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Cell Structure and Organization

-Plant cells have an outer boundary called cell wall which

surrounds the plasma membrane (bersebelahan)

Living component of cell

(protoplasm)

Cytoplasm Nucleus

______-__

Contain tiny structure calledOrganelles-cellular component

that perform specific function Within

the cell

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.

-Separates the content of a cell from its external environment

-Control the activities in and out of a cell

- Place where biochemical reactions- Most living processes occur within the cell

-Maintains the shape of plant cell-

-Stores chemical such as acids,sugar,amino acid,mineral salts

-plant elongation by absorb water and causing it expand

Cell sap

tonoplast

Young plant has smaller vacuole than matured plants

STUCTURE VACUOLE

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

CELL WALL

VACUOLE

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- Controls all cellular activities

- (DNA) determines the characteristic of a cell andmetabolic functions

RED- Nucleolus (dense, darker)LINES- Chromatin - (carries genetic material in the form DNA)

Cell wall=Nuclear envelope

(separates the contents from cytoplasm)Cytoplasm=nucleoplasm

VACUOLE

-Sites of cellular respiration

-ENERGY is generatedMITOCHONDRIA

-(its connected to r.e.r)-Sites ofPROTEINRIBOSOMES

-ROUGH ER = transport protein made by ribosome in a cell

-SMOOTH ER = Synthesis lipids

ERENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM

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_

.

-MODIFIES proteins and carbohydrates

-TRANSPORT proteins to other part of cell

-SORT AND PACKAGES proteins in secretory vehiclesGOLGIAPPARATUS

-Function as digestive compartments

-lysosomes fuse with food vacuole to

form enzymeLYSOSOMES

-Form Spindle Fibres during cell division

in animal cellCENTRIOLES

-Chlorophyll trap energy from sunlightAnd converts light energy into Chemicalenergy during photosynthesis

-Green pigment gives the green colour leaf

CHLOROPLASTS

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Comparison between the structures of animal and plant cell

SIMILARITIES-both have nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum ,

plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus , mitochondria

Structure Animal cell Plant cell

SHAPE Do not have fixed shape Have a fixed shape

Cell wall Do not have cell wall Have cell wall

Chloroplast Do not have chloroplasts Have chloroplast

Food storage Carbohydrates stores in

Glycogen

Carbohydrates stores in

the form ofstarch

Centrioles Have centrioles Do not have centrioles

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Used an organelles in cells

Mitochondria-energy in the form ofATP

Chloroplasts

R.e.r and Golgi Apparatus

SPERM CELLS- to swim towards ovumMUSCLE CELLS- contact and relax to enable movement and flight

MERISTEMATIC CELL(immature plant )- reproduce newcell during active division

PALISADE MESOPHYLL CELL- absorb sunlightduring photosynthesis

Pancreatic cell secrete enzymes and hormones

Salivary glands secretes enzymes

Stomach epithelium secrete digestive enzymes

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S.E.R

GolgiApparatus

Liver Cells- carbohydrates metabolism and

detoxification of drugs and poisons

Goblet cells- secrete mucus

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CELL

TISSUES

ORGANS

SYSTEMS

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

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TISSUES Epithelial tissue _______________ Muscle tissue

_______________

Nerve Tissue

_______________ Connective Tissue

_______________________________________

Epithelial Tissue

Skin/lining of the

mouth and esophagus

Form a protective barrier against infections,

mechanical injuries, chemicalsBody cavities, heart,

blood vessels and

lungsAlveoli-exchange of gases

Small intestine Absorb nutrients after digestion completed

Glands, ducts,

kidney tubulesTo form glands in the skin

Trachea They have cilia and secrete mucus

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MUSCLE TISSUE (most abundant tissue in most animals)

Smooth Muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle-voluntary movement contract to pump blood

NERVE TISSUE

-Control the coordinate and activities of the body-Composed of neurons (consist of dendrites and axon)

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

-Bones , Blood , Lymph, Fat cells

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SYSTEM

-Nervous system , Skeletal system , Circulatory system, Digestive system,Respiratory system, Excretory system, Reproductive system, Muscular

system, (skin)Integumentary system, Endocrine system, Lymphatic system

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES(CONSIST OF SMALL CELLS WHICH HAVE THIN WALLS )

Apical meristems -tip of root and buds of shoots whichundergo meiotic Cell Division

(increase number of cell

) Lateral meristems/cambiaperipheral areas of stems androot which responsible for Secondary growth (add girth)

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PERMANENT TISSUE

(MORE MATURE CELLS)

Contains guard cell control the opening and

closing the stomata

Epidermal Tissue

Ground Tissue

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.PARENCHYMA TISSUE

STORE PRODUCTSOF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Palisade mesophyll

cells and spongy mesophyll cells

contain chloroplast and carry outphotosynthesis

To support in

herbaceous plants Provides protection

and support

the plants

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ROOT HAIR CELL