WECCReliability Coordination

Familiarization

WECC

Reliability Coordinators

Glossary of TermsWECC – Western Electricity Coordinating Council

Formed 14 August 1967 WECC continues to be responsible for coordinating and promoting electric system reliability.

NERC - Since 1968, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has been committed to ensuring the reliability of the bulk power system in North America.

FERC – Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

EHV – Extra High Voltage ≥

345 kV

•Extreme COLD weather•Inadequate Energy Resources•Insufficient Fuel (Deliveries hampered)

January 1994 Eastern Interconnection experienced significant power outages (including WASHINGTON DC…)

After-the-Fact investigations revealed:•There were resources available in the Midwest, but…•Frequency was low, but… Not everybody knew Why!

INADEQUATE COMMUNICATION!

1994 - NERC Blue Ribbon Task Force commissioned, which recommended creation of the NERC Security Process Task Force (SPTF).

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

1996 – NERC SPTF Recommended Creating Regional Reliability Plan for EACH region in NERC!

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

Eastern Interconnection

Western Interconnection

ERCOT

8 NERC Reliability Entities

“WECC”Largest of the 8 NERC Regions

(1.8 million square miles)

14 Western states, 2 Canadian provinces,1 Mexican state (Portion)

153 member systems33 Control Areas71 million people

•Peak Demand(S) 125,040 MW (W) 114,680 MW•Generation169,208 MW

•Transmission 115,743 Circuit Miles

Stats based on 2001 data

35 Balancing Authorities (BAs)

1996 – WECC experiences Interconnection break up!(July 2 and August 10)

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

January 1997 WECC Security Process Task Force published the Regional Reliability Plan.

CMRC (CISO) PNSC (BPA)

RDRC (WACM)

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

•Implementation of the WECC EHV Data Pool

•Approved by WECC BOT December 1997, and implemented on January 1, 1998.

•Created Regional Reliability Coordinators in each of the three (3) WECC Sub regions

Rocky Mtn.(WAPA)

Desert SW(APS)MAY 1999

COMBINEDRocky Mtn.

(WAPA)Desert SW

(APS)

INDEPENDENCE

The Reliability Coordinator Serves the interest of the Interconnection. Acts in the interests of the overall Interconnection before any other entity (Control Area, etc.).

Three (3) Sub-Regions

Pacific Northwest (PNSC)

California/Mexico (CMRC)

Rocky Mountain/Desert Southwest (RDRC)

CMRC

RELIABILITYCOORDINATOR

AREAS

RDRC

PNSC

38%

26%

36%

LOAD

33%

22%

45%

GENERATION

23%

23%

54%

TRANSMISSION(Circuit Miles)

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

• FREQUENCY– Reliable Sources– Key Points in the System

Voltage

GenerationFrequency

WECC EHV Data Pool

• VOLTAGE– 500 kV– 345 kV– 230 kV

• GENERATION– > 200 MW Voltage

FrequencyGeneration

FIGURE 2EXISTING WSCC KEY TRANSMISSION LINES & PATHS

(See WSCC-Wide Key Facility List-Transmission for path description.)

345 KV500 KV

KEY TRANSFER PATHS

•SCHEDULES

WECC EHV Data Pool

•LIMITS•ACTUALS

Responsibilities (NERC Policy 9; Appendix 9B)

-Planning for next-day operations, including reliability analyses and identifying special operating procedures that might be needed.-Analyzing current day operating conditions, -Adequate Resources (RESERVES)-Implementing INTERCONNECTION-wide relief procedure(TLR- Eastern & USF-WECC), or local procedures to mitigate overloads on the transmission system.-Notification.Interconnection facility status, “Energy Emergency Alert Levels.”-Provide Coordination & Direction during restoration efforts impacting the Interconnection.

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

Authority to provide emergency assistance. •Each RELIABILITY COORDINATOR must have the authority to take or direct whatever action is needed to mitigate an energy emergency within their Reliability Area.

INDEPENDENCE - STANDARDS OF CONDUCT – CONFIDENTIALITYThe Reliability Coordinator Serves the interest of Reliability Area and Interconnection. Must act in the interests of the reliability of the overall Reliability Area / Interconnection before any other entity (Control Area, Purchasing-Selling Entity, etc.).

• WECC EHV Data Pool –10 to 60 second refresh rate • EMS / SCADA Systems –10 second scan rate • WAMS –Wide Area Monitoring System / Phasor

Measurement System 0.05 second scan rate • PI Displays & Data Historian (65,000 ICCP) • State Estimator Model (1Min) • Contingency Analysis (5 Min) • Voltage Stability / VAR Management • Real Time Dynamic Stability Analysis

Tools to Monitor the WECC System

RELIABILITY COORDINATION

Electric System Security Data•Transmission data.

•Status•MW or ampere loadings•MVA capability•Transformer tap and phase angle settings•Key voltages

•Generator data.•Status•MW and MVAR capability•MW and MVAR net output•Status of automatic voltage control facilities

•Operating reserve•CONTROL AREA Demand•Interchange (Scheduled and Actual)•Area Control Error (ACE) and Frequency

Operational Information

Frequency Disturbances and

Excursions

-1.782

System Voltage

WECC EHV SYSTEM VOLTAGES

Regional Perspective

Big PicturePerspectiveOperating Reserves

Key Transfer paths

ConclusionRELIABILITY COORDINATION

What do Reliability Coordinators do?

Monitor & Analyze:•Reliability “Health of the system”•Established NERC & WECC Criteria (Rules)•Evaluate•Predict •and COMMUNICATE.

Questions

RELIABILITY COORDINATION