96.Site Assesmnet Strategies

8/2/2019 96.Site Assesmnet Strategies

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www.windtest-nrw.de

WINDTEST Grevenbroich GmbH

Site Assessment Strategies: Basisfor successful Wind Park Projects

Eric Effern, WINDTEST Grevenbroich GmbH

German Renewable Energy Day

Global Windpower 2006, Adelaid, 19.09.2006


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2www.windtest-nrw.de

1. Overview of technically influencing Factors

SuccessfulWind Park

WindPotential

WindTurbine

ParkDesign

Grid

Connection

Environmental

Impact,Acceptance

NoiseEmission

ShadowCastTechnical

Start ofOperation

Service &Maintenance

TechnicalInspection

ParkOptimization


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2.1 Wind Potential: Objectives

General Characteristics

Windspeed as Annual Average

Turbulence Intensity

In several heights, e.g 30m, 50m hubheight


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Weibull Distribution

Wind Speed

RelativeF

requency


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Wind Energy Rose


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Wind Profile


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2.2 Wind Potential: Procedures

Calculation

Site Inspection Digital Model of Orography, Roughness

Minimum 10 km Radius, usually much more

Long Term correlated macroscopic Wind Data

+ Fast, low priced (< 5.000$)

- Uncertainties (5%..15%), especially in complex terrain, 2DModel


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Simulation

Site Inspection Digital Model of Orography, Roughness

Minimum 10 km Radius, usually much more

Long Term correlated macroscopic Wind Data

+ Fast, medium priced (5.000$ - 10.000$), 3D Model

+ High Resolution- Uncertainties (5%..10%), but better that calculation


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Measurement by Mast

Erection of Mast Sensors for Speed, Direction

Sensors for Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Rain

All in several height steps (2-4) Only with twice calibrated, high Quality Sensors (500$ - 2000$)

+ Accuracy (


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Mast Example

Height: 100 m

Sensors:

wind speed

wind directionair pressureair temperaturerain status

Steps: 3


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Measurement by SODAR

Installation of SODAR Measurement of Speed, Direction

Measurement of Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Rain

All in several heights (10m-200m)

+ Accuracy (


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SODAR

Principle offunction


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2.2 Wind Potential: Strategy

Calculation and Simulation for first Survey

Few Measurements in Hubheight with Masts, 1 Year Few Measurements up to Tip Height with Sodar, 1 Year

Several Measurements in low height, 1 YearCombined with moving SODAR Systems, 2 months

Costs


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Technical Data

Rated power: Standard 2 MW, prototypes up to 6 MW

Rotor diameter: standard 90 m, prototypes up to 120 m

Hub height: 80 m -120 m

Weight: 100 t -200 t nacelle + rotor, 250 t tower

Cost: Around 1 000 per installed kW

Parks with up to 100 WEC and 200 MW total P

3. Turbine Technology: State of the Art


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4. Grid Integration

Overwiev

Goals of Grid Managment:

Quality, Security, Cost Efficiency

Demand of electrical power varies over daytime and

over the year

Traditional Method:

base load, reserve system (hour, minute, second)

Renewable energy supply varies over daytime, overthe year and regional

Grid and Park Managment more sophisticated


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Day time

4.1 Power consumption over DayTime

powercon

sumption[

%]

Day Time

Base load

Peak load

Middle load


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4.1 Wind Power and PowerConsumption

Wind power

power consumption


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4.3 Grid Integration - Grid Codes

All large grid providers have launched grid connectionrules for wind parks on high voltage grids (>= 110 kV)

Grid codes for medium voltage grids will follow

Wind turbine behaviour in case of grid faults: Turbineshave to stay on the grid at distant short circuits,supporting the grid voltage

Wind turbines might have to provide or consume

reactive power, depending on the request of the gridprovider

Wind turbines might have to limit their output power incase of grid problems, depending on the request of the

grid provider Modern wind turbines fulfil the demands and are tested

and certified according to them


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5.1 Technical Inspection - Basics

Regular inspection of the turbines (after erection andevery 2 to 4 years)

According to the Germanischer Lloyd (GL) andrespectively the BWE guidelines (BWE is the Germanfederation of WEC operators, manufacturers etc.)

All safety and durability relevant components are

checked

Visual tests, functional tests, moment of torque (screwconnections), oil probation, document check

Benefit: Increase of Availability


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5.2 Technical inspection - Examples

Transformer station

Ladder


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5.2. Technical inspection - Examples

Gearbox

Cables


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Structure


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Bolts, fracture analysis


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5.2 Technical inspection - Examples

Blades


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5.3 Technical inspection - Vibration

analysis

Vibration analysis gives extra information about wear or

upcoming damages of the drive train Identification of damaged component possible

Avoiding secondary damages, e. g. whole gearbox

Optimised service and repair planning possible withminimum downtime of the turbine

One week downtime for 1.5 MW turbine means up to10000 $

Insurance might ask for regular inspections and vibrationanalysis, or otherwise the insurance contributions rises


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5.4 Technical Inspection - Specials

Thermography, endoscopy, lightning protection test, and

other special techniques

End of guarantee period: condition analysis of the turbine(drive train) costs 1000$ - 4000$. An exchange of thegearbox costs around 200,000 $. The tests might decide,

whether the operator has to pay for it or themanufacturer!


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5.4 Technical inspection - Thermography


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6. Park Optimization

Possible Reasons forunderperforming Parks

Site

Bad Site

Bad Wind Year

Inaccurate Site Assessment

Turbines

Qualified Turbine for this site

Operational Availability

Turbine Settings

Power Curve

Grid

Availability

Interferences


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Any Questions ?

Documents

96.Site Assesmnet Strategies