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Fizik Tingkatan 5 Subtopik 7.3

7.3 Litar Sesiri & Selari / Series & Parallel Circuit

Pengenalan / IntroductionLukiskan litar skema bagi gambar rajah litar di bawah.Draw a schematic circuit for the diagram below

Membuat perbandingan arus dan beza keupayaan bagi litar sesiri dan litar selariMaking comparison between current and potential difference for series circuit and

parallel circuit

Hak Cipta Terpelihara!"1#

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Litar Sesiri / Series Circuit Litar Selari / Parallel Circuit

Bacaan ammeter A adalah sama denganAdan A!.The ammeter A reading is the same with

A1dan A2.

A = A1= A2Maka"Therefore"

I $ I1$ I!

Bacaan ammeter A adalah sama dengan

A# A!.The ammeter A reading is A1+ A2.

A = A1+ A2Maka"Therefore"

I $ I1% I!

Bacaan $%ltmeter A adalah sama dengan

&!.The voltmeter V reading is V1+ V2.

V = V1+ V2

Bacaan $%ltmeter A adalah sama dengan

&dan &!.The voltmeter V reading is V1and V2.

V = V1= V2

Arus dan Beza Keupayaan bagi Litar Sesiri dan Litar SelariCurrent Flow and Potential i!eren"e in Series and Parallel Cir"uit


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Litar Sesiri / Series Circuit Litar Selari / Parallel Circuit

Arus yang sama mengalir dalam setiap

perintang.

The current flows through each bulbresistoris the same

I = I1= I2= I3

Arus" ' adalah hasil tambah 'dan '!.

The current in the circuit e!uals to the sumof the currents passing through the bulbs resistors in its parallel branches.

I =I1+ I2+ I3Beza keupayaan" & adalah hasil tambah

&dan &!.

The potential difference supplied b" the dr"cells is shared b" all the bulbs resistors.

V = V1+ V2+ V3

Beza keupayaan yang sama untuk setiap

perintang.

The potential difference is the same acrosseach bulbresistor

V = V1= V2= V3

(ika kita mengikut )ukum *hm kepadakesemua ment%l/perintang" kita akan dapat#f $hm s law is applied separatel" to eachbulb resistor% we get &

& + V1+ V2+ V3', +IR1+ IR2+ IR3

(ika kita membahagi setiap seebutan dalam

persamaan di atas denganI" kita akan

mendapat perintang e-ekti-"

#f each term in the e!uation is divided b" #%we get the effective resistance

R =R1+ R2+ + R3

(ika kita mengikut )ukum *hm kepadakesemua ment%l/perintang" kita akan dapat#f $hm s law is applied separatel" to eachbulb resistor% we get &

' + '# '!# '

!

R R R R= + +

(ika kita membahagi setiap seebutan dalam

persamaan di atas dengan V" kita akan

mendapat perintang e-ekti-"

#f each term in the e!uation is divided b" V%we get the effective resistance

! .

R R R R= + +

(ika satu ment%l r%sak" ment%lment%l (ika satu ment%l r%sak" ment%lment%l


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lain dalam litar sesiri tidak akan bernyala.

'hen a bulb in a series circuit has blown up%the other bulb would not be able to light up

lain dalam litar selari akan terus bernyala.

'hen a bulb in a parallel circuit has blownup the other bulb would still be able to lightup.

0ecerahan semua ment%l dalam litar sesiri adalah sama tetapi lebih malap berbanding litar selari.0ecerahan semua ment%l dalam litar selari adalah sama tetapi lebih cerah berbanding litar sesiri.

The bulbs in parallel circuit light up brighter as compared to the bulbs in series circuit. #nparallel circuit% the voltage across each bulb is higher as compared to the voltage of each bulbin series circuit. The bulb lights up brighter indicates that the current that passes through it islarger.

0enalpasti sama ada litar sesiri atau litar selari

Bacaan Ammeter + Arus


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Bacaan &%ltmeter + Beza keupayaan + &%ltan

Perintang e-ekti-" ,


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Menentukan rintangan berkesan, R dalam litar sesiri, litar selari dan litargabungan serta menyelesaikan masalah melibatkan V = IR.Solve problems involving current, potential diference andresistance in series circuits, parallel circuits and their combinations.


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1. S%alan 0elantan !221

&iagra' 3.1 (ho)( photograph o* an electric circuit. The circuit contain( *ouridentical

bulb( connected to *our identical ne) dr+ cell(Rajah 3. 1 menunjukkan forograf bagi satu litar elektrik. Litar itu mengandungi empatmentol serupa disambung kepada empat sel kering baru yang serupa.

,a- hat i( the t+pe o* the circuit Apakah jenis litar elektrik tersebut

.........................................................................................................................

01 marks0 1 markah

,b- &ra) an electric circuit diagra' *or the abo2e arrange'ent o*apparatu( u(ing

appropriate (+'bol(.Lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi susunan radas diatas dengan menggunakansimbol!simbol yang sesuai.


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0! marks0 ! markah

S%alan 3 SBP !223

4iagram 1. and 4iagram 1.! sh%ws three identical -ilament bulbs marked 5&" !6 arranged

in tw% di--erent ways and c%nnected t% a battery 5 & .Rajah ".1 dan Rajah ".2 menunjukkan tiga mentol filamen yang serupa berlabel #V$12%disusun dengan dua &ara berbe'a dan disambungkan kepada bateri # V.


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SECTION B ESSAY

&iagra' 1".1 and &iagra' 1".! (ho) t)o identical re(i(tor( )hich ha(re(i(tance R connected to the a''eter( 2olt'eter( ()itche( and batterie( )ithdi4erent )a+(.

Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan dua perintang serupa yangmempunyai rintangan R disambungkan kepada ammeter, voltmeter, suisdan bateri dengan cara yang berbeza.

&I68 1".1 &I68 1".!

hen the ()itch i( on the a''eter( and the 2olt'eter( (ho) a reading.Apabila suis dihidupkan, ammeter dan voltmeter menunjukkan bacaan.

,a- hat i( 'eant b+ currentApakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus 01 mark

ANSWER : The rate o charge o!s.

,b- ith re*erence to &iagra' 1".1 and &iagra' 1".! co'pare the t+pe o*circuit connection( the reading o* a''eter( the reading o* 2olt'eter( andthe e4ecti2e re(i(tance o* the circuit(.

elate the current 9o)( in a circuit )ith the e4ecti2e re(i(tance to 'ake

a deduction regarding the relation(hip bet)een t+pe o* a circuitconnection and the e4ecti2e re(i(tance.

!erujuk kepada Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan jenis sambunganlitar,bacaan ammeter, bacaan voltmeter dan rintangan berkesan bagilitar"litar.


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#ubungkaitkan arus yang mengalir dalam litar dengan rintanganberkesan untuk membuat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara jenissambungan litar dengan rintangan berkesan.

0# marks

ANSWER :

1 State the correct comparison o the t"pe o circuit connection&iagra' 1".1 connected in (erie( and &iagra' 1".! connected in

parallel.2 State the correct comparison o the ammeters reading The reading o* a''eter in &iagra' 1".! i( greater than in &iagra'1".1.# State the correct comparison o the voltmeters readings The reading o* 2olt'eter in &iagra' 1".1 : &iagra' 1".!.

$ State the correct comparison o the efective resistanceThe e4ecti2e re(i(tance in &iagra' 1".! ; &iagra' 1".1.% State the correct relation bet!een the efective resistance and

the current o!s

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Rajah 10.& menunjukkan lampu"lampu di dalam litar pencahayaan rumahyang disambung secara selari

The circuit i( not co'plete and not e?cient *or electrical energ+ con(u'ing and le(((a*et+.

Sugge(t 'odi@cation( that need to be done to the circuit to i'pro2e (a*et+produce the la'p( light( up )ith nor'al brightne(( and to increa(e( thee?cienc+ o* electrical energ+ con(u'ing.

'itar ini tidak lengkap dan tidak cekap bagi penggunaan tenaga elektrik sertakurang selamat.

(adangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan kepada litar ini untukmeningkatkan keselamatan, menghasilkan lampu yang menyala dengankecerahan normal dan meningkatkan kecekapan penggunaan tenaga elektrik.

01" marks

ANSWER :

Modification Reason

State the correct e#tra device attached and correct reason

ttach one *u(e to the li2e )ire in the

con(u'er unit/ *u(e bo>.

To break/()itch o4 the circuit )hen

large current be*ore the )ire beco'e

hotter and produce @re.

State the correct choosing o !ire$cable and correct reason

A(ing the in(ulating )ire( // thicker )ire( To pre2ent (hort circuit // To reduce

re(i(tance i'pro2e e?cienc+.

State the correct ad%ustment o each lamp and the correct reason

ttach ()itch *or each la'p. To allo)( each la'p to be ()itched on

and o4 independentl+.


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State the correct modi&cation o connection o metal &tting lamp and give

the correct reason

Connect the 'etal @tting la'p to the

earth )ire/cable.

To 9o)( electron ,e>tra- to earth to a2oid

lethal (hock.

State the correct using o bulbs and give the correctreason

A(ing onl+ !B" light bulb. To en(ure the bulb( light up )ith nor'al

brightne((.


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7.3 (Repaired)