2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 2

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system

Essential questions What are the functions of the respiratory system? What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system

treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as

it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the

respiratory system?

Functions of the Respiratory SystemUpper Respiratory System

Nose Sinuses Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx

Lower Respiratory System Trachea Lungs

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 3

Discuss the Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures Nose: air enters here Sinuses: warms/moistens air Pharynx: throat Epiglottis: flap that closes while eating

to prevent food from entering larynx Larynx: voicebox Trachea: Windpipe

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 4

Discuss the Functions of the Lower Respiratory System StructuresTrachea

Bronchi: separate from trachea into a right and left Bronchial tubes: bronchial trees Bronchioles: made of smooth muscle Alveoli: made of epithelial tissue (covered in surfactant—

fatty substance that prevents alveoli collapse)

Lungs Pleura: thin moist membrane covers lungs Mediastinum: space in between 2 layers of pleura Diaphragm: allows expansion of chest during respiration

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 5

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 6

Functions of the Respiratory System

Discuss the functions of the respiratory system.

What is the relevance to your health?

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 7

Breathing

Discuss the process of breathing.External respirations: exchange of o2 and CO2 between lungs and outside environmentInternal respiration: CO2 and O2 exchange at the cellular level

Inhalation

Exhalation

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 8

Breathing1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration

How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 9

Control of breathing

Neural Factors Explain the role of the

Medulla Oblongata

Regulates inspiration and expiration through 2 centers

What does the Phrenic Nerve do?

Leads to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 10

Control of breathing Chemical Factors

What are the chemical factors involved in breathing?

As blood circulates if there is too much CO2 the respiratory senses recognize there is excess and will increase RR to compensate

Compare to NEURAL FACTORS.

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 11

Respiratory Movements

Compare respiratory movements.

Coughing : clear lower respiratory tract

Hiccups: diaphragm spasm

Sneezing : clear upper respiratory tract

Yawning: body needs increased O2 in the blood

Why do they occur?

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 12

Types of breathing

Apnea: no breathing Dyspnea: difficult, labored, painful breathing Eupnea: normal, easy breathing (quiet) Hyperpnea: increase depth and rate of breathing Orthopnea: difficult or labored breathing when

lying flat Tachypnea: rapid and shallow breathing Hyperventilation: rapid breathing causing body to

lose CO2 too quickly (dizziness and fainting)

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 13

Lung capacity and volume Tidal volume: amount of air moves in &

out of lungs with each breath (500mL) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):

amount of air you can force a person to take over & above the tidal volume (2100-3000mL)

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): amount of air a person can exhale above the tidal volume (1000mL)

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 14

Lung capacity and volume Vital lung capacity:

TV+IRV+ERV=4500mL Residual volume: amount of air

that cannot be voluntarily expelled from the lungs (allows for continuous exchange of gases between breaths=1500mL)

Functional residual capacity: ERV+residual volume= 2500mL

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 15

Lung capacity and volume

Total lung capacity Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve Expiratory reserve Residual air

Sample

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 16

Respiratory disorders Asthma

What is asthma? Airway becomes obstructed because of an inflammatory response to a stimuli

Who most likely has it? Allergen or psychological stress

Symptoms: exhaling, wheezing, dyspnea & tightness in chest

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 17

Respiratory disorders Bronchitis: inflammation of

mucous membrane of trachea and bronchial tubes that causes excess mucus

What is bronchitis? Acute: spreading inflammation

from nasopharynx or inhalation of irritants (cough, fever, substernal pain and rales—raspy sound)

Chronic: mid-old age (severe and persistent cough with large mounts of discolored sputum)

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 18

Respiratory disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema, and

asthmatic bronchitis Obstruction of airflow

SMOKING!!!!!

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 19

Respiratory disorders COMMON COLD

What is it? Runny nose, cough, sneezing, stuffy head, sore throat

What causes it? Hundreds of different strains of viruses

Hand-washing – best preventative measure

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 20

Respiratory disorders EmphysemaWhat is emphysema?Alveoli become overdilated,

loses elasticity, and cannot rebound—alveoli rupture, air becomes trapped there and is difficult to exhale, reduce exchange of O2 and CO2

Who is most likely to have it?SmokersHow is it treated? Alleviate

symptoms (supplemental O2)

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 21

Respiratory disorders InfluenzaDiscuss the

symptoms of influenza.

FEVER, muscle pain/fatigue, and mucus discharge from nose and cough

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 22

Respiratory disorders Pneumonia

• Viral or bacteria• Alveoli filled with thick

fluid that has pus and RBC’s

• Symptoms: chest pain, fever, chills, and dyspnea

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 23

Respiratory disorders Pneumothorax: air in the chest cavity

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 24

Respiratory disorders

Sinusitis: infection in the sinus cavity

Many cavities may be infected Pain and nasal discharge are

main symptoms Use a humidifier, drink plenty of

fluids, warm moist cloth to face several times a day

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 25

Respiratory disorders Tuberculosis

• Causes lesions in lungs• Cases had been steadily

decreasing until recent years due to increase homeless, AIDS & illegal immigrants

• Treat with INH

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 26

Relevance of nutrients to the respiratory system The respiratory

system plays a vital role in homeostasis Discuss the relevance

to your health.

What is the relevance to the body’s use of nutrients?

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

system 27

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system

Essential questions What are the functions of the respiratory system? What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system

treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as

it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the

respiratory system?