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Aid to least developed countries
Elena Bernaldo de Quirós
Statistics and Monitoring Division, OECD DAC
ECOSOC, Geneva, 19 July 2007
Aid to LDCs has risen since 2000
Seven countries receive about half of the aid to LDCs in 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Co
ns
tan
t 20
05
US
D b
illio
ns
Other LDCs
Mozambique
Bangladesh
Tanzania
Congo, Dem. Rep.Sudan
Ethiopia
Afghanistan
LDCs received almost a quarter of all aid in 2005
24%
17%
37%
3%
19%Least Developed Countries
Other Low Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Unspecified Income Group
2005
Per capita aid to LDCs is far higher than to other income groups
The United States has been the most generous bilateral donor since 2002
IDA and the EC have been the key multilateral donors
But smaller donors do more effort towards LDCs
2003 2004 20053-year
average
1 Portugal 175 847 157 393 94%2 Ireland 262 280 288 277 78%3 Belgium 1104 469 351 641 65%4 Denmark 517 507 553 526 58%5 Norway 727 700 713 713 55%6 Sweden 675 584 639 632 53%7 Netherlands 1105 1073 1076 1085 52%8 Luxembourg 66 74 82 74 50%
LDCs as % of total country allocable ODA
Constant 2005 USD millions 2003-2005
Only seven DAC countries met the 0.15% of GNI target for aid to LDCs in 2005
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Per
cen
t of d
on
or'
s G
NI
20002005
Aid goes mainly to social sectors (education, health, water supply).
2004-05 average
Sectoral emphasis varies widely
2004-05 average
In the social sector aid is largely for basic services in …
Education Health
Water
2004-05 average
Basic social services
2004-05 average
The quality of aid
• In 2005, all DAC members met the 1978 DAC Terms Recommendation, by giving at least 86% of their aid to LDCs (or 90% of their aid to each LDC over the preceding three years) as grants.
• In 2001, the DAC agreed a Recommendation on Untying Aid to the Least Developed Countries, which is being carefully monitored. In 2005, indicators of effort show progress compared to the baseline 1999-2001. ODA volume has not been affected by the recommendation.
• Paris Declaration represents the first time donors and partner countries are committed to targets for monitoring aid effectiveness. The 2006 baseline survey on Monitoring the Paris declaration (19 LDCs participated) shows that progress is to be done on the three basic conditions required to make aid effective: aid has to be predictable, accountable and cost-effective. More info on this survey: www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/monitoring
… but focus on scaling up should not diminish
Warning signs for aid to LDCs
• Several major aid donors still well short of meeting aid targets, and likely to miss them for 2006.
• G8 and Millennium Summit pledges to double aid to Africa – where most LDCs are located – by 2010 are still a challenge.
• Governance and security concerns impeding aid to many LDCs.
Positive signs for aid to LDCs
• Non-DAC Donors
Three major initiatives, all health related: IFFIm, AMC and air tickets levies
Relatively modest, but significant addition to health-related ODA flows
Although non-DAC donors have increased their ODA contributions, DAC countries still account for 99% of ODA to LDCs.
• Innovative Finance
• Global fund targeting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
End remarks
• More efforts need to be made if DAC countries want to meet 0.15 % of GNI target.
• These efforts need to target real problems of developing countries (hunger, disease and lack of freedom and opportunity)
• Results on the improvement of life conditions in these countries will be the real test of the effectiveness of aid.
Thank you for your attention.
For more information on aid flows, visit the DAC website at
www.oecd.org/dac/stats