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Volt/VAR Control as Part of an Integrated Distribution Management System
(Central Control) G. Larry Clark
Principal Engineer – Power Delivery Alabama Power Company, A Southern Company
2014 IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition Chicago, IL – April 15, 2014
Panel Session: Technologies for Advanced Volt/VAR Control Implementation
Agenda - Volt VAR Control & IDMS
• Introduction
• Distributed Capacitor Controller
– Controller and Power Quality
– Benefits at discrete line capacitor locations
• Centralized Capacitor Control
– Integrated Distribution Management System
– Benefits of centralized control
• Conclusions
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The Southern Company
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Serve 4.4 Million Retail Customers
Generating Capacity : 42,000 MW
120,000 Square Miles
Alabama Power Company
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• APC serves 1,434,468 Customers
• APC generating Total Nameplate
Capacity: 12,222 megawatts
• Generation (kwh) percentages
• Coal ……………… 59.1 %
• Nuclear ………….. 19.9 %
• Gas and Oil ……… 12.6 %
• Hydro …………….. 8.4 %
• Regulated by The Alabama Public
Service Commission
Alabama Power Company
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• Over 6,800 Employees
• 10,460 Miles Transmission
• 81,132 Miles Distribution
• 44,500 Sq. Mile Service
Territory
• Six Geographic Divisions
Distributed Capacitor Controller
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• Independent phase
switching
• Zero-voltage crossing
switching using RTU
programmable logic
• Supports fault detection
• Provides power system
measurements
• Monitors power quality
and reports %THD
• Cost-effective solution for
pole application
Distributed Capacitor Controller
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Distributed Capacitor Controller
Controller
• Switched on at zero voltage crossing
• Switched off at zero current crossing
• Independent phase operation
• Logic compensates for changes in switch operating time
• Automatic and manual operation
• Remote monitoring and control
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Distributed Capacitor Controller
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Distributed Capacitor Controller
Power Quality
• Direct AC inputs facilitates harmonic measurements
• %THD reported per phase in real-time
• Shunt capacitors concentrate harmonic current
• Potential for telephone interference
• Remote switching is short-term solution
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Distributed Capacitor Controller
Benefits at discrete line capacitor locations
• Reduced line losses
• Improved distribution circuit voltage profile
• Increased distribution circuit capacity
• Independent phase operation
• Power measurements reported in real-time
• Zero crossing switching reduces switching disturbances
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Centralized Capacitor Control
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Control line capacitors as a system to achieve improved
system efficiency
Integrated Distribution Management System
facilitates centralized control
Centralized Capacitor Control
Integrated Distribution Management System
• What is IDMS?
– Single platform for mission critical systems
• SCADA / Outage Management / Switching
• Advanced grid applications for distribution
• Why IDMS?
– Improved efficiency, grid performance and demand mgmt
– Improved visibility and operational awareness
– Converts “Big Data” from SCADA and AMI into operational actionable decisions
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Centralized Capacitor Control
Integrated Distribution Management System
• Smart Operations
– Leverage near real-time advanced applications
– Analytical support of traditional operational tasks
• Advanced tools and applications
– Perform traditional back office tasks
– Manage distribution system efficiency
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Centralized Capacitor Control
Integrated Distribution Management System
• Smart Operations
– Leverage near real-time advanced applications
– Analytical support of traditional operational tasks
• Advanced tools and applications
– Perform traditional back office tasks
– Manage distribution system efficiency
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Centralized Capacitor Control
Integrated Distribution Management System
• Two-thirds of grid losses occur in distribution
• Tools are available to manage loss minimization
– Peak conditions
– Valley conditions
• New Smart Grid system dynamics
– Seasonal and Daily basis
– Virtual power plant • Demand response
• Distribution energy producers
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Centralized Capacitor Control
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Centralized Capacitor Control
Integrated Distribution Management System
• Volt VAR Optimization CVR plan
– Another Distribution Optimal Power Flow objective
– Manipulate circuit voltage profiles with regulator taps and line capacitors to minimize demand
– Execute automatically without bothering operators
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Centralized Capacitor Control
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Auto
Cap
Auto
Cap
Auto
Reg
Fixed
Cap
Line
Monitor
CVR 12.47 kV Primarily Rural Green Circuit
Sub Feeder Regs
Centralized Capacitor Control Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR)
• Two Alabama Power circuits in EPRI’s Green
Circuits collaborative project *
– 34.5 kV primarily urban residential circuit
– 12.47 kV primarily rural residential circuit
• Voltage Optimization Results
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Quantity 34.5 kV 12.47 kV
Average voltage reduction (%) 3.62 2.81
Energy reduction (%) 2.71 2.47
CVR factor 0.75 0.88
* R. C. Belvin, J. Green, T. Reed, and T. Short, “Voltage Optimization More Than Pays for Itself,” Transmission & Distribution World, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 50-53, August 2010.
Centralized Capacitor Control
Benefits of centralized control
• Reduced system losses
• Improved system voltage profile
• Increased system capacity
• Extended system facility life
• Reduced O&M expenditures
• Optimized Capital expenditures
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Conclusions
• Smart Distribution requires improved techniques and applications for Smart Operations
• IDMS is the facilitating application
• Engineering solutions are implemented to achieve improved system efficiency
• Centralized capacitor control is facilitated
• The efficiency is improved for energy delivery
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Volt/VAR Control as Part of an Integrated Distribution Management System
(Central Control) G. Larry Clark
Alabama Power Company, A Southern Company [email protected]
Tel 205.257.4230
2014 IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition Chicago, IL – April 15, 2014
Panel Session: Technologies for Advanced Volt/VAR Control Implementation
Questions
