Aagw2010 June 09 Meshack Nyabenge Where is Gis Unit in Icraf World Agroforestry Centre

Where is GIS Unit in

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

Research and Development

Mr. Meshack Nyabenge,

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) P. O Box 30667 00100

Nairobi, Kenya,

E-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

June 17, 2010

W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge

Wow! See ICRAF Recipe !!!

1. Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental

Services in Africa (PRESA).

2. Mapping Rainwater Harvesting

domain in Africa

3. Targeting biofuel investment in

Eastern Africa countries and beyond

4. Soil Health Surveillance Protocol

5. GIS in Irrigation Master Plan

6. Conservation Agriculture with Trees

June 17, 2010


Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental

Services in Africa (PRESA).

Goal: smallholder farmers and residents living in the highlands of East

and West Africa benefit from fair and effective agreements between

stewards and beneficiaries of ecosystem services.

Objectives:

1. Foster workable environmental service

agreements.

2. Catalyze policy support and private-sector

participation in environmental service agreements

3. Community of Practice: Provide support to

researchers, NGOs and government agencies

interested in pro-poor rewards for environmental

services in Africa

June 17, 2010


Sites

Characteristics of PRESA sites

• Fragile eco-systems

• Reported conflicts in use of

environmental services

• Over exploitation of ES leading

degradation.

June 17, 2010


Shamba

system

fields Sasumua

Reservoir,

Kenya

June 17, 2010


Sasumua Watershed

• Located in Nyandarua South District, Central Kenya.

• Consists of three sub-watershed Sasumua, Chania, Kiburu.

• Provide more than a third of drinking water for City of Nairobi.

• Located in agricultural area, forest reserve and Aberedare National Park- presenting a

fragile-ecosystem, source conflict, and over exploitation of environmental services

June 17, 2010


Adopt the concept and framework of Pro-poor

Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa

• Awareness creation through several meeting with communities and

stakeholders.

• Scientific inventory and analysis of environmental services (soil, water,

landuse, land tenure, environmental audit)

• Involvement of community and stakeholder during data collection and

interpretation supported by community-based knowledge.

• Stakeholder workshop for reporting and calibrating scientific findings

and identification keys development issues for sustainable management

of Sasumua system

June 17, 2010


Soil: Assessment of Land Degradation

• Using Soil Health Surveillance Protocol developed by ICRAF scientists, the

following sites were identified as areas with different erosion risk

June 17, 2010


Hydrological Modeling and Water Quality

Assessment

• Water quality measurements at selected sampling points during dry

and wet season.

• Watershed modeling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool, (SWAT)

a watershed scale model developed in the USA (Neitsch et. Al, 2002).

• Mingutii subcatchment both

from the cropped land and

stream corridor

• Little Sasumua subcatchment

(40% cropped land, 60% forest)

• Roads, paths, cattle tracks

contribute substantial sediment

Sources of Sediment• Best management practices on

agricultural land

– Grassed waterways

• Stream bank stabilization and protection

– Riparian buffer strips

• Road drainage

• Drainage of built-up areas: Njabini, Kwa Haraka, Githioro, Kanyenya-ini

• Sediment traps

Strategies for reducing

erosion and sedimentation

June 17, 2010


Water Yield

Flow % Mean Flow

m3/s

Sasumua River 66 1.72

Chania River 21 0.54

Kiburu 13 0.33

#

##

##

####

##

## ######

##

####

##########

###

##

%[&\

7

5

13

15

6

8

2

4

24

14

1

30

3

36

3125

20

17

21

11

16

34

28

10

35

19

38

32

2218

12

26

9

27

23

29

37

33

Sasumua

River, 67 %

Chania River,

21 %

Kiburu River,

13 %

June 17, 2010


Landuse Change• To understand long-term utilization of resources, time series (1985-2007) landuse changes

from satellite remote sensing images was undertaken.

19851995

2000 2007

June 17, 2010


Landuse Change

Landcover Change between 1985 and 2007

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

area1985 area1995 area2000 area2007

Year

Are

a (

km

2)

Agriculture

Woodlot

Degraded forest

Forest

Fallow

1. Population increase

resulting high intensity

in agriculture

2. Land tenure changes.

3. Policy ( Shamba

farming systems)

Drivers of Change

June 17, 2010


June 17, 2010


Land Tenure

1. The land was considered crown land and

was allocated to European farmers by the

colonial government as large scale

commercial farms on 999 year agricultural

leases.

2. The total land area in the basin is 5593

hectares and 49% was taken up by the

leasehold farms.

3. The population on these farms was low as it

often comprised only the settler farmer and

his laborers. Entry into the white highlands

was restricted and the laborers were not

allowed to come with their families.

4. Movement permits were used to regulate

the movement into and out of the region by

locals. Agricultural activities tended to be

expansive rather than intensive due to the

large size of the farm units.

Leasehold agricultural land (1964)

June 17, 2010


Land Tenure

1. The Settlement Fund Trustee (SFT) was set up by

the post independence government under the

agriculture Act Cap 347, to identify, plan and

allocate land to local farmers.

2. The farmers were allocated land and given seed

money to set up their farms. They were to pay for

the land and the seed money over a period of 25

years after which they obtained freehold titles.

3. The large scale farms were purchased by the

government and converted to settlement

schemes. The resettlement exercise was started

in 1964 and continued into the 1970s.

4. By 1980 most of the prime land had been

allocated but due to consistent demand even

marginal areas were converted to settlement

schemes. In the Sasumua watershed all leasehold

farms were converted to settlement schemes.

Post independence freehold agricultural land (2008)

June 17, 2010


Environmental Audit Findings

• Persistent grazing along the riparian reserve, which affects groundcover thus

protection of the river

• Pollution from livestock, especially those grazing along the riparian reserve

• Planting of eucalyptus trees in proximity to the riverbanks

• Inadequate physical infrastructure, especially heavy reliance on pit latrines and

weak solid waste management mechanisms

• Weak physical infrastructure as exemplified by lack of land use planning

• Weak community participation in natural resource management, local

community’s access to water

• Reintroduction/illegal farming in the forest

• Dwindling water resources against rising demand

• Continued rapid growth of urbanization and intensification of farming will continue

to place a lot pressure on the dam.

June 17, 2010


Stakeholder Workshop

• Presented all scientific findings

• Deliberation on keys issue of ES (water, policy, landuse\

agriculture, community role and other stakeholder)

• Explore benefits community can get or continue to enjoy from

positive contribution in sustaining Sasumua system.

• Way forward.

June 17, 2010


Mapping Rainwater Harvesting

domain

• Rainwater Harvesting is a simple, low cost water management technique that

involves the intentional capturing & storage of rainwater as, when, and where it falls

for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental use.

• There are numerous positive benefits for RWH.

– The technology is low cost, highly decentralized empowering individuals and

communities to manage their water.

– It has been used to improve access to water and sanitation at the local level.

– In agriculture rainwater harvesting has demonstrated the potential of doubling

food production by 100% compared to the 10% increase from irrigation.

• Rainwater harvesting domain refers to the area pre-dominated by a particular type of

water harvesting technology. Examples include rooftop, runoff and in-situ domains.

June 17, 2010


Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries

• Mapping RWH domain refer to characterization of biophysical variables, which influenced type of RWH domain.

• For Example– Rooftop RWH domain-Using rainfall and human population (representing rooftop at

national level mapping)

• Computing domestic water harvesting potential

• Generic formula for computing roof water harvesting potential is given here below as follows;

•

• Where:

• = Volume of harvested rainwater (m3)

• = Area of the roof surface (m2)

• = Precipitation (m)

• = Runoff coefficient (Dimensionless)

• = Roof pitch (Dimensionless)

• = Probability of rainfall occurrence (Often taken as 0.67 for Eastern Africa region)

– Insitu RWH-Rainfall and landuse

– Runoff RWH-Rainfall and Slope

WH d A f *P *Cd *Pf *

WHd

A f

P

Cd

Pf

June 17, 2010


Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries

• RWH project started in 2005 between

UNEP and ICRAF

– Mapped Africa and 11 countries, plus

4 cities (Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es

Salaam, Garbarone)

• The main objective of this work was

to demonstrate in spatial domain the

huge potential for RWH in Africa and

thereby provide a tool for advocacy

and decision support in RWH in and

selected countries

June 17, 2010


Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries –Rooftop RWH

June 17, 2010


Rwanda Rooftop RWH mapping

WH d A f *P *Cd *Pf *

June 17, 2010


Targeting biofuel investment in

Eastern Africa countries

Goal: Identify where to invest biofuel crops without affecting food security and

maintaining environmental status quo.

• Project was initiated by NGO and ICRAF partners (Vanilla Foundation, GTZ)

in 2006 and still attracting attending beyond Kenya was ICRAF starting point

• In 2008/09, project was extended to Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda

• In 2010, UNEP, ACTs and ICRAF improved Kenya biofuel mapping to support

biofuel and Energy policy.

• Interest in comparing methods and output within Africa is being conceived

and will be documented.

June 17, 2010


Targeting biofuel investment in

Eastern Africa countriesAltitude

Temperature Rainfall

Swamp

June 17, 2010


Methodology

• The process of biofuel feedstock suitability

mapping is foundered on principles of land

evaluation developed by FAO in 1976, where

matching of the ecological and management

requirements of relevant land use with land

qualities, whilst taking local economic and social

conditions into account (FAO, 1976).

• Instead of targeting variety of crops and selecting

one or more with higher socio-economic returns

and optimal biophysical compliance, the process

zero-in one crop at time, and selecting land areas

with both optimal biophysical and socio-economic

scores.

11

min

max11

min

max11

min

max1,1 yx

a

ayx

r

ryx

t

tyx SoilART

Suitability=

Where T=Temperature;

tmin=minimum temperature

value; tmax=maximum

temperature value; (x1,y1)

location of temperature value,

R= rainfall; A=altitude.

June 17, 2010


Results

June 17, 2010


What ICRAF GIS Can Sell to MPs

• Data on Tree cover, species and role in rural health,

food security (fodder fertilizer), carbon market

negotiation, etc

• Tools and data from Soil Health Surveillance

Protocols (http://intranet.icraf.cgiar.org/)

• Capacity building and general support in Rainwater

Harvesting and biofuel mapping and analysis (in MP

6 and others)

• Support irrigation master planning from GIS

perspective (come for tomorrow presentation)

June 17, 2010


What do we NEED to handle keys research in MP6 and others?

Documents

Aagw2010 June 09 Meshack Nyabenge Where is Gis Unit in Icraf World Agroforestry Centre