„Drivers, Challenges and Global Scenario for the ...€¦ · 30.01.2019 · „Drivers, Challenges and Global Scenario for the Development of Power-to-X Technology“ Paul Lucchese

AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME

„Drivers, Challenges and Global Scenario for the Development of Power-to-X Technology“

Paul Lucchese

IEA Hydrogen TCP Chair

PtX Dialogue Forum, Berlin, 30th January 2019


Hydrogen CouncilMr Guillaume de Smedt

IEA Hydrogen Members - Executive Committee (January 2019)

21 Countries + European Commission + UN + 6 Sponsors (1 pending formalisation)

Europe

Asia - Pacific

JapanMr. Eiji Ohira

KoreaDr Y. Shul

Mr. Seok-

Jai Choi

AustraliaDr Craig Buckley

New ZealandDr J. Leaver

Oceania

European CommissionDr Beatriz Acosta-Iborra

UNIDO (UN)Dr Federico Villatico-Campbell

Middle EastIsraelDr Zvi Tamari

NOWDr Klaus Bonhoff

ShellDr C. Patil

ItalyDr Alberto Giaconia

BelgiumMr Adwin Martens

Dr Joris Proost

LithuaniaDr R. Urbonas

The NetherlandsDr Simone te Buck

FranceMr Paul Lucchese

GreeceDr Elli Varkaraki

GermanyMr J.-F. Hake

DenmarkMr Jan Jensen

FinlandDr Michael Gasik

SwitzerlandDr Stefan Oberholzer

SwedenDr Mikael Lindqvist

SpainDr M Pilar Argumosa

NorwayMr Trygve U. Riis

United KingdomMr Y. Lethbridge

PRCDr P. Chen & Dr Lijun Jiang

Southern Company Dr N. Meeks

AustriaDr Theodor Zillner

HychicoMr Sergio M. Raballo

Reliance Industries LtdDr Anurag Pandey

http://www.ieahia.org/

http://www.ieahia.org/


IEA Hydrogen TCP – Origins to Present

Created 6 October 1977

Membership – 21 countries, the EC, UNIDO, 6 Sponsors Participating Experts – 200-

350

40 tasks approved to date – production is most frequent task topic

NR NAME 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 STATUS

32 H2Based Energy Storage current

34 BioH2 for Energy & Environment (Successor to Task 21) completing

35 Renewable Hydrogen (Super Task) completing

36 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) (Successor Task 30) completing

37 Safety (Successor to Task 31) current

38 Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen to X current

39 Hydrogen in Marine Transport current

40 Energy Storage and Conversion based on Hydrogen approved

iAnalysis and modeling – a reference database (likely to become a “standing

task”)in definition

ii Market Deployment and Pathways to Scale In definition

iiiBiological production & conversion of H2 for energy and chemicals (Successor

Task 34)In definition

iv Hydrogen Export Supply Chains proposed

v Hydrogen Applications In Primary Sectors (mining, resources and agriculture) proposed

vi Industrial Use of Hydrogen in Middle Income Developing countries proposed

viiSuccessor tasks for renewable electrolysis, photoelectrochemical water-

splitting (PEC), and solar thermochemical hydrogen productionproposed


39 TCPs, 6000 experts commitedMore than 14 TCP involved in Hydrogen

IEA Hydrogen TCP leadership


IEA HIA Task 38Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X:

System Analysis of the techno-economic, legal and regulatory conditions


The “Power-to-hydrogen” concept means that hydrogen is produced via electrolysis supplied with low-carbon and/or low-cost electricityElectricity supply can be either:

• On-Grid• Off-grid• or hybrid systemsWith particular attention devoted to:• Provision of services to the grid• Characterization of hydrogen relevance for energy storage

“Hydrogen-to-X” implies that the hydrogen supply concerns a large portfolio of applications:• Transport: hydrogen for fuel cells• “Green” gas (either through methanation or not)• Industry (refinery, steel, ammonia, synfuels, etc.) • Re-electrification (towards the power grid or for remote areas)

Scope of the Task 38Power-To-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-To-X

6


- To provide a comprehensive understanding of the various technical and economic pathways for power-to-hydrogen applications in diverse situations

- To provide a comprehensive assessment of existing legal frameworks

- To provide business developers and policy makers with general guidelines and recommendations that enhance hydrogen system deployment in energy markets

The overarching objective will be to develop hydrogen visibility as a key energy carrier / chemical intermediate for a sustainable and smart energy system, within a 2 or 3 horizon time frame: 2020, 2030 and 2050, for example.

Objectives of the Task 38

7


Inside Task 38: Structure and Task Forces

Subtasks2 Mapping and Review / analysis of existing demo projects

3A Review/analysis of the existing economic studies on PtH & HtX

3B Review of the different existing legal frameworks, policy measures

4 Systemic approach and macro-economic impact analysis

5 Specific case studies

Interfaces with IEA, other projects and initiatives (RETD, …), tasks (36, others), institutions (EASE, IPHE, NOW, …), CEN/CENELEC

Survey of the state of the

art

Detailedcase studies

Task Forces

Methodology(screening sheets)

Definitions Services to the grid

Data Electrolyzerdata

Common basis for a common work

8


More

More than 50 experts, 35 organizations, 15 countries


Hydrogen-to-X : IEA Hydrogen DefinitionsConnection with CEN CENELEC TC6 and Platform


- Set up of a document database: • Over 230 reports, papers, proceedings• Detailed review of 183 publications

- Review process in two step approach:

1st step: Identifying studies with relevant qualitative /quantitative data and collect the main facts and figures of the studies, including:• Context of the study and general issues: date, type of document, geographical

scope and time horizon;• Addressed PtH – HtX pathways and grid services addressed• Identifying key issues/ bottlenecks in publications and general aspects for the

Power-to-X pathways

2nd step - Detailed analysis of relevant studies (identified in 1st step: # 183 items):• Techno-economic assumptions of the Power-to-X pathways: electricity prices,

CAPEX and OPEX etc. ;• Resulting hydrogen/ fuels production cost, comparison of costs targets/ markets• Comparison of business cases

ST3A: Literature Review: Approach, Martin Robinius, FZJ

11


Examples of Selected Results of Review

12

2nd step: In-depth analysis of 183 publications

0

20

40

60

80

Sha

re o

f rev

iew

ed s

tudi

es [%

] Year of publication

reviewed publications before 2018

0%

10%

20%

30%

Sha

re o

f rev

iew

ed s

tudi

es Geographical scope

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sha

re o

f rev

iew

ed s

tudi

es [%

] Adressed P-t-X pathways


- Comprehensive literature review reveals worldwide trends in Power-to-X pathways

• Strong increase of Power-to-X publications with peak in period 2013 -2016

• Focus on USA and EU especially Germany, UK and the Netherlands

• Shift in publications from grid-connected AEL to PEM electrolysis; minor focus to off-grid applications

• Large bandwidth of assumed electrolysis investment and resulting hydrogen production costs (4 – 10 €/kgH2), no clear trend in cost reduction in publications

• Installed electrolysis capacities in the scenarios are low (over 90 % below 1 GW)

- Three potential markets identified from the literature review:

• Transportation (Hydrogen-to-Fuel, HtF)

• Feed-in of hydrogen/ synthetic methane into natural gas grid

• Power generation (Power-to-Power, PtP)

- Power-to-Chemicals or Industry no focus in literature before 2017

Summary

13

AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME 14

ST3B Regulatory framework, Francesco Dolci JRC link with Hylaw project

Article overview (1/2)

The most acknowledged pathway, from a legal standpoint, is the use of hydrogen as fuel for fuel-cell vehicles

Hydrogen blending in natural gas grids is trickier under the current regulation:

Allowed injection limits for hydrogen are low, and feed-in tariffs are only implemented for bio-methane

Incentives begin appearing for the industrial sector

Hydrogen production via electrolysis is rarely promoted directly: among the countries covered, only Norway has implemented an electricity tax exemption for hydrogen production.

AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME 15

Article overview (2/2)

Specific regulations seem to be lacking for several pathways.

The specificity of hydrogen being a versatile energy carrier seems to be often disregarded: only few countries are implementing legal frameworks facilitating diverse hydrogen applications. Also, the potential benefits of hydrogen production via water electrolysis in contributing to the electric system stability and greater integration of variable renewables seem neglected as well.


Sub Task 2: Demonstration projects Analysis C Mansila, P Lucchese, J Proost

Collecting information concerning hydrogen system demonstrations, in order to come up with an International Demo project Roadmap

• Address milestones and objectives, results, lessons learnt ... in order to identify the future needs for complementary demonstrations

• 192 projects identified so far, in 32 countries

time evolution(69% completed, 31% ongoing)(1st demo HYSOLAR, 1985)

geographical spread

Thanks to Zaher ChehadeMaster Student Capenergies


Methodology

Demo list established from available public data-bases, with additional contributions of Task members (thanks a lot for those having contributed !) ;

– http://www.energystorageexchange.org/projects (US DoE)

– http://ease-storage.eu/

– http://www.europeanpowertogas.com/demonstrations

Direct contact established with (contact person of) demonstration projects, with dedicated screening sheets ;

Complementary literature reviews and detailed reading to collect (numerous) missing data ;

Analysis of each project through more than 25 parameters (technical, economical, operational, regulatory, …) ;


Extensive data mining ...


Some examples of data-mining

1) Hydrogen-to-X definition/classification of HtX applications temporal evolution geographical spread

2) Power-to-Hydrogen grid services electrolyser technologies storage technologies

3) Demo Objectives technical economic regulatory


Type of application (Hydrogen-to-X)

multiple categories allowed

85% associated with HtP (CHP)


Temporal progression of HtX


Temporal progression of HtFuel & HtGas

Total Fuel 3 7 11 30 23

Total Gas 0 1 3 40 24

Synfuels(liq)

Synfuels(liq)


Geographical spread of HtX

Total : 154 18 13 5 2


• The number of HtX applications per demo is seeing an increase, as demonstrations start to apply sector coupling to demonstrate H2 versatility.

Number of HtX applications per demo


Share of each type in multi-application demos



1) Hydrogen-to-X definition/classification of applications temporal evolution geographical spread


3) Demo Objectives technical economical regulatory

H2 production (and storage when requested) from low-carbon electricity, either from the grid or off-grid.


Demos including services to the grid


Type of Power-to-Hydrogen : electrolyser technology


PtH installed electrolyser capacity vs. start date

no more alkaline demos ?


PtH cumulative installed capacity

Alkaline

PEM


PtH electrolyser energy consumption (system level)

4,9 kWh/Nm3

5,8 kWh/Nm3

73%

62%

H2 HHV : 3,54 kWh/Nm3


PtH electrolyser efficiency : (no) temporal evolution


Demos including hydrogen storage (80% of total)

CHG Compressed Hydrogen Gas

MH Metal Hydrides

CNG Compressed Natural Gas



1) Hydrogen-to-X definition/classification of applications temporal evolution geographical spread


3) Demo Objectives technical economical regulatory


Technical objectives : 100% operational validation : 91% (145/159)

efficiency evaluation : 88% (140/159)

upscaling : 27% (43/159)

Total : 12 17 34 78 49


Economic objectives : 42% (66/156)

Total : 12 17 34 78 49

(only) 14% related to H2 production cost


Regulatory objectives : 11% (17/159)

When studying the other interests of the

projects, we noticed that most of the 17

direct feedbacks received from the demos

were considering a regulatory objective, while

in the reviewed literature only 2% of the

projects mentioned an interest.

This shows that regulatory objectives are

often rather implicitly included...


Conclusions : “missing links” ...

global picture ?roadmap ?


ST 4: Systemic approach and macro-economic impact analysisSheila Samstatli Bath University, O. Tlili C Mansilla CEA, Herib Blanco RUG

Classical approaches (Energy scenario modelling, sector division) are not suited to take into account multi-application and sectorcoupling (like in P-to-X applications)

Needs to develop R&D on complex energy system modelling

Innovate modelling to consider the global added value of hydrogen in energy systems and display the capabilities of modelling for complex energy systems which can be detailed on an hourly basis for specific areas.

Analysis of main energy scenarios (IEA WEO, ETP, IRENA, WEC, Green Peace, RTE...)

– A first investigation of the scenarios shows that hydrogen is introduced mainly in the transport sector via fuel cell vehicles. The other H2 energy-related applications (Power-to-X: such as injection into the natural gas network, methanation, energy storage, electricity and heat supply, etc.) are rarely mentioned in the scenarios that are reviewed.

– Hence, beyond modelisation, hydrogen presence in the scenarios highly depends on the techno-economic and political assumptions made in the study.

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

2015 2030 2040 2050

Mt

/ y

ea

r

ER

Adv ER

2DS High H2*

IRENA Total

transport

IRENA

(Remap)*

Unfinished

Symphony

Modern Jazz

Hard Rock


Scope Scenarios Definition

Organisations(Acronyms are

detailed in the

glossary)

Approach

H2 presence in the scenario

H2

presenc

e

In which sector? To which extent?

Glo

ba

l

WEO (2016)

- Current Policies scenario (CP)

- New Policies scenario (NP)

- 450 scenario

[1]

CP: business as usual, no new policies, the

implementation of some existing commitments can

be sluggish.

NP: policies and measures that

are already in place, targets and

intentions that have been announced

450: objective of limiting the average global

temperature increase in 2100 to 2 degrees Celsius

above pre-industrial levels

IEA

CP and NP :

Exploration scenarios

450 : Normative

scenario

No None None

ETP (2016)

-6DS

-4DS

-2DS

[19]

X DS: X°C rise of global temperature above pre-

industrial levels IEA

6 – 4DS: Explorative

scenarios

2 DS: Normative

scenario

Yes Transport Poor

2DS High H2 (2015)

[2], [20]

Sub-scenario of 2DS assuming high penetration of

hydrogen in the transport sectorIEA Normative scenarios Yes Transport High

The Grand Transition (2016)

- Hard Rock

- Modern Jazz

- Unfinished Symphony

[21]

Hard Rock: Low success in achieving sustainable

economic growth

Unfinished Symphony: High success driven by State

policies

Modern Jazz: High success driven by the market

WEC Exploration scenarios Yes Transport Medium

ReMap (2017)

-Reference

-ReMap

[5]

Reference: based on current and planned policies

and expected market developments

ReMap: in line with the goal in the Paris Agreement

of limiting global temperature rise to less than 2°C

above pre-industrial levels with a 66% probability.

IRENA

Reference scenario:

Exploration scenario

ReMap scenario:

Normative scenario

Yes

(in

Re

Ma

p)

TransportHigh (in

ReMap)

Energy [R]evolution (2015)

[22]

Energy Revolution: designed to achieve a set of

environmental policy targets resulting in a widely

decarbonised energy system by 2050

Advanced Energy Revolution: targeting a fully

decarbonised energy system by 2050 with significant

additional efforts compared to the “basic” Energy

[R]evolution scenario

Green

Peace

- Revolution:

Exploration

scenario

- Advanced

Revolution:

Normative

scenario

Yes

- Transp

ort

- Electri

city

gener

ation

- Heat

supply

High

Re

gio

na

l

H2 @scale (2016)

[15]

H2@scale: assessing the potential of different

hydrogen markets in the United States by 2050

NREL,

ANLExploration scenario Yes

Transport

Industrial

sector

High

EU reference scenario (2016)

[23]

European Reference scenario: a benchmark of

current policies and market trends

Europe

an

Commi

ssion

Exploration scenario Yes Transport Poor


ST4


TASK 38 Next StepsEstablish an international roadmap for PtX demo/Pilot/predeployment project

Establish a international framework to promote exchange and collaboration between industry, policy makers.

Contribute to IEA G20 report and beyond.

Contribute to establish a reliable database on hydrogen

Develop our own business cases (ST5)– Power to green ammonia in Chile for blasting industry (mining)

– Power to green ammonia produced in Australia and shipped to Japan (to be used as H2)

– Power to hydrogen from Patagonia to Japan

– Power and waste CO2 to green methanol in China

– Case for Power to methane in Romania

Contribute to new tasks launch and coordination with others TCPs

– Scenarios modelling

– New framework for International trade of massive hydrogen production or RE-Hydrogen rich fuels

– Link with Etsap, Bioenergy, Advanced motor fuel or combustion, Wind, PVPS


Reaching Climate target for mobility will be very difficult without new approach

Source: IEA 2DS scenario, Renewables division Report, 2017, IEA


How to decarbonize Industry sector ? Existing markets and new markets!


New 2017 Study from IEA Renewable DivisionRenewable Hydrogen (for industrial application) is now an option!



Main lessons learned

No Big Needs and funding for new Demo Projects; technology is ready

– Near 2 G€ investment realized, 30% public funding!

What is needed, especially for policy makers:

– Connect demo projects; organize data exchange and feed back and exploit redundancy of projects application and results

– Data base Establish international Road map and general guidelines

– Promote international cooperation, with non EU countries

Consensus on three fisrt markets: industry,mobility (including synfuels),

H2 Injection in Grid and more synthetic methane difficult business case

Develop new modelling tools for complex energy system, sector coupling, multi-applications and renewablesintegration

Main challenges and needs:

– Establish appropiate regulatory Framework. Specific regulations are lacking for several other pathways – sector coupling complexity and potential of hydrogen is not fully acknowledged for the time being;

– Service to the grid regulatory framework must be developed

– Certification very important

– Codes and standarts

– International framework for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich components trade

– SCALE UP in terms :

• of industrialization (electrolyser industry)

• Large renewables Plant new issues Acceptability issues, land uses etc…

– Allowed hydrogen concentrations in the natural gas grid vary a lot from one country to another (limitations stated), and no feed-in-tariffs (contrary to biomethane)

General questions– Hydrogen needed for Transport BUT as gas for fuel cells or electrofuels ? Future of ICE? Battery versus Fuel cells ?


Strategic milestone:IEA Report Hydrogen to be delivered next June 2019 G20 Summit in Japan


1 GW PV40% to H2 Production

How to scale up from local level ?Example of Region SOUTH in France


Thank you very much

[email protected]

http://www.ieahydrogen.org/


Après 3 années de Stagnation les émissions de CO2 repartent à la hausseWarning de Fatih Birol Directeur executif de l’IEA octobre 2018


La Chine, Le charbon….première cause de l’évolution du CO2

AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME29 janvier 2019

Climate change mitigationThe IEA 2 Degres Scenario



What is the IEA current position about Hydrogen:Hydrogen has a (bright) future But…

The future of Hydrogen is certainly for Industry (decarbonizing H2 from fossils)

The future of Hydrogen is probably for Electrofuels. Question mark: economy

The future of hydrogen is perhaps for some « heavy » mobility transportation sectors

The future of hydrogen is not for massive mobility, passengers cars…

Next Step: a strategic IEA report « Energy sector decarbonization opportunitieswith H2 rich-fuels »– A preliminary report to be released for next 14th G20 summit in Osaka,Japan, June 2019

– Final report in 2020


Conclusions

• International Organization, especially IEA play a fundamental role in international discussion at governement level

• Hydrogen is not yet seen as essential to energy transition and is far behind topics like EV, Bioenergy, smart Grid, renewables• Example of the EVI Electric Vehicle Initiative

• There is a first recognition of Hydrogen and a « consensus » on • Business model for massive H2 production in remote area, chemical production (Ammonia ) and international trade of H2 or H2 rich carriers

• Renewable Hydrogen for Industry (IEA, IRENA)

• Renewable Hydrogen for electrofuels

• This must be translated soon in energy scenarios

• Power to Gas is considered as intersting but no busniness model soon

• Hydrogen for mobility

• First application for fleet, heavy and public transportation could be « considered » ?

• Tough Point: Hydrogen doesn’t exist for massive application like passenger cars (a lot of skepticism)

• Hydrogen community, especially the different Hydrogen organizations must work together and inside international organization to understand and convince

• IEA Hydrogen will act strongly to that goal, with others organizations

29 janvier 2019


May 2018: Renewable Energy for Industry: Offshore Wind in Northern Europe

Next Step: WEO ?Question Mark:- Competition with imported

H2 from Low cost Renewablesrégion

- Competition with H2 fromfossil Plus CCS/CCUS

- Policy framework for International trade of Renewable Hydrogen


Primary frequency control reserves Secondary frequency

control reserves Tertiary frequency control reserves

ENTSO-E

(several European

countries)* Frequency containment reserve (FCR)

Frequency restoration reserve – automatic (aFRR)

Frequency restoration reserve – manual (mFRR) (followed by Replacement reserve (RR))

France*

Réserve primaire Réserve secondaire Reserve tertiary

Réserve tertiaire rapide

15 minutes

Réserve tertiaire

complémentaire

30 minutes

Réserve

à

échéance ou

différée

Belgium* Réserve de puissance pour réglage

primaire

Réserve de puissance pour

réglage secondaire Réserve de puissance pour réglage secondaire

Germany* Primärregelreserve Sekundärregel-reserve Minutenreserve

Netherlands* Primaire reserve Secundaire reserve Tertiare reserve

USA

(PJM)

Inertia

Response / Regulation

(mandatory)

Operating reserves

System Re-dispatch (SCED) Contingency Reserve Supplemental Reserve

Synchronized

(Spinning)

Reserves

Quick-

Start

Reserves

Synchronized and Non-synchronized reserve

USA

(CAISO)

(no given name) Operating Reserve Replacement reserve and

supplemental energy

Regulating reserve Contingency reserve

Spinning reserve

Non-spinning reserve

United Kingdom

(Great Britain,

Wales, and

Scotland)

Dynamic Response Dynamic & Non-Dynamic Services

Primary Frequency Response Secondary Frequency

Balancing Mechanism and STOR

(< 10 seconds) (< 30 seconds)

Enhanced

Frequency Response

(EFR)

Primary and High Firm

Frequency Response

(FFR)

Secondary Firm Frequency Response (FFR)

(< 1

second) Dynamic Dynamic

Sweden Frekvensstyrd Normaldriftsreserve and

Störingsreserv (does not exist) Seven different types of reserves

Czech Republic Pervitchnyi reserve Vtoritchnyi reserve Tretitchnyi reserve

Australia Contingency services

Regulating services and network loading control

Short-term capacity reserve

Fast Slow Delayed

New Zealand

Instantaneous reserves Frequency regulating (or

keeping) reserve (no given name)

Fast Sustained

Over frequency


Name System Size Application(s) Actors Location Start

Date

End

Date Ref.

HYUNDER

PEM

electrolyzer

and tanks

66 Nm3/h Load shifting

Grid balancing

Aragon

Hydrogen

Foundation

Huesca

(Spain) 2008 - 1

Myrte

PEM

electrolyzer,

fuel cell, and

storage

50kW

(120 Nm3/h)

Fuel cell: 200

kW

Grid balancing CEA, Areva Corsica

(France) 2012 - 2

INGRID

Electrolyzer

with fuel cell

and solid-state

tanks

1.2 MWe Grid balancing Enertrag AG (Italy) 2012 2015 3

Don Quichote

PEM and

alkaline

electrolyzers

30 Nm3/h Load shifting Hydrogenics Halle

(Belgium) 2012 2018 4

Energiepark

Mainz

PEM

electrolyzer 6 MWe

Load shifting

(wind)

Curtail

avoidance

Frequency

Regulation

Siemens Mainz

(Germany) 2012 - 5

Creative Energy

Homes

Li-ion battery

with

electrolyzer

Battery: 24

kWh

Hydrogen:

155 kWhe

Demand

management

Load shifting

University of

Nottingham

Nottingham

(UK) 2013 2015 6

Levenmouth

Projects*

PEM

electrolyzer

and fuel cell

250 kW

electrolyzer

100 kW fuel

cell

Load shifting

(microgrid)

Logan Energy,

Hydrogenics (Scotland) 2014 - 7

ELYintegration Alkaline

electrolyzer

Multi-MW

goal Grid balancing

Aragon

Hydrogen

Foundation

Huesca

(Spain) 2015 - 8

HyBalance PEM

electrolyzer 1.2 MW Grid balancing

Hydrogenics,

Air Liquide (Denmark) 2015 - 9

H2PEMGAS PEM

electrolyzer 300 kW Grid balancing

Consiglio,

Nazionale dell

Richerche,

ITM

(Italy) 2016 - 10

Demo4Grid

Pressurized

alkaline

electrolyzer

4 MW Grid balancing

Aragon

Hydrogen

Foundation

(Austria) 2017 –

Erreur !

Signet

non

défini.

QualiGridS

PEM and

alkaline

electrolyzers

50 – 300 kW Grid balancing

ITM, Aragon

Hydrogen

Foundation

(Germany) 2017 - 11

H2Future PEM

electgrolyzer 6 MW Grid balancing

Verbund,

Siemens (Austria) 2017 - 12

Lam Takhong

wind hydrogen

hybrid project*

PEM

electrolyzer

and fuel cell

Electrolyzer:

1 MWe

Fuel cell: 200

kWe

Load Shifting

(microgrid) Hydrogenics

Lam

Takhong

(Thailand)

2018 - 13

Fukushima

Hydrogne Energy

Alkaline

electrolyzer 10 MW Load shifting Toshiba, Asahi (Japan) 2019 - 14

1 http://hyunder.eu/ 2 https://www.universita.corsica/en/research/myrte/ 3 http://www.ingridproject.eu/ 4 https://www.don-quichote.eu/ 5 http://www.energiepark-mainz.de/en/ 6 Hosseini SE, Wahid MA. Hydrogen production from renewable and sustainable energy resources: promising green energy

carrier for clean development. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016;57:850–66. 7 https://www.brightgreenhydrogen.org.uk/levenmouth-community-energy-project/ 8 http://www.elyntegration.eu/ 9 https://www.fch.europa.eu/project/hybalance 10 https://www.fch.europa.eu/project/high-performance-pem-electrolyzer-cost-effective-grid-balancing-applications 11 http://pdfconverter.artwhere.net/?url=https://hydrogeneurope.eu/project/QualyGridS?embed 12 https://www.fch.europa.eu/project/hydrogen-meeting-future-needs-low-carbon-manufacturing-value-chains 13 https://www.egat.co.th/en/news-announcement/news-release/egat-goes-green-by-constructing-12-more-lam-ta-khong-wind-

turbines-with-wind-hydrogen-hybrid-system-and-fuel-cell-for-electricity-system-stability 14 https://www.nedo.go.jp/english/news/AA5en_100393.html

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„Drivers, Challenges and Global Scenario for the ...€¦ · 30.01.2019 · „Drivers, Challenges and Global Scenario for the Development of Power-to-X Technology“ Paul Lucchese