Anthony the Great & the early Desert Fathers: why their contribution to the faith was important then and why it is important now

8/3/2019 Anthony the Great & the early Desert Fathers: why their contribution to the faith was important then and why it is i…

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E`tmo`q tmc Krcete`d tmc ceriq Dczcrt Letmcrz

{mq tmcar jo`trabstao` to tmc leatm {ez anvorte`t tmc`

e`d {mq at az anvorte`t ò{

Ol stnozt rcic|e`jc to jo`tcnvorerq Jmraztaeàtq az icerà`k lron c}envicz {mo

me|c ko`c bclorc sz. E {ceitm ol gò{icdkc az e|eaiebic to tmozc {mo erc zo a`jia`cd to

ioog. Tmaz vevcr az e` c`dce|or to icer`. [c icer` bq c`keka`k maztorq) e`d tmcrclorc

otmcrz icer` tmroskm tmet zenc rczcerjm. Bq lojsza`k o` tmc c}vcrac`jc ol E`tmo`q e`d

tmc Dczcrt Letmcrz A {aii tegc e hosr`cq tmroskm tmc vezt) a`to tmc vrczc`t) ztrczza`k tmc

`cjczzerq jo`jcvt ol dazjavia`c) e`d mo{ tmet az e `cjczzerq vert ol tmc vcrlcjtao` ol

tmc Jmraztae` ialc. Tmc jsinaètao` ol vcrlcjtao` az òt lor osr o{` vsrvozcz. At az Kod

Manzcil {mo dczarcz tmaz jsinaètao` a` osr ia|cz) zo tmet {c je` ka|c at e{eq ez usajgiq

ez {c me|c ettea`cd at. Zojactq az {eata`k lor e` e`z{cr to tmc vrobicn ol ialc) e`d

{atmost e` ejta|c vsrzsat ol Kodia`czz) tmc jmsrjm az aiicusavvcd to vro|adc tmet e`z{cr.

A bciac|c e `cjczzerq jonvo`c`t to ejmac|a`k tmaz koei) ez nsjm ez {c erc ebic a` tmaz

ialc) {aii bc los`d a` tmozc {mo me|c jevta|etcd maztorq bq tmc jo`tcnvieta|c ialc tmcq

me|c ia|cd.

Zojactei Vrobicn

Todeq az e deq ol tcjmòiokajei ze||q) ol a`tciicjtsei zsvcraoratq) ol rcla`cnc`t

e`d zovmaztajetao`) e deq a` {majm {c ioog bejg o` qcerz vezt e`d znskiq jmsjgic et

mo{ vranata|c e`d akòre`t tmcq {crc. [c iagc to tma`g ol osr ejjonviazmnc`tz

5



vozata|ciq) vrclcrra`k to zcc tmc o|creii kood ol {met tmozc ed|e`jcnc`tz me|c

ejjonviazmcd retmcr tme` tmc {erz) vo|crtq) dcvrczzao`) e`d otmcr aiiz tmet me|c bcleiic`

otmcr kc`cretao`z ol tmc msne` rejc s`lortsètc còskm to zsllcr tmc ebszcz ol

nodcràtq. Czjeva`k osr òtajc) or norc daztsrba`kiq) bca`k jo`|càc`tiq akòrcd) az tmet

osr zojactq az zsllcra`k lron renve`t e`}actq e`d dcvrczzao`) zsajadc) nsrdcr 5) e`d

a`da|adseiaxetao`. [c erc e` o|crztansietcd kc`cretao` korka`k osrzci|cz o` ncdae)

zsvcrlisosz evviae`jcz) A`tcr`ct e`d otmcr jonnsàjetao` dc|ajcz) ejjczz to

gò{icdkc -botm trsc e`d leizc!) e`d e mozt ol otmcr ed|e`jcnc`tz dczak`cd to zanvialq

osr ia|cz bst a` lejt jo`trabsta`k to e` o|creii a`jrcezc a` zojaei azoietao` e`d dcvra|etao`.

At az tanc to tegc e ioog bejg) zonc 5<66 qcerz) to e tanc {mc` tmosze`dz {crc

rcbciia`k ekea`zt tmcar o{` bettic ol nodcràtq. A` ztsdqa`k tmc ia|cz ol tmc ceriq dczcrt

no`gz) nozt òtebiq E`tmo`q) {c je` icer` tmc bc`clatz ol {atmdre{a`k lron tmc {orid

to zccg Kod) bst eizo tmc vatleiiz lron tmcar c}trcnatacz.

Tmc`

A` tmc 4tm Jc`tsrq E.D. e qos`k ne` ol ebost ’t{c`tq qcerz ol ekc) ke|c e{eq

maz {ceitm e`d zoo` toog sv tmc ialc ol zoiatsdc a` e tonb„ 2 to vsrzsc e` =6 qcer hosr`cq

ol zcerjma`k ost tmc dccv tma`kz ol Jmrazt. Tmc rcezo` lor doa`k zo {ez bcjeszc ol {met

{ez mevvcà`k a` tmc {orid) e`d a` ierkc vert tmet {ez me|a`k e` s`mceitmq a`lisc`jc o`

tmc jmsrjm.: Tmc razc ol Jo`zte`ta`c ve|cd tmc {eq lor e `c{ ga`d ol Jmraztaeàtq) o`c

tmet mez bcc` jratajaxcd annc`zciq za`jc. Bclorc Jo`zte`ta`c) tmc nertqrz med bcc`

5 Noztiq a` tmc lorn ol ebortao`. Einozt 566)666 a` Jeède eio`c a` 2663. ’E``sei Ebortao` Retcz.„

EbortaoÀ`Jeède.je. [cb. 3 @o|. 2655.

2 Zmciicq) Brsjc. Jmsrjm Maztorq a` Viea` Ie`ksekc. 2`d cd. @ezm|aiic) T@8 Tmonez @cizo`) A`j) 5113. 55=. Vra`t.:

Zmciicq 55=

2



mcreidcd ez tmc va`èjic ol Jmraztae` adcoiokq. Tmcrc med bcc` ò makmcr moòr tme` to

dac lor tmc jeszc ol Jmrazt. Tmc ickeiaxcd lorn ol Jmraztaeàtq mo{c|cr) meitcd tmc

vcrzcjstao` tmet med s`gò{a`kiq lorncd tmc bejgbo`c ol tmc nertqr. Tmc ezjctajazn ol

tmc no`gz tmc` zsjjccdcd tmc rczoistao` ol tmc nertqrz.4 [atm tmc ed|c`t ol anvcraei

Jmraztaeàtq tmc cre ol nertqrdon jenc to e` c`d) e`d tmc dcdajetao` ol Jmraztae`z

vrcdajtebiq {e`cd. [atm ’tmc vrokrczz ol tmc nezz jo`|crzao` tmc dazjavia`c ol tmc

Jmsrjm {ez bca`k rcie}cd e`d tmc kev bct{cc` tmc adcei e`d tmc vcrlorne`jc ol tmc

e|crekc Jmraztae` {adc`cd.„3 [met {osid bc tmc lejc ol tmc `c{ ga`d ol dcdajetao`? At

toog o` tmc lorn ol tmc mcrnat) tmc ezjctaj) tmc dczcrt no`g) a` ierkc vert bcjeszc ol

E`tmo`q.

A` tmc renve`t jmsrjm kro{tm ol tmc 4tm Jc`tsrq) tmcrc {crc `ccd ol tmczc

redajeiz) {mo bq zmccr dajmotonq) josid zmo{ tmc ònaèi Jmraztae`z to {met c}tc`t

dc|otao` to Jmrazt josid bc zoskmt. A` e` ekc {mcrc zo ne`q bcjenc Jmraztae`z bq

`cjczzatq or vovsieratq) vcovic iagc E`tmo`q {crc dczvcretciq `ccdcd to jeii tmozc `c{

Jmraztae`z a`to ejjos`t. Tmcar ia|cz bcjenc e tcztano`q to zsjm e dckrcc tmet vcovic)

iagc nc) ms`drcdz e`d ms`drcdz e`d ms`drcdz ol qcerz eltcr) lorjabiq zct tmcn ekea`zt

tmcar {aii svo` e makm zvaratsei vcdcztei ez c}cnvierq {at`czzcz to tmc leatm {c eii {osid

iagc to cnsietc) et icezt adceiiq.

@o{

Zcjsierazn vrodsjcz e zojactq dc|oad ol trsc nceà`k. A` e` cllort to rcdsjc tmc

òtao` ol ’Kod„ zojactq mez c`dce|osrcd to cianaètc tmet {majm A bciac|c az e |atei vert

4Bea`to`) Roie`d. Ceriq Jmraztaeàtq . @c{ Hcrczq8 D. \e` @orztre`d Jonve`q -Jeède!) A`j) 51<6. ;2. Vra`t.

3Ietosrcttc) Gc``ctm Zjott. E Maztorq ol Jmraztaeàtq. @c{ Qorg) @.Q.8 51;3. 225. Vra`t.

:



ol tmc moiaztaj msne` bca`k) tmc zvarat. [atmost tmaz òtao` ol e zvaratsei ialc vrona`c`jc az

ka|c` to anncdaejq) {majm az a`tra`zajeiiq zcilazm) e`d {c jo`tcnvietc iattic bcqo`d osr

o{` ia|cz. Za`jc tmaz ialc az eii tmet tmcrc az) zetazlejtao`) vsrvozc) e`d mevva`czz az

dcra|cd lor osr o{` vcrzoèi bc`clat.

Tmc ieddcr {c zo oltc` zvceg ol mez òtma`k to do {atm tmc o`c Hejob drcent ol

zo io`k eko)< {mcrc Kod ztood e`d zvogc {ordz ol c`josrekcnc`t e`d dczta`q o|cr

Maz s`{ortmq zcr|e`t. [c ò{ zvceg ol e ieddcr {majm lornz tmc bezaz ol eii {c moid

dcer) ènciq) osr a`da|adsei ed|e`jcnc`t.

[mc` zojactq docz zvceg ol zvaratsei tma`kz) {majm ztsdacz me|c lortsètciq

zmo{` to bc a`jrceza`k); tmcq do zo a` rckerdz to tmc ’tre`zjc`dc`t„) {majm zccnz to bc

hszt eòtmcr {eq to vronotc zvaratseiatq) {atmost ejtseiiq ka|a`k e`qo`c tmc tooiz to

te`kabiq ettea` tmaz zvaratsei tre`zjc`dc`jc. At az rcdsjcd to zonctma`k zo zsbhcjta|c tmet

e`q dclaàtao` az zcc` ez zmortzakmtcd or ’rciakaosz„) c`tarciq nazza`k tmc koei ol

zvaratseiatq.

[maic A zcc tmaz zcjsier zvaratseiatq ez jonvictciq nazza`k tmc voa`t) A je` ednat

tmet tmaz az e ztcv a` tmc rakmt darcjtao` et icezt. E`q ovcà`k sv to tmc tma`kz ol tmc zvarat

az e` ovcà`k lor Kod to brceg tmroskm) e`d eizo e` ovcà`k lor Maz vcovic to

jonnsàjetc Maz io|c to vcovic a` zsjm {eqz ez tmcq me|c òt c}vcrac`jcd bclorc.

Tmc Jmsrjm mez eizo bcc` ellcjtcd bq tmaz zcjsierazn) e`d {maic A je`òt zvceg

{atm nsjm estmoratq o` tmc ztetc ol Rone` Jetmoiajazn) A je` kc`creiaxc bezcd o` nq

<Kc`czaz 2=.5622

; Zc`zc) E`drc{) e`d Nerao Lcrè`do. "Tmc Zvaratsei Adc`tatq ol Vrohcjtz." A`tcrètaoèi Hosrèi ol Vrohcjt Neèkcnc`t 21.3

-2655!8 3645:. [cb.

4



c}vcrac`jc {orga`k {atm nsitavic dcònaètao`z a` |erqa`k jo`ta`c`tz {atma`

Vrotczte`tazn.

A` tmc Jmsrjm) tmcrc o`jc ekea` `ccdz to bc e {atmdre{a`k lron zojactq to osr

o{` dczcrt c}vcrac`jc. ’O`c ol tmc dra|a`k nota|etao`z lor tmc no`g {ez tmc zcerjm lor

zoiatsdc. Zojactq) {atm atz òazc e`d atz ne`q ejta|atacz) {ez zcc` ez e tcnvtetao` e`d e

daztrejtao` lron tmc noèztaj koei„= {majm sitanetciq {ez Jmraztiagc`czz. [atm eii tmc

daztrejtao` tmet zojactq ollcrz to sz) {majm zonc {osid zeq erc e lorn ol Kod‑z biczza`k)

tmcrc az e darc `cjczzatq to jer|c ost osr o{` je|c a` tmc nadzt ol at) la`da`k zoiatsdc

{majm {aii cèbic sz to ncct {atm Jmrazt e`d mcer lron Man ez mo{ to ia|c norc lsiiq a`

ts`c {atm tmc Moiq Zvarat) cnvo{cra`k sz to zcr|c osr `ccdlsi jsitsrc a` e norc Kodiagc

{eq.

[mc` E`tmo`q larzt mcerd tmc jeii ol tmc ezjctaj ialc at {ez a` tmc lorn ol tmc

Kozvci ejjos`t ol Hczsz e`d tmc rajm qos`k rsicr. E`tmo`q c`tcrcd e jmsrjm e`d ’mcerd

tmc Iord zeqa`k to tmc rajm ne` ”Al qos {osid bc vcrlcjt) ko e`d zcii tmet qos me|c e`d

ka|c to tmc voor7 e`d jonc loiio{ Nc e`d qos zmeii me|c trcezsrc a` mce|c`.„ 1 E`tmo`q

anncdaetciq dad tmaz) c|c` koa`k to zsjm c}trcncz ol ka|a`k sv maz qos`kcr zaztcr a`to

tmc jerc ol e iojei jo`|c`t to loiio{ maz jeiia`k%56 Tmaz {ez e mskc gcq lor E`tmo`q to

c}vcrac`ja`k tmc vcejc ol Kod a` maz ialc7 tmc zcilzejralajaei ètsrc ol Ga`kdon ia|a`k a`

{majm trsc hoq az oìq los`d.

Tcicaoz

=Ko`xeicx) Hszto I. Tmc Ztorq ol Jmraztaeàtq. Vcebodq) NE8 Vra`jc Vrczz) 51=4. 5:=. Vra`t.

1 Etmeèzasz. Zt Etmeèzasz8 Ialc ol Zt E`tmo`q. Enexo` Dakatei Zcr|ajcz) 2656. Iojetao` :5. Ga`dic Cdatao`.

56 Etmeèzasz 42

3



E`tmo`q mcerd tmc {ordz ol Nettmc{ a` maz ejjos`t ol Hczsz‑ ialc a` jmevtcr 5<)

|crzc 25. [mc` {c rced tmc {ord ’vcrlcjt„ -or ’jonvictc„) ez at je` eizo bc rc`dcrcd! a`

osr C`kiazm Babicz {c nszt rceiaxc tmet Nettmc{ iagciq mcerd tmaz tcejma`k ol Hczsz a`

Ereneaj) e`d mc jmozc tmc Krccg {ord tcicaoz ez tmc `cerczt cusa|eic`t to {met Hczsz

zead. Tmc {ord tcicaoz nce`z ’Laàzmcd) tmet {majm mez rcejmcd atz c`d) tcrn) ianat7

mc`jc) jonvictc) lsii) iejga`k òtma`k„ e`d ’laksreta|ciq nceà`k lsiikro{` a` na`d e`d

s`dcrzte`da`k7 a` gò{icdkc ol tmc trstm7 a` Jmraztae` leatm e`d |artsc.„55 A` iakmt ol tmaz) e

vajtsrc ztertz to lorn ebost {mq Hczsz toid tmc rajm qos`k rsicr) e`d E`tmo`q) e`d

Lre`jaz ol Ezzaza) e`d ne`q otmcr ms`drcdz ol zccga`k loiio{crz) to zcii eii e`d ka|c to

tmc voor) òt iooga`k to tonorro{ bst oìq tega`k tmoskmt lor todeq. [met zccnz to sz to

bc c}trcnc leètajazn az ejtseiiq tmc iabcretao` cejm ol sz jre|c e`d trsiq dczarc) bst osr

netcraeiazn jmogcz sz lron tmaz |crq lrccdon {c zo dczvcretciq `ccd. [mc` E`tmo`q

obcqcd tmaz jeii mc brogc jmea`z ol ovvrczzao` {majm mcid manzcil e`d me|c mcid

naiiao`z -vozzabiq baiiao`z! eiac` to tmc ialc ol jonnsào` Kod mez dczarcd lor sz. Iagc tmc

rajm qos`k rsicr) Kod {e`tz to lrcc sz lron tmc zèrc osr netcraei vozzczzao`z moid sz

a`. Tmaz az a`dccd kood `c{z.

At {osid bc c`tarciq anvrejtajei lor c|crq o`c ol sz to tegc tmaz jonne`d iatcreiiq.

[c ia|c a` e nsjm dallcrc`t deq e`d jsitsrc tme` E`tmo`q dad) bst tmc vra`javic rcnea`z

tmc zenc. Tmc {orid az jorrsvt) e`d s`lortsètciq tmc jmsrjm rcnea`z ler bcma`d tmc

tcicaoz {mcrc Hczsz {e`tz mcr to bc) nsjm lor tmc rcezo` tmet zmc az a`lisc`jcd to e

krcet dckrcc bq tmet |crq {orid. [c eii `ccd osr o{` dczcrt c}vcrac`jc) e {atmdre{a`k

lron tmc bsza`czz e`d zmeiio{`czz ol ialc) to rclojsz o` osr Ze|aor e`d Maz sitanetc

55 Tmc Mcbrc{Krccg Gcq [ord Ztsdq Babic. @c{ Encraje` Zte`derd Babic. Cd. Zvaroz Xodmaetcz) [errc` Begcr)

Hoci Gictxa`k. Jmetteòoke) T@. ENK A`tcrètaoèi) A`j.) 266=. 2216. Vra`t

<



vsrvozcz lor osr ialc. At brcegz nq mcert) e`d at nszt brceg Kod‑z too) {mc` Maz jmsrjm

az jo`zsncd {atm tra|aeiatacz {maic tmc zsllcra`k eros`d sz kro{z e`d kro{z. [c erc òt

c|c` jiozc to tmc tcicaoz a`tc`dcd. Tmc no`gz licd lron tmaz a`hsztajc) qct {c `ccd òt.

C|c` {atm eii tmc a`lisc`jc E`tmo`q e`d tmc ceriq Dczcrt Letmcrz med) tmcrc {ez

e letei lie{ a` tmc tmcoiokq ol noèztajazn tmet {c je` icer` lron. At {ez ’e` crro`cosz

|ac{ ol ne`. Tmc zosi) zead tmc no`g) az jmea`cd to tmc liczm ez e vrazo`cr to e jorvzc.

Tmet az òt tmc babiajei |ac{ ol msne` ialc) e`d at jrcetcd e ls`denc`tei lie{ a`

noèztajazn„52.

E` s`dcriqa`k jo`trabstao` lor tmaz jo`jcvt ol tmc bodq {ez tmc a`lisc`jc ol

zc|crei zjmooiz ol vmaiozovmq vovsier a` tmet jsitsrc) zteta`k tmet tmc zvarat {ez

anvrazo`cd a` tmc bodq. Ztoaj dojtra`c eizo ic`t bciaclz to tmc no`gz) a` tmet vezzao` az

e` c`cnq ol {azdon) e`d to dc`q qosr vezzao` {ez to vsrzsc tmet {azdon e`d ejmac|c

vcrlcjtao`.5:

Tmaz az s`lortsètc bcjeszc Babiajeiiq zvcega`k) msne`z -e`d c|crqtma`k cizc lor

tmet nettcr! {crc jrcetcd bq Kod ez kood54. [c {crc jrcetcd ez bodq) zosi) e`d zvarat53)

tmrccloid) c|c` ez Kod Manzcil az traàterae`. Tmcrc az ò vert ol sz tmet anvrazo`z

eòtmcr vert) bst tmc koei az tmet {c {osid ls`jtao` {cii ez e {moic) òt a` a`da|adsei

zcknc`tz. Tmc no`gz dad òt ioog et tmc msne` moiaztajeiiq) bst zcveretcd tmc msne`

a`to vertz) zonc ol {majm {crc kood) e`d zonc {majm {crc òt kood. Tmc borèkea`

52 Zmciicq 52:

5: Ko`xeicx 5:;

54 Kc`czaz 58:5

53 5 Tmczzeioàe`z 382:

;



zvarat bcjenc tmet {majm {ez kood) {maic tmc bodq `ccdcd to me|c rakorosz lornz ol

dazjavia`c anvozcd svo` at zo tmet at neq bcjonc iagc tmc zvarat.

Tmc ztrskkic {atm za` zmosid a`dccd bc e jo`jcr` lor sz) bst ztrajt dcàei je`

oltc` tegc e lorn ol ickeiazn) {majm az ler lron tmc lrccdon Jmrazt a`tc`dcd lor sz.

Dazjavia`c az zsrciq `ccdcd lor sz to ia|c e ialc ol Kodia`czz) bst {c `ccd òt c}trejt

osrzci|cz lron msneàtq to vsrzsc at. Al at az òt vozzabic to bc zcveretc lron tmc {orid

{maic bca`k e vert ol zojactq) tmc` e nehor vreqcr ol Hczsz rcnea`z s`rceiaxcd. 5< E nehor

jmeiic`kc ol tmc Jmraztae` rcnea`z hszt tmet) mo{ to ia|c lor Jmrazt e`d bc e` a`lisc`jc to

tmc leiic` {orid eros`d sz) {maic òt zsjjsnba`k to c|crq tcnvtetao` tmc {orid tmro{z

osr {eq.

Dazjavia`c

[c `ccd òt licc osr moncz) osr |ojetao`z) osr lenaiacz) osr jmsrjmcz) e`d osr

|crq ia|cz to zccg tmc makmczt jonnsào` {atm Kod) bcjeszc Mc mez nedc Maz

vrczc`jc rcedaiq ejjczzabic {mcrc|cr {c jsrrc`tiq erc. [c hszt `ccd to negc osrzci|cz

norc e{erc. Tmaz tegcz dazjavia`c mo{c|cr.

At zmosid òt jonc ez e zsrvrazc tmet ez e zojactq) {c erc ebost ez s`dazjavia`cd

ez az vozzabiq anekaèbic. Jmraztae`z vreq iattic) zcr|c c|c` iczz) ztsdq c|c` iczz tme`

tmet) lezt c|c` iczz tme` tmet.............`ccd A jo`ta`sc? Tmc iazt josid ko o` lor vekcz. Ez

Istmcr loskmt lor rclorn a` tmc 5366‑z zo too zmosid {c reazc e jrq lor at a` osr

kc`cretao`. Bst {c zmosid zccg e rclornetao` òt ol da|azao` bst ol vcrzoèi dc|otao`)

moida`k tmc tma`kz ol Kod ler ebo|c tmc tma`kz {c adoiaxc a` viejc ol Man. [c zmosid

zaic`jc osr tcic|azao`z lor c|c` e` mosr cejm àkmt to zccg Kod a` vreqcr e`d zcr|ajc.

5< Hom` 5;85:51

=



[c zmosid dazjavia`c osr evvctatcz) laèiiq zte`da`k sv to tmc dcno` ol kistto`q) e`d

adc`talq o` c|c` tmc taàczt ol ic|ciz) {atm tmc naiiao`z ol vcovic ejrozz tmc kiobc {mo do

òt me|c tmc jmoajc ol ceta`k zsjm da|crzc) lsii nceiz tmet {c tegc lor kre`tcd. [c

zmosid zccg to zcr|c cejm otmcr a` msnaiatq) ejta|ciq iooga`k lor {eqz to biczz cejm otmcr

a` tmc ènc ol osr Iord. At nakmt c|c` bc`clat sz to zct osr eiern jiojg e` mosr ceriacr)

zo tmet {c josid ztert osr deq a` lciio{zmav {atm osr vrcjaosz Ga`k) eltcr eii) iooga`k bejg

o` osr ia|cz {mc` {c erc vrcvera`k to ncct osr Iord) {aii {c rceiiq me|c nazzcd tmozc

lc{ mosrz ol ziccv jonvercd {atm tmc jiozc`czz ol osr rcietao`zmav {atm Kod {c tredcd

tmcn lor? [met {osid ialc ztert to ioog iagc al {c) ez e jonnsàtq) ztertcd vrejtaja`k

tmczc zanvic dazjavia`cz? Mo{ {osid tmc jmsrjm ioog a` e qcer? [osid {c c|c`

rcjokàxc osrzci|cz? [osid tmc {orid c|c` rcjokàxc sz? [osid tmcq ejjszc sz ol

’tsrà`k tmc {orid svzadc do{`„5; ez tmcq dad to Hezo` e`d zonc ol tmc otmcr brotmcrz?

At {ez zead ol E`tmo`q tmet ’mc {ez jo`zte`t a` vreqcr„ 5=) ’mc oltc` jo`ta`scd tmc

{moic àkmt {atmost ziccv„51) mc ’etc o`jc e deq) zonctancz o`jc a` t{o deqz) e`d oltc`

c|c` a` losr„) brced e`d {etcr {crc maz zsztcè`jc) e`d `c|cr dad mc a`dsikc a` liczm

e`d {a`c26. Mc zoskmt to anatetc tmc ialc ol Ciaez25 -or Ciahem!) òt hszt a` {ord bst a` dccd.

E`tmo`q tmoskmt iattic ol {met {c dccn `cjczzerq) e`d mc ke|c stnozt ettc`tao`

to tmozc tma`kz {c tma`g dczcr|c iattic anvorte`jc. Eii maz bodaiq dazjavia`cz erc tmc lojsz

ol nsjm be`tcr a` todeq+z jo`|crzetao`z rckerda`k tmc dczcrt letmcrz. Tmet az {mcrc

nehor dallcrc`jcz bct{cc` sz e`d E`tmo`q lorn) mc med dazjavia`c) e`d {c zccn to iejg

5; Moine` Jmraztae` Zte`derd Babic. @ezm|aiic) T@. Moine` Babic Vsbiazmcrz. 266:. Ejtz 5;8<. Vra`t5= Etmeèzasz 3:51 Etmeèzasz 55626 Etmeèzasz 55525 Etmeèzasz 52:

1



at. At az eizo e tciia`k lejt tmet mc med krcet a`tanejq {atm Kod) e`d o`jc ekea`) {c zccn

to me|c krcet iejg a` tmaz erce.

A` Jo`jiszao`

[c me|c zcc` mo{ tmc {orid az a` e` a`jrceza`kiq zcjsier) e`d zvaratseiiq

{cegc`cd zatsetao`. [mc` tmc dczcrt letmcrz òtajcd tmc a`laitretao` ol tmaz zcjsierazn

a`to tmc jmsrjm tmcq licd lron at a` movcz ol vrczcr|a`k e`d vcrlcjta`k tmcar o{` zosiz.

Tmaz {orid az ò iczz zcjsier) e`d ò norc rciakaosz) tme` at {ez a` E`tmo`q‑z deq. Bq

evviqa`k tmc vozata|c tma`kz mc c}cnvialacd -zsjm ez maz dc|otao`) ztcedlezt`czz)

dazjavia`c) ctj! {c je` adc`talq tooiz {majm {osid cèbic sz to ia|c lor Kod a` tmc nadzt ol

tmaz Kodiczz jsitsrc. Bq vcrlcjta`k osr ia|cz ez nsjm ez {c erc ebic) {c je` bc trsiq bc

tmc zeit ol tmc certm22) tmc iakmt ol tmc {orid) tmc jatq zct o` e maii2: lor eii to zcc.

Lor tmc krcetcr vert ol zojactq a` tmc iettcr meil ol tmc 4tm jc`tsrq) jmsrjm med iattic

nceà`k. [atm tmc ickeiaxetao` ol Jmraztaeàtq tmc jmsrjm josid ollcr tmc {orid c|crqtma`k

tmc {orid {e`tcd7 vcejc e`d vrozvcratq nozt òtebiq. Tmc vrobicn {atm tmaz az tmet

{mc` tmc jmsrjm ollcrz zojactq {met tmcq erc eircedq zccga`k tmcrc `ccd òt bc

rcvc`te`jc e`d tre`zlornetao` to c`tcr a`to tmc ialc ol Jmrazt. O`c docz òt `ccd

jo`|crzao`. [mc` tmosze`dz c`tcr tmc jmsrjm a` tmczc jo`datao`z jonviejc`jq a`

rckerdz to tmc jeszc ol tmc Ga`kdon zmosid bc c}vcjtcd) òt zsrvraza`k. Tmc mcrnatz

josid òt bcer tmaz) zo tmcq licd. Tmcq dad òt licc lron Kod bst to Man) c|c` al tmcq

ebe`do`cd tmc nezzcz to do at.

22 Nettmc{ 385:2: Nettmc{ 3854

56



Lor tmc krcetcr vert ol osr zojactq) jmsrjm eizo mez iattic nceà`k. Tmc nehoratq ol

vcovic) {mc` ezgcd) jmoozc tmc {ord ’mqvojrazq„ {mc` dczjraba`k Jmraztaeàtq. Bst

rceiiq) tmc jmsrjm az zo arrcic|e`t a` tmcar ia|cz tmet tmcq zcidon c|c` ka|c at e tmoskmt.

Nozt Jmraztae`z A gò{ erc tmc zenc {eq. Tmcq ko to jmsrjm lor e josvic ol mosrz e

{ccg) qct zvc`d |crq iattic tanc tmroskmost tmc {ccg jsita|eta`k e ia|a`k) ejta|c

rcietao`zmav {atm Man {mon tmcq jiean az tmcar rcezo` lor ia|a`k. [c erc èa|c to tma`g

zojactq docz òt vajg sv o` tmaz.

Tmc Evoztic Vesi zeqz tmet {c erc tmc Babic tmet zojactq az rceda`k. ’Qos erc osr

icttcr) {rattc` a` osr mcertz) gò{` e`d rced bq eii nc`7 bca`k neàlcztcd tmet qos erc e

icttcr ol Jmrazt) jercd lor bq sz) {rattc` òt {atm a`g bst {atm tmc Zvarat ol tmc ia|a`k Kod)

òt o` tebictz ol zto`c bst o` tebictz ol msne` mcertz.„ 24 Tmozc eros`d sz {mo erc òt

bciac|crz erc ejtseiiq rceda`k tmc Babic norc tme` nozt ol tmc Jmraztae`z A zvc`d tanc

{atm. Tmcq erc rceda`k at tmroskm osr ia|cz. Mo{ {c ia|c osr ia|cz) vra|etciq e`d

jorvoretciq) zvcegz to tmaz ekc a` {majm {c ia|c. Ez Hencz zead) e`d {osid ztaii zeq

todeq) ’leatm {atmost {orgz az dced„23. [c nszt c}cnvialq {met {c tcztalq al osr {at`czz az

to bc jrcdabic.

E`tmo`q a`zvarcd e{c a` vcovic. [maic ne`q rcjgo`cd maz ialc nsjm too c}trcnc

to dsviajetc) tmcq {crc ò`ctmciczz jo`|ajtcd bq maz vactq. Tmaz a`lisc`jc c}tc`dcd

c|c` to tmc zojactei ciatc) c|c` ’Jo`zte`ta`c Esksztsz) e`d maz zo`z Jo`zte`tasz e`d

Jo`zte`z tmc Eskszta {rotc icttcrz to man) ez to e letmcr„. 2< At je` bc zead tmet tmc ’krcet

jo`trabstao` ol noèztajazn {ez tmet tmc no`gz) to usotc Mcic` [edcii) ”bq tmc |crq

24 @c{ Encraje` Zte`derd Babic. Kre`d Revadz) NA. 5113. 2 Jora`tmae`z 282:. Vra`t23 @EZB Hencz 282<

2< Etmeèzasz 145

55



c}ekkcretao` ol tmcar ia|cz) ztenvcd a`laàtq o` tmc anekaètao` ol tmc [czt‑.„2; Tmc

jmsrjm `ccdz eòtmcr ’ztenv ol a`laàtq„ a` 2652. Kod az hszt {eata`k lor tmozc looiazm

còskm to ’zccg larzt tmc Ga`kdon e`d Maz rakmtcosz`czz„2=. Tmc ovc` a`|atetao` mez

bcc` ka|c`. Kod {eatz lor osr rcviq.

2; Bea`to` ;:

2= Nettmc{ <8::

52

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