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الله بسمالرحمن الرحيم
Anatomy of the Tooth. Tissues of the tooth. Types of Dentition/teeth. Dental Formula. Tooth Numbering Systems. Tooth Morphology. Significance of tooth
morphology. Tooth Relationship with
each others.
Objectives. .
Objectives Dental Formula. Tooth Numbering Systems. Tooth Morphology. Significance of tooth morphology. Tooth Relationship with each
others. Prof. Dr. Naglaa Bahgat
Nagy
. .
DENTAL FORMULA.
Dental arches (Maxillary &
Mandibular).
Jaw quadrants (There are four
quadrants) .
Half of the mouth (Right & left
halves).
Teeth are arranged in two arches: (Dental Arches)
-An Upper Arch or the Maxillary arch.
A Lower arch or the Mandibular arch.
Each dental arch has a Midline that divides the arch Into two approximately equal segments or Quadrant. (Right & Left )
Thus, there are Four Quadrants in the entire oral cavity.
Dental arches Teeth are arranged in two arches:- Upper [maxillary] & lower [mandibular]
arches. The teeth in the upper arch might not be
similar to those in the lower arch.
Jaw Quadrants An imaginary midline divides each arch into
two equal halves (a left half and a right half). Thus, the maxillary and mandibular arches
are each divided into two halves the resulting four sections are called quadrants, as follows:
1. Maxillary right quadrant.2. Maxillary left quadrant.3. Mandibular right quadrant.4. Mandibular left quadrant.
Half of the mouth The mouth could be divided into two
equal halves (right & left). Thus, each half contains the same
number and types of teeth. The formula which describes teeth in half
of the mouth is called dental formula.
DENTAL FORMULA It is a shorthand way to indicate the type
and number of teeth in half of the mouth in any mammals.
The denomination (type) of each tooth is represented by its initial letter (I, C, P, M).
Each letter is followed by a horizontal line.
The number of each type of teeth is placed above the line for the maxillary teeth and below the line for the mandibular teeth.
Dental formula for human Human has two sets of dentition
(diphyodont). The dental formula for deciduous teeth is: I ----- C ------ M -------- =10 Thus, the child has 20 deciduous teeth.
The dental formula for permanent teeth is:
I ----- C ------ P ------ M ------- = 16 Thus, the adult person has 32 teeth.
Dental formula for sheep & dogs
Numbering Systems
Numbering Systems
Numbering systems have
been developed in order to have a
standard way of referring to particular
teeth.
Numbering Systems
Universal Numbering System.
Palmer Notation System.
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI).
Universal Numbering System. It assumes the two arches (upper & lower) form a
circle. It assigns a specific number to each permanent tooth
(one through thirty-two). It assigns a specific capital letter to each deciduous
tooth (A through T). The numbering system starts from the last right
maxillary tooth, going clockwise. The permanent right maxillary third molar is
designated as tooth #1 and the permanent right maxillary central incisor #8.
The deciduous right maxillary second molar is designated as tooth #A and the deciduous right maxillary central incisor #E.
Universal System for Permanent Teeth.
Universal System for Deciduous Teeth
Universal Numbering System.
Advantage: It is acceptable to the computer
language.
Disadvantage: It doesn’t consider the jaw
quadrant clearly. Thus, similar teeth are given various numbers in different quadrants.
It uses the quadrant system. It divides the maxillary and mandibular arches
into two quadrants (right and left). It identifies each quadrant by a symbol.
┘for right maxillary quadrant. └ for left maxillary quadrant. ┐for right mandibular quadrant. ┌ for left mandibular quadrant.
Permanent teeth are identified by number, one through eight, in each quadrant.
Deciduous teeth are identified by capital letters, A, B, C, D, E, in each quadrant..
The numbering system starts from the midline and goes backwards.
Palmer Notation System:
└
Palmer Notation System forPermanent teeth
Right
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Left
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Palmer Notation System forDeciduous teeth
Right
E D C B A
E D C B A
Left
A B C D E
A B C D E
Palmer Notation System
Advantage: Simple and easy in clinical practice.
Disadvantage: Ii is not acceptable to the computer
language.
Federation Dentaire Internationale
(FDI)
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) It is a two-digit system. (1). The first digit indicates the quadrant: Quadrants for permanent teeth are given number one through
four. Quadrants for deciduous teeth are given number five through
eight. The quadrant numbering starts from the right maxillary quadrant
and goes clockwise. Thus, for permanent dentition, the quadrants number are:
The right maxillary quadrant is #1. The left maxillary quadrant is #2. The right mandibular quadrant is #3. The left mandibular quadrant is #4.
For deciduous dentition, the quadrants number are: The right maxillary quadrant is #5. The left maxillary quadrant is #6. The right mandibular quadrant is #7. The left mandibular quadrant is #8.
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) It is a two-digit system.
(2). The second digit indicates the tooth. Both permanent and deciduous teeth are identified by numbers.
Tooth numbering uses the quadrant system.
It starts from the midline and goes backwards (for each quadrant).
Permanent teeth are identified by numbers, one through eight.
Deciduous teeth are identified by numbers, one through five.
The tooth number is written next to the quadrant number.
FDI System for Permanent Teeth
FDI System for Deciduous Teeth
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
Advantage: It is acceptable to the computer
language.
Disadvantage: It is somewhat confusing.
Objectives Anatomy of the Tooth. Tissues of the tooth. Types of Dentition/teeth. Dental Formula. Tooth Numbering Systems. Tooth Morphology. Significance of tooth
morphology. Tooth Relationship with each
others.
. .
TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
Tooth Morphology
Tooth Surfaces. Division into Thirds. Line angles and point angles. Crown Elevations & Depressions.
Tooth Morphology
Tooth Surfaces
Adult has Four Types of Teeth:
Anterior teeth which include:1-Incisors: In each arch there are four incisors (two
central incisors and two lateral incisors).
2-Canines: There is one canine in each quadrant.
Posterior teeth which include: 3-Premolars: There are two in each quadrant. First and
second premolars.
4-Molars: There are three in each quadrant. They are
the first molar, the second molar and the third molar.
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4
Tooth surfaces
Facial
Proximal
Cutting
Tooth Surfaces Facial Surfaces:
Labial/Buccal. Lingual/Palatal.
Proximal Surfaces: Mesial. Distal.
Cutting Surfaces: Incisal. Occlusal.
Upper (Maxillary) Arch
Labial/BuccalSurface
PalatalSurface
Occlusal Surface
Incisal Surface
Lower (Mandibular) Arch
Buccal Surface
LingualSurface
OcclusalSurface
IncisalSurface
Mesial surface – towards the front of the mouth
Distal surface – towards the back of the mouth
Midline
Tooth Surfaces
Thus, each tooth has five surfaces, which are named according to their relative position to the middle line, the surrounding tissues or to their functions.
Tooth Surfaces
Division into thirds For descriptive purpose: Each surface of both crown and root
could be arbitrary divided horizontally and vertically into three thirds.
Thirds are named according to their location in relation to other surfaces of the tooth.
Division into thirds
(1). Horizontally:Cervico -occlusally/ -
apically Crown has incisal (occlusal), middle and
cervical thirds. Root has apical, middle and cervical
thirds.
Horizontal thirds of the Crown :
Incisal (Occlusal) third
Middle third
Cervical third
Horizontal thirds of the Root
Apical third
Middle third
Cervical third
Division into thirds
(1). Vertically:First: Bucco- (Labio) -lingually
(Palatally). Crown has mesial, middle and distal
thirds. Second: Mesio- distally. Crown has buccal (labial), middle and
lingual (palatal) thirds.
Vertical bucco-lingual thirds of the Crown :
Mid
dle
thir
d
Mes
ial t
hird
Dis
tal t
hird
Vertical mesio-distal thirds of the Crown :
Mid
dle
thir
d
Bucc
al (
Labi
al)
thir
d
Ling
ual
(pal
atal
) th
ird
Line angles & point angles Line angle:
• It is the junction between any two surfaces.
Point angle:• It is the junction between any three surfaces.
Name Line
angles and point angles in this figure?
Structural Features:
Crown Elevations.
Crown Depressions.
This will be given by Prof. Dr. Amal Radawn
Thank you