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8.2.1Origins of the Constitution
Content Objective
SWBAT identify the importance of the Magna Carta, the English Bill
of Rights and the Mayflower Compact
Language Objective
• SWBAT summarize the importance of the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact.
Magna Carta
• The Great Charter• King John of England
agreed to obey the same laws as citizens.
• Basically limits the power of the King.
English Bill of Rights
• Passed in 1689• Declared the supremacy
of Parliament.• The King or Queen could
not pass taxes or change laws without Parliament’s consent.
• Representatives had more power.
Mayflower Compact
• Agreed to make laws that were fair and good for everyone.
• The first attempt at self government in the English colonies.
8.2.7Principles of Government
U.S. Constitution
James Madison
Constitutional Convention
• Delegates from the 13 states met at Independence Hall in Philadelphia to create a working government.
Popular Sovereignty
• “WE THE PEOPLE”The people must give
the government power to rule.
The Constitution is a contract between the American people and their government.
Limited Government
• The government has only the powers that the people grant it
• The Constitution clearly states the powers of the national government.
Federalism
• The principle of Federalism divides power between the federal government and state governments.
• States can provide for the special needs and concerns of their citizens.
Separation of Powers
• The framers of the Constitution divided the power to prevent one person from abusing their power.
Checks and balances
• To prevent one branch of government from gaining too much power, each branch checks or controls the power of the other branches.
Federalist vs. Antifederalists
John Locke 1690
• Locke stated two important ideas in his Two Treatises on Government.
• First, all people have the right to life, liberty and property.
• Second, government is an agreement between the ruler and the ruled.
Montesquieu 1748
• Wrote The Spirit of the laws. In it he urged…
• Power of government be divided into three branches.
• Power of government clearly defined.
8.2.3Major Debates in the Creation of
the Constitution
Constitutional Issues
• The Great Compromise
• New Jersey Plan• Vs• Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
• Plan for small states.• Keep large states
from having too much power.
• Unicameral, one house, legislature.
• Each state equal vote
Virginia Plan
• Sovereignty to the central power.
• Bicameral, two house legislature
• Representatives chosen on basis of population.
• Larger states have more Representatives.
• Large states have more power.
House of Representatives
States are represented according to population. Larger states have more representation in the House.
Senate
• In the Senate all states have equal representation. Smaller states are equal to the large states.
Counting Slaves
• North and South divided on issue of counting slaves for representation purposes.
• 3/5 Compromise allowed slaves to be counted as 3/5 of a person.
Choosing an Executive
• Electors are chosen by each state to vote for the President and Vice-President.
• Each state has the same # of electors as it has Senators and Representatives.
Ratification of Constitution
• The Constitution was ratified with the understanding that a Bill of Rights would be added.
• The Constitution was finished September 17, 1787.