1 Cell Organization

8/17/2019 1 Cell Organization

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CellOrganisation


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• Unicellular organisms are organisms which

consist of single cell.

• Although simple, they are able to perform all

vital functions and living processes within a cell.

• They can feed, respire, excrete and move.

• They are sensitive to external and internal

conditions, and are able to reproduce and

grow.


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Amoeba sp.


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Amoeba sp.

Habitat

• Live in freshwater lakes, are

also abundant in damp soil

General characteristics• Enclosed by a plasma membrane.

• hanges its shape constantly as it

meets obstacles and responds to

stimuli.

Living processes

• !eeding

• Locomotion

• "espiration

• Excretion

• "espond to

stimuli

• "eproduction


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LivingLiving

processes ofprocesses ofamoeba sp.amoeba sp.

!eeding Locomotion

"eproduction

"espiration

Excretion

"esponses to

stimuli

http://method%20of%20feeding%20in%20amoeba.ppt/http://locomotion%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://reproduction%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://respiration%20of%20amoeba%20sp.ppt/http://excretion%20of%20amoeba%20sp.ppt/http://responses%20to%20stimuli%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://responses%20to%20stimuli%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://responses%20to%20stimuli%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://excretion%20of%20amoeba%20sp.ppt/http://respiration%20of%20amoeba%20sp.ppt/http://reproduction%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://locomotion%20of%20amoeba.ppt/http://method%20of%20feeding%20in%20amoeba.ppt/


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CellSpecialisation in

multicellular

organisms


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ell

Tissue

#rgan

$ystem

#rganism

The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all

the functions of living things

A group of cells of the same type that

perform a specific function in organism

$everal types of tissue that carry out a

particular function

Several organs working together to perform a function

All the systems make up a

multicellular organism.


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Cell organisation in the

formation of tissues,organs and systems in

animals


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Some of the humans cells and their functions

ell !unction

%uscle cell Able to contract and relax and areinvolved in movement

&hite bloodcell

Involves in defence of the body againstdiseases

"ed blood cell Transports oxygen

'erve cell Receives and sends out nerve impulses

$perm Fertilises the ovum


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There are ( ma)or types of tissues in animals*

• Epithelial tissues• %uscle tissues

• onnective tissues

• 'erve tissues


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Epithelial Tissue

• !orm a skin surface and protect the

tissue beneath it.• !orm a lining layer for tubes or lines the

cavities of the body.

• +rotect against infection, mechanicalin)uries and dehydration.

• ndergo changes to form glands.


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Muscle Tissue

• ost abundant tissue in the body

$mooth muscle $keletal muscle ardiac muscle

• ontraction and

relaxation for

involuntary body

activities

-peristalsis

along digestive

tract

• /oluntary

movements

• ontract andrelax to move

the bone

• ontract to

pump blood to

all parts of the

body.

• 0nvoluntary

movements


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Connective tissue

• 1old the body together.

• !or example, bone,

cartilage, blood,tendons, ligament.


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Nerve Tissue

• Transmits and coordinates messages

around the body.


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cellstissuesorganssystems


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2iscards toxic

waste products+roduces off

spring

Absorbs and transports

oxygen and discards

carbon dioxide

3reaks down

complex food into

simple

substances for

easy absorptionby body cells

Systems


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Transports food

substances,

oxygen, hormones

and others to the

entire body

2efends the body

against disease

+rovides bodily

support and

protection to solf

internal organs

+roduces

hormones that

control the bodily

activities


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$kin surface to

protects the tissue

beneath it.

oordinates and

controls all bodily

activities related to

impulses and reactions

1elps in movement

of the body.


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Cell organisation inplants


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Some of the plants cells and their functions

ell !unction

+arenchymacell

!or support and storage

4ylem Transports water and mineral salts

$ieve tubeelement

Transports organic product ofphotosynthesis

ompanioncell

"egulates the metabolic activity of sievetube element

Epidermal cell!or protection and covering of other cellsbeneath


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Tissues of plants

%eristemictissue

permanent

tissue

Epidermaltissues

5roundtissues

/asculartissues

• $mall cell, thin walls, large

nuklei, dense cytoplasm, no

vacuole.

• 6oung, actively dividing

• !orm a layer to cover,

protect entire surface of

plant and reduces water

loss

• +rovides support

and strengthens

the plants

• Transports

water, food and

support


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3ears flowers,fruits, buds and

leaves

Anchors the plant,

absorbs water and

mineral, stores food.


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1 Cell Organization