1 LADM as ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM, ISO 19152) Spatial Unit Package and Spatial Profiles Peter van Oosterom ISO/TC211, LADM workshop,

1LADM as ISO 19152

Land Administration Domain Model (LADM, ISO 19152)

Spatial Unit Package and Spatial Profiles

Peter van Oosterom

ISO/TC211, LADM workshop, Québec,Canada, 4 November 2009

2LADM as ISO 19152

Content

• Introduction• Spatial Unit• Spatial Representation/Survey• Spatial profiles• Conclusion

3LADM as ISO 19152

ISO 19152 Scope

• reference model (abstract, conceptual schema)• land/water, below/above surface• basic classes: (1) parties, (2) rights, responsibilities, and

restrictions, (3) spatial units, (4) spatial sources, and (5) spatial representations

• terminology enabling communication • shared description of formal or informal practices• basis for national, and regional profiles (application schema)

• blueprint stereotype for classes in external databases: person, address, data, data, and taxation data

• no interference with (national) land administration laws

4LADM as ISO 19152

LADM core: new name LA_BAUnit

• explicit modeling ‘real estates’; e.g. LA_Party Peter has LA_RRR ownership on LA_BAUnit Peter’s estate consisting of 2 LA_SpatialUnit parcels (with same LA_RRR)

• LA_BAUnit stands for Basic Administration Unit

class Figure 1. Core classes of LADM

LA_Party

LA_RRR

LA_BAUnit

LA_SpatialUnit

5LADM as ISO 19152

Content


6LADM as ISO 19152

LA_SpatialUnit (alias LA_Parcel)

• LA_SpatialUnit specializations: network, building unit• organized in LA_Layer based on structure or content• 5 types: point, text (unstructured) line, polygon, and

topology• 2D and 3D integrated without complicating 2D

class Figure 4. Spatial Unit Package

SpatialU::LA_SpatialUnitSpatialU::LA_SpatialUnitGroup

SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceBuildingUnit

SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceNetwork

SpatialU::LA_Lev el

7LADM as ISO 19152

class Figure 9. Classes of Spatial Unit Package

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Party::LA_Party

+ partyID: ExtParty [0..1]+ type: LA_PartyType+ role: LA_PartyRoleType [0..*]+ name: CharacterString [0..1]

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Admin::LA_RRR

+ description: CharacterString [0..1]+ share: Rational [0..1]+ shareCheck: Boolean [0..1]+ timeSpec: ExtTime

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Admin::LA_BAUnit

+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ type: LA_BAUnitType+ uID: Oid

constraints{sum(RRR.share)=1 per type if not ends _S or _B}

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_SpatialUnit

+ address: ExtAddress [0..*]+ area: LA_AreaValue [0..*]+ dimension: LA_DimensionType [0..1]+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]+ suID: Oid+ volume: LA_VolumeValue [0..*]

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_SpatialUnitGroup

+ susID: Oid+ hierachyLevel: Integer+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceBuildingUnit

+ type: LA_BuildingUnitType [0..1]+ buildingUnitID: Oid [0..1]

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceNetwork

+ extPhysicalNetworkLink: ExtPhysicalNetwork [0..1]+ type: LA_NetworkType [0..1]+ status: LA_NetworkStatusType [0..1]+ belowSurface: LA_NetworkLevelType [0..1]

+ getGeometry() : GM_Geometry

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_Lev el

+ lID: Oid+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ type: LA_LevelContentType [0..1]+ structure: LA_StructureType [0..1]+ registerType: LA_RegisterType

«invariant»{If structure = text than geometry/topology is optional}

«invariant»{If dimension = 3D than structure in LA_Level can be toplogical, polygon, unstructured or point}

VersionedObject

SpatialU::LA_RequiredRelationshipSpatialUnit

+ relationship: ISO19125_Type [0..1]

Topology relationship ISO19125_Type as defined ISO 19125

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Admin::LA_RequiredRelationshipBAUnit


«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_AreaType

+ officialArea+ nonOfficalArea+ calculatedArea+ surveyedArea

«datatype»SpatialU::LA_AreaValue

+ areaSize: Area+ type: LA_AreaType

«enumeration»SpatialU::

LA_BuildingUnitType

Attributes+ shared+ individual

«CodeList»SpatialU::

LA_DimensionType

+ 0D+ 1D+ 2D+ 3D+ liminal


LA_Lev elContentType


LA_NetworkLev elType

+ mixed+ below+ above+ onSurface


LA_NetworkStatusType

«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_NetworkType

«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_StructureType

+ text+ point+ unstructuredLine+ polygon+ topological


LA_VolumeType

+ officialVolume+ nonOfficalVolume+ calculatedVolume+ surveyedVolume

«datatype»SpatialU::LA_VolumeValue

+ volumeSize: Volume+ type: LA_VolumeType

0..*

0..*

+level 0..1

+su 0..*

+element1..*

+set 0..1

+set

0..*

+element

1..*

+element1..*

+set0..1

0..*

0..*

+rrr 1..* +launit

1

+party 0..1+rrr

0..*

0..*0..*

8LADM as ISO 19152

class Figure 9. Classes of Spatial Unit Package

VersionedObject



VersionedObject



VersionedObject




VersionedObject



VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_SpatialUnitGroup

+ susID: Oid+ hierachyLevel: Integer+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceBuildingUnit

+ type: LA_BuildingUnitType [0..1]+ buildingUnitID: Oid [0..1]

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_LegalSpaceNetwork

+ extPhysicalNetworkLink: ExtPhysicalNetwork [0..1]+ type: LA_NetworkType [0..1]+ status: LA_NetworkStatusType [0..1]+ belowSurface: LA_NetworkLevelType [0..1]

+ getGeometry() : GM_Geometry

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialU::LA_Lev el

+ lID: Oid+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ type: LA_LevelContentType [0..1]+ structure: LA_StructureType [0..1]+ registerType: LA_RegisterType

«invariant»{If structure = text than geometry/topology is optional}

«invariant»{If dimension = 3D than structure in LA_Level can be toplogical, polygon, unstructured or point}

VersionedObject

SpatialU::LA_RequiredRelationshipSpatialUnit


Topology relationship ISO19125_Type as defined ISO 19125

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Admin::LA_RequiredRelationshipBAUnit


«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_AreaType

+ officialArea+ nonOfficalArea+ calculatedArea+ surveyedArea

«datatype»SpatialU::LA_AreaValue

+ areaSize: Area+ type: LA_AreaType

«enumeration»SpatialU::

LA_BuildingUnitType

Attributes+ shared+ individual


LA_DimensionType

+ 0D+ 1D+ 2D+ 3D+ liminal


LA_Lev elContentType


LA_NetworkLev elType

+ mixed+ below+ above+ onSurface


LA_NetworkStatusType

«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_NetworkType

«CodeList»SpatialU::LA_StructureType

+ text+ point+ unstructuredLine+ polygon+ topological


LA_VolumeType

+ officialVolume+ nonOfficalVolume+ calculatedVolume+ surveyedVolume

«datatype»SpatialU::LA_VolumeValue

+ volumeSize: Volume+ type: LA_VolumeType

0..*

0..*

+level 0..1

+su 0..*

+element1..*

+set 0..1

+set

0..*

+element

1..*

+element1..*

+set0..1

0..*

0..*

+rrr 1..* +launit

1

+party 0..1+rrr

0..*

0..*0..*

9LADM as ISO 19152

Content


10LADM as ISO 19152

Spatial Representation and Survey subpackages of SpatialUnit

• Geometry, topology of Spatial Units (based ISO 19107)• Spatial source (based ISO/CD 19156 Observations and

Measurements)

class Figure 6. Spatial Description Package

SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFace

SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFaceString

class Figure 5. Surv eying Package

Surv ey::LA_Point

Surv ey::LA_SpatialSource

11LADM as ISO 19152

2D and 3D integration

• observation: 2D description implies 3D prismatic volume • 2D polyline (GM_curve) implies string of vertical faces

LA_FaceString

Linestring at local ground level

+

-

Node = vertical edge

LA_FaceString

left parcel

right parcel

GM_Curve

12LADM as ISO 19152

class Figure 10. Classes of Surv eying and Spatial Description Package

VersionedObject



VersionedObject



VersionedObject




VersionedObject



+ areaClosed() : Boolean+ volumeClosed() : Boolean+ computeArea() : Area+ computeVolume() : Volume+ createArea() : GM_MultiSurface+ createVolume() : GM_MultiSolid

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFace

+ fID: Oid+ /geometry: GM_Surface

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFaceString

+ fsID: Oid [0..1]+ /geometry: GM_MultiCurve [0..1]+ locationByText: CharacterString [0..1]

constraints{either derived geometry (2..* points) or locationByText (0 points)}

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Surv ey::LA_Point

+ pID: Oid+ pointType: LA_PointType+ interpolationRole: LA_InterpolationType+ originalLocation: GM_Point+ monumentation: LA_MonumentationType [0..1]+ /productionMethod: LI_Lineage [0..1]+ /spaceDimension: Integer+ transAndResult: LA _Transformation [0..*]+ estimatedAccuracy: Length

+ GetTransResult() : GM_Point

«FeatureType»Surv ey::LA_SpatialSource

+ measurements: OM_Observation [0..*]+ procedure: SF_SurveyProcedure [0..1]+ type: LA_SpatialSourceType

for polygon-based spatial units: no minus and at least one plus, for topology-based spatial units: at least one plus or minus

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»LADM Classes::LA_Source

+ sdID: Oid+ acceptance: DateTime+ recordation: DateTime+ submission: DateTime+ maintype: CI_PresentationFormCode [0..1]

« size measure»{if dimension=2 then at least areaif dimension=3 then at least volume}

«CodeList»Surv ey::

LA_MonumentationType

+ beacon+ cornerstone+ marker+ notMarked


LA_SpatialSourceType

+ fieldSketch+ gnssSurvey+ relativeMeasurement+ orthoPhoto+ topoMap+ video

«datatype»Surv ey::LA_Transformation

+ transformation: CC_Operation+ transformedLocation: GM_Point

«CodeList»Surv ey::LA_InterpolationType

+ midArc+ start+ end+ mid+ isolated

«CodeList»LA_PointType

+ source+ control+ noSource

0..*

minus

0..*

1..*

1..*

+source

0..1

0..*

+source0..1

0..*

+sourcePoint 1..*

+source 1..*

0..*

0,2..*{ordered} 0..*

plus

0..*

0..*

minus

1..*

1..*

plus

0..*

+representedby

0..1

0..*

0..*

0..*

+element 1..*

+set 0..1

0..*

0..*

+rrr

1..* +launit 1

+surveyor

1..*

0..*

+party

0..1+rrr 0..*

0..*

0,3..*{ordered}

2D and 3D integration• 2D polyline (GM_curve) implies string of vertical faces:

LA_BoundaryFaceString• true 3D described with arbitrary oriented faces:

LA_BoundaryFace

13LADM as ISO 19152

class Figure 10. Classes of Surv eying and Spatial Description Package

VersionedObject



VersionedObject



VersionedObject




VersionedObject



+ areaClosed() : Boolean+ volumeClosed() : Boolean+ computeArea() : Area+ computeVolume() : Volume+ createArea() : GM_MultiSurface+ createVolume() : GM_MultiSolid

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFace

+ fID: Oid+ /geometry: GM_Surface

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»SpatialR::LA_BoundaryFaceString

+ fsID: Oid [0..1]+ /geometry: GM_MultiCurve [0..1]+ locationByText: CharacterString [0..1]

constraints{either derived geometry (2..* points) or locationByText (0 points)}

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»Surv ey::LA_Point

+ pID: Oid+ pointType: LA_PointType+ interpolationRole: LA_InterpolationType+ originalLocation: GM_Point+ monumentation: LA_MonumentationType [0..1]+ /productionMethod: LI_Lineage [0..1]+ /spaceDimension: Integer+ transAndResult: LA _Transformation [0..*]+ estimatedAccuracy: Length

+ GetTransResult() : GM_Point

«FeatureType»Surv ey::LA_SpatialSource

+ measurements: OM_Observation [0..*]+ procedure: SF_SurveyProcedure [0..1]+ type: LA_SpatialSourceType

for polygon-based spatial units: no minus and at least one plus, for topology-based spatial units: at least one plus or minus

VersionedObject

«FeatureType»LADM Classes::LA_Source

+ sdID: Oid+ acceptance: DateTime+ recordation: DateTime+ submission: DateTime+ maintype: CI_PresentationFormCode [0..1]

« size measure»{if dimension=2 then at least areaif dimension=3 then at least volume}


LA_MonumentationType

+ beacon+ cornerstone+ marker+ notMarked


LA_SpatialSourceType

+ fieldSketch+ gnssSurvey+ relativeMeasurement+ orthoPhoto+ topoMap+ video

«datatype»Surv ey::LA_Transformation

+ transformation: CC_Operation+ transformedLocation: GM_Point

«CodeList»Surv ey::LA_InterpolationType

+ midArc+ start+ end+ mid+ isolated

«CodeList»LA_PointType

+ source+ control+ noSource

0..*

minus

0..*

1..*

1..*

+source

0..1

0..*

+source0..1

0..*

+sourcePoint 1..*

+source 1..*

0..*

0,2..*{ordered} 0..*

plus

0..*

0..*

minus

1..*

1..*

plus

0..*

+representedby

0..1

0..*

0..*

0..*

+element 1..*

+set 0..1

0..*

0..*

+rrr

1..* +launit 1

+surveyor

1..*

0..*

+party

0..1+rrr 0..*

0..*

0,3..*{ordered}

Code lists• Typical example values • Not limited to given values• Can be extended in country profiles

14LADM as ISO 19152

2D and 3D integration

• between 2D and 3D spatial unit transition via liminal spatial units

3D parcel

3D parcel

Liminal 2D

spatial unit

3D spatial units

3D spatial units

Simple 2D

spatial unit

Liminal 2D

spatial unit A

Liminal 2D

spatial unit

2D Liminal

3D

3D

3D

3D

3D

3D

3D 3D

Liminal

15LADM as ISO 19152

Introduction of LA_Layer

Z=0, or local

ground

+

-

closed GM_curve

3D LA_SpatialUnit in layer 2 not broken by layer 1 boundaries (LA_FaceStrings)

• organization based on content or structure:• example 1, content-based: one layer with ‘primary’ (strongest) rights, another

layer with rights that can be added/subtracted (e.g. restrictions)• example 2, structure-based: one layer with topologically structured parcels

(one part of the country), another layer with (unstructured) line based parcels (other part of country)

• can also be used in 3D context:one layer ‘normal’ parcels, anotherlayer with subtracted 3D parcels

• based on independence principle

• each country design own layers

16LADM as ISO 19152

Content


17LADM as ISO 19152

ISO 19152 Annexes

A. Abstract Test Suite B. Social Tenure Domain Model C. Instance Level Cases D. Country Profiles E. Spatial Profiles F. Legal ProfilesG. LADM and INSPIRE (Cadastral Parcels)H. LADM and LPIS (Agricultural Parcels)

18LADM as ISO 19152

Spatial profiles fill-in the options

• Text• Point• Unstructured line• Polygon• Topology

• 2D• 3D• Mixed

Gives 5 times 3 options (15 in total), now 3 examples

19LADM as ISO 19152

Point based (2D)

The following classes should be omitted• LA_BoundaryFaceString;• LA_BoundaryFace

class Profile E1. 2D Point based

LA_SpatialUnit

Point_SpatialUnit

+ address: ExtAddress [0..*]+ area: LA_AreaValue [0..*]+ structure: LA_StructureType = point+ referencePoint: GM_Point

constraints{context Self::areaClosed() : Boolean post: result = false}{context Self::computeArea() : Integer post: result = 0}{context Self::computeVolume() : Integer post: result = 0}{context Self::volumeClosed() : Boolean post: result = false}

The following optional attribute was omitted from the specialized class:type.

It is assumed that values for Area wil l be required and should be contributed from other sources, namely implementations of the LA_SpatialSource

The following classes should be omitted from any implementations of the Point Profi le:LA_BoundaryFaceString;LA_BoundaryFace

Specialization from the LA_Point class can sti l l be used within this profile, through the existing relationship with a specialization from LA_SpatialSource. Such classes were not represented in this diagram.

20LADM as ISO 19152

Unstructured line based (2D)

The following classes should be omitted• LA_BoundaryFaceString

class Profile E3. Unstructured (line) based

LA_SpatialUnit

Unstructured_Profile::Unstructured_SpatialUnit

+ addressID: ExtAddress [0..*]+ layer: Integer [0..1]+ structure: LA_StructureType = unstructured+ type: LA_SpatialUnitType = 2D::LA_SpatialUnit+ address: ExtAddress [0..*]+ area: LA_AreaValue [0..*]+ dimension: LA_DimensionType [0..1]+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]+ suID: Oid+ volume: LA_VolumeValue [0..*]::VersionedObject+ beginLifespanVersion: DateTime+ endLifespanVersion: DateTime [0..1]+ quality: DQ_Element [0..*]+ source: CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

The following optional attribute was omitted from the specialized class:referencePoint;

Consideration of a 2D type for FaceString objects (geometrically represented by GM_Curve) comes from the conceptual definition of a FaceString as a set of connected vertical faces defined through a linear object.

If values for Area should be derived from the FaceString (namely through the computeArea() operation), then this attribute should be omitted. No special constraints are defined regarding the operations, hence they are not shown, but are inherited "as is" from the superclass.

LA_BoundaryFaceString

Unstructured_Profile::Unstructured_BoundaryFaceString

+ fsID: Oid+ /geometry: GM_Curve::LA_BoundaryFaceString+ fsID: Oid [0..1]+ /geometry: GM_MultiCurve [0..1]+ locationByText: CharacterString [0..1]::VersionedObject+ beginLifespanVersion: DateTime+ endLifespanVersion: DateTime [0..1]+ quality: DQ_Element [0..*]+ source: CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

The following optional attribute was omitted from the specialized class:locationByText.

The attributes fsID and geometry were turned mandatory in this profi le. The fsID attribute is the identifier for a given Unstructured_FaceString. If the associated Unstructured_SpatialUnit represents a l inear object, then a single Unstructured_FaceString can represent multiple Spatial Units.

The following class should be omitted from any implementations of the Unstructured Profi le:LA_BoundaryFace

Specialization from the LA_SourcePoint class can stil l be used within this profi le, through the existing relationship with a specialization from LA_SpatialSource. Such Classes were not represented in this Diagram.

+spatialUnit

1..*

«/derivedLADM»

+simple_FaceString

1..*

21LADM as ISO 19152

Examples from the Queensland DCDB

• Original boundaries• No splitting• Compact

22LADM as ISO 19152

class Profile E6. 3D Topological based

«Invariant»{non_intersection: Faces do not (self-)intersect intersect and do meet other Faces at their boundaries}

This is the spatial profi le of a part of the world that is modelled in pure 3D based on topology structure (so no 2D or l iminal representations in this layer). There are no overlaping volumes (3D_SpatialUnits). However, volumes may be open at the bottom or the top, corresponding to non-bound 3D_SpatialUnits (in this case tha size of the volume can not be computed).

The following class should be omitted from any implementations of the 3D_ProfileDefinition:LA_BoundaryFaceString

This is the topological spatial profi le for the 3D case. Note that in 3Dl_Layer the attribute type is fixed to 'topological'.In the 3D_SpatialUnit the attribute dimension is fixed to '3D', there stil l is an optional referencePoint, which should be provided via a 3D GM_Point. Finally, there are a set of constraints defining a valid topolical structure for a 3D volume partition.

«invariant»{All topological Faces are used once in plus and also excatly once in minus direction. Unless the Face is on the boundary of thedomain then either the plus or theminus direction is used once (and the other zero times).}

«Invariant»{All 3D_Faces have outward orientation (normal vector points to the outside). All 3D_faces together form at least one outer shell and 0 or more inner shells. In principle the Shells are closed, with the exception that they me open (unbound) to the top (sky) and bottom (earth) direction.}

LA_Level

3D_Profile::3D_Lev el

+ lID: Oid+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ type: LA_LevelContentType [0..1]+ structure: LA_StructureType = topological+ registerType: LA_RegisterType [0..1]::LA_Level+ lID: Oid+ name: CharacterString [0..1]+ type: LA_LevelContentType [0..1]+ structure: LA_StructureType [0..1]+ registerType: LA_RegisterType::VersionedObject+ beginLifespanVersion: DateTime+ endLifespanVersion: DateTime [0..1]+ quality: DQ_Element [0..*]+ source: CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

LA_SpatialUnit

3D_Profile::3D_SpatialUnit

+ suID: Oid+ psuID: Oid [0..1]+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ name: CharcaterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]+ dimension: LA_DimensionType = 3D+ volume: Volume [0..1]::LA_SpatialUnit+ address: ExtAddress [0..*]+ area: LA_AreaValue [0..*]+ dimension: LA_DimensionType [0..1]+ label: CharacterString [0..1]+ referencePoint: GM_Point [0..1]+ suID: Oid+ volume: LA_VolumeValue [0..*]::VersionedObject+ beginLifespanVersion: DateTime+ endLifespanVersion: DateTime [0..1]+ quality: DQ_Element [0..*]+ source: CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

LA_BoundaryFace

3D_Profile::3D_BoundaryFace

+ fID: Oid+ /geometry: GM_Surface+ estimatedAccuracy: Length [0..1]+ productionMethod: LI_Lineage::LA_BoundaryFace+ fID: Oid+ /geometry: GM_Surface::VersionedObject+ beginLifespanVersion: DateTime+ endLifespanVersion: DateTime [0..1]+ quality: DQ_Element [0..*]+ source: CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

+su 0..*

<</derivedLADM>>

+layer 0..1

0..*

minus<</derivedLADM>>

0..1

0..*

plus<</devivedLADM>>

0..1

Topology based (3D)

The following class is omitted• LA_BoundaryFaceString

23LADM as ISO 19152

Content


24LADM as ISO 19152

Conclusion

• Spatial Unit is one package with two subpackages (Survey and Spatial Representation)

• Spatial Units are universal in their land administration application (ownership, easement, utilities, building,..)

• Range of representations: text 3D topology

• Based on other ISO standards ISO19107 and ISO19156

• Integrate 2D and 3D representations

Documents

1 LADM as ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM, ISO 19152) Spatial Unit Package and Spatial Profiles Peter van Oosterom ISO/TC211, LADM workshop,