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An Engineering Perspective
Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles
ProWalk ProBike Seattle 2008
Presented by:Tom Bertulis, PESenior Technical AdvisorInstitute for Transportation
and Development Policy (ITDP)
Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles
an Engineering Perspective
31 May 2005
Formerly: Tom Bertulis, PEEngineering
ManagerCycling Scotland
Currently: Tom Bertulis, PESenior Technical AdvisorITDP MexicoInstitute for Transportation and
Development Policy
Urban Transport Benchmarking Project (UTBI)
Presentation Outline
Hierarchy of Solutions
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Does increasing cycling …
• reduce CO2 emissions?
• reduce congestion?
So how does that pertain to the Hierarchy of Solutions?
So how does that pertain to the Hierarchy of Solutions?
We just need to be clear of our goals …
- Graham McGarva
- Benton County (safety, comfort)
- Large urban area
Try the Hierarchy of Solutions!
The vicious circle of providing infrastructure for motorized transport
MoreCars
More roads
More cars
More roads
Congestion
Congestion
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Traffic Reduction
20
Traffic Reduction
Traffic Reduction
Traffic Reduction
1 of every 3 persons go to work by bicycle
1990s: converted one way streets back into
two way streets.
1960s; converted two way streets to one
way streets.
Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Pedestrian space in Copenhagen increased by 7 times since 1960.
Build a cycle network?
Livingston, Scotland
Livingston
Houten, Netherlands
Cycle traffic calming at road crossingHouten, Netherlands
Groningen, Netherlands
39
57% of trips to school or work
Amsterdam, Netherlands
DHL goods distributions by boat near Cycle parkingAmsterdam, Netherlands
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
“People and Bikes before Cars” SigningFindhorn, Scotland
Cycle Route Traffic calmingRotterdam, Netherlands
Delft, Netherlands
Berlin: 72% calmed streets
Warrington, England
S-Hump traffic calmingWarrington, England
S-Hump traffic calmingWarrington, England
Geneva, Switzerland
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Malmö, Sweden
Note the two waybike facility, poor design!
Roundabout
Raised table
England
Odense, Denmark
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
England
Scotland
Centreline removal with added cycle lanes (24’ lane)East Renfrewshire, Scotland
Centreline removal (24’ lane)
Peebles, Scotland
2003 Centerline Removal Study
• Wiltshire County Council • Before and After study of 12 roads• 33% reduction in motor vehicle accidents
11 feet
Bi-directional5 foot
Bike lane5 foot
Bike lane
11 feet
Bi-directional
5 foot Bike lane
5 foot Bike lane
2005 5600ADT2005 150 Bikes/day2006 4500 ADT2006 183 Bikes/day1 crash in 4 years
Centreline removal with added cycle lanes
Geneva, Switzerland
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Velocity
Mot
or v
ehic
les
per
day
Are cyclists safer on
off-road bike paths?
The short answer:
No.
(the long answer: it depends)
in the Hierarchy of Solutions …
… providing bike paths are your last choice
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Why are they not safer?
Side Road Crossing – danger!
Michael Ronkin
Segregated facilties
Scotland
Mexico
3m curb radius
Car culture/bike culture in Mexico
vs
Car culture/bike culture in the US
And my final point …
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
Any questions?
