1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution.

2. What is genetic equilibrium?

3. What is speciation? How does it occur?

Warm UP

Notes on Environmental Factor

Concept Map

Brief 6 questions and Concept Map

Work on: Bird Beak Lab; Speciation Activity; and Study Guide

Date: ____________

Catastrophic events

Climate change

Continental drift

Generally it affects evolution on a LARGE scale over MANY generations (macroevolution)

There are several patterns Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium

Adaptive radiation/divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Coevolution

Extinction

Gradual changes of a species in a specific way over long periods of time

Example: gradual trend toward a larger or smaller body size

Sudden changes in a species after little change for many, many years

Example: Sudden change in species size or shape due to environmental factors

A number of different species diverge (split off) from a common ancestor

Over many generations, organisms with the same common ancestor evolve a variety of characteristics that allow them to survive in different niches

Niche = how the organism affects and is affected by the environment and resources

Evolution among different groups of organisms living in smaller environments produces species that are similar in appearance and behavior

Produces many analogous structures in organisms today

Analogous structures are similar in appearance and function, but have different evolutionary origins

Two or more species living in close proximity change in response to each other

The evolution of one species may affect the evolution of another

Elimination of a species when the entire species cannot adapt to a change in its environment

Two types

Gradual extinction

Mass extinction

Occurs at a slow rate

May be due to

Other organisms

Changes in climate

Natural disasters

Speciation and gradual extinction occur at approximately the same rate

Occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment very suddenly

Like a volcanic eruption or a meteor hitting the earth and causing massive climate change

It is often impossible for a species to adapt to rapid and extreme environmental changes

B-5 176 176

Essential Question: How has biological evolution led to the diversity of life?

Natural Selection

and Evolution

________________

• Traits that make an organism more or less likely to ________________

_______________________________. • Explains Biological Evolution

– Microevolution vs. _________ • 4 Principles

– ________________________ – Variation → phenotype of

inherited traits influence ability to survive

– Adaptation→ increase fittest traits

– ______________________ Evidence of Biological Evolution • Anatomy- structures of organisms

– examine _____________________

• Embryology- development of organisms

– O___________________________

• Biochemistry- _________________ ______ (which all organisms share) • Paleontology- examine fossil record

Reproduction- passing

genetic information to the next

generation Sexual • Meiosis and Gametes

• __________________________- leads to

better chance of survival

• Offspring express phenotype that are better

suited to an environment will survive and

produce

________________________________ Asexual • Cell division such as Mitosis or Binary

Fission

• Genetically identical

• Produce offspring for

__________environment

____________________________________

____ Genetic Variability- of species

phenotype (introduced __________) • Species share common gene pool (_______

____________________________)

-- change may spread through population if

_____________________________

• Factors influence variability

-- genetic drift -- ________________

-- ________ -- mutation --natural selection

• Speciation may occur- creating a new

species

-- gradualism -- ____________

-- ______________ --________________

--_________________ -- extinction

Phylogenetic Trees • Diagram representing

_______________________

________________which is

used for classification

• Estimate divergence of

species

• Closer brackets →

______________________

• Distanced bracket →

______________________

Genetic Variability- of species’ phenotype (introduced by mutations)

• Species share common gene pool (all genes of population)

– change may spread through population if increases fitness

• Factors influence variability

– genetic drift -- non-random mating

– gene flow -- mutation --natural selection

No Change in alleles and variability throughout time- Hardy Weinberg Principle/Genetic Equilibrium

• Speciation may occur- creating a new species

– gradualism -- punctuated equilibrium

– Divergent evolution --Convergent evolution

– Coevolution -- extinction

Phylogenetic Trees

• Diagram representing evolutionary history of a species which is used for classification

• Estimate divergence of species

• Closer brackets → more related

• Distanced bracket → less related

Answer 6 Questions from PPT

Concept Maps

When finished….

Work on bird beak lab; speciation activity

Study guide (DUE WEDNESDAY!!!!)

Study for your quiz TOMORROW!!!! (5.3-5.6)

Interims on Friday; Retake

Give examples of environmental factors/events.

T/F: The environment usually affects evolution on a small scale.

List 6 ways that environment can affect evolution. Briefly describe each.

What is a niche?

What are analogous structures? How are they different from homologous ones?

What's the difference between gradual and mass extinction?