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Ancient Egypt
Dynasties&
Pharaohs
The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500 years. If you include the time during which the Egyptians were under the control of the Persians, Greeks, and Romans but were still basically following their own culture, then it is over 3000 years. During that time, there were at least 20 different dynasties with many different rulers. Historians divide the long history into different periods.
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
Old Kingdom
Lower Egypt crown Upper Egypt crown
Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once separate kingdoms
and the kings or pharaohs wore two different crowns.
King Menes / Pharoah Narma
• United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE kingdom
• Established the first capital of Egypt in Memphis.
Sobek - the Crocodile God
Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named Memphis or sometimes called
Crocodilopolis
Video BreakAncient Egypt 8 min 45 sec
Pharaoh Djoser
• Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba, but became the Step Pyramid.
Pharaoh Djoser
Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer
Mastabas
Step Pyramid of Djoser
Step Pyramid of Djoser
Pharaoh SneferuDeveloped the building of
Egyptian pyramids through practice.
• Built the pyramid at Meidum
• Built the Bent Pyramid• Built the Red Pyramid
where he was buried.
Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum
Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid
Sneferu’s Red Pyramid
Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops
• Son of Pharaoh Sneferu• Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of
Giza.• Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt
Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid
Look at the size of the pyramid blocks...
Khufu’s “Solar” Boat
Video BreakPharaoh Khufus Boat 8 min 33 sec
Pharaoh Khafre / Chephren
• Son of Khufu• Built 2nd largest pyramid on Giza Plateau• Built many statues including the Sphinx
Khafre’s Pyramid
Khafre’s Pyramid
Khafre’s Sphinx
Khafre’s Sphinx
Khafre’s Sphinx
Pharaoh Menkaure
• Son of Khafre• Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza
Menkaure’s Pyramid
Menkaure’s Pyramid
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut
• Wife of Thutmose II• When he died, Thutmose III, her nephew, was too
young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne.• Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to
a Pharaoh.
Queen Hatshepsut Mummy
Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple
Video BreakHatshepsut_The Queen who became King
5 min 44 sec
Queen Nefertiti
• Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten• Considered the “idea” beauty in
Egyptian society.
Queen Nefertiti
Tutankhamen / King Tut
• Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at such a young age.
• His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists in 1922.
• Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb.
• “The Curse of King Tut”
The Valley of the Kings
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
King Tut’s Mummy
King Tut’s Mummy
King Tut recreated
Video BreakTutankhamen-Mystery of the Boy King
7 min 12 sec
Pharaoh Ramses II• strong military leader.• participated in the first written treaty
with the Hittites.• had many wives and more than 100
children.• ruled over Egypt for 67 years…
Pharaoh for longest period.
Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb
Pharaoh Ramses II
Pharaoh Ramses II mummy
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
Cleopatra
• Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before Egypt was taken over by foreign invaders.
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
