AIM OF THE STUDY

CRITICAL POINTS IN THE FEEDING OF CRITICAL POINTS IN THE FEEDING OF HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWSHIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWS IN IN

ASSOCIATION WITH BCS AND ASSOCIATION WITH BCS AND METABOLIC PROFILE TESTMETABOLIC PROFILE TEST

Gergácz, Z., Szűcs, E.Gergácz, Z., Szűcs, E.

University of West Hungary, Faculty of Agricultural and Food University of West Hungary, Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesSciences

Mosonmagyaróvár, HungaryMosonmagyaróvár, Hungary

AIM OF THE STUDYAIM OF THE STUDY

The The aim of the studyaim of the study was to analyse the was to analyse the relationship relationship between between the the body conditionbody condition and and the results the results of of metabolic profile testmetabolic profile test have been have been done in done in dairy dairy cows cows in in different days in milkdifferent days in milk (DIM).(DIM).

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Body Body Condition Condition ScoreScore (BCS) (BCS) is is a a useful useful

managementmanagement tool tool to to assessassess body body fatfat stores stores especially in Holstein dairy cows. The method especially in Holstein dairy cows. The method is is based based onon a a visual visual and and tactile appraisal of tactile appraisal of body body fat fat reserves reserves in in the the backback and and pelvic pelvic regions regions and and BCSBCS is usually scored on a scale is usually scored on a scale of 1 to 5. (Edmonson et al. 1989). of 1 to 5. (Edmonson et al. 1989).

The The BCS BCS has has been been proposedproposed toto measure measure changes in body reserve as a result of changes in body reserve as a result of negative negative energy balance (Berry et al., 2002). energy balance (Berry et al., 2002).

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

High yielding dairy cows express more severe High yielding dairy cows express more severe prolonged prolonged negativenegative energy energy balance, balance, which which resultsresults in in greater biological stressgreater biological stress..This stress This stress maymay impactimpact upon upon the the reproductionreproduction and and immune systems leading to fertility and health immune systems leading to fertility and health problems problems during during and and beyond beyond the the negative negative energy balance period (Berry et al., 2002). energy balance period (Berry et al., 2002).

MATERIAL AND METHODSMATERIAL AND METHODS Blood Blood samplessamples (N = 1984) (N = 1984) were were taken taken from from

clinically healthy, clinically healthy, randomly randomly selectedselected animals animals (1-(1-1414 daysdays before calving, before calving, 1-30 1-30 afterafter calving, calving, andand older than 30 days after calving). older than 30 days after calving). SamplesSamples were were taken aftertaken after the the morning morning feeding in the 3-5 hours. feeding in the 3-5 hours.

Physiological Physiological valuesvalues in in samples samples takentaken were were analysed analysed as follows:as follows: blood’s blood’s haemoglobinhaemoglobin, , the the plasma’splasma’s aceto-acetic acidaceto-acetic acid, , FFA, glucose, urea FFA, glucose, urea concentration and AST’sconcentration and AST’s activity value, activity value, and and the the urine’s pHurine’s pH, NABE, NABE and urea and urea parameters. parameters.

Brydl Brydl summarizedsummarized the the normal normal valuesvalues (reference(reference values) characterizing values) characterizing thethe metabolism metabolism of dairy cows.of dairy cows. (The (The brown dotted lines are shown in brown dotted lines are shown in the Figures also.) the Figures also.)

Simultaneously, Simultaneously, body body condition condition ofof all animals was all animals was evaluated using a evaluated using a 5 point scale5 point scale..

RESULT OF FACTOR ANALYSISRESULT OF FACTOR ANALYSIS

Faktor analyzis/ Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor FactorChanges 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.DIM 0,1365 0,1092 0,0039 0,2391 0,7944 -0,0336BCS 0,0192 -0,1488 0,7903 -0,0020 -0,1059 -0,0534Haemoglobin -0,0711 0,1605 0,8087 0,0208 0,0132 -0,0230Glucose -0,0852 0,0742 0,0937 0,0992 -0,0718 -0,8933Acetoacetic-acid -0,1044 0,0553 0,0296 0,3028 -0,3777 0,5301FFA/NEFA -0,0560 -0,0026 0,1150 0,2950 -0,8019 0,0118AST -0,1100 0,0155 0,0078 0,9107 -0,0249 0,0058Carbamid (blood) -0,0247 0,8006 -0,0457 0,0455 0,1335 0,0093pH (urine) 0,9147 0,0127 -0,0337 -0,0458 0,0679 -0,0191NABE (urine) 0,9034 0,0535 -0,0224 -0,0932 0,1226 0,0529Carbamid(urine) 0,0858 0,8172 0,0557 -0,0186 -0,0488 -0,0523Own values 2,1639 1,4648 1,3262 1,2716 0,9493 0,8832% from total variance 19,6721 13,3166 12,0568 11,5603 8,6296 8,0295Kumulate Own values 2,1639 3,6288 4,9550 6,2266 7,1759 8,0591Kumulate % fromtotal variance 19,6721 32,9887 45,0455 56,6058 65,2354 73,2649

RESULTSRESULTS (P(P≤0.001)≤0.001)

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

3,48

3,15

2,82

2,65 2,69 2,68 2,68

2,89 BCS

Average days of lactationBCS

Calving time

RESULTSRESULTS (P(P≤0.001)≤0.001)

2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

4,50

4,75

5,00

5,25

5,50

5,75

6,00

6,25

6,50

6,75

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

Haemoglobin

The average days of lactation.

Association between Haemoglobin values and BCS

Haemoglobin, mmol/l BCS

RESULTSRESULTS (P(P≤≤0.01)0.01)

2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

2,00

2,20

2,40

2,60

2,80

3,00

3,20

3,40

3,60

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

Glucose


Association between Glucose values and BCS

Glucose, mmol/l BCS


2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

0,04

0,05

0,06

0,07

0,08

0,09

0,10

0,11

0,12

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

Aceto-acetic-acid


Association between Aceto-acetic-acid values and BCS

Aceto-acetic-acid, mmol/l BCS


2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

FFA/NEFA


Association between FFA (NEFA) values and BCS

FFA (NEFA), mmol/l BCS


2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

AST


Association between AST values and BCS

AST, UI/l BCS


2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

5,5

6,0

6,5

7,0

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

Blood

urea


Association between Blood urea concentration and BCS

Blood urea, mmol/l BCS


2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,25

3,50

3,75

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218

BCS

NABE


Association between NABE values in the urine and BCS

NABE, mmol/l BCS

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION According to our results could validated may estimate According to our results could validated may estimate

the the critical critical periodsperiods of of lactation lactation byby the BCS the BCS and and metabolic metabolic profile profile tests tests in in high high yielding dairy cows. yielding dairy cows.

The The largest largest risks risks of of diseases diseases and economic damage and economic damage were in first were in first 5050 DIM after calving. The normal rumen DIM after calving. The normal rumen functions functions andand thethe harmonious harmonious nutrimentnutriment supply supply accordingaccording to to thethe needs needs ofof the the animals animals should be should be reinstated by optimizing the TMR formulas. reinstated by optimizing the TMR formulas.

The The resultsresults of of thethe study study confirm confirm that that the body the body condition condition scoring scoring isis a a reliablereliable and and cheap tool for cheap tool for revealing revealing the the risk risk of of metabolicmetabolic disorders caused by disorders caused by malnutrition.malnutrition.

AIM OF OUR WORKAIM OF OUR WORK

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AIM OF THE STUDY