Anatomy Chapter 1

AnatomyChapter 11anatomy- means to cut apart

study of structure and shape of the body and body parts

22 types:gross anatomy- study of large, easily observable structures

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microscopic anatomy- structures are only visible if viewed with an instrument4GrossMicroscopic

5physiology- study of how the body and its parts function or work

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9Levels of organizationput in order from smallest to largest:

organismsorganellesatomsbiospheretissuescommunitiesorgan systemsmoleculesbiomescellsmacromoleculesorganspopulations10atoms molecules macromolecules organelles cells tissues organs organ systems organism populations communities biomes biosphere11Characteristics of Liferespirationmovementgain energy (food)excrete wastegrow and developrespond to stimulireproduceAll living things go thru metabolism.12Environmental factors required for lifetitle in each diagram with requirementdefn (if any)why is it necessary/how helps body to functionimp info13Homeostasisrefers to the bodys ability to remain stable internally even thru external changes

dynamic state of equilibrium14

15ALL body systems play a role in homeostasisnervous and endocrine systems play a major role of maintenance16Homeostatic Control Mechanismsvariable factor or event being regulated3 components:receptor (sensor)- sensor that responds to changes in the env (stimuli)control center (set point)- determines level at which variable is maintained; determines appropriate responseafferent pathway- info sent from receptor to control centerefferent pathway- info sent from control center to receptor

173. effector- provides means for control centers response to stimulus

feedback to stimulus

if feedback is negative, stimulus is depressedif feedback is positive, stimulus is enhanced

most feedback is negative

18Body Cavities Information SheetDraw, color, label Fig 1.8b on p. 9.Name the 2 body portions that the body is divided into.Discuss what separates the 2 major cavities of the trunk.What are viscera?Discuss what the mediastinum is.List the organs in the abdominal cavity.What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?Addl questions8. Draw, color, label the cavities of the head on p. 10, fig 1.9.9. List the contents of each cavity.10. Do question #1 in Part B on p. 20. Body Cavities Membranes2 types:parietal- membranes that are attached to the wall of the cavityvisceral- membranes that are deeper, usually attached to an organ

between the 2 membranes serous fluid- thin, watery fluid that aids in protection and lubrication21Special membranespleura- membranes associated with lungs parietal and visceral pleura

pleurisy- buildup of fluids in the pleurafever, coughs, pain, difficulty in breathing

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23peritoneal- membranes associated with abdominopelvic region

24pericardial- membranes associated with the heart

peri-around cardi- heartparietal and visceral pericardium

pericarditis- inflammation of lining

25Addl body cavities questions:Draw, color, and label the cavities of the head.List the contents of each cavity.Do question 1 in part B on pg. 20.

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Anatomical position and Directional Termsanatomical position- body erect, feet together, arms at side with palms facing forward

Directional terms:superior- toward the headex: The knee is superior to the _____.inferior- toward the lower part of the body (away from the head)The mouth is inferior to the _______.

3. Anterior- toward the frontaka- ventralThe ____ is anterior to the intestines.4. posterior- toward the backside of the bodyaka- dorsalThe ____ is posterior to the navel.5. medial- toward the midline of the bodyThe _____ is medial to the arm.6. lateral- away from the midline of the bodyThe ear is lateral to the ____.7. intermediate- between a more medial and more lateral structureThe ___ is intermediate between the nose and ear.8. proximal- close to the origin of the body part or to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunkThe ____ is proximal to the radius.9. distal farther from point of attachment of a limb to body trunkThe ____ are distal to the humerus.10. superficial- toward or at the body surfaceThe ___ are superficial to the heart.11. deep- away from body surface (more internal)The ___ of the arm are deep to the skin.Body Systems Overviewin each block, write down the name of the body systembrief description of what each system does for body (to sustain life) list the major organs associated with each system

structure of human body discussed with respect to PLANESimaginary flat surfaces3 planes:sagittal (median) plane- vertical plane that passes thru midline of body into equal right and left halvesfrontal (coronal) plane- at right angle to sagittal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior halvestransverse- (parallel to ground) horizontal plane; divides body into superior and inferior partsAbdominal Regionswhen patient complains of pain in abdomen knowing the specific regions makes it easier to locate causes of pain, find tumors, etc., and make diagnosesabdomen subdivided in 2 common ways:4 quadrants9 regionsdraw and label a LARGE picture of a on p. 16 in notebook