4g Mobille Technology

8/3/2019 4g Mobille Technology

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4G Wireless

Networks

Anand engineering college

Prepared by

Suraj tripathi



Outline

Introduction

What is 4G?

What's New in 4G?

3G vs. 4G

4G Network Features

How 4G works

Challenges

Summary



What is 4G?

A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.

Called "3G and Beyond".

Enables seamless roaming between technologies.

Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.

NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.



What's New in 4G?

Entirely packet-switched networks.

All network elements are digital.

Higher bandwidths to provide multimediaservices at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).

Tight network security.



Features of 4G Networks

4G networks are all-IP(Internet Protocol) basedheterogeneous networks

This will allow users to:

Select any system atany time and anywhere

Use Multiple systemsat the same time (e.g.GPS and WLANs andCDMA)

A wide range ofapplications using onlyone 4G integrated terminal



Features of 4G Networks (cont.)

Support interactive multimedia services:teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

Global mobility and service portability.

Low cost.

Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).



3G (including 2.5G) 4G

Major Requirement DrivingArchitecture Predominantly voice driven -data was always add on Converged data and voice over IP

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or

continent (1800-2400 MHz)

Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi CarrierCDMA)

Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding schemeComponent Design Optimized antenna design,

multi-band adaptersmulti-band adapters SmarterAntennas, software multiband andwideband radios

IP A number of air link protocols,including IP 5.0

All IP (IP6.0)

3G vs. 4G



How 4G works (working principle)

The IP address is based on IPv6.

IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9

IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

example:

216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120

home

address

care-of

address

mobile IP

address

local network

address



IPv4 vs. IPv6

IPv4 IPv6

Structure 32 bits 128 bitsSecurity Poor security Enhance security

Function Addressing1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-in

2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)



HAPS

Services

Content

GSM

UMTS

WLANBluetooth

Satellite

Wireline or WirelessNetworks(Internet)

Very widearea

Wide area Metropolitan area Local areaPersonal

area

Direct SequenceFrequencyHopping

WCDMATD-CDMA

TDMAFDD

OFDMTDD

OFDM Unspecified

ADSL

The 4G mobile network(s)

Home Add.

Mobile IP Add.Care-of Add.

Care-of Add.



4G Systems Challenges

To migrate current systems to 4G with the featuresmentioned previously, researchers are facing a numberof challenges

These challenges are grouped into the followingdifferent aspects:

Accessing Different Networks:

Multimode Devices

Overlay Network

Terminal Mobility

Location Management

Handoff Management



One of the most challenging problems facingdeployment of 4G technology is how to access

several and different mobile and wirelessnetworks

There are two possible architectures

Multimode Devices

Overlay Network

4G Wireless Networks Challenges

First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks



A single physical terminal withmultiple interfaces to access thedifferent wireless networks

Advantages:

Improve call completion

Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case of

network, link or switch failure

Disadvantages:

Complexity in the hardware ofthe device

Handoff Mechanism:

Performed by the user, device or

network

First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks1. Multimode Devices Architecture



A user accesses an overlay network

consisting of several UAPs UAPs Functions:

Select a wireless network basedon availability and user choices

Store IPs of user, network and

devices Advantages:

Simplify hardware of device

Supports single billing

Disadvantages:

More network devices Handoff Mechanism between UAPs:

Performed by overlay network ratherthan the user or device

First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks2. Overlay Network Architecture



4G Wireless Networks Challenges

Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility

In order to provide wireless services at any timeand anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4Ginfrastructure

Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roamacross geographical boundaries of the wirelessnetworks

There are two main issues in terminal mobility: location management

handoff management



The system tracks and locates a mobileterminal for possible connection

Location management involves handing allthe information about Roaming terminals such as original and current

location cells

Authentication information QoS capabilities

Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility 1. Location Management



Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility2. Handoff Management

Maintain ongoing communication when the terminal roams

IP changes during handoff :

216.37.129.9,

home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address

79.23.178.229,

IPv6 within the same cell:

65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120



Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility2. Handoff Management

216.37.129.9,

home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address

79.23.178.229,

IPv6 when the terminal roams to another cell:

65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120



• Horizontal handoff is

performed when the terminal

moves from one cell to anotherwithin the same wirelesssystem.

• Vertical handoff is performed

when the terminal movesbetween two different wirelesssystems (e.g., from WLAN toGSM) .

Handoff Management (cont.)

Handoff Management Challenges



Vertical & Horizontal handoff will increase

System load (increasing control packets)

Packet lossesHandover latency

Hard correct handoff time: because measuring

handoffs is done among different wirelesssystems

Challenges in Handoff Management



Summary & conclusion

The key concept behind 4G systems isintegrating their capacities with all of the existingmobile technologies through advanced

technologies

The IP address system used in 4G is based onthe new technology IPv6.

4G networks is still in the development stage,and in order to utilize their new features toomany challenges must be overcome



Thank you

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4g Mobille Technology