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1Container Recycling Institute 2005
Plastic Debris – Rivers to SeaRedondo Beach, California
September 7-9, 2005
Stopping Plastic Beverage
Bottle Debris at the Source
Pat FranklinExecutive Director
Container Recycling Institute
2Container Recycling Institute 2005
Introducing…the one-way, Introducing…the one-way, throwaway can . . . 1930throwaway can . . . 1930
3Container Recycling Institute 2005
FACT: There were no plastic beverage bottles in the 1930’s, 40’s, 50’s, 60’s, and very few in the 1970’s and 80’s.
FACT: In 2005 Americans will drain more than 50 billion single-serving PET plastic beverage bottles . . . an estimated 40 billion will end up landfilled or littered..
4Container Recycling Institute 2005
Container Container TypeType
19731973 19831983
19919933
20020033
Aluminum cansAluminum cans 1010 5656 9494 100100
Glass bottlesGlass bottles 2525 3232 3232 3636
PET Plastic PET Plastic BottlesBottles
---- 44 99 4848
TOTALTOTAL 3535 9292 135135 184184
Sources: Aluminum Association,Glass Packaging Institute, US EPA, US Department of Commerce, American Plastics Council, Beverage Marketing Corporation.
Beverage Container Sales: 1973-2003(in billions)
5Container Recycling Institute 2005
PET Carbonated Soft Drink Bottle Sales: 1992 - 2004
12.0 12.8
18.7
23.7 25.627.8 28.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004ESource: American Plastics Council
Billions of Units
6Container Recycling Institute 2005
PET Bottled Water Sales in the U.S. (billions of units)
0
4
8
12
16
20
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Includes domestic and imported non-sparkling water in plastic bottles of 1.5 liters or less. Data derived from the Beverage Marketing Corporation. Note: CRI estimated 1997 and 1998 imports.
© Container Recycling Institute, 2005
7Container Recycling Institute 2005
A moment of A moment of refreshmentrefreshment
. . . an eternity of waste!
8Container Recycling Institute 2005
Hawai’i 2002Hawai’i 2002
9Container Recycling Institute 2005
A stream in Maryland 2005
10Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Container Debris Picked up during 2004 International Coastal Cleanup
199,804 189,832 209,075
339,841
928,580
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Glass Bottles AluminumCans
Plastic Bottles Caps & Lids All BeverageContainerDebrisSource: 2004 International Coastal Cleanup, The Ocean Conservancy
# of Items
11Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Containers as Percent of Total Debris Collected: 2004 International Coastal Cleanup
928,580
2,433,930
Bev Cont DebrisAll Marine Debris
72%
28%
Source: 2004 International Coastal Cleanup, The Ocean Conservancy
12Container Recycling Institute 2005
Plastic Beverage Bottles as a Percent Plastic Beverage Bottles as a Percent of Total Debris: Potomac Watershed of Total Debris: Potomac Watershed CleanupCleanup
The 108,575 recyclable The 108,575 recyclable plastic bottles (10,000 plastic bottles (10,000 pounds) collected pounds) collected during the 2004 spring during the 2004 spring cleanup accounted for cleanup accounted for 30% of all bagged 30% of all bagged trashtrash collected. collected.
30%70%
Plastic Beverage Bottles
All other Debris
2004
Source: Alice Ferguson Foundation, 2005
13Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Containers as a Percent Beverage Containers as a Percent of Waterway Debris in Kentucky: of Waterway Debris in Kentucky: 20002000
44%21%
6%6%4%
3%
16%
Beverage ContainersCarriers, tops, pull tabsSnack foodTobacco relatedTake outToiletriesAccidental 44%
Source: Litter in Kentucky, A View from the Field, Solid Waste Coordinators of Kentucky (SWaCK) 2000.
Beverage containers, carriers, tops and pull tabs represented 50% of total waterway debris in SWaCK Study
14Container Recycling Institute 2005
Litter taxes
How can we reduce beverage container debris in waterways?
Recycling programs
Container deposit laws
15Container Recycling Institute 2005
Litter taxes fund litter pickups and public relations campaigns… an approach that’s like mopping up the floor while the sink is overflowing, instead of turning the spigot off.
Litter Taxes
16Container Recycling Institute 2005
After 35 years and millions of dollars in public relations campaign expenses…… Iron Eyes Cody is still crying!
17Container Recycling Institute 2005
Recycling Programs
Bin there…done that!Bin there…done that!
Despite tremendous growth of curbside recycling in the 1990’s beverage container debris has actually increased.
18Container Recycling Institute 2005
Curbside Recycling has not Curbed Curbside Recycling has not Curbed Beverage Container Coastal DebrisBeverage Container Coastal Debris
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
% of U.S. Population w/Curbside Recycling
Bev Cont as % of TotalCoastal Debris
Sou
rces
: Oce
an C
onse
rvan
cy, U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
B
ioC
ycle
. * N
ote:
200
0 cu
rbsi
de a
cces
s ra
te is
an
esti
mat
e ba
sed
on p
rior
yea
r.
Estimate
19Container Recycling Institute 2005
Container Deposit Laws
Oregon
Vermont
Michigan
Maine
Iowa
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Delaware
New York
California
Hawaii
20Container Recycling Institute 2005
Litter Reduction After Passage of Litter Reduction After Passage of Container Deposit LegislationContainer Deposit Legislation
State andState and
Source of DataSource of Data
Beverage Container Beverage Container Litter ReductionLitter Reduction
Total Litter Total Litter ReductionReduction
New York New York (Temp (Temp State Commission State Commission 19851985))
70-80%70-80% 30%30%
Oregon Oregon (OR DEQ (OR DEQ 1982)1982)
83%83% 47%47%
Vermont Vermont (US GAO (US GAO 1977)1977)
76%76% 35%35%
Maine Maine (US GAO (US GAO 19801980))
69-77%69-77% 34-64%34-64%
Michigan Michigan (MI DOT (MI DOT 1979)1979)
84%84% 41%41%
Iowa Iowa (IA DOT 1980)(IA DOT 1980) 76%76% 39%39%
21Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Containers as a Percent of Coastal Debris in States with no CDL
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
FL GA HI IL IN LA MD MN MO NE NJ NC OH RI SC TX VA WA WI
Source: CRI calculations based on 2004 International Coastal Cleanup data
2004
18%: national average 11%: average
in CDL states
22Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Containers as a Percent of Coastal Debris in States with CDL
Michigan, with a 10-cent deposit, has the lowest percentage of beverage container litter of all eleven CDL states
With the exception of New York, all 7 CDL states were well below the national average of 18%
2004
0% 10% 20% 30%
CA
CT
MA
ME
MI
NY
OR
No CDLAvg. 22%
National Avg. 18%
Source: CRI calculations based on 2004 International Coastal Cleanup data
23Container Recycling Institute 2005
Beverage Bottle & Can Debris Collected during International Coastal Cleanup in U.S.
(1996, 1998, 2000 & 2004)
6%
10%
13%
5%
8%
11%
6%
10%13%
11%
18%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1996 1998 2000 2004
CDL States National Average Non CDL States
Source: CRI calculations based on date from the International Coastal CleanupNote: 2004 data for states that collected more than 5,000 total items CA, CT, FL, GA, HI,IL, IN, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN,MO, NE, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OR, PA, RI, SC, TX, VA, WA, WI, Guam, PR,VI,
24Container Recycling Institute 2005
Refundable Deposits Work
They provide a disincentive to litter.
They provide an incentive to recycle and to pick up bottles and cans that are littered
They stop litter at the source.
25Container Recycling Institute 2005
We can do something about beverage container debris today!
26Container Recycling Institute 2005
They will thank us tomorrow!
27Container Recycling Institute 2005
Visit us on the web at: Visit us on the web at: www.container-recycling.orgwww.container-recycling.org and and
www.bottlebill.orgwww.bottlebill.org
Container Recycling Institute 1601 N. Kent Street, Suite 803, Arlington, VA 22209
TEL: 703.276.9800 • FAX: 703.276.9587 Email: [email protected]
CRI is a nonprofit research and public education organization that studies and promotes alternatives for reducing container and packaging waste.