MP2 QUARTERLY EXAM STUDY GUIDE Jan.

2015ANSWERS

1. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2. Compare and contrast multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms

Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell. Multicellular organisms are two or more cells and the cells are arranged in the levels of organization (tissues, organs, organ systems).

3. Cell part responsible for controlling the movement of materials into & out of the cell:

Cell membrane

4. Diffusion & Osmosis

Diffusion – the movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated; examples: sugar, O2, salt

Osmosis – the diffusion of water

5. Why does diffusion occur?

Particles are in constant motion and they want to move from high to low.

6. Equilibrium in a cell: Particles are

constantly moving to create an equal concentration of the solute on both sides of the cell membrane.

7. Why do cells need active transport? Define it.

Active transport: the movement of molecules with energy from low concentration to high concentration.

Cells need active transport to keep a concentration gradient and to move large molecules.

8. 3 types of active transport:

Molecular transport: small molecules & ions are carried across membranes by proteins; example: Na+/K+ Pump

Endocytosis: taking materials into the cell by infoldings or pockets in the cell membrane; example: phagocytosis & pinocytosis

Exocytosis: the release of large amounts of material from the cell

HYPOTONIC: the concentration of water side the cell is greater than inside the cell; water moves in & the cell swells.

ISOTONIC: the concentration of water inside &Outside the cell is equal

HYPERTONIC: the concentration of water inside the cell is greater than outside the cell; water moves out & the cell shrinks

10. Autotroph & Heterotroph:

Autotroph: organisms capable of producing their own food; example: plants

Heterotroph: organisms that can not produce their own food; example: humans

11. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

Aerobic: requires oxygen; example: cellular respiration

Anaerobic: without oxygen; example: fermentation

Cell

Resp

iratio

nP

hoto

syn

thes

is

Organelle: mitochondrion Occurs: all eukaryotic cells Chemical & Word formulas:

Organelle: chloroplast Occurs: plant cells only Chemical & Word formulas:

13. What is ATP? What does the cell use it for?

ATP is adenosine triphosphate, it is the energy molecule. Cells use it for things like active transport.

14. ATP molecule:

X

15. How plants obtain energy vs how humans obtain energy:

Plants: convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Plants use both photosynthesis and cellular respiration to create and use energy.

Humans: eat plants & other animals and convert the energy in nutrients they receive into energy (ATP). Humans (and animals) eat their food and use cellular respiration to release the energy in food.