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Friday 10 February 2012. 1789 – 1799 b y Ben (CBP). S ummary. Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012. Background France in the XVIII th century Economical Crisis Age of Enlightenment Events The Bastille Reforms Taken Louis the XVI th War and Counter-Revolution The Terror The Directory Aftermath - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1789 – 1799
by Ben (CBP)
Friday 10 February 2012
I. Background• France in the XVIIIth century• Economical Crisis• Age of Enlightenment
II. Events• The Bastille• Reforms Taken• Louis the XVIth • War and Counter-Revolution• The Terror• The Directory
III. Aftermath• Figures• Influence• Comment
Summary Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
Liberty Leading The MassesDelacroix, 1830
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• France in the XVIIIth centuryI. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
Map of Europe in 1789
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• France in the XVIIIth centuryI. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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Paris and Versailles before 1789
o French Kingdom Since 481 A.D. Absolute Monarchy with Advisors Divine Right of kings
o The Bourbon Line Louis the XIVth (1643 – 1715)
Moved to Versailles Lived in Luxury
Louis the XVth (1715 – 1774) Kept a Luxurious Life Style Very Lazy => Debts
Louis the XVIth (1774 – 1792) Kind and Timid => Not fit for King Wanted to satisfy everyone
Paris
Versailles
20 km
A Luxurious LifestyleView of Versailles
• France in the XVIIIth centuryo The Nobility (The Feudal System)
Owns Land Has a lot of Advantages Taxes Citizens on its Land
o The Church (Involved in Politics) Is the Largest Landowner (10% of the land) Doesn’t pay Tax Charges a 10% Tax on the people revenue
“The Part for the Poors”, not given
o The People (90% of the Population) Is working very hard Mostly uneducated Few are richer and educated but pay taxes
I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
The Feudal System
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• Economical CrisisI. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
o France in Bankruptcy (1,000 – 2,000 million livres) Tax exemption for Clergy and Nobility Participation in the American Revolutionnary War
o Necker’s Report is Rejected: Remove the Tax Exemption Borrow Money
o Bread’s Price Raised (150% raised) Hunger Malnutrition
Jacques NeckerFrench Statesman
1732 - 1804
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• Economical CrisisI. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
The People are supporting the Clergy and the Nobility
• Age of EnlightenmentI. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
o Cultural Movements in the XVIIIth century Wanted to reform society Promoted Science Was against Criticized Intolerance and Abuses in Church and State
o “The Great Encyclopedie” 1751 – 1752 Share World’s Knowledge Expect to Open Mind Edited by Didier Diderot
The Great EncyclopedieDenis Diderot
French Philosopher1713 - 1784
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• The BastilleII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
o 11 July 1789: Louis the XIVth Fired Necker His reforms are rejected Nothing will Change Parisians start revolting
o The King Recruits more Soldiers People need weapons Some soldiers join the rebellion
o 14 July 1789: The Bastille’s Attack {1} Holds weapons and ammunition Is a symbol of Royal Power Mark the beginning of The French Revolution
The Bastille’s Attack14 July 1789
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• Reforms TakenII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
o The National Constituent Assembly 9 July 1789: formation of the Assembly 4 August 1789: abolition of Feudalism 26 August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen
o The Church 4 August 1789: Nationalization of its properties 12 July 1790: Clergymen made State’s Employee
o The Nobility The Great Fear Flew to neighbored kingdoms
oThe State 30 September 1791: the King signs the Constitution Constitutional Monarchy
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The Declaration of the Rights of the Humanand of the Citizen
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• Louis the XVIthII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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Women’s March on Versailles
o 5 October 1789: Women’s March on Versailles 7,000 women asking for food The King is taken to Paris
o 20 June 1791: The Escape to Varennes He tried to reach Prussia He is recognized in Varennes
o10 August 1792: His Arrestation Insurgents put him in Jail
o 20 September 1792: His Destitution End of the Monarchy => Republic {2}
o 17 January 1793: His Death {3} Louis the XVIth is guillotined The Fled to Varennes
Execution of Louis the XVIth
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• War and Counter-RevolutionII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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o Neighborhood Kingdoms: Afraid by the Revolution Marie-Antoinette is the Austrian’s King Sister 20 April 1792: Declaration of War against Prussia and Austria
o A series of Victory 20 September 1792: Battle of Valmy 6 November 1792: Battle of Jemappes The Revolutionaries conquer many territories
o Dark Time (1793) Britain, Dutch Republic and Spain join the War => defeats Civil War against the new Republic
o Peace (1794 – 1795) A series of French victories forced enemies to sign Peace Treaties
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• The TerrorII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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o Robespierre: Had a Major Role in the Revolution 27 July 1793: Elected as Head of the Republic 5 Septembre 1793: Established the Terror
o Counter Anti-Revolutionists Accused of counter-revolutionary activities => Execute 40,000 people died without trials The Guillotine as a Symbol
o The End 27 July 1794: Execution of Robespierre => End of the Terror {4} 23 Septembre 1795: A New Constitution is voted
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Maximilien RobespierreFrench Lawyer
1758 - 1794The Terror
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• The DirectoryII. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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o Constitutional Republic: Parliament:
Council of the 500 (500 members) Council of Elders (250 members)
Executive: 5 “Directors” changed every year
o A Strong Regime: Leaders didn’t follow the constitution Use hard police measures Often call the army
o War Oriented: In need of money => Peace Treaty = Tribute Generals soon become very powerful 9 November 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte took the Power
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• FiguresIII. Aftermath Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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TO DO
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• CommentIII. Aftermath Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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TO DO
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Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012
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TO DO
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Questions
