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−100
−50
0
50
100
%
0
0
0
10
10
20
20
20
20
30
30
40
50
50
50
60
60
−20
−20
−10
0
0
−90 −75 −60 −45 −30 −15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
1000
700
500
250
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
af834 − ERA Q bias
Latitude (degrees)
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Min = −32.8 Mean = 8.38 Max = 79.3
● ● ● ●
●
●
● ●●
●●
●
010
020
030
0Alert (82.4N, 62.5W, 210m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ● ●●
● ●● ● ● ●
af834
r = 0.932 MBE = −25.5%
●● ●
●
●
●
● ●●
●●
●
010
020
030
0
Barrow (71.3N, 156.6W, 11m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ●●
● ● ●●
● ● ● ●
r = 0.806 MBE = −19.1%
● ● ● ●●
●● ● ●
●●
●
010
020
030
0
Mace Head (53.3N, 9.9W, 25m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
● ● ● ●
r = 0.813 MBE = −8.51%
● ● ● ●●
● ● ● ● ●●
●
010
020
030
0
Park Falls (45.9N, 90.2W, 472m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ●● ●
●
●
● ●
●
●
● ●
r = −0.768 MBE = 51.8%
●● ● ●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ●
010
020
030
0
Niwot Ridge (40.0N, 105.6W, 3475m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
●● ● ● ●
●●
●
●●
● ●
r = −0.829 MBE = 72%
●●
● ● ●
●
● ●● ●
● ●
010
020
030
0
Tae−ahn Peninsula (36.7N, 126.1E, 20m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
●●
●
● ●
●
● ●
r = −0.127 MBE = 43.8%
●● ● ● ●
●●
● ● ● ● ●
010
020
030
0
Gozo (36.0N, 14.1E)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ● ● ●● ●
● ● ●●
r = 0.267 MBE = −14.4%
●● ● ●
●
●● ● ●
●● ●
010
020
030
0
Key Biscayne (25.7N, 80.2W, 3m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ● ● ●●
●
● ● ● ●
r = 0.795 MBE = 23%
● ●● ●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
010
020
030
0
Mauna Loa (19.5N, 155.6W, 3397m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ●●
● ● ● ●●
●●
r = 0.798 MBE = 5.28%
● ● ● ●●
●● ● ● ●
●●
050
100
150
200
Ragged Point (13.2N, 59.4W, 45m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ●●
●●
●●
●●
● ● ●
r = 0.526 MBE = 8.66%
●●
● ●●
● ● ● ● ●● ●
050
100
150
200
Christmas Island (1.7N, 157.2W, 3m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
● ● ●
r = −0.45 MBE = 28.3%
● ● ● ●● ● ●
●● ●
●●
050
100
150
200
Ascension Island (7.9S, 14.4W, 54m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ●● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
r = 0.501 MBE = 37.2%
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
050
100
150
Samoa (14.2S, 170.5W, 42m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
r = 0.837 MBE = 41.9%
● ● ● ● ●●
●●
● ●●
●
050
100
150
Easter Island (27.1S, 109.4W, 50m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ● ●●
● ● ● ● ●●
●
r = 0.85 MBE = 37.8%
● ● ● ●● ●
● ●● ●
●●
050
100
150
Cape Grim (40.7S, 144.7E, 94m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
●● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●
r = 0.776 MBE = 83.9%
●● ● ●
●●
●●
● ●●
●
020
4060
80
Crozet Island (46.5S, 51.8E, 120m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ●●
●●
● ● ● ●●
●
r = 0.906 MBE = 59.2%
● ● ● ●●
●●
●● ●
●
●
020
4060
80
Syowa Station (69.0S, 39.6E, 11m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ●●
●●
●● ● ●
●
●
r = 0.963 MBE = 66%
● ● ●●
●●
●●
● ●
●
●
020
4060
80
South Pole (90.0S, 24.8W, 2810m)
CO
(pp
b)
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
● ● ●●
●●
●● ● ●
●
●
r = 0.981 MBE = 68.4%
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
ppm
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45 0.45
0.1
0.15
0.15
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.3
0.4 0.4
0.45
0.5
−75 −60 −45 −30 −15 0 15 30 45 60 75
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
MLS − UKCA af834 ClO comparison
Latitude (degrees)
Alti
tude
(km
)
Min = 3.86e−08 Max = 0.482
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
356290172243206170225133203139222af834
Emmons CO comparison
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285
CO (ppb)A
ltitu
de /k
m
3842892002131961532119915284200
●●●●●●●
●●●●
●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
459295154208176124174145190254180
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
2111101011101910101660
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
2188177941513951
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 1400
24
68
10
PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
520240731331639814061
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
82340997208279522130151
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
2223812514571481302018840145
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
691252425576130482714812
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
422342951514121412852
●●●●●●●●
●●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
3077898144138464732147
●●●●●●●●●
● ● ● ● ●●
●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●
●
20 40 60 80 100 140
02
46
810
TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10
CO (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
732318114212023971417468
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
2781788911019098128138145144155af834
Emmons HNO3 comparison
● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285
HNO3 (ppt)A
ltitu
de /k
m
27816611486182761131049577131
● ●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
390235116152164131153114222212208
●●●●●●●●●
●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
10744362322420
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●
0 50 100 150 2000
24
68
10
PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
1857623624339276
●●●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 50 100 150 200
02
46
810
PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
3311593379711312919
●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
321182010316116911
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
121341531328
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
11310124122123
● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
109201182165215
●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●
●●
●●●●●
●●
●●
●●
●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10
HNO3 (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
204829435161240
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
333237123168171136154158190183230af834
Emmons NOx comparison
●●●●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285
NOx (ppt)A
ltitu
de /k
m
353227137147161124135119137105197
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
402241131174162137183167285193208
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 100 200 300 400 500
02
46
810
INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
22101892481661123102
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 20 40 60 80 1000
24
68
10
PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
26213711782831343152
●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 20 40 60 80 100
02
46
810
PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
37123043327468485390226
●●●●●●●
●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 200 400 600 800 1000
02
46
810
PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
22819143121882815229185581
●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
43801717313617217204
●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
2411182968887422
●●●●●●●●●
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 500 1500 2500
02
46
810
TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
1833393514491418650
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
0 100 200 300 400 500
02
46
810
TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10
NOx (ppt)
Alti
tude
/km
351311631310104754229
−50 0 50
UKCA af834
Latitude
Pre
ssur
e (h
Pa)
[OH] Air mass weighted (106 molecules cm−3) Red: Spivakovsky valuesValues in ( ): Std devMean OH= 8.31e+05 molec/cm3
ACCMIP Multi−model Mean= 1.17 (+/− 0.1) e+06 molec/cm3 NH:SH ratio= 1.52 Patra et al 2014: 0.97 +/− 0.12
1000
750
500
250
0.29 1.3 1.7 0.67
0.33 1.3 1.5 0.62
0.26 0.86 1 0.43
0.47 1.44 1.52 0.76
0.72 2 1.99 0.88
0.64 1.43 1.36 0.64
(0.28) (0.16) (0.15) (0.5)
(0.26) (0.24) (0.19) (0.33)
(0.19) (0.15) (0.16) (0.24)
010
030
050
0
r = 0.933 mbe =−41.9 ppbv
South Pole
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
r = 0.718 mbe =−18.3 ppbv
Southern Midlat
r = 0.106 mbe =3.01 ppbv
Tropics2
r = 0.361 mbe =−8.49 ppbv
Tropics3
r = 0.544 mbe =0.149 ppbv
East US
af834 Tilmes ozone sonde comparison
r = 0.715 mbe =−10.5 ppbv
Japan
r = 0.796 mbe =7.81 ppbv
West EU
r = 0.883 mbe =−42 ppbv
Canada
r = 0.983 mbe =−35.7 ppbv
North Pole East
r = 0.964 mbe =−96.1 ppbv
250 hPa
North Pole West0
2040
6080
100
r = 0.947 mbe =−9.03 ppbv
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
r = 0.841 mbe =−9.91 ppbv
r = 0.416 mbe =2.18 ppbv
r = 0.728 mbe =−12.1 ppbv
r = 0.908 mbe =−3.17 ppbv
r = 0.735 mbe =−6.38 ppbv
r = 0.971 mbe =−6.31 ppbv
r = 0.792 mbe =−4.09 ppbv
r = 0.923 mbe =−10.3 ppbv
r = 0.837 mbe =−6.59 ppbv
500 hPa
020
4060
8010
0
r = 0.991 mbe =−4.19 ppbv
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
r = 0.962 mbe =−0.488 ppbv
r = 0.79 mbe =16.4 ppbv
r = 0.955 mbe =13 ppbv
r = 0.884 mbe =1.22 ppbv
r = 0.656 mbe =−2.01 ppbv
r = 0.876 mbe =6.49 ppbv
r = 0.203 mbe =10.5 ppbv
r = 0.642 mbe =−0.926 ppbv
r = 0.354 mbe =4.81 ppbv
700 hPa
020
4060
80 r = 0.998 mbe =−7.23 ppbv
Jan May Sep
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
r = 0.976 mbe =−6.03 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = 0.298 mbe =11.3 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = 0.907 mbe =5.19 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = 0.959 mbe =−4.07 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = 0.769 mbe =−9.03 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = 0.914 mbe =−3.33 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = −0.171 mbe =−2.92 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = −0.00871 mbe =−12.9 ppbv
Jan May Sep
r = −0.632 mbe =−6.13 ppbv
Jan May Sep
900 hPa
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2025
30Tropical Mean Age Profile
Mean Age (years)
Alti
tude
(km
)UKCA af834 Mean Age of Air
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2025
30
Midlatitude Mean Age Profile
Mean Age (years)A
ltitu
de (
km)
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
2025
30
Trop−Midlat Mean Age Gradient Profile
Mean Age Gradient (years)
Alti
tude
(km
)
af834SF6
−50 0 50
01
23
45
6
Mean Age, 23km (~50hPa)
Latitude (degrees)
Mea
n A
ge (
year
s)
−50 0 50
510
1520
UKCA af834 Ox Net Chemical Production
Latitude (degrees)
Alti
tude
(km
)
−2e−19
−1e−19
0e+00
1e−19
2e−19
Ox Prod = 4.53e+03Tg/yrOx Loss = 3.85e+03Tg/yr
Ox Net = 679Tg/yrSTE inferred = 217Tg/yr
STE diag. = 1.16e+06Tg/yrLifetime = 20days
HO
2+N
O
MeO
2+N
O
RO
2+N
O
Oth
er
af834 Production of Tropospheric Ox
Con
trib
utio
n (%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
68 19 10 3O
1D+
H2O
Min
or
HO
2+O
3
OH
+O
3
O3+
Alk
NxO
y
O3d
ry
NO
ydep
af834 Loss of Tropospheric Ox
Con
trib
utio
n (%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
43 0 27 8 2 1 16 3
−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150
−50
050
UKCA Ox deposition af834
Longitude (degrees)
Latit
ude
(deg
rees
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Total Ox Deposition = 895 Tg/yr
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
6090S − 60S
Ozone (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
af834ACEUARSMLSMIPASTES
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
60S − 30S
Ozone (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
30S − 30N
Ozone (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
30N − 60N
Ozone (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
60N − 90N
Ozone (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
90S − 60S
HONO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
af834ACEUARS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
60S − 30S
HONO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
30S − 30N
HONO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
1020
3040
5060
30N − 60N
HONO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
010
2030
4050
60
60N − 90N
HONO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10
010
2030
4050
6090S − 60S
NO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
af834ACEUARS
0 2 4 6 8 10
010
2030
4050
60
60S − 30S
NO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10
010
2030
4050
60
30S − 30N
NO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10
010
2030
4050
60
30N − 60N
NO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 2 4 6 8 10
010
2030
4050
60
60N − 90N
NO2 (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 50 100 200 300
010
2030
4050
60
90S − 60S
H2O (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
af834ACEUARS
0 50 100 200 300
010
2030
4050
60
60S − 30S
H2O (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 50 100 200 300
010
2030
4050
60
30S − 30N
H2O (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 50 100 200 3000
1020
3040
5060
30N − 60N
H2O (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 50 100 200 300
010
2030
4050
60
60N − 90N
H2O (ppm)
Alti
tude
/km
0 100 200 300 400
010
2030
4050
6090S − 60S
N2O (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
af834ACEUARS
0 100 200 300 400
010
2030
4050
60
60S − 30S
N2O (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 100 200 300 400
010
2030
4050
60
30S − 30N
N2O (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 100 200 300 400
010
2030
4050
60
30N − 60N
N2O (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
0 100 200 300 400
010
2030
4050
60
60N − 90N
N2O (ppb)
Alti
tude
/km
−50 0 50
05
1015
20UKCA af834
Latitude (degrees)
Alti
tude
(km
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
% CH4 + OH flux (moles cm−3 s−1)
Methane lifetime valuesTrop−only vs OH= 9.07 yr
Whole Atm vs OH = 9.32 yr ACCMIP Whole Atm vs OH = 9.3 +/− 0.9 yrWhole Atm vs Total (OH+soil+strat) = 8.01 yr ACCMIP vs Total = 8.2 +/− 0.8 yr