Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 A PRESENTATION ON MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
OF THE WORLD BY MRS.GHAZALA FARHEEN DMHS. VII Slide 5 ANNUAL
REFRESHER TEACHERS TRAINING-2011 SUBJECT SPECIALIST : MRS.AKHTAR
BUKHARI DCW-VII EXTENSION SYNDICATE LEADER : MRS.GHAZALA FARHEEN
DMHS-VII PRESENTER : MRS.GHAZALA FARHEEN DMHS-VII Slide 6 MEANS OF
COMMUNICATION Slide 7 CONTENTS * TOPIC :(MEANS OF COMMUNICATION ) *
OBJECTIVES (LONG TERM & SHORT TERM) * INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY *
DESCRIPTION OF TOPICS (TELEPHONE,FAX COMPUTER,INTERNET,EMAIL,RADIO
& T.V * CONCLUSION * RESOURCES * Q/ANS SESSION Slide 8 LONG
TERM OBJECTIVE *. To implement 21 st century teaching approaches in
my class room to enhance students knowledge about social studies in
world perspective. Slide 9 SHORT TERM OBJECTIVES 1.To impart
knowledge about different means of communication like
Telephone,fax,computer,Radio,T.V,etc. 2. To make students
understand the importance and necessity of means of communication
in modern development. 3. To enable students to use these means of
Communication effectively for the transfer of information and
communication. Slide 10 INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY 1. LECTURE 2. GROUP
DISCUSSIONS 3. GROUP ASSIGNMENTS 4. PROJECTS Slide 11 What are
means of communication? The resources used for transfer of
information and exchange of messages are called means of
communication. The important means of communication are
telephone,computer,T.V,radio,internet, email, fax etc. Slide 12
Evolution of Means of Communication The history of communication
dates back to prehistory. Communication can range from very subtle
processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass
communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech
perhaps 200,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000
years ago, and writing about 7,000. On a much shorter scale, there
have been major developments in the field of telecommunication in
the past few centuries. Slide 13 TELEPHONE The telephone (from the
Greek: , tle,"far" and , phn, "voice"), often colloquially referred
to as a phone, is telecommunications device that transmits and
receives sound, most commonly the human voice. Telephones are a
point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to
allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each
other. It is one of the most common appliances in the developed
world, and has long been Indispensible to businesses, households
and Governments. Slide 14 A landline telephone is connected by a
pair of wires to the telephone network, while a mobile phone or
cell phone is portable and communicates with the telephone network
by radio. A cordless telephone has a portable handset which
communicates by radio with a base station connected by wire to the
telephone network, and can only be used within a limited range of
the base station. Slide 15 All telephones have a microphone to
speak into, an earphone which reproduces the voice of the other
person, a ringer which makes a sound to alert the owner when a call
is coming in, and a keypad (or in older phones a telephone dial or
no manual device) to enter the telephone number of the telephone
being called. The microphone and earphone are usually built into a
handset which is held up to the face to talk. Slide 16 HISTORY OF
THE TELEPHONE Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is
frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have
arisen from time to time. Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci,
Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas
Edison, among others, have all been credited with pioneering work
on the telephone. Slide 17 An undisputed fact is that Alexander
Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric
telephone by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
in March 1876. That first patent by Bell was the master patent of
the telephone, from which all other patents for electric telephone
devices and features flowed. Slide 18 IMPACT OF TELEPHONE The
telephone has made communication more efficient and faster since it
was first developed. There is no doubt that it has made a dramatic
impact on writing and teaching. The telephone has transformed
societies social behavior by changing the way we communicate with
each other. The telephone has fostered a whole host of new
inventions, both the cellular phone and the internet are a result
of the telephone system "The human voice carries too far as it is..
and now you fellows come along and seek to complicate matters...
MARK TWAIN Slide 19 FACSIMILE(FAX) TRANSMISSION Facsimile comes
from the Latin word Fac simile, which translates to make similar.
Traditional Facsimile systems are unique as They communicate image
Information, rather than audio or data. Edward Davy invented the
first practical facsimile machine in 1837, but abandoned the
invention shortly thereafter. Alexander Bain, a Scottish
clockmaker, revived the concept in 1846. Slide 20 FAX APPLICATIONS
* Facsimile technology has been designed to transmit documents like
letter, an invoice, a blue print, a photograph. * Numerous sales
oriented enterprises now rely heavily on fax broad cast systems, in
place of more traditional direct mail or other forms of mail. * Fax
Over IP(FOIP) can transmit and receive pre digitized documents at
near real time speed using TTU.T.recommendations T.38 to send
digitized images over an IP network. Slide 21 COMPUTER
(INTERNET,EMAIL ) A computer is a programmable machine designed to
sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic
or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be
changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind
of problem. Slide 22 HISTORY OF COMPUTER he first electronic
computers were developed in the mid-20th century (19401945).
Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much
power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Slide 23
INTERNET The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to
serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies. Slide 24 INTERNET APPLICATIONS * Most traditional
communications media including telephone, music, film, and
television are reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth
to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and
IPTV. * Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to
Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds
*The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human
interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social
networking. Slide 25 *Online shopping has boomed both for major
retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business
and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across
entire industries. Slide 26 WI-FI TECHNOLOGY Wi-Fi ( / wa fa / is a
branded standard for wirelessly electronic devices. A Wi-Fi device,
such as a personal computer, video game console, Smartphone, or
digital audio player can connect to the Internet via a wireless
network access point. An access point (or hotspot) has a range of
about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors.
Multiple overlapping access points can cover large areas. Slide 27
E-MAIL Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a
method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more
recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other
computer networks. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-
forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store
messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be
online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to
an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive
messages. Slide 28 EMAIL APPLICATIONS *E-mail traditionally has
been text oriented, but now it is often appended with binary,audio,
video and image files. * E-mail has become essential for the
conduct of business. * It is virtually universal, having found its
way in to wide spread consumer use through on line information
service, connected via the internet and mail gate ways, which serve
as protocol converters. Slide 29 RADIO Radio is the transmission of
signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies
below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by
means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the
air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by
systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated
waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. Slide
30 HISTORY OF RADIO In 1895, Marconi built a wireless system
capable of transmitting signals at long distances (1.5 mi./ 2.4
km). In radio transmission technology, early public experimenters
had made short distance broadcasts. Marconi achieved long range
signaling due to a wireless transmitting apparatus and a radio
receiver claimed by him. From Marconi's experiments, the phenomenon
that transmission range is proportional to the square of antenna
height is known as "Marconi's law". This formula represents a
physical law that radio devices use. Marconi's experimental
apparatus proved to be a complete, commercially successful radio
transmission system. Slide 31 USES OF RADIO * Today, radio takes
many forms, including wireless networks and mobile communications
of all types, as well as radio broadcasting * Commercial radio
broadcasts include not only news and music, but dramas, comedies,
variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment * TETRA,
Terrestrial Trunked Radio is a digital cell phone system for
military, police and ambulances. Commercial services such as XM,
World Space and Sirius offer encrypted digital Satellite radio.
Slide 32 TELEVISION Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium
for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be
monochromatic (shades of grey) or multicolored. Images are usually
accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a
television set, television programming, television transmission.
Slide 33 HISTORY OF TELEVISION Scottish inventor John Logie Baird
demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette images in London
in 1925, and of moving, monochromatic images in 1926. Baird's
scanning disk produced an image of 30 lines resolution, just enough
to discern a human face, from a double spiral of lenses.This
demonstration by Baird is generally agreed to be the world's first
true demonstration of television Slide 34 USES OF TELEVISION * It
makes it possible for us to see what is happening far away. In our
homes we watch on television, films or events taking place in other
cities, countries and other continents. * Television can be used to
teach uneducated people. we can present on TV educational
programmers of different categories. * Television motivates the
learners by attracting him/her and increases the interest in the
learning process Slide 35 CONCLUSION Modern means of communication
are very much important for social, commercial and economic
progress of the country. these means of communication have turned
the world in to a global village. this has spread scientific and
technological knowledge and promoted literacy all over the world.
Todays commerce and industry depend a lot on telephone, postal
service,radio,t.v,the internet etc. These means of communication
extend great help in expanding the internal and foreign trade.
Slide 36 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY * Illustrated Encyclopedia of
science(machines&inventions 1&2) * The copmuter age
1&2(illustrated encyclopedia of sceince and nature. *
Communications systems and networks by RAY HORAK * Social studies
for class viii by AKHGAR ANWAR AWAN Slide 37 REFERENCES * Social
studies for class viii SINDH TEXT BOARD,JAMSHORO * INTERET
(Google,yahoo,wikipedia) Slide 38 Slide 39
