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7/26/2019 1 Hvdc Dasar Hnk2013
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V G RAOV G RAO
HVDC / KOLAR HVDC / KOLAR
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Due to ease of transformation of voltage levels (simple
transformer action) and rugged suirrel cage motors!AL"#R$A"%$G C&RR#$" is universall' utilised
*ot+ for G#$#RA"%O$ and LOAD, and +ence for
"RA$,-%,,%O$
Generators are at remote places! a.a' from t+epopulated areas ie t+e load centers
"+e' are eit+er %" H#AD "H#R-AL or H0D#L
"ur1ines drive s'nc+ronous generators giving an
output at 23453 6V
Voltage is 1oosted up to 557 or 877 KV 1' step4up
transformers for transmission to LOAD,
"o reac+ t+e loads at +omes/industr' at reuired safe
levels! transformers step do.n voltage
R#A,O$, 9OR AC G#$#RA"%O$ A$D "RA$,-%,,%O$R#A,O$, 9OR AC G#$#RA"%O$ A$D "RA$,-%,,%O$
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– CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS EFFECTED
THROUGH HVAC SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
– HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVER LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE
LENGTH , UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW
VOLTAGES DURING LIGHTLY / OVER LOADED
CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC
– CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE
ADVANTAGES OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS
CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSFERRING 2000 MW
FROM ER TO SR
COMPARISION OF HVAC & HVDC SYSTEMS
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HVDC: USE less currentHVDC: USE less current
• Direct current : Rollalong the line ;opposing force friction
(electrical resistance )• AC current illstruggle againstinertia in the line
(!""ti#es$sec)%cuurent inertia –in&uctance%reacti'epoer
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etter Voltage utilisation ratingetter Voltage utilisation rating
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DC has reater ReachDC has reater Reach
• Distance as ell as
a#ount of *+,ER
&eter#ine the choice
of DC o'er AC
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D-REC. CURRE/. C+/SERVES 0+RES.D-REC. CURRE/. C+/SERVES 0+RES.
A/D SAVES 1A/D A/D SAVES 1A/D
• Fewe !"##$% TOWER, e!! $!!e!
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C+/.R+11-/ or E-/C+/.R+11-/ or E-/
C+/.R+11EDC+/.R+11ED
• 2 raising the le'el in tan3 ;controlle& ater flo
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C+/.R+11-/ or E-/C+/.R+11-/ or E-/
C+/.R+11EDC+/.R+11ED
• 4ER+ -0 Vr5V-5!"V
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HVDC pro'i&es increase poerHVDC pro'i&es increase poer6ut &oes not increase the short6ut &oes not increase the short
circuit *+,ERcircuit *+,ER
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ADVA$"AG#, O9 HVDC OV#R HVAC "RA$,-%,,%O$
– CONTROLLED POWER FLOW IS POSSIBLE
VERY PRECISELY
– ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION POSSIBLE
BETWEEN REGIONS HAVING DIFFERENT
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
– NO RESTRICTION ON LINE LENGTH AS NO
REACTANCE IN DC LINES
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ADVA$"AG#, O9 HVDC OV#R HVAC "RA$,-%,,%O$
– STABILISING HVAC SYSTEMS 'DAMPENING OF POWERSWINGS AND SUB SYNCHRONOUS FRE(UENCIES OF
GENERATOR.
– FAULTS IN ONE AC SYSTEMS WILL NOT EFFECT THE OTHER
AC SYSTEM.
– CABLE TRANSMISSION
.
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ADVA$"AG#, O9 HVDC OV#R HVAC "RA$,-%,,%O$
CHEAPER THAN HVAC SYSTEM DUE TO LESS TRANSMISSION
LINES & LESS RIGHT OF WAY FOR THE SAME AMOUNT OF
POWER TRANSMISSION
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C+S.: AC 's DC .rans#issionC+S.: AC 's DC .rans#ission
Terminal Cost AC
Terminal Cost DC
Line Cost DC
Line Cost AC
Break Even Distance
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HVDC BIPOLAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
2 DOUBLE CIRCUIT HVAC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
2000 MW HVDC VIS' A' VIS : HVAC SYSTEMS
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AC
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DC
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DC
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.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDC
HVDC is the unique solutionto interconnect asynchronoussystems or grids with
diferent requencies.Solution: HVDC Back-to-Back
Up to 600 MW
Back-to-Back Station
C C
50 Hz 60 Hz
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.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDCHVDC re!resents the mosteconomical solution to
transmit electrical energyo"er distances greater thana!!ro#. $%% kmSolution: HVDC &ong
Distance
Up to 3000 MW
Long Distance Transmission
C C
DC line
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.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDCHVDC is an alternati"e or
su'marine transmission.(conomical e"en or shorterdistances such as a ew)%km*miles
Solution: HVDC Ca'le
Up to 600 MW
Long Submarine Transmission
C C
DC ca'le
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HVDC *%OLAR L%$K, %$ %$D%AHVDC *%OLAR L%$K, %$ %$D%A
$#R
#R
,R
$R $#R
#R
,R
$R
R%HA$D4D#LH% 44 5;<37 -=
CHA$DRA&R4ADG# : 5; <37 -=
"ALCH#R4KOLAR : 5;2777 -=
#R "O ,R
,%L#R&4*ARA,OR# 4 277 -=
#>#R%-#$"AL RO?#C"#R :,R
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HVDC IN INDIAHVDC IN INDIA
B)#$* B)#$* HVDC L%$K CO$$#C"%$G
R#G%O$CAAC%"0
(-=)L%$#
L#$G"H
Rihand –Dadri North-North 1500 815
Chandra!r -"ad#he
$est - $est 1500 %5&
Talcher –'olar
East – (o!th &500 1)*%
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A,0$CHRO$O&, L%$K, %$ %$D%AA,0$CHRO$O&, L%$K, %$ %$D%A
$#R
#R
,R
$R $#R
#R
,R
$R
V%$D0ACHAL ($4=) : 5;537 -=
CHA$DRA&R (=4,): 5;377 -=
V%@AG (#4,) 4 5;377 -=
,A,ARA- (#4$) 4 2;377 -=
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HVDC IN INDIAHVDC IN INDIA
B*+'%$'B*+B*+'%$'B*+
+,DC LN' C.NNECTN/RE/.N
CA"ACT2$3
,ind4achal North – $est & &50
Chandra!r $est – (o!th & 500
,i6a# – East – (o!th 500
(asaram East – North 500
,i6a# – East – (o!th 500
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AS-C *R-/C-*1ESAS-C *R-/C-*1ES
.7
+,DC TRAN(2((.N
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AC "ransmission rincipleAC "ransmission rinciple
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HVDC "ransmission rincipleHVDC "ransmission rinciple
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Direct c!rrent is !t to !se in common lie or drivin# o!r orta9le devices: ;"(s: 9atter4 s4stems and vastl4 in
rail<a4 locomotives=
USE OF DCUSE OF DC
DC A, A -#A$, O9 "RA$,-%,,%O$DC A, A -#A$, O9 "RA$,-%,,%O$
"+is +as 1een possi1le .it+ advent of
Hig+ po.er/ +ig+ current capa1ilit' t+'ristors
9ast acting computerised controls
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I-#$%*% M)e!%$e! ) %e Dee$#-e% $1 HVDCI-#$%*% M)e!%$e! ) %e Dee$#-e% $1 HVDC
%e+$$3%e+$$3
• 7 Heitt8s #ercur2%'apour rectifier9 hich appeare& in !"!• 7 E<peri#ents ith th2ratrons in A#erica an& #ercur2 arc 'al'es in
Europe 6efore !="• 7 0irst co##ercial HVDC trans#ission9 otlan& ! in Se&en in
!>=
• 7 0irst soli& state se#icon&uctor 'al'es in !?"• 7 0irst #icroco#puter 6ase& control e@uip#ent for HVDC in !?• 7 Highest DC trans#ission 'oltage ($% B"" 3V) in -taip9 rail9
!=• 7 0irst acti'e DC filters for outstan&ing filtering perfor#ance in !=• 7 0irst Capacitor Co##utate& Con'erter (CCC) in Argentina%rail
interconnection9 !• 7 0irst Voltage Source Con'erter for trans#ission in otlan&9
Se&en 9!
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Hig+ Voltage "+'ristor Valve Histor' Hig+lig+ts
2B< 9irst "est Valve 5 parallel E3 mm "+'ristors F 237 V
2BB =orlds 9irst Contract for an HVDC ,'stem .it+ "+'ristor Valves
5 parallel E3 mm t+'ristors F 237 V for 5777 A
2B<3 =orlds 9irst Contract for =atercooled HVDC "+'ristor Valves
5 parallel 35 mm t+'ristors F E377 V for 5777 A
2B7 =orlds 9irst Contract for HVDC ,'stem .it+ 277 mm "+'ristors
no parallel t+'ristors F 8577 V for E77 A
2BB8 9irst HVDC Contract &sing 6V "+'ristors
277 mm t+'ristors F 777 V
2BB< 9irst "+'ristor Valve .it+ Direct4Lig+t4"riggering
277 mm t+'ristors .it+ 1rea6over protection F 777 V for 5777 A
5772 9irst complete HVDC ,'stem using Direct4Lig+t4"riggered
"+'ristors .it+ integrated 1rea6over protection F 777 V
"+e #volution of "+'ristor Valves in HVDC"+e #volution of "+'ristor Valves in HVDC
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%f DC is reuired to 1e used for transmission
>
since our primar' source of po.er is AC!
t+e follo.ing are t+e 1asic steps
1= C.N,ERT AC into DC rectifier)
&= TRAN(2T DC
)= C.N,ERT DC into AC inverter3
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P"#$!e & 1"+%)$ $1 T3)!%$ V*eP"#$!e & 1"+%)$ $1 T3)!%$ V*e
? Connects AC p+ases to DC s'stem
? Conduct Hig+ Current : currents upto E777A .it+out t+e reuirement
of paralleling of t+'ristors
? *loc6 Hig+ Voltage : *loc6s +ig+ voltage in for.ard and reverse
direction up to KV
? Controlla1le : t+'ristor triggering /conduction possi1le .it+ t+e gate
firing circuits
? 9ault tolerant and ro1ust
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S-/1E *HASE HA10 ,AVE REC.-0-ERS-/1E *HASE HA10 ,AVE REC.-0-ER
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SINGLE PHASESINGLE PHASEFULL WAVEFULL WAVE
RECTIFIERRECTIFIER
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SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIERSINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER
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4'P"!e C$e%$ B)5e4'P"!e C$e%$ B)5e
3
6
CiLs
4
E1 1s
Ls
Bi
iA
1
2
I
VFd
5
V&
-&d1
&
C fV lt & C t f -& l
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Voltage an& Current of an -&ealVoltage an& Current of an -&eal
Dio&e B *ulse Con'erter Dio&e B *ulse Con'erter
Alpha = 0
Overlap =0
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+peration of Con'erter +peration of Con'erter
? #ac+ t+'ristor conducts for 257I
? #ver' 7I one "+'ristor from Jve lim1 and one "+'ristorfrom :ve lim1 is triggered
? #ac+ t+'ristor .ill 1e triggered .+en voltage across it1ecomes positive
? "+'ristor commutates t+e current automaticall' .+en t+evoltage across it 1ecomes :ve Hence! t+is process is callednatural commutation and t+e converters are called LineCommutated converters
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? "riggering can 1e dela'ed from t+is point and t+is is called firing angle
? Output voltage of t+e converter is controlled 1' controlling t+e :Rectifier action
? %f B7I negative voltage is availa1le across t+e 1ridge : %nverteraction
? Due to finite transformer inductance! current transfer from onet+'ristor valve to t+e ot+er cannot ta6e place instantl'
? "+is dela' is called over lap angle M and t+e reactance calledcommutating reactance "+is also causes additional drop in t+e voltage
+peration of Con'erter +peration of Con'erter
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-&eal /o%1oa& Con&ition-&eal /o%1oa& Con&ition
B
2
A
1
C
3
Vd
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Effect of Control AngleEffect of Control Angle
B
A
2
C
1
α
Vd
3
α α
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RECTIFIER VOLTAGERECTIFIER VOLTAGE
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INVERTER VOLTAGEINVERTER VOLTAGE
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DC .er#inal VoltageDC .er#inal Voltage
120 @
!"C#I$ICA#IO%
0240 @1&0 @ 300 @ 120 @60 @ 1&0 @
0'&66" ' 2
√ LL
" ' 2√ LL
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DC .er#inal VoltageDC .er#inal Voltage
120 @
I%V"!(IO%
0240 @1&0 @ 300 @ 120 @60 @ 1&0 @
0'&66" ' 2√ LL
" ' 2√ LL
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DC Voltage Verses 0iring AngleDC Voltage Verses 0iring Angle
%!
%";E
%";B
%";=
%";G
"
";G
";=
";B
";E
!
" H" B" :" !G" !>" !E"
Vd
alpha
Vd=Va)*1'35 *+)os alpha,-.2/
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? Commonl4 adoted in all +,DC alications
? T<o * !lse 9rid#es connected in series
? )0@ hase shit 9et<een (tar and Delta
<indin#s o the converter transormer
? D!e to this hase shit: 5th and %th harmonicsare red!ced and ilterin# hi#her order
harmonics is easier ? +i#her !lse n!m9er than 1& is not economical
!G%*ulse Con'ertor ri&ge!G%*ulse Con'ertor ri&ge
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DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N 23IN 23I
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DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N B7IN B7I
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DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N 23IN 23I
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HVDC 1in3 Voltage *rofileHVDC 1in3 Voltage *rofile
+ ,
C CABL" or O. LI%"
+ (d rd
,(C++(,
dio ,V
+ /0
d c
cos
r+ (d
& + /
0
d c
cos
Vdio +
+1V(,(,
γ
α
Vd!=Vdio! )osα,Id )"r VdI=VdioI+)osα,Id )"r
2 2
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Control of DC VoltageControl of DC Voltage
V 6 V 7 V 8
V 2V 4V 9
* h a s e A
U5
* h a s e B
* h a s e C
I5
P $ w e F & $ wA C S 3 ! % e - D C S 3 ! % e -
V 6 V 7 V 8
V 2V 4V 9
* h a s e A
U5
* h a s e B
* h a s e C
I5
A C S 3 ! % e - D C S 3 ! % e -P $ w e F & $ w
H " B " : " ! G " ! > " ! E "
"
: U 5
' U 5
! B "
>
R e + % ) 1 ) e
O # e * % ) $ .
I . 0 e % e
O # e * % ) $ .
α
Re+%)1)e O#e*%)$ Ie%e O#e*%)$
R l ti +i f DC V lt &d d 9i iRelations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iring
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Relations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iringRelations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iring
AngleAngle
H " B " : " ! G " ! > " ! E "
"
α
: U 5
' U 5
! B "
L i m i tα - n v
>
L i m i tα R e c t =
R e + % ) 1 ) e O # e * % ) $ .
I . 0 e % e
O # e * % ) $ .
t ω
o
*0=α
U 5
o
)0=α
o
0=α
o0=α o1&0=α
o150=α
' U 5
t ω
U 5
U 5
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H$w 5$e! HVDCO#e*%e;
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$OR-AL O=#R D%R#C"%O$$OR-AL O=#R D%R#C"%O$
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R#V#R,# O=#R O#RA"%O$R#V#R,# O=#R O#RA"%O$
Sche#atic of HVDCSche#atic of HVDC
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Sche#atic of HVDCSche#atic of HVDC
2odes o .eration2odes o .eration
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2odes o .eration2odes o .eration
DC OH L)e
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters!ea)tors
S-$$%) Re*+%$
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters sht)apa)itors
S-$$%) Re*+%$
Biolar
Crret
Crret
Io&es of +perationIo&es of +peration
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Io&es of +perationIo&es of +peration
DC OH L)e
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters!ea)tors
S-$$%) Re*+%$
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters
S-$$%) Re*+%$
2onoolar /ro!nd Ret!rn
Crret
Io&es of +perationIo&es of +peration
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Io&es of +perationIo&es of +peration
DC OH L)e
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters!ea)tors
S-$$%) Re*+%$
C$e%e
T*!1$-e
T3)!%$
V*e!
400 -VAC Bs
AC $ilters
S-$$%) Re*+%$
2onoolar 2etallic Ret!rn
Crret
"ALCH#R TALCHER KOLARTALCHER KOLARSCHEMATICSCHEMATIC
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'olar
Chintamani
C!daah
+ood4+os!r
(alem
;d!malet
2adras Blore
- 500 ', DC line
1)%0 '2
#lectrode
,tation
#lectrode
,tation
8776v ,'stem
5576v s'stem
KOLAR
SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC
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Sharing of .alcher *oer Sharing of .alcher *oer
• .a#il /a&u % BB I,
•
• A* % = I,
• • Jarnata3a % =BB I,
• Jerala % " I,
• *on&icherr2 % B I,
KOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMKOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
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• P$<e+% H))%!
– FOR TRANSMITTING 2000 MW OF POWER FROM NTPC TALCHER
STPS 'II AND FOR SHARING AMOGEST SOUTHERN STATES THE
2000 MW HVDC BIPOLAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IS
ENVISAGED AS
EAST SOUTH INTERCONNECTOR II =ESICON >II?.
– THIS IS THE LARGEST TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TAKEN UP IN
THE COUNTRY SO FAR
– THE PRO@ECT SCHEDULE IS (UITE CHALLENGING
• AGAINST THE 80 MONTHS FOR SUCH PRO@ECTS, THE
PRO@ECT SCHEDULE IS ONLY 7 MONTHS
• SCHEDULED COMPLETION BY @UNE 2007
TACLHER'KOLAR 800 V HVDC TRANSMISSION SYTEM
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• P$<e+% H))%!
– KEY DATES
• AWARD OF HVDC TERMINAL STATION PKG ' 69TH
MAR 2000
• AWARD OF HVAC PACKAGE '
2TH APR 2000
– APPROVED PRO@ECT COST ' RS. 748.46 CR
– THIS IS THE FIRST OF SUCH SYSTEM WHERE THE ENTIRE
GENERATION IN ONE REGION IS EARMARKED TO ANOTHER
REGION.
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Salient eatures? Rectifier "alc+er! Orissa
? %nverter Kolar! Karnata6a
? Distance ≈ 2E<7 6m
? Rated o.er 5777 -=
? Operating Voltage 377 6V DC
? Reduced Voltage 877 6V DC
? Overload
? Long time! 87 C 253 pu per pole
?Half an +our 2E pu per pole
? 9ive ,econds 28< pu per pole
SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
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SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
BIPOLAR MODE OF OPERATION '' 2000 MW
MONO POLAR WITH GROUND RETURN ''' 6000 MW
MONO POLAR WITH METALLIC RETURN MODE ''' 6000 MW
DEBLOCKS EACH POLE AT P -) 600 MW
POWER DEMAND AT DESIRED LEVEL
POWER RAMP RATE '' 6 : 700 MW /MIN
POWER REVERSAL IN OFF MODE
SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
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SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
OVER LOAD CAPACBILITIES
RATED POWER '' 2000 MW
LONG TIME OVER LOAD POWER : /60 HOURS '' 2800 MW
SHORT TIME OVER LOAD : 8 SEC' 7260 MW
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HARMONIC FILTERS
AT TALCHER
TOTAL FILTERS : 69
DT 62/29 FILTERS EACH 620 MVAR ' NOS
DT 7/74 FILTERS EACH MVAR ' 9 NOS
SHUNT REACTORS 67 MVAR' 2 NOS
SHUNT CAPCITORS 67 MVAR' 6 NOSDC FILTERS DT 62/29 & DT 62/74 : 6 N$ #e #$e.
AT KOLAR
TOTAL FILTERS : 6DT 62/29 FILTERS EACH 620 MVAR ' NOS
DT 7/74 FILTERS EACH MVAR ' 9 NOS
SHUNT CAPCITORS 67 MVAR' 8 NOS
DC FILTERS DT 62/29 & DT 62/74 : 6 e*+ #$e
SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
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–MONOPOLAR GROUND RETURN ' 6000 MW POWER CANBE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE THERETURN PATH IS THROUGH THE GROUND WHICH ISFACILITATED THROUGH A EARTH ELECTRODE STATIONSITUATED AT ABOUT 78 KMS FROM THE TERMINALS ANDCONNECTED BY A DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINE.
– MONOPOLAR METALLIC RETURN ' 6000 MW POWER CANBE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE THERETURN PATH IS THE TRANSMISSION LINES OF OTHERPOLE.
– BALANCED BIPOLAR MODE > 2000 MW CAN BETRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE WITH ONE:VE AND OTHER > VE .
SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES
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&CH(,-23&, HVDC 4 (HVC S5S(6
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