Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2.06 Understand the functions
and disorders of the respiratory
system
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 2
2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
Functions of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory System Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory System Trachea
Lungs
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 3
Discuss the Functions of the
Upper Respiratory System Structures
Nose
Sinuses- warm and moisten air
Pharynx- common passageway for air and
food
Epiglottis- Flap of cartilage allows air to pass through and closes during swallowing.
Larynx- Voice box
Trachea- Windpipe
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 4
Discuss the Functions of the
Lower Respiratory System Structures
Trachea Bronchi
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs Pleura
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 5
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 6
Functions of the Respiratory System
Discuss the functions of
the respiratory system.
What is the relevance to
your health?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 7
Breathing
Discuss the process of
breathing.
External respiration- Breathing or ventilation
Internal respiration- The exchange of CO2 and O2 between the cells and lymph surrounding them
Inhalation
Exhalation
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 8
Breathing
1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?
14-20
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 9
Control of breathing
Neural Factors Explain the role of the
Medulla Oblongata- The
respiratory center is located
here.
What does the Phrenic
Nerve do? It is a nerve that
controls the diaphragm
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 10
Control of breathing
Chemical Factors What are the chemical
factors involved in
breathing?
Respiration is dependent on
the level of carbon dioxide in
the blood.
Compare to NEURAL FACTORS. An increase in CO2 or lack of
CO2 will trigger the respiratory
center in the medulla
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 11
Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory movements.
Coughing - clear the respiratory tract
Hiccups – Caused by a spasm of the diaphragm
and spasmodic closure of the glottis. Perhaps due to irritation of the diaphragm.
Sneezing – Done to clear the upper respiratory
tract.
Yawning – Believed to be caused by the need to
increase O2 in the blood.
Why do they occur?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 12
Types of breathing Apnea-
No breathing
Dyspnea- difficult breathing
Eupnea-
Normal breathing
Hyperpnea-
fast breathing
Orthopnea-
difficult breathing while in a horizontal position.
Tachypnea-
abnormal rapid and shallow breathing
Hyperventilation-
rapid breathing which causes the body to lose CO2 too quickly.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 13
Lung capacity and volume
Tidal volume- The amount of air that moves in and out of the
lungs with each breath.
Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV)- The amount of air you can force a person to
take in , over and above the tidal volume.
Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV)- The amount of air you can force a person to
exhale over and above the tidal volume.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 14
Lung capacity and volume
Vital lung capacity- The total amount of air involved with tidal volume,
inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve
volume.
Residual volume- The amount of air that cannot be voluntarily
expelled from the lungs.
Functional residual capacity- The sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus the
residual volume.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 15
Lung capacity and volume
Total lung capacity
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve
Expiratory reserve
Residual air
Sample
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 16
Respiratory disorders
Asthma
What is asthma?
A disease in which the airway
becomes obstructed due to an
inflammatory response to stimuli.
Who most likely has it?
5 % of the American population have
asthma.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 17
Respiratory disorders
Bronchitis Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the trachea and
bronchial tubes
Acute- Caused by the spreading of
inflammation from the nasopharynx
Chronic- Can be caused by cigarette
smoking.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 18
Respiratory disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- A disease that is characterized by obstruction to a patient’s airflow that interferes with
normal breathing.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 19
Respiratory disorders
COMMON COLD
What is it? What causes it?
Highly contagious, usually caused
by a virus.
Hand-washing – best preventative measure
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 20
Respiratory disorders
Emphysema When the alveoli of the lung become overdilated, lose their elasticity and cannot rebound.
The patient will have dyspnea that becomes more severe as the disease progresses.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 21
Respiratory disorders
Influenza- Caused by a virus
Symptoms as shown
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 22
Respiratory disorders
Pneumonia- An infection of the lung. Caused by a bacteria or virus
Alveoli become filled with thick fluid
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 23
Respiratory disorders
Sinusitis- Infection of the mucous
membrane which lines the sinus cavities
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 24
Respiratory disorders
Tuberculosis- An infectious contagious disease of the lungs caused by a bacteria.
Symptoms are cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss and night sweats.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 25
Relevance of nutrients to
the respiratory system
The respiratory
system plays a vital
role in homeostasis
Discuss the relevance
to your health.
What is the relevance
to the body’s use of
nutrients?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 26
2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
