first, then his first (and middle) name(s) abbreviated.Author’s last name first, then his first (and middle) name(s) abbreviated.Lee, K.Lee, K.
If more than one author, but no more than six, list all authors, separated by a comma, and If more than one author, but no more than six, list all authors, separated by a comma, and connecting the last with an ampersand: connecting the last with an ampersand:
Schulman, S. L., Colish, Y., von Zuben, F. C., & Kodman-Jones, C. Schulman, S. L., Colish, Y., von Zuben, F. C., & Kodman-Jones, C.
Titles of books and periodicals are italicized and only the first word in title and after a Titles of books and periodicals are italicized and only the first word in title and after a colon and proper nouns are capitalized: colon and proper nouns are capitalized:
Water world: Enuresis, the wet and dry of it.Water world: Enuresis, the wet and dry of it.Clinical PediatricsClinical Pediatrics
Article and chapter titles appear in regular font with same rules for capitalization:Article and chapter titles appear in regular font with same rules for capitalization:To treat bed-wetting, healthy doses of patience.To treat bed-wetting, healthy doses of patience.
BooksBooks What Should Be Included? What Should Be Included?
Author(s) or Editor(s). Author(s) or Editor(s). (Date of publication).(Date of publication).Complete titleComplete title. .
Edition (if indicated).Edition (if indicated).Place of publication: Place of publication: Publisher.Publisher.DOI (if available).DOI (if available).
Butler, R. J., Green, D., & Procter, H.
(2007).(2007).Child within: Taking the young Child within: Taking the young person's perspective byperson's perspective byapplying personal construct applying personal construct psychology.psychology. (2(2ndnd ed). ed).
Chichester, England:Chichester, England:
Wiley & Sons.Wiley & Sons.
10.1007/978-1-84882-023-410.1007/978-1-84882-023-4
Book ExamplesBook Examples
With one author:With one author:
Seligman, L. (1999). Seligman, L. (1999). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive, Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive,
systematic guide to treating mental disorderssystematic guide to treating mental disorders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
With three to six authors:With three to six authors:
Tikling, S. F., Avulsion, D. T., Bonds, B., & Huckabee, T. S. (2008). Tikling, S. F., Avulsion, D. T., Bonds, B., & Huckabee, T. S. (2008).
Unstoppable leakages: Every child deserves plumbingUnstoppable leakages: Every child deserves plumbing. Lanham, MD: . Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield.Rowman & Littlefield.
List all authors Last Name in full, then first(and middle) name(s) abbreviated
Italicize title of book Use a colon between the main title and the subtitle
Remember to indent all lines after the first line ½ inch
Date of publication in parentheses, followed by a
period
Publisher’s name
If city of publication is
not well-known, add state postal
code
Books, ContinuedBooks, Continued
Editors as authors:Editors as authors:
Schmandt, J., & Schmundt, R. (Eds.). (1999). Schmandt, J., & Schmundt, R. (Eds.). (1999). Regional bedwetting styles: Regional bedwetting styles:
Impacts and response strategiesImpacts and response strategies. New York: Oxford University Press.. New York: Oxford University Press.
Book by a corporate author: Book by a corporate author:
National Research Council. (1992). National Research Council. (1992). China and the damming of the Three China and the damming of the Three
Gorges: Opportunities for psychic enuresisGorges: Opportunities for psychic enuresis. Washington: National . Washington: National
Academy.Academy.
For books with editors, list the editor’(s) name(s) followed by “Eds.” in parentheses.Follow with a period.
For corporate author, use full name
Two or More Sources by the Two or More Sources by the Same Author(s):Same Author(s):
Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2009). Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2009). The changing The changing
atmosphere: Enuretic raindropsatmosphere: Enuretic raindrops. New Haven, CT: Yale University . New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press.Press.
Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2010). Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2010). The adipose The adipose
greenhouse: Population, climate change, and creating a sustainable greenhouse: Population, climate change, and creating a sustainable
water supplywater supply. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
List sources by the same author(s) in chronological order of their publication date.
Periodical ArticlesPeriodical ArticlesWhat Should Be Included?What Should Be Included?
Author(s).Author(s).Article title.Article title.(Publication date in (Publication date in
parenthesis.).parenthesis.).Periodical title (journal, Periodical title (journal,
magazine) italicized.magazine) italicized.Volume # italicizedVolume # italicized, (Issue # , (Issue #
in parentheses),in parentheses),Page numbers of the article.Page numbers of the article.Digital Object Identifier or Digital Object Identifier or
URL preceded by the URL preceded by the phrase, “Retrieved from” phrase, “Retrieved from” (w/o quotation marks)(w/o quotation marks)
Depends on the type of Depends on the type of periodical: Journal, periodical: Journal, Magazine, or NewspaperMagazine, or Newspaper
But they generally require But they generally require this informationthis information
What Should Be Included?What Should Be Included? Journal Articles Journal Articles
Author(s).Author(s).(Date of publication.). (Date of publication.). Article title.Article title.
Periodical title (journal, magazine, Periodical title (journal, magazine, newspaper) Italicized.newspaper) Italicized.
Volume #Volume #(Issue #), (Issue #), Page #.Page #.Digital Object Identifier.Digital Object Identifier.
Farley, H. W., Long, H., Close, Farley, H. W., Long, H., Close, G., & Short, M. G., & Short, M.
(2008).(2008).The scientific case for modern The scientific case for modern
anthropogenic causes for enlarged anthropogenic causes for enlarged prostate due to childhood enuresis prostate due to childhood enuresis in adult males. in adult males.
Monthly ReviewMonthly Review
6060(3), (3), 68-90.68-90.doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.116.doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.116.
ArticlesArticlesJournal article with doi:Journal article with doi:Farley, H. W., Long, H., & Short, M. (2008). The scientific case for modern anthropogenic causes for
enlarged prostate due to childhood enuresis in adult males. Monthly Review, 60(3), 68-90.
doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.116.
Magazine:Magazine:
Manthorpe, C, Womening, M., Evadam, J., & Biternatura, L. (2009, May). "Feminists look at the scienc Manthorpe, C, Womening, M., Evadam, J., & Biternatura, L. (2009, May). "Feminists look at the scienc
of enuretic doppelgangers. of enuretic doppelgangers. New ScientistNew Scientist 8585(3), 29-31. (3), 29-31.
Newspaper:Newspaper:
Tilgham, S. M. (2009, September 30). Science vs. women--a radical solution. Tilgham, S. M. (2009, September 30). Science vs. women--a radical solution. New York TimesNew York Times, pp. F1, , pp. F1,
F5.F5.
Volume numbers in italics
Dates: For journals, year; for magazine, month and if applicable, week; for daily newspaper, date. Note Formats: YYYY, MMM, DD.
Issue # in parentheses
Periodical titles in italics
In a newspaper article reference, use “pp.” if more than one page, “p.” if only a single page.
General Tips General Tips Electronic ResourcesElectronic Resources
Digital Object Identifier (doi): Imperative that you include the Digital Object Identifier (doi): Imperative that you include the doi if it’s availabledoi if it’s available
e.g., doi:10.3598.23444/k8iei.777 (no period at the end)e.g., doi:10.3598.23444/k8iei.777 (no period at the end)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): If the doi is not available, Uniform Resource Locator (URL): If the doi is not available, use the URL (begins with “http:”) preceded by the phrase use the URL (begins with “http:”) preceded by the phrase “Retrieved from”“Retrieved from”
e.g., Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com (no period e.g., Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com (no period at the end)at the end)
Database: Generally not necessary to identify, unless the Database: Generally not necessary to identify, unless the database is archival (e.g., JSTOR, ERIC) database is archival (e.g., JSTOR, ERIC)
Internet SourcesInternet Sources What Should Be Included? What Should Be Included?
Author(s), if available:Author(s), if available:(Date electronic (Date electronic
publication was last publication was last updated.).updated.).
Title of the document.Title of the document.Title of scholarly project, Title of scholarly project,
database, periodical, database, periodical, or websiteor website..
URL addressURL address
Woo, C., & Hwang, D.Woo, C., & Hwang, D.
(2010).(2010).
Adjunctive behaviors in enuretic Adjunctive behaviors in enuretic preschoolers. preschoolers.
In S. Sue (Ed.), In S. Sue (Ed.), The Stanford The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall (Fall 2010 ed.).2010 ed.).
Retrieved from Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behavioralismhavioralism
WebsitesWebsites
Joyce, J., Dedalus, S., Bloom, L., & Bloom, M. (2009). Chiastic structure Joyce, J., Dedalus, S., Bloom, L., & Bloom, M. (2009). Chiastic structure
and its affect on Mobius strips, Escher prints, and enuretic and its affect on Mobius strips, Escher prints, and enuretic
behaviors of gimpy gertys. HyperJoyce Studies. Hypermedia Joyce behaviors of gimpy gertys. HyperJoyce Studies. Hypermedia Joyce
Studies, Studies, 1010. Retrieved from . Retrieved from
http://http://hjs.ff.cuni.cz/main/essays.php?essay=joycehjs.ff.cuni.cz/main/essays.php?essay=joyce
Yee, P., & Yee, K. (2008). Climatological impacts on and fractal patterns Yee, P., & Yee, K. (2008). Climatological impacts on and fractal patterns
of urinal stainsof urinal stains. . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved
from http://www.epa.govfrom http://www.epa.gov
Electronic ArticlesElectronic Articles
Journal:Journal:
Laurance, A. R. A. B. (2008). Can carbon-Laurance, A. R. A. B. (2008). Can carbon-
laundering save bedsheets? laundering save bedsheets? Bioscience,Bioscience, 5858(4), (4),
286-87. doi:10.2010.1492/cc.3shps286-87. doi:10.2010.1492/cc.3shps
Digital Object IdentifierNo period
Volume #(Issue#), page numbers
Electronic Articles, ContinuedElectronic Articles, Continued
Newspaper:Newspaper:
Ball, J. N., Chain, A., & Bonds, B. (2008, October 9). Ball, J. N., Chain, A., & Bonds, B. (2008, October 9).
“Warmer climates a determinant in free-flow enuretic “Warmer climates a determinant in free-flow enuretic
behaviors.” behaviors.” Wall Street Journal, Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A5.pp. A1, A5.
Source in italics
Date article was published
If only a single page, use “p.”; if continuous pages, use hyphen, e.g., A1-A5
Electronic BooksElectronic Books
Electronic versions of print book:Electronic versions of print book:
Salty, J. (2009). Bed-time stories for bedwetters: Putting a cork in it [10Salty, J. (2009). Bed-time stories for bedwetters: Putting a cork in it [10 thth ed.]. doi: ed.]. doi:
10.1036/0071339372210.1036/00713393722
Sweet, W. (2010). Sweet, W. (2010). Kicking the bedwetting habit: What it takes to dry up Kicking the bedwetting habit: What it takes to dry up [Rev. ed[Rev. ed..]. ].
Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com
Electronic-only book:Electronic-only book:
Trojan, S. C. (n.d.). Trojan, S. C. (n.d.). Creating a climate for change: Communicating change and Creating a climate for change: Communicating change and
facilitating social changefacilitating social change. Retrieved from http://www.googlebooks.com/itemID=456 . Retrieved from http://www.googlebooks.com/itemID=456
Info re: editions, volume numbers, page numbers go in brackets followed by a period
Other Sources
Other sources can also be used and cited
•Technical & research reports
•Meetings & symposia
•Doctoral dissertations & master’s theses
•Audiovisual media
•Data sets, software, measurement instruments, and apparatus
•Internet messages boards, electronic mailing lists, online communities
Other Sources What Should Be Included?What Should Be Included?
Technical reports:Technical reports:
Browning, R. & Barrett, E. (2006). Browning, R. & Barrett, E. (2006). Romantic auras and enuretic halos (Romantic auras and enuretic halos (Report No. Report No. 1869). Devonshire, England.1869). Devonshire, England.
National Institute of Mental Health. Task Force on Female Enenurism. (2008). National Institute of Mental Health. Task Force on Female Enenurism. (2008). Report Report on the sexualization of prepubscent girls diagnosed with enurismon the sexualization of prepubscent girls diagnosed with enurism . Retreived from . Retreived from http://www.nimh.gov/taskforceenurism/sexualization
Meetings & symposia, published proceedings:Meetings & symposia, published proceedings:
Hegel, J., Bach, J. S., & Maeterninck, F. (2008, May). Hegel, J., Bach, J. S., & Maeterninck, F. (2008, May). Dialectics, atonal harmony, Dialectics, atonal harmony, francophile politics and interdisciplinary enureticsfrancophile politics and interdisciplinary enuretics. In Godel, J. (Chair), . In Godel, J. (Chair), 109109thth Symposium of Enuretics AnonymousSymposium of Enuretics Anonymous. Symposium conducted at the meeting of . Symposium conducted at the meeting of Enuretics Anonymous, Thailand.Enuretics Anonymous, Thailand.
Other Sources What Should Be Included?What Should Be Included?
Cont’dCont’dDoctoral dissertations:Doctoral dissertations:
Wannabee, R. J. (1996). Bedwetters and broomsticks: An inquiry into discipline Wannabee, R. J. (1996). Bedwetters and broomsticks: An inquiry into discipline and enurismand enurism (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from University Microfilms. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from University Microfilms. (Accession No. 192883-96)(Accession No. 192883-96)
Audiovisual Media, video:Audiovisual Media, video:
Hitchcock, A. (Director). (1957). Hitchcock, A. (Director). (1957). Rear window on enuretic behavior among adults Rear window on enuretic behavior among adults [DVD]. Available from Universal Studios. [DVD]. Available from Universal Studios.
Internet message boards, electronic mailing lists, and online communities—blog Internet message boards, electronic mailing lists, and online communities—blog post:post:
Jobs, S. (2010, June 6). I-phone 4 and enuretic ring tones [Web log comment]. Jobs, S. (2010, June 6). I-phone 4 and enuretic ring tones [Web log comment]. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/newproducts/iphone/4/phpts/iphone/4/php
Publication manual of the American Psychological AssociationPublication manual of the American Psychological Association. (2010.. (2010.) ) 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Trimmer, J. F. Trimmer, J. F. A guide to MLA documentation: with an appendix A guide to MLA documentation: with an appendix to APA styleto APA style. (2010.) 8. (2010.) 8thth ed. Boston: ed. Boston: Wadsworth.Wadsworth.
If you come across If you come across anything not anything not mentioned in this mentioned in this presentation or need presentation or need further information, further information, consult the consult the Publication Manual Publication Manual of the APAof the APAin the library!in the library!
Subtitle for this slim, but handy guide is “with an appendix to APA style.”
The APA ‘Bible’