1.MX1002-PAS-Wk7-RSThe only place wheresuccess comes beforework is in a dictionary!Vidal Sassoon

2. MX1002-PAS-Wk7-RSPathophysiologyRespiratory SystemDr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar.Associate Professor & Head of Pathology 3. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyIntroduction to Resp. Sys: 10,000L/day of air filtered, moistened,warmed, O2/Co2. exchanged.! Full capacity 6L. (500ml at rest) Sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis* URI Pneumonia: Inflammation of lung * LRI Chronic: COPD, Fibrosis Smoking. Commonest internal Cancer. Respiratory tract inflammations -commonest in medical practice. Enormous morbidity & mortality. Important medical learning. Doctors daily bread.! 4. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyNormal Lung 5. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyRespiration Respiratory system:5 6. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyRespiration Respiratory system:6 7. Normal Lung 8. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyAlveolar Gas Exchange:8Co2O2 9. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyLung Function testing:9Expiration0 ------- Volume ---------------6LInspiration 10. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyLung Function Testing: Total Lung Capacity (TLC) 6L male/4.7L fem. Tidal Volume (TV) 500 / 390ml Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 4.8L / 3.7L Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Sec - FEV1 FEV1/FVC (FEV1%) - 7580% normal.1. In Obstructive diseases (COPD) FEV1 low& FVC high. So FEV1/FVC is low ( breastcancer. 90% of lung cancers are related tosmoking..! (passive smoking in 5%) Mutagen sensitive genotype : P-450enzyme Poor prognosis ~ 5% 5y survival *46 47. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyLung Cancer Incidence:47 48. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyLung Cancer & Smoking: Proportional to duration, amount & quality of smoking &deep inhaling. 90% are smokers and 10% are non smokers 20 fold risk if >40cigarettes per day >100 fold combined with Asbestos, coal, radon, etc. Atypical cells in sputum in 96.7% of smokers - 0.9% in nonsmokers. Smoke has several irritants & carcinogens. Initiators Benzo[o]pyrenes Promoters Phenol derivatives Radioactive substances Polonium, C14, K4048 49. PAS-Respiratory PathophysiologyLung tumors Classification: Benign tumours rare (Adenoma, Hamartoma) Malignant (common): Bronchogenic Carcinoma: (95%) Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor (5%) Other Tumors (