2oth Century China1908 - Today

The Creation of the Chinese Republic

• Kuomintang: Nationalist movement formed China into a republic. – When Ci Xi (Hsu – Tsi)

(Empress Dowager) died (1908), a three-yr old boy (Pu-Yi) inherited the throne.

– Peasants, students, warlords, and politicians toppled dynasty. Yixian took power. (1911)

– Yuan Shikai – Runs Republic until 1916.

– Corrupt Republic 1916 – 1926.* 1919 May Fourth Movement

– The Emperor was imprisoned within the Forbidden City.

• Sun Yixian (Yat-sen): spokesperson for Kuomintang.

The Forbidden City

The Creation of the Chinese Republic

con’t • Jiang Jieshi (Chiang

Kai-shek): After Sun Yixian died, Jieshi took over in 1925. – He crushed warlords

and slaughtered communist party members.

– Civil war broke out and lasted the for the next 22 years.

The Chinese Civil War: 1926-1949

• Mao Zedong- One of the survivors of Jieshi’s attacks, led the communist forces.

• **The Long March– 100,000 communist troops fled

Jieshi’s “extermination campaigns” for 6,000 miles only 20,000 survived.

Relations During WWII: – The Nationalists and Communists

joined together to fight the Japanese outside Beijing on July 7, 1937.

FOLLOWING THE WAR: - Mao’s forces gain popularity & take Beijing in 1949.

The People’s Republic of China• The Communists seize

control October 1, 1949. – Mao Zedong set up the

People’s Republic of China.

– Jiang Jieshi and his supporters fled to Taiwan.

– Today, Taiwan is still a democratic nation, while mainland China is Communist.

The Great Leap Forward1958 - 1961

What was it, according to the propaganda?

The Cultural Revolution1966 - 1968

What was it? What can we learn fromthe propaganda?

What is a cult of personality? Whatother totalitarian leaders had a cult of personality?

The Red Guards

The “Lost Generation”

China

Reform and Reaction

China and the West

• Mao and Zhou Enlai, look West– 1972, Nixon meets with Mao and Zhou– Agree to exchange culture, limited trade– 1979, US and China establish diplomatic relations

• Economic Reform– 1980 Deng Xiaoping emerges as Chinese leader– Four Modernizations

• Agriculture, industry, defense, science and technology

Massacre in Tiananmen Square

• June 4th, 1989– Students demand

democracy• Martial law attacked

and killed hundreds

– Stamping out Protest

Images from the Tiananmen Square Uprising1989

Marches, hunger strikes, sit-ins, and more, for democratic change.

Lady of Liberty sculpture, facing Mao.

Tanks roll in.

Clearing the square, as the world watches.

Order restored, but at what cost?

Transfer of Hong Kong

• Great Britain hands over Hong Kong to China in 1997– Ending 155 years of

colonial rule

Beyond 2000

• What is China like right now???

• Is there a growing need for democracy???

• What are Chinese-US relations like???