Cells

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products

The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

Karyo = nucleus (from the greek word for kernel)

Prokaryotic = before the nucleus

Eukaryotic = true nucleus

Cell Organelles

What you need to know

An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out

specific activities for the cell.

You will need to know the following cell components and their function:

Cell Membrane Nucleus

Cytoplasm Mitochondria Golgi Complex Ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Wall Chloroplast

Central Vacuole Lysosome

Cell Membrane

Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane. It controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Cell Membrane – A closer look

Nucleus

The control center of the cell. It contains the DNA code for the cell coiled into chromosomes.

Only found in eukaryotes

Cytoplasm

All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm.

Mostly water, but also has many other compounds necessary for the cell.

Mitochondria

This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP.

(ATP = energy)

Involved in cellular respiration.

Only found in eukaryotes

Golgi Apparatus

The protein packaging and transport center of the cell.

Has incoming and outgoing vesicles.

Euk. only.

Ribosomes

Synthesizes proteins.

Found in the cytoplasm.

Found with Rough ER.

No membrane present.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Covered with ribosomes.

Produces proteins.

Transports materials throughout the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transports materials throughout the cell.

Synthesizes lipids. (fats and steroids)

Lysosome

Breaks down materials for digestion.

Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.

Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only)

Rigid and strong wall made of cellulose (which cannot be digested by humans)

Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

Chloroplast(Plant Cell Only)

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment

Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars. (photosynthesis)

Central Vacuole(Plant Cell Only)

Most plant cells have one large one.

Filled w/ fluid.

Helps maintain turgor pressure and shape of cell.