Meiosis reduces the chromosome number in gametes from diploid to
haploid.It is the main way by which genetic variation occurs in
species.This variation is introduced mainly by two processes-
independent or random assortment andcrossing over or
recombinationIt is the random distribution of maternal and paternal
chromosomes into gametes during cell division. Chromosomes from the
parents are distributed randomly into the gametes.There are more
than eight million potential genetic combinations within the sperm
and the egg Independent or random assortment
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between the
homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes. cut and stitch
bits of maternal and paternal chromatids together.
The points where chromatids break are called chiasmataCrossing
over or recombinationImportance of crossing overExchange of genetic
material leads to genetic variation.Errors in the process leads to
mutation.It is a way of introducing new combinations into the
genetic make-up of a species
