Cells

CELL THEORY

• All living things are made of cells.• Cells carry out the functions needed to

support life.• Cells come only from other living cells.

CONTRIBUTING SCIENTISTS

• Anton Von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope and observed tiny living things in water

• Robert Hooke: Came up with the term “cell” after observing that they were like tiny chambers.

• Francesco Redi: Proved that living things cannot be produced from non-living matter.

• Louis Pasteur: Discovered that cells only come from other living cells.

TWO TYPES OF CELLS

Prokaryotes• No nucleus• Hereditary information in

the cytoplasm• Example: Bacteria

Eukaryotes• Have a nucleus• Hereditary information is in

the nucleus• Example: Animals, plants,

etc.

ORGANELLESThe parts of a plant or animal cell.Like organs in our bodies

CELL WALL

• Only found surrounding plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.

• Made of cellulose• Is rigid strong and stiff• Provides support and

protection• Like a wall surrounding

a medieval city

CELL MEMBRANE

• Surrounds all cells• In a plant cell it is behind

the cell wall• In an animal cell it is the

outermost boundary• Provides cell with

protection, controls movement of materials in and out of the cell, and support.

• Like the border of a city.

NUCLEUS

• Found in both plant and animal cells

• Large oval shape• Controls cell activities• Contains genetic

information (DNA)• Like City Hall

CYTOPLASM

• Found in both plant and animal cells

• Clear, thick, jelly-like• Located inside the cell

membrane• Supports and protects

cell organelles• Its like sidewalks and

roads found throughout a city

GOLGI APPARATUS

• Found in both plant and animal cells

• Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes

• Processes and packages molecules that are made in the cell

• Its like the post office

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Found in both plant and animal cells

• Network of tubes• Transports materials

throughout the cell• Two types

– Smooth (no ribosomes)– Rough (covered in

ribosomes)

• Like the city’s highway system.

RIBOSOMES

• Found in both plant and animal cells

• Produces proteins• The smallest organelle• Its like a lumber yard or

Home Depot, supplying the city with what its made of.

MITOCHONDRIA

• Found in both plant animal cells

• Looks like a jelly bean• Breaks down sugar

molecules to release usable energy

• Has inner foldings like hallways.

• Its like the city’s powerplant

VACUOLES

• Found in both plant and animal cells– Plant: very few and very

large– Animal: many little ones

• Fluid filled sacs• Stores food, water, and

waste• Like a warehouse, water

tower, and garbage dump

LYSOSOMES

• Found in animal cells• Small and round• Breaks food down into

smaller parts• Digests old cell parts• Like a recycling center

CHLOROPLASTS

• Found in plant cells • Oval shaped• Green• Uses energy from the

sun to make food for the plant

• Like solar panels