2011 WECC Modeling Workshop - Load_03_Motors.pdf

8/19/2019 2011 WECC Modeling Workshop - Load_03_Motors.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2011-wecc-modeling-workshop-load03motorspdf 1/42

Motors

John Undrill

1



In our Power Systems

We know that a significant part of the load is 3 phaseinduction motors

But

We don't, and cannot, know exactly how much load,where they are or what they drive

We do know that, except for very special applications

the majority of these motors are of conventional designand characteristics

Characteristics are readily available from catalogs

2



There are power systems where 95 percent ofthe load is 3-phase inductions motors

Oil Field - Beam Pumps - normal profileSubmerged Pumps - long,skinny

Miscellaneous Pumps

Oil RefineryMiscellaneous Pumps

Steel Mill - Miscellaneous PumpsFans and BlowersConveyers

3



Large Steel Mill

4



Industrial motors are well documented

5



Large Industrial Motor

Large compressorBoiler feedpump

Conveyer belt

Crusher

Ball mill

Circulating pump

900-1800-3600 rpm

4160 VAC

400-6000KW

Circuit Breaker

Relay protection

Undervoltage

Overvoltage

Overcurrent

6



Large Industrial Motor

7



Motors are everywhere

8



Equivalent Circuit

9



Motor Model - High Starting Torque

10



Motor1 Induction Motor Design P rameter John Undrill April 2001

L 3.100 Vt 0.700 L" 0.1595 R1 0.0100

L' 0.205 Tv 0.500 Ll 0.1050 L1 0.1000

R 0.010 Ft 58.0 T"o 0.0072 R2 0.0800

T'o 0.821 Tf 1.000 L2 0.1200

H 0.500 Vr 1.000D 2.000 Tvr 1.000 Slip Curr Pwr Torq Pf

Se1 0.000 Acc 0.500 LR 1.0000 6.081 0.991 0.640 0.16

Se1.2 0.001 Run 0.0085 0.979 0.861 0.852 0.88

Vbus 1.000 RPM 1785

Ll 0.105 R1 0.010 L' 0.205 T 'o 0.82095 T1 0.016

Lm 2.995 L1 0.100 L" 0.160 T"o 0.00719 T2 0.709

R2 0.080

R 0.010 L2 0.120

Slip Cur Pwr Trq PF Vi R1 R2 D1 D2 Y1r Yi1 Y2r Y2i Ytr Yti Dyt Ztr Zti Dz Itr Iti

0.0085 0.979 0.861 0.852 0.880 0.947 1.176 9.412 1.394 88.596 0.844 -0.07 0.106 -0.001 0.950 -0.407 1.068 0.899 0.486 1.044 0.861 -0.465

0.0001 0.323 0.011 0.010 0.036 0.966 100.00 800.000 10000. 6400000.010 -0.00 0.001 -0.000 0.011 -0.334 0.112 0.110 3.097 9.601 0.011 -0.323

0.0002 0.323 0.022 0.021 0.068 0.966 50.000 400.000 2500.0 1600000.020 -0.00 0.002 -0.000 0.022 -0.334 0.112 0.210 3.086 9.568 0.022 -0.3230.0003 0.324 0.032 0.031 0.100 0.966 33.333 266.667 1111.1 71111. 0.030 -0.00 0.004 -0.000 0.034 -0.334 0.113 0.309 3.069 9.514 0.032 -0.323

0.0004 0.326 0.043 0.042 0.132 0.966 25.000 200.000 625.01 40000. 0.040 -0.00 0.005 -0.000 0.045 -0.334 0.114 0.406 3.045 9.438 0.043 -0.323

0.0005 0.327 0.053 0.052 0.163 0.966 20.000 160.000 400.01 25600. 0.050 -0.00 0.006 -0.000 0.056 -0.334 0.115 0.499 3.015 9.341 0.053 -0.323

0.0006 0.329 0.064 0.063 0.194 0.965 16.667 133.333 277.78 17777. 0.060 -0.00 0.007 -0.000 0.067 -0.334 0.116 0.590 2.979 9.225 0.064 -0.323

0.0010 0.341 0.106 0.105 0.310 0.965 10.000 80.000 100.01 6400.0 0.100 -0.0010.012 -0.000 0.112 -0.335 0.125 0.911 2.788 8.603 0.106 -0.324

0.0020 0.391 0.210 0.209 0.538 0.964 5.000 40.000 25.010 1600.0 0.200 -0.00 0.025 -0.000 0.225 -0.338 0.165 1.374 2.156 6.535 0.210 -0.330

0.0040 0.547 0.417 0.414 0.762 0.960 2.500 20.000 6.260 400.01 0.399 -0.01 0.050 -0.000 0.449 -0.350 0.325 1.394 1.184 3.345 0.417 -0.354

0.0060 0.733 0.618 0.613 0.843 0.955 1.667 13.333 2.788 177.79 0.598 -0.03 0.075 -0.001 0.673 -0.370 0.590 1.150 0.733 1.860 0.618 -0.394

0.0080 0.929 0.813 0.805 0.875 0.949 1.250 10.000 1.573 100.01 0.795 -0.06 0.100 -0.001 0.895 -0.399 0.960 0.942 0.520 1.158 0.813 -0.449

0.0100 1.127 1.000 0.988 0.888 0.941 1.000 8.000 1.010 64.014 0.990 -0.09 0.125 -0.002 1.115 -0.435 1.432 0.788 0.409 0.788 1.000 -0.519

0.0150 1.606 1.424 1.399 0.887 0.920 0.667 5.333 0.454 28.459 1.467 -0.22 0.187 -0.004 1.654 -0.558 3.049 0.552 0.288 0.388 1.424 -0.743

0.0200 2.047 1.775 1.735 0.867 0.894 0.500 4.000 0.260 16.014 1.923 -0.38 0.250 -0.007 2.173 -0.726 5.248 0.424 0.243 0.239 1.775 -1.020

0.0250 2.444 2.052 1.996 0.840 0.865 0.400 3.200 0.170 10.254 2.353 -0.58 0.312 -0.012 2.665 -0.934 7.974 0.344 0.222 0.167 2.052 -1.326

0.0300 2.793 2.260 2.186 0.809 0.836 0.333 2.667 0.121 7.126 2.752 -0.82 0.374 -0.017 3.127 -1.176 11.159 0.290 0.210 0.128 2.260 -1.641

0.0350 3.097 2.406 2.315 0.777 0.807 0.286 2.286 0.092 5.239 3.118 -1.0910.436 -0.023 3.554 -1.448 14.730 0.251 0.203 0.104 2.406 -1.951

0.0400 3.361 2.502 2.395 0.745 0.779 0.250 2.000 0.073 4.014 3.448 -1.37 0.498 -0.030 3.946 -1.743 18.613 0.222 0.199 0.089 2.502 -2.244

0.0600 4.097 2.572 2.413 0.628 0.684 0.167 1.333 0.038 1.792 4.412 -2.6470.744 -0.067 5.156 -3.048 35.871 0.153 0.190 0.060 2.572 -3.189

0.0700 4.333 2.513 2.335 0.580 0.648 0.143 1.143 0.030 1.321 4.698 -3.28 0.865 -0.091 5.563 -3.713 44.741 0.134 0.188 0.053 2.513 -3.530

0.1000 4.765 2.259 2.043 0.474 0.573 0.100 0.800 0.020 0.654 5.000 -5.00 1.222 -0.183 6.222 -5.517 69.160 0.099 0.185 0.044 2.259 -4.196

0.1100 4.856 2.177 1.953 0.448 0.556 0.091 0.727 0.018 0.543 4.977 -5.47 1.339 -0.221 6.316 -6.030 76.250 0.092 0.184 0.042 2.177 -4.340

0.1200 4.931 2.102 1.871 0.426 0.542 0.083 0.667 0.017 0.459 4.918 -5.90 1.453 -0.262 6.371 -6.497 82.801 0.086 0.183 0.041 2.102 -4.460

0.1300 4.994 2.033 1.796 0.407 0.530 0.077 0.615 0.016 0.393 4.833 -6.28 1.565 -0.305 6.398 -6.922 88.847 0.082 0.183 0.040 2.033 -4.561

0.1400 5.048 1.971 1.729 0.390 0.519 0.071 0.571 0.015 0.341 4.730 -6.62 1.676 -0.352 6.406 -7.307 94.434 0.077 0.182 0.039 1.971 -4.647

0.1500 5.095 1.915 1.668 0.376 0.511 0.067 0.533 0.014 0.299 4.615 -6.92 1.785 -0.402 6.400 -7.659 99.613 0.074 0.182 0.039 1.915 -4.722

0.2000 5.269 1.707 1.444 0.324 0.479 0.050 0.400 0.013 0.174 4.000 -8.00 2.294 -0.688 6.294 -9.022 121.00 0.062 0.180 0.036 1.707 -4.984

0.3000 5.489 1.493 1.207 0.272 0.444 0.033 0.267 0.011 0.086 3.000 -9.00 3.119 -1.403 6.119 -10.737 152.72 0.050 0.175 0.033 1.493 -5.282

0.4000 5.649 1.377 1.074 0.244 0.422 0.025 0.200 0.011 0.054 2.353 -9.41 3.676 -2.206 6.029 -11.952 179.19 0.043 0.172 0.031 1.377 -5.478

0.5000 5.772 1.290 0.973 0.223 0.405 0.020 0.160 0.010 0.040 1.923 -9.61 4.000 -3.000 5.923 -12.949 202.76 0.039 0.169 0.030 1.290 -5.626

0.6000 5.868 1.215 0.888 0.207 0.393 0.017 0.133 0.010 0.032 1.622 -9.73 4.144 -3.729 5.765 -13.793 223.48 0.035 0.167 0.029 1.215 -5.7410.7000 5.942 1.149 0.814 0.193 0.383 0.014 0.114 0.010 0.027 1.400 -9.80 4.162 -4.370 5.562 -14.504 241.29 0.033 0.165 0.028 1.149 -5.830

0.8500 6.024 1.063 0.719 0.177 0.371 0.012 0.094 0.010 0.023 1.160 -9.86 4.047 -5.159 5.207 -15.357 262.94 0.029 0.163 0.028 1.063 -5.929

1.0000 6.081 0.991 0.640 0.163 0.364 0.010 0.080 0.010 0.021 0.990 -9.9013.846 -5.769 4.836 -16.004 279.52 0.027 0.162 0.027 0.991 -5.999

-

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

0 0.2500 0.5000 0.7500 1.0000

Cur

Torque

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

0 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000

IA motor of cmpldw model

11



Inertia is a key parameter

Inertia may, or may not, be a characteristic of the motor

Motor driving pump - mainly motor H = 0.3

Motor driving turbo-compressor - mainly compressor

Motor driving condensor fan - V-belt or gear drive(3m 90rpm) - mainly motor H = 0.3

Motor driving direct drive fan - mainly fan

Motor inertia is readily estimatedDriven load inertia is highly variable

12



13



Motor-Load Shapes

14



Inertia Constant of a Cylinder

Dia 9 in OK WR2 0.9561 Kg-m2 22.6405 Lb-ft2

Length 18 in OK H-kva 0.21232 Seconds

Dia 0 cm OK H-kw 0.23591 Seconds

Length 0 cm OK

KW 0.0 OK Mass 0.14731 Tonnes

Pf 0.9 OK 329.964 Pounds

HP 100 OK

Speed 1800 RPM

Radius 0.1143 meter Required

Length 0.4572 meter Metric

Base 80.00 KVA

Result

Voltage 460

FLCurrent 100.412

15



Motor Models

Motor1

Motorw

16



PSLF Motor1

Parameter Suggested

Name Value

Ls 3.1 Synchronous reactance

Lp 0.2 Transient reactance

Ra 0.01 Stator resistance

Tpo 0.8 Transient rotor time constant

H 0.25 Inertia constant

D 2.0 Load speed exponent

Se1 0.01 Saturation factor at rated voltage

Se2 0.1 Saturation factor at 1.2 pu voltage

Vt 0.7 Undervoltage trip setpoint

Tv 0.05 Undervoltage trip time delay

Ft 0.1 Underfrequency trip setpoint

Tf 99.0 Underfrequency trip time delay

Vr 1.0 Restart voltage

Tvr 99.0 Restart time delay

Acc 0.5 mathematical acceleration factor

Lpp 0.165 Subtransient reactance

Ll 0.1 Stator leakage reactance

Tppo 0.0072 Subtransient time constnat

ndelt 10 Time step subdivision factor

wdelt 0.8 Threshold speed for subdivision

17



PSLF Motorw

Pul 0.3 Fraction of constant power load

to be represented by motorw

Ls 3.1 Synchronous reactance

Lp 0.2 Transient reactance

Ra 0.01 Stator resistance

Tpo 0.8 Transient rotor time constant

H 0.25 Inertia constantD 2.0 Load speed exponent

Vt 0.7 Undervoltage trip setpoint

Tv 0.05 Undervoltage trip time delay

Tbkr 0.08 Circuit breaker operating time

Acc 0.5 Mathematical acceleration factor

Lpp 0.165 Subtransient reactance

Tppo 0.0072 Subtransient time constnat

ndelt 10 Time step subdivision factor

wdelt 0.8 Threshold speed for subdivision

18



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19

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20

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3-phase motor behavior50 - 90 msec fault

Stator current

21

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23

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Reactive Power


24

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Where are the 3-phase motorsEverywhere

25



AC Manufacturer’s motor data~ 25 KVA 3-phase

26



Large scale chilled water air conditioning

27

L l hill d t i diti i



Large scale chilled-water air conditioningcompressor may by centrifugal or screw type

28

Residential air conditioner motor-



Residential air conditioner motorcompressor unit

Outdoor part of a/c

system

Reciprocating or scroll

compressor

3600 rpm

230 VAC

2 - 8 KW

Basic contactor

Thermal overload

protection

29

Ai di i i



Air conditioner motor-compressor unit

Outdoor part of a/c

system


compressor

3600 rpm

230 VAC

2 - 4 KW

VFD control of

compressor motor

30

Ai di i i



Air conditioner motor-compressor unit

Outdoor part of a/c

system


compressor

3600 rpm

230 VAC

2-8 KW

Basic contactor

Thermal overload

protection

31

2100 ft h i N Y k



2100 sq ft house in New York

32

M f t ’ S d T C



Manufacturer s Speed-Torque Curve

33

M f t ’ S d T C



Manufacturer s Speed-Torque Curve

34

Simulated Speed Torque Curve



Simulated Speed-Torque Curve

0

7.5

15.0

22.5

30.0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

T o r q u e , N

- m

Speed, per unit

35

Single phase capacitor motor




36

Si l h i




Diameter 6.5 cm

Length 20.0 cm

Mass 4.6 Kg

KVA base 5.0 KVA

H 0.04 second

37




S gle p ase capac to otomodeling at point-on-wave level

38




Divx 10 Divy 101.15 Time 1.4

Name Min Max Col CpPu F Fa Fb Fc Fd

0 c0 -200.0 200.0 1 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 c4 -200.0 200.0 3 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Divx 10 Divy 101.15 Time 1.4

Name Min Max Col CpPu F Fa Fb Fc Fd

0 c0 0.0 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 c4 0.0 1.0 3 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ____

Single phase capacitor motorSupply voltage dips to 0.6 per unit for 5 cycles

Current Speed

0 second 0.25 0 second 0.25

39



0

5

10

15

20

25

0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70

C y l e s t o S t a l l

Dip voltage, %

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700

C y c l e s t o s t a l l

Dip voltage, %

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700

C y c l e s t o S t a l l

Dip voltage, %

90 deg45 deg0 deg

Supply Impedance, per unit on motor base

Stalling Thresholds

40

Si l h it t




KW KVAR

Terminal voltageTerminal voltage

41

Questions?



Questions?

42

Documents

2011 WECC Modeling Workshop - Load_03_Motors.pdf