-- -- - -- - -- -

1 Trav. Mas. Hist. nat. cc Grigore Antipan 1 Vol. XXXI pp. 201- 218 / 1991 1 1- P

I

A REVISION OF PA RNASS IUS APOLLO (LINNAEUS) (LEPIDOPTERA, PAPILIONIDAE) IN ROMANIA USING

NUMERICAL TAXONOMY

DOREL M. RUSTI, LIVIU DRAGOhfIRESCU

On prCsente la rhpartition et la hiologie de Parnassius apollo en Roumanie. On 6tudie la variabiliti: intraspbcilique rn iltilirant lrs mithodes de la taxinnmie numbriqne et on propose urie nouvelle lnithode dc rodage des donnies mbtriques. 1 ~ s races d6crites josqu'h present des Carpates rou~rlailies sont niaintenant synonymisCes avec P. opollo trarrssylvanicus.

Prompted by rlr. A. Popescu-Gorj, we tackled the study of the Par- nassitrs apollo (Linnaeus) in Romania, aiming a t clearing up the problems connected with the distribution and systematics of this species in the Roma- nian Carpathians.

Although many papers have dealt with this subject, our - knowledge on Parnassius apollo in Romania is far from being clear and complete. The oldest records are due to Fuss (1850) (cited after C z e k e 1 i u s , 1897) - for Transylvania - and to M a n n (1866) for Dobrogea. I n Bucovina, the species was mentioned hy H o r m u z a k i (1894, 1897). In the first decades of our century, three geographical races and a form - P. a. transsylvanicus Schweitzer, 1912 (Eastern Carpathians, Harghita County [= "Ciuc Cornitat"] (Figs 1-2), P.u. jaraensis KertBsz, 1922 1 (Figs 3-4) (Apuseni RXts., Iara Valley), P.n. rosenius Fruhstorfer, 1923 1 (Figs. 5-6) (Eastern Carpathians, Suceava County [= "Bucovina"]) and f. 9 maurus Fruhstorfer, 1923 1 (Gheorghieni) - were described. After the Second World War, was also described a melanic aberration (f. alexinschii Peiu & Neme~, 1970) of Bucovina (Rargu R l t ). '

Subsequently, besides the usual faunistic records ( C a r a d j a 1895 ; S a l a y , l 9 1 0 ; P a s , l 9 0 6 ; R c h c 1 , 1 9 1 3 ; D i 6 s z c : g h y , 1 9 3 4 ; 1 I a r e t , 1938; P o p e s c u - G o r j , 1964, 1970; K o n i g , 1970; I z s h k , 1980; B B l i n t , 1981; S c h n e i d e r , 1984; C B p u g e & K o v A c s , 1988) several monographic papers were equally puhlished. Accordingly, C z e k e- l i u s (1921, 1937) revised the species in Transylvania. I s s e k u t z (1952) and P e k a r s k y (2954) referred to the whole Carpathian chain, without

I) Cited after B o 11 o w (1932) and C a p d e v i 1 l e (1978)

202 DOREL RU$TI, LNIU DRAGOMIRESCU

bringing new data for the Romanian Carpathians. Moreover, the first author also gave a few erroneous data (Tab. 1).

The fascicle of the "Fauna RPR" dedicated to the family Papilionidae (N i c u 1 e s c u , 1961) included the only revision of the species P. apollo on the whole territory of Romania. But a detalied list of localities or a map tracing the distribution of the species in Romania are missing; as for syste- matics, the three races described from the Romanian Carpathians are mentio- ned and their doubtful character is emphasized. The author intended to later return to that problem but he did not.

I n the present paper, we complete the knowledge relative to the die- tribution and systematics of the P. apollo races mentioned from Romania, also using thc numerical taxonomy methods.

MA TERIAL AHD METHODS

Thr studied material (60 $3 and 33 99, collected from 1911 to 1981 in the Eastern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains) is preserved in the col- lections of the "Grigore Antipa" Natural History Museum and in the pri- vat^ collection of dr. A. Popescu-Gorj (Bucharest). We also examined the P. npollo specimcns deposited in collections of the Museum of Natural Scien- ces Sibiu. The material that is now published for the first time is mentioned in table 1. The fauna records from the literature are grouped in three cate- gories: ( I ) sure sites in which the species was also found after 1950; (2) sites collsidered as "sure", but from which collectings after 1950 have not been known, and (3) doubtful records (either obvious errors or last century re- cords which have to. be reconfirmed on a new material).

On a material including 54 $8 and 30 99 beloging to five populations (Tab. 2), the measurements of 12 metric characters are made (Fig. 7): (1) fore wing length; (2) fore wing height; (3) width of subterminal suffusion in the space between veins M3 and Cul on the fore wings; (4) width of mar- ginal hyaline band, in the same space; (5) maximum width of hind wing basal suffusion; (6) diameter of hind wing upper ocellum; (7) hind wing lower ocellum diameter; (8) height of fore wing cell spot ; (9) height of fore wing discal spot; (10) height of fore wing costal spot; (11) height of fore wing ex- tradiscal spot and (12) height of fore wing mediocubital spot. The measure- ments were made with a 0.1 mm accuracy, on wing drawings traced by using the camera lucida.

The purposc of the study of this phenotypic! material was to achieve a classification with a systematic goal. Consequently, in agreement with D r a g o m i r c s c u (1986), we applied the clustering method proposed by B u s e r and B a r o n i - U r b q n i (1982) and improved by D r a - g o m i r e s c u et al. (1985). This method operates with a "homogeneity" defined for any OTU's subset (a homogeneity which generalizes the classic similarity coefficients only dcfinecl for OTUs subsets: see S n e a t h and S o k a 1 , 1973). We used the homogeneity proposed in D r a g o m i r e s c u et al. (op. cit.) for tables with n values. The n value table included the 12 metric characters by refining the coiling procedure proposed by our regrette colleague Vlaclimir Constantinescu in D r a g o m i r e s c u e t al. (op. cit.)

REVISION OF PARNASSZUS APOLLO (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA) IN ROMANIA 203 - - - -- . - - . . - - - - - -- -

Table 1 Alphabetic list of Pnrnussius apollo recorded sites in Romania

- - . - . . - - Sita

.No. status Site References Remarks

Bihoiului Mts.

Barnar Peak

Bicaz Chei

Bistrita

Borscc

Brsgov

Brogteni

Bucegi MLS.

4 5 - - -- -- - - - -- .-

6 -

FR49 F r a n z e n a u , 1857: 20 (cited after C z e k e 1 i u s, 1897: 9 and 1921: 2, "Kisbhnya")

FR73 C x e k e l i u s , 1897: 9 "Bnnycza (Hunyad. Corn.)" - N i c u 1 e s c u , 1961: 97 He probably refers to (1)

Biita taking over the data of C z e k e 1 i u s (1921).

LN94 (S a 1 a y , 1910: 13 "Brogteni-Barnar")

MM08 See (16) Cheile Bicazului.

LN12 .I s s e k u t e , 1952: 138 Error: the locality is si- tuated in the hilly, area bring devoid of hiotops favourable to the species.

LN33 C z e k e 1 i u s , 1921 : UNPUBLISHED MATE- 4-6 ("Borgo-Bistrita"; RIAL: 2 23 gi 2 ssp. transsylvanic~rs) "1936 / Dr. Knabs" (coll. S c h n e i d e r , 1984: 308 Popescu-Gorj) Extinct ("Birgiiu-Bistrifa", ssp. population (C z e k e 1 i us rmnssylvanicus) 1937).

LN90 R e b e 1 , 1913 ("Bade UNPUBLISHED MA- BorszCk'*) C z e k e 1 i u S , TERIAL: 4 ex. coll. Wo- 1921: 1 ("Borsz6.k"); re11 (Mus. Nat. Sci. Sibiu) S c h n e i d e e r , 1984: 308 (ssp. transsylvanicus) C i p u g e & K o v i i c s , 1988: 131 (ssp. transsyl- oanicus = rosenius)

LL85/95 R o t h s c h i 1 d , 1909 Error: confusion between (cited after C z e k e 1 i u s, "Broos" (= OrBgtie) and 1921: 2) "BrassB" (= Bnagov)

( C z e k e l i u s , 1921) MN03 N i c u 1 e s c u , 1961: 97 He probably refers to (4)

(ssp. rosenius) Rarnar Peak taking over the data of S a 1 a y (1910) and C z e k e l i u s 1921)

LL82 H a r e t, 1938: 12 ("Zgar- Haret supports that he bura"); P o p e s c u - saw the butterfly in Bu- G o r j , 1964 ; 249 (ssp. cegi Mts. -The specimens jnraensis) mentioned by Popescu-

Gorj are reserved in Sa- lay coll. (hius. Hist. Nat. "Grigore Antipa") and their label only bears "Mtii Bucegi" ; as concern

204 DOREL RUSTI, LIVIU DRAGOMIRESCU

Table 1 (cowinued)

13 Cglirnani Mts . -

14 Cheile Birazului MM08

15 0 Cimpulung LN96 Moldovenesc

16 * Ciucurova PK17

17 0 Colbu Valley LN85

20 0 Corbu

21 Cornet

habitus, the examined 9 is clearly different from the rest of specimens col- lected in the Romanian Carpathians.

ssp. rosenius F r u h s t o r- Terra typica for ssp. ro- f e r., 1923: 41 (cited after senius. -List of sites: B o 11 o w , 1932: 54 and (4) Barnar Peak, (15) C a p d e v i 11 e , 1978: Ci'mpulung Moldovenesc, 121) (17) Colbu Valley (23)

Deia, (26) GBina / bfol- dova Sul~ta, (58) Vatra Dornei, (59) Vadu Bis- tritei = (62) Zugreni.

C z e k e 1 i u s , 1921: 3 UNPUBLISHED MA- ("KelemengebirgeW); TERIAL: 2 specimens K O n i g , 1975: 220 Wore11 coll. (Mus. Sci.

Nat. Sibiu) N i c 11 1 e s c 11 , 1961 : 97 ; UNPUBLISHED MA- P o p e s C u - G o r j , TERIAL: 1 & 1.VIII.67 1970: 348-349 (ssp. trans- (Po~escu-Gorj coll.). - 1 sylvanicus) ; I s z 6 k , specimen in Czekelius 1980: 456 (ssp. trarrssyl- coll. (Mus. Sci. Nat. Si- vanicus) biu) labeled "Bekaspatak" H o r m u z a k i , 1897: Cf. (23) Deia. 3-4 (trans. ad var. trans- baicalensis) M a n n , 1867: 325 ("Ciu- See text for discussion. corowa") I I o r m u z a k i , 1897: 3 4 , 1894: 79: 177 ("Colbuthale bei Dorna" ; trans. ad var. tmnsbaica- lensis) C z e k e l i u s . 1921: 1 ("Colirnbita") ; N i c u l e s c u , 1961: 97 (ssp. rosenius) L e o n , 1980 (cited after The specimens of Kemin- C a r a d j a , 1895: 29) ger coll. on which Leon's

mention is based seem to originate in Alps (C a - r a d j a , 1895: 29).- -The species has not been mentioned so far from that area.

C z e k e l i u s . 1 9 2 1 : 1 ("Tolgyespatak: Valea Sac& bei Hollow) C z e k e 1 i u s , 1921 : 1 Mention made according

to the "accounts of in- telligent hunters" who "would have seen the

%utterfly in the Metaliferi Mts."

REVISION OF PARNASSIUS APOLU) (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA) IN ROMANIA 206 - -- -

22 Cupag Valley / Suhardul Mic %It.

23 0 Dria

25 Eastern Cprpa- thia~ls . '

26 0 Giina / Mol$ov~ Sulita

27 0 Gheorgheni

28 Gureni

29 HarghitacQNeamt Counties

Table 1 (continued) -

5 6 --

I z s 4 k , 1980: 456 (ssp. rranssylvanicus) H o r m u z a k i , 1904: 1171 m alt. 4 3 0 4 3 1 (Deia Bergen 'J'epig und Prislop"; ssp. aff. hesebolus) ( : z e k e l i n s , 1921: 1 ("Gyergy6 Ditr6") N I c u 1 e s c u , 1961 : 97 List of sitcs: (4) Barnar

Peak, (7) Bistri~a-Birgg- ului, (8) Borsec, (10) Brogteni, (12) Bucovina, (14) Cheile Bicazului, (15) Cimpulnng Moldovenesc, (17) Colbu Valley, (1 8) Co- libita, (20) Corbu, (22) Cupag Valley, (23) Deia, (24) Ditriiu, (26) GBina, (27) Gheorgheni, (29) Har- ghita county, (30) HBa- lnagul Mare Peak, (31) Lacu Rogu, (32) Lunca Bradului, '(33) Mlgura Peak / Rodna Mts., (36) Maramureg, (39) Neamt county, (41) Olt sources, (43) Putna Valley, (44) Rariiu Mt., (45) Rgsto- lira, (48) Rodnei Mts., 49) Rotunda, (52) Stin- ceni-Neagra, (53) Su- ceava county, (54) Suhar- clul Mic Peak, (55) Surdue Mt., (56) Toplita, (57) Tulgheg, (58) Vatra Dor- nei, (59) Vadu Bistritei, (61) Valea Vinului, (62) Zugreni.

H o r m u z a k i , 1897: The highest site recorded 3-4 in Romania ("1425 m").

The record certainly refers to the mountains from the vicinity of the town.

R e b e 1 , 1913 (Gyergyb- Szt.-Miklos") ; C z e k e l i u s , l921:l f. 9 maurus F r u h s t o r - f e r , 1921 (cited after B o l l o w , 1932: 20) C z e k e 1 i u s , 1921 :2 Mentioned after ''n npe-

cimen seen in flight" nanssylvanicus - Terra typica for ssp. trans- S c h w e i t z e r , 1912: sylvanicus. - List of si- 249-250 ("Siebenbiir- tes of the area: (8) Boreec.

DOREL RUS'I'I, LIVIU DRAGOMIRESCU . ~~ - - . - - - -. - - ..

HB~rnagul Mare

Lacu Rogu

Lunca Bradului

Miigura Peak / Rodna Mts.

- .

S5 0 MBrigel

36 * Maramureg

Merigor Naia / Oriigtie

Table I (continued) - - - - . -- - - - - - -. - - -

5 --

6

gischen Karpaten des Csi- (14) Cheile Bicazului, (20) kcr Comitates") Corbu, (22) Cupag Valley.

(24) Ditriiu, (27) Gheor- gheni, (30) HBgmuful Mare Peak, (31) Lacul Rogu, (43) Putna Valley, (54) Suhardul Mic Peak. (56) l'oplita, (57) Tulgheg.

P o p e s c u - G o r j , UNPUBLISHED MA- 1970: 349 (ssp. tmnssyl- TERIAI,: 4 specimens, vanicus ) \Xrorell collectwn IMus.

Sci. Nat.. sibit). '

K o n i ~ ! , 1975:220 UNPUBLISHED MA- (ssp. t r~ns~~lvan icus) TERIAL: 1 d 6.VIII.1981

(leg. JliizBrescu) and 1 9 16.VIII.1981 (Mus. Hist hat . "Grigore Antipa")

C g p u g e a n d K o v 6 c s 1987: 131 (ssp, transsyl- canicus = rosenius) F u s s , 1850: 56 (cited The site location is not after C z e k e 1 i u s ,1897: sure, because in the Rodnn 9 ("Miigura / Rodnaer Ge- Mts. there are several birge") peaks with that name. F r a n z e n a u , 1857: 20 UNPUBLISHED MA- (cited after C z e k e I i u S, TERIAL: (Mus. Hist. Nat. 1897:< "Biharer Gebirge / "Grigore Antipa") $3 - Reketo") 13 specimens leg. LBzii- P o p e s c u - G o r j , rescu 18-26.VII.1969- 1964: 249 (ssp. jararnsis) ; 1971, 7 specimens leg. K ii n i g , 1975: 220 (ssp. Beregszfzszy 14.-18.VII. jarnensis)) 1971-1974, 1 specimen C B p u g e and K o v 6 c s leg. M~noliu 14.VII.1974 ; 1987: 132 (ssp. jaraensis) 99 - 6 specimens Liz&-

rescu 18-29.VII.1969- 1971, 4 specimens leg. Beregszaszy 16.-23.VII. 1971-1976, 1 specimen leg. Manoliu 3.VIII.1974; (Mlis. Sci. Nat. Sibiu): 4 specimens in Worell col- lection.

P o p e s c u - G o r j , 1964: 249 ("Mt. Giliiului / MBrigelul" ; ssp. jaraensis) N i c u 1 e s c u , 1961 :96 Erroneously taken over

after I s s e k u t z (1952). because this author re- referred to the Hust zone of the Woody Carpathians (Ukraine / USSR).

C e e k e l i u s , 1921:l C z e k e 1 i u s , 1921: 1 The specimen is deposited

in the collections of Mus.

REVISION OF PARNASSZUS APOLU) (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA) IN ROMANIA 207 -

Table 1 (con~inued) -- -

5 6 - - -- . . - - - -- - - - - .. -.

Sci. Nat. Sibill and is labcllcd "Broos" (= Or+ tie). See (29) Harghita & Neamt,,Counties.

D i 6 s z e g h y , 1934,: Cited with reservation" 109 after specimens of Csch

collection. - See (47) Re- tezat Mts

N i c u l e s c 11 , 1961: 96 Takcn over after C z e- k c l i u s (1921).-See (29) Harghita 8 Neamt Counties.

N i c 11 1 e s c u , 1961 : 96. See (38) Naia. C z e k e l i u s , 1921: 1 ("Putnapatak") H a r c t (1938: 29) er- C a r a d j a , 1895: 29; roneously mentions ssp. H o r m u z a k i , 1893: carpaticus from Rartiu. 249 ; - UNPUBLISHED MA- H o r m u z a k i , 1898: TERIAL (Popescu- 3-4 (trans. ad var. trans- Gorj coll.): 3 cS.8 20- baicalensis) 26.VII.1966-1967 and N i c u l e s c u , 1961: 97 2 9.: 20 .-26.VII.1966- ("Rartiu / Mt. Aramei 81 1967 leg. Peiu. Pietrele Doarnnei" ; ssp. rosenius) f. alexinschii P e i u and N e m e q, 1970: 73 ("Dea- lul Toancelor") The butterfly would have C z e k e 1 i s , 1921 :1 disappeared from the site ("Ratosnya / im obeyen "as a result of railway Maroschtale") setting" (C z e k e l i u s ,

1937). See (34) Mgguri-R&c&tHu. According to C ti p u p e and K o v 4 c ~(1987: 132) the specimens of Di6szeghy coll. bear, on the back of the label, the informa- tion that they probably came from Slovakia. - I n both Czekelius and Worell collections there is one specimen labelled "Retezat" (Mus. Sci. Nat. Sibiu). - See (40) Netit.

P a x , 1906 The author indicatee no locality. - See (33) MX- gura Peak, (49) Rotunda Pass, and (61) Valea Vi- nului.

C z e k e l i u s , 1921: 1 ("Rotunda / im Quell

Neamt County

Neti! / Retezat Mts.

Olt sources

Orfiptie Putna Valley

Rar&u Mt.

R&c&tXu Retezat Mts.

Rodna Mtr.

Rotunda Pass