FACTORS THAT RELATED TO THE BASIS OF INFANT IMMUNIZATION SUCCESS

AT PEKAUMAN HEALTH CENTER IN BANJARMASIN IN 2015

Dwi Rahmawati1*,

1STIKES Sari Mulia, Banjarmasin Indonesia

dwislamet21@gmail.com

Sukamto2

2Health Department of South Kalimantan

sukamto.67_bjm@yahoo.com

Listia Fitriana1

1STIKES Sari Mulia, Banjarmasin Indonesia

listia.fitriana09@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To determine the factors that related to the success of Basic Immunization in Infants

in Puskesmas Pekauman Banjarmasin 2015

Method: Cross sectional study approach. The population are all the mothers who bring their

babies 9 -12 months to get immunization in Pekauman Health Center. Purposive sampling

techniques, sample number 48 people. Bivariate analysis is using fisher exact test (α = 0.05), and

multivariate is using logistic regression test.

Results: Most respondents have good knowledge, that is 30 people (62.5%), the last educational

background is basic education and secondary as much as 40 people (83.3%), more does not work,

as many as 31 people (64.6%), has Good family support is 30 people (62.5%). There is no

relationship between knowledge, education, employment and family support with the success of

primary immunization in infants (p = 0.082> 0.05 α), (p = 0.878> 0.05 α), (p = 0.051> 0.05 α) ,

(p = 0.136> α 0.05).

Conclusion: There is no relationship between knowledge, education, employment, and family

support on the success of basic immunization in infants at Pekauman Health Center.

Keywords: Basic Immunization success, Cross sectional, Factors, Infant

1. INTRODUCTION

Immunization is a proven way to

control and eliminate life-threatening

infectious diseases and is estimated to

prevent between two and three million

deaths annually [1].

The success of immunization

conducted by the government has been

progressing from year to year. Several

factors that influence the success of

immunization are the condition of

children under five, the distance to the

immunization site, the mother's work, the

mother's general, the mother's education,

the social and economic status, the

immunization counseling from the health

officer and the cadre and the mother's

2nd Sari Mulia International Conference on Health and Sciences (SMICHS 2017)

Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6

83

knowledge about the immunization

program [2].

Based on data - data that I get from

the health service south kalimantan have

started to enter the target achievement of

immunization is quite increased

compared to previous years. From data of

banjarmasin health office that 26

puskesmas in Banjarmasin have reached

target of immunization success.

Researchers take puskesmas pekauman

banjarmasin in addition to densely

populated, immunization targets there

enough so that can explore what factors

that support immunization to increase its

success.

Based on question and answer done

to 10 mothers who have babies at

puskesmas pekauman. Results of

question and answer concluded that the

mother took the time to bring her child

immunized according to the date

determined by health personnel that 3

people (30%) said they did not know that

the completeness of the immunization.

Then 7 people (70%) said that they do

not understand what immunization

because they only want to immunize so

that their children are not sick easily. In

the end they take the time to immunize

without knowing well about the

completeness of the immunization.

From the above information can be

known to the mother who brought her

baby immunized for the prevention of

disease in her child so that the mother on

time to bring his child to immunize so

that his child protected from diseases -

diseases [3] .

This study was conducted to

determine the factors related to the

success of basic immunization in infants

at Puskesmas Pekauman Banjarmasin [4].

II. METHODS

The method used in this research is

quantitative method with cross sectional

approach. The population in this study

were all mothers who brought their

babies 9 -12 months who immunized in

Pekakes Banjarmasin working area of 48

people. The sample in this study is part of

the population. Sampling using purposive

sampling method. Technique of

collecting data by questionnaire method.

Data processing through several steps of

data examination, data classification, data

processing, and data analysis [5].

In bivariate data analysis used is

Fisher exact test with significance value α

= 0,05 and confidence value used is 95%

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84

III. RESULTS

Based on the results of the research, the

following results are obtained:

Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge.

Knowledge Frequency Persentase

Good 30 62.5%

Enough 18 37.5%

Total 48 100%

Table 1 shows that most respondents

have good category knowledge, ie 30 people

(62.5%).

Table 2 Distribution of Respondent Frequency by Education

Education Frequency Persentase

Basic and

Intermediate (primary

school, Junior

high school ,

and Senior High School)

40 83.3

%

High 8 16.7

%

Total 48 100%

Based on table 2 above can be seen that the

education of most respondents is in primary

and secondary education that is 40 people

(83.3%).

Table 3 Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Occupation Work Frequency Persentase

Work 70 70,7

Does not

work

29 29,3

Total 99 100

Table 3 shows that more respondents did

not work, ie 31 people (64.6%).

Table 4 Distribution of Respondents Frequency based

on Family Support

Family

support

Frequency Persentase

Good 30 62.5%

Less 18 37.5%

Total 48 100%

Table 4 shows that the respondents with

the support of the families with the good

category were the most, ie 30 people (62.5%).

From the results of research conducted on 48

respondents the results obtained as follows:

Table 5 Maternal Knowledge Relations with Basic

Immunization Success on Toddlers at

Puskesmas Pekauman Banjarmasin

Knowledge Basic Immunization

of Underfives

Total P-

Value

Complete Incompl

ete

N % N % N %

Good 4

5 98% 1 2%

4

6

100

%

0.082

Enough 1 50% 1

50

% 2

100

%

Total 4

6

95.8

% 2 4.2

4

8

100

%

Based on table 5 above found that well-

informed mothers and with complete basic

immunization in infants are the most, ie 45

people (98%). From Fisher exact test obtained

from p-value = 0.082> α 0.05 then H0 accepted

means there is no relationship between

knowledge with the success of basic

immunization in toddlers.

Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6

85

Table 6 Maternal Education Relationship with the Success of

Basic Immunization on Toddlers at Puskesmas

Pakauman Banjarmasin

Education Basic Immunization of

Underfives

P-

Value

Complete Complete

N % N %

Basic and

Intermediate

(primary school,

Junior high

school and

Senior High School)

38 95% 2 5%

0.878

High 8 100% 0 0%

Total 46 95.8% 2 41,7%

Based on table 6 above, it is found that

the first educated mother is the primary and

secondary education with complete basic

immunization on the toddler is the most that are

38 people (95%). Fisher exact test results

obtained p = 0.878> α 0.05 then H0 accepted

means there is no relationship between

education with the success of primary

immunization in infants.

Table 7 Employment Relations of Mothers with the Success of

Basic Immunization of Under-five at Puskesmas

Pekauman Banjarmasin

Work Basic Immunization of

Underfives

P-

Value

Complete Complete

N % N %

Work 15 88.2% 2 11.7% 0.051

Does not

work 31 100% 0 0%

Total 46 95.8% 2 4.2%

Based on table 7 above, it is known that

mothers who do not work with complete basic

immunization in Caitanya are the most

respondent that is 31 people (64,9%). Fisher

exact test results p = 0.051> α 0.05 then H0

accepted means there is no relationship between

maternal work with the success of primary

immunization in infants.

Table 8 Relation of Family Support to the Success of Basic

Immunization of Underfives at Puskesmas Pekauman

Banjarmasin

Family

support

Basic Immunization of

Underfives

P-

Value

Complete Complete

N % N %

Good 30 100% 0 0% 0.136

Less 16 89% 2 111%

Total 46 95.8% 2 4.2%

Based on table 8 above shows that

mothers who with good family support tend to

have a complete basic immunization history in

their toddler, ie 30 people (62.5%). Fisher exact

test result value p = 0.136> α 0.05 then H0

accepted means there is no relationship between

family support with the success of primary

immunization in infants.

IV. DISCUSSION

Immunization is an important public hea

lth interventions strategy to reduce

the morbidity and mortality associated with

infectious diseases. Over two

million deaths are delayed through immunizatio

n each year worldwide (WHO, 2003).

Despite this, vaccine-

preventable diseases remain the most common

cause of childhood mortality with an estimated

three million deaths each year (CGD, 200). Upt

ake of vaccination services is dependent not onl

y on provision of these services but also on othe

r factors including knowledge and attitude of m

others (Matsumura et al, 2005; Torun & Bakirci

Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6

86

, 2006), density of health workers (Anand & Ba

rnighusen, 2007), accessibility to vaccination

clinics and availability of safe needles

and syringes.

Based on the results of the study

showed that all the variables studied were not

related to the success of immunization. Due to

the success of immunization has a lot of factors

that must be in further care. Not just

knowledge, education, mother work, family

support. However, it can also be attributed to

the attitude of the mother, the support of the

health worker, the distance to the health

facility, the social culture, the long queues at

the health facility.

This is in line with the study conducted

by Abdulraheem et al (2011) on the reasons

for the incompleteness of vaccination, the

results show that the reasons for the mother

not to provide complete immunization include

Mother doubts the safety of immunization,

distant home distance, long queues at health

facilities, and lack of understanding of

contraindications to immunization [6].

The finding that female children had

a higher likelihood of receiving full

immunization is noteworthy and has been

reported in a few other studies. The

reasons for this difference are speculative

and require further investigation with

qualitative methods; however, much of the

evidence indicates that in areas with a

strong preference for sons, female children

are relatively less likely to be immunized,

whilst other studies have found a lower

likelihood of immunization for male

children [7].

Another study in India explained that

there were a significant relationship between

mother’s education and adoption of child

immunization program. The female children

had less chance to get immunization than

male children in both countries India and

Pakistan. The male household heads had .471

less likelihood to immunize their children

while the situation was opposite in India

where the males had 1.210 more chances to

immunize their children compared to the

female household heads. In Nepal, found that

the male head of family had less likelihood to

immunize their children as compared to the

female head of the family [8].

V. CONCLUSION

There is no relationship between

knowledge, education, mother work, family

support with the success of primary

immunization in infants.

Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6

87

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