4G Seminar

7/31/2019 4G Seminar

1/34


2/34

4th

GenerationMobile NetworksAn OverviewPresented by,

Syed Ali Nauman Gilani


3/34

1 Evolution to 4G - Background

2 Introduction

3 Technologies and Architecture

4 Scenarios

5 Services and Applications


4/34

Evolution to 4GBackgroundMobile Wireless Telephone

Systems Generations


5/34

0th Generation

No Cells (One cell with radius of hundreds of KM)

Introduced in 1946

Transceivers were big and only carried by vehicles

Inefficient way of Spectrum usage No SDM or TDM

Manual call switching

IMPROVEMENTS in MTS leads to :-IMPROVEMENTS in MTS leads to :-

IMTS Improved MTS

Better channel utilization more channels then MTS

Automatic switching


6/34

1st Generation

Introduced in late 1970s

Cellular Architecture (Space Division Multiplexing)

Small handheld Terminals not so power efficient

Analog communication.

Limited data connectivity (SMS).

Circuit switched.

Suffers the draw back of Analog communication.

Spectrum Inefficiency

Inferior call quality

No use of Encryption

Examples: (Different Countries Adopted Different Standards)

AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System)

NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony)


7/34

2nd Generation


Digital communication.

Limited data connectivity (SMS).

Circuit switched.

Advantages of Digital communication.

Encryption

Use of error correction

Efficient use of spectrum and power control

Good voice quality

Example: (Region vise standards)

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , Digital AMPS

IS 54 - 95 (Interim Standard 54 and 95)


8/34

2.5th Generation

Data connectivity with internet access.

Packet switching overlaid on circuit switched technology.

Data rates 14.4 Kbps to 115 Kbps

Examples:

GPRS (General Packet Radio System)

HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)

CDMA TWO (IS-95B)


9/34

3rd Generation


Digital communication.

High Data connectivity (60 to 500 Kbps).

Circuit switched and Packet switched.

Advantages:

Supports Symmetric and Asymmetric Traffic

High performance Multimedia Traffic supported

Support of running several services on same terminal

Ability to create a personalized set of services via Virtual Home Environment)

Example: (Almost Universal Standard)

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)

Standards and Radio Interfaces in UMTS:-

W-CDMA , CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, UWC, EDGE, DECT


10/34

3.5th Generation

3rd Generation + Interactivity = 3.5th Generation

Supports IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)

Data rates more than 1 Mbps

Examples: (3GPP and 3GPP2)

WiMAX ( Wireless Microwave Access )

HSDPA( High Speed Data Packet Access )


11/34

Evolution Path TimeLine 1G to 4G


12/34

Evolution Path 1G to 4G contd


13/34

Videos

Ericsson IMS

Ericsson IMS Demo
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS.flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS%20Demo%20(Ericssson%20AB).flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS%20Demo%20(Ericssson%20AB).flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS.flv


14/34

Introduction to 4thGeneration


15/34

Note These Important Points!

New Generations are coming in the time period of 10 years so 4G

is expected to be deployed in 2010.1

2

3

Work on Next Generation starts with the Deployment of

previous Generation.

4th Generation integrates the evolution of Mobile Telephony and

Data Networks and is the Part ofNGNs (Next Generation

Networks)

4Advancements and Evolution in Generations depends on

Technological Advancements andRequirements and Needs of

Users. All these factors collectively set the TRENDS.


16/34

Explaining Point 3


17/34

Defining 4th Generation

4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems andnetwork of networks.

Convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumerelectronics, communication technology, and several other convergences.

Capability of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and

indoor environments. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site)

Guarantees on end-to-end quality of service.

Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks

Seamless connectivity and globalroaming across multiple networks

High security, High Processing with efficient Power Control system

Services at Anytime, Anywhere basis (Ubiquitous).

Affordable cost and one billing for all services.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiency


18/34

From user driven perspective, the user has freedom and flexibility to select the service, atFrom user driven perspective, the user has freedom and flexibility to select the service, ata reasonable QoS and price, anytime, anywherea reasonable QoS and price, anytime, anywhere

Reconfigurability: Next-generation wireless network interfaces need to be able to switchReconfigurability: Next-generation wireless network interfaces need to be able to switch

seamlessly between different communications standards, in order to provide the mostseamlessly between different communications standards, in order to provide the mostsuitable level of service while the user moves across different environments.suitable level of service while the user moves across different environments.

Convergence is what 4G is aboutConvergence is what 4G is about

Fixed, Celluar phone systems, WPANs,WLANs ,Broadcasting/Satellite CommunicationFixed, Celluar phone systems, WPANs,WLANs ,Broadcasting/Satellite Communication

Hierarchy of wireless networks: 4G will consist of a hierarchy of quality/bandwidth modesHierarchy of wireless networks: 4G will consist of a hierarchy of quality/bandwidth modes


19/34

Candidate

Architectures and

Technologies


20/34

4G Conceptual4G Conceptual

ArchitectureArchitecture


21/34

Architecture

latency, packet lossand signaling overheadexperienced duringhandoff


22/34

4G Provides Mobility & Capacity4G Provides Mobility & Capacity


23/34

LTE - Long Term Evolution

LTE targets requirements of next generation networks including downlink peak rates of at least100Mbit/s, 50 Mbit/s

In the uplink and RAN (Radio Access Network) round-trip times of less than 10ms.

LTE supports flexible carrier bandwidths, from 1.4MHz up to 20MHz as well as both

FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex).

The goals for LTE include improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services,

making use of new spectrum and reframed spectrum opportunities, and better integration with

other open standards.

The architecture that will result from this work is called EPS (Evolved Packet System) and

comprises E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRANUMTS Terristrial Radio Acces Network) on the access

side and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) on the core side.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRAN


24/34

Long Term Evolution contd

EPC is also known as SAE (System Architecture Evolution) and E-UTRAN is also known as LTE.

The main advantages with LTE are high throughput, low latency,

plug and play from day one, FDD and TDD in the same platform,

superior end-user experience and simple architecture resulting in low

Operating Expenditures (OPEX).

LTE will also support seamless connection to existing networks,

such as GSM, CDMA and WCDMA. However LTE requires acompletely new RAN and core network deployment and is not

backward compatible with existing UMTS systems.


25/34

Multi Carrier Modulation Techniques

OFDM (Orthogonal Division Multiplexing)

To mitigate the problems in air interface.

To increase the Data rates by removing

Multipath Fading

Inter Symbol Interference


26/34

Design Goals for4G and Beyondand Related

Research Issues


27/34

System Interoperability

Multimode Terminals

Terminal Bandwidth and Battery Life

Packet-Switch Fixed Network

Varying Quality of Bandwidth for Wireless Access

Distribution Layer

Cellular Layer

Hot-Spot Layer

Personal Network Layer

Fixed Layer Advanced Base Stations

Higher Data Rates


28/34

4G Services and Applications

Tele-Presence

Information Access

Inter-Machine Communication

Intelligent Shopping

Security

Location-Based Services


29/34

Trends for NGNWirelessNetworks:

Scenarios


30/34

Scenarios: Visions of Future

Trends for Next-Generation WirelessNetworks Globalization of Products, Services

andCompanies Communicating Appliances Services become more

Independent of theUnderline Infrastructure

Information Trading/Overflow Standardization Diversification


31/34

Scenario 1: Anything Goes

This Scenario has the following characteristics:

High Development Rate of Telecommunications.

Transparent Access to the Network.

Manufacturing Companies Have a Strong Market Power. Large Number ofde facto Standards.

Generic Hardware Equipment will run Software Enabling

Specialized Services.

Self-Configuring Systems.


32/34

Scenario 2: Big Brother


Privacy is the First Priority.

Governmental Organizations Ensure Privacy.Limited Telecommunications Market.

Low Development Rate of Telecommunications.

Very Few Operators.


33/34

Scenario 3: Pocket Computing


Social and Political Differences.

Existence of Highly Differentiated Service andPricing Categories.

Service Providers offering Specialized Services

also provide equipment for specialized Purposes.


34/34

Documents

4G Seminar