Chapter I

Introduction

The domain of education has progressed immensely post-independence in India. Both the public

sectors as well as the private sector participate in the provision of Education in this country. The

central, state, and local entities look into the administrative and financial requirements for

providing Education. Management education – a specialized area of the Indian Higher education

is one of the fastest growing fields. This is evident through the extensive growth of B-Schools

imparting courses in Business Management.

India being a developing country lacks resources available to Western countries and hence

aspirants to higher Education have to choose alternate means of availing education. One such

method of divulging higher education is through the Distance Learning mode, which is being

implemented by many institutions to cater to the learning needs of Indian students aspiring

higher education. Through the years this system has grown in popularity as it is not necessary to

to be present in a physical manner. Thus this mode has proved to be highly useful and has

subsequently led to the setting up of many business schools in India who provide higher

education in this mode.

Education scenario in India

India has deep roots and a rich heritage in the context of Education. In ancient times it was a

focal point for pupils from all over Asia and beyond. Nalanda and Taxila feature amongst the

most notable learning centers of ancient times. The University of Nalanda had a total of eight

colleges and was the preferred place of education for not just Indian students but also students

from various other countries in Asia. In its prime it had well over five thousand educators and

scholars.

The Taxila University had specialized in the field of medicine – some of the prominent teachers

include Kautilya, the minister of Chandragupta Maurya and Panini, who was an authority on

grammar. With the arrival of the British in India – the education system changed pre-dominantly

– from being private to public in nature. The British aimed to create a class of people who would

be educated to run their administrative services in an efficient manner. Thus learning was more

focused on understanding the Western way of life and differed from the ancient methods of

Nalanda and Taxila. With the introduction of Charles Wood's Dispatch known as ‘Magna

Carta’of Indian education, the whole scenario changed India witnessed the Western style of

education brought here by the British and has become an integral part of the current educational

system. The basis of the current educational methods had been laid through this Dispatch of

1854.

As stated before the domain of education has progressed immensely post-independence in India.

Both the public sectors as well as the private sector participate in the provision of Education in

this country. The administrative and financial requirements for providing Education are taken

care by the central, state, and local entities.

One of the prime contributing factors in the growth of any country is the ‘Education System’ and

the same is true with India. The system in this country is getting geared up for the dynamic

changing times with a large number of schools, colleges and universities across the whole

country.

A vast multitude of colleges provide education through mainstream methods and distance-

learning courses. There are more than 45,000 colleges and 300 Universities and of various types

in the country. IITs, IIMs, JNU, DU and other MBA institutes constitute the most important

educational institutes in India.

The below provided statistics showcase the growth of Indian Education Institutes –

1. The Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management, and Jawaharlal

Nehru University in 2005 and 2006 featured in the Times Higher Education of the

world’s top 200 universities

2. The Indian School of Business located in Hyderabad was ranked number 15 in global

MBA rankings by the Financial Times of London in 2009

3. A pioneer of legal education in India - The National Law School of India University,

Bangalore is often considered to be the best law school in South Asia

4. The AIMS has been recognized as a global leader in medical research and treatment

The education system in India can be divided into many stages:

1. Pre- Primary–Denotes the nursery, lower kindergarten and upper kindergarten. Pre-

Primary segment consists of kids between three to five years of age.

2. Primary - Primary segment mainly covers kids studying in classes from 1st to 5th

standard.

3. Middle - It comprises of students from sixth standard to eight standard.

4. Secondary - It comprises of children who are in ninth and tenth standard.

5. Higher Secondary - It covers learners in eleventh and twelfth standards .

6. Undergraduate - An undergraduate student goes to college to complete his higher

education .The curriculum may differ according the stream ,eg Commerce , Science ,

Arts , Engineering will have different subjects.

7. Post-graduate- A student can pursue further higher education at post-graduate level ,

which is normally termed as Master's Degree , eg. Master of Arts (M.A.) , Master of

Commerce (M.Com.) etc.

The below given list includes the Education Governing Bodies in India:

1. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE): CBSE is the prime controlling

body of education system in the country. The Central Board of Secondary Education

takes care of examinations and also monitors the working of schools which are accredited

by this board.

2. The Council of Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE): The CISCE board

conducts two exams, namely, ' Indian Certificate of Secondary Education' and ' Indian

School Certificate. Learners who have just finished 10th standard, are taken care of the

Indian Certificate of secondary education and learners who are in 12th standard are taken

by the Indian school certificate.

3. The State Government Boards: In addition to CBSE and CISCE , every state in the

country has its own local board of education, which takes care of the state level exams

and certification

4. The National Open School : The National Open school was established by the

government in 1989. Its aim is to provide education to those learners who can not afford

to visit the regular schools due to various economic and social constraints.

5. The International School : It monitors the schools, which are teaching as per

international curriculum and methods , eg IB, IGCSE boards.

Education Policy

The education system in India has been following the guidelines of the National Policy of

Education (1992). Multiple objectives were laid down for the development of education system

in India as a part of this policy but it has not been successful in achieving all of them. Many

characteristics of this system need to change as per today’s prevailing conditions. One of the

major issues troubling the Education system is the presence of corruption which is clearly

evident in the distribution of seats for higher studies. Learning based on inquiring and research

need to replace the conventional memorization-based learning in India.

Another negative character of Indian Education system is doing differentiation among students

based on their caste or religion. Certainly, our country's education system has evolved to a great

extent in last number of years and it is on the path to further development, however, there is

striking difference between the objectives set by the policy makers and seriousness with which

these policies are implemented. This has lead to huge shortfall in GER objective of the country.

The National policy of education (1986) and Program of action (1992) has set various objectives

and features of Indian education policy. These are :

1. Peaceful coexistence and development of international cooperation with help of

education.

2. Providing equal conditions and equal opportunities for students to succeed ,ie, Promotion

of equality.

3. A standardized education pattern i.e. 10 years of school level study plus two years of

Higher Secondary studies and three years of study at undergraduate level.

4. There is a lot of differentiation between men and women in Indian education system. The

education system should be developed such that it helps to bring the women status at par

with men.

5. There is very poor education facilities in tribal areas. and one of the objective of National

policy of education is to open more and more primary level education facilities in tribal

areas.

6. Designing and preparing the course content and books in the local languages .

7. Stress on the development of minority castes through education.

8. Introduction of Mission for National Literacy. Adult education and educating the citizens

in the age bracket of 15-35 years has been taken up as a major objective of the National

Policy of education. This shall help them to get better employment opportunities and

generate higher income leading to improved standard of living.

9. Revamping of various programs and introduction of professional courses, especially in

the higher education segment in line with changing local and global economic and

industrial environment

10. Research work should be one of the major thrust area for institutions of higher education

and the national policy aims to provide exclusive support for research work at

universities.

11. With rapidly changing external environment, people need to continuously upgrade their

knowledge and skills on an ongoing basis. Hence setting up of Open Universities and

Distance education centers is one of the key thrust area of National Policy on Education.

12. The aim of our examination should be to bring about improvements which are qualitative

in nature and it should not encourage pure memorization. The examinations should try to

motivate the students to understand the concepts instead of only memorizing them.

What Is Management Education?

Management education began to progress in the 18th century and has prominently originated

from western ideology and practices. A lot of variations and advances have taken place in this

field from that time to the current period. The internal details of how various Managerial

functions perform are taught in this field. Learning in Management field is imparted at different

levels , including undergraduate level as well as post graduate level . The special programs

aimed at education in Management stream at undergraduate level are known as 'Bachelor of

Business Administration' (BBA) or 'Bachelor of Management Studies' (BMS). The Management

Education programs at Post Graduate level are known as 'Master of Business Administration'

(MBA) or 'Master of Management Studies' (MMS).

Education in this field has been greatly affected with the dynamic changes that have taken place

in the current times. This century has seen India witness a wide transformation in its educational

system. The old-fashioned approach and practices related to the study of Management have been

replaced by more proficient specialized methodology which caters to the current business

demand which has more monetary value today. Factors such as globalization and liberalization

have been highly instrumental in this practice.

In the early days of Management – only HR Management, Finance and Marketing were

considered as core areas of management. Today a course in Management has taken a new

meaning and encompasses the fields such as Logistics, SCM, Retail Management, Management

of Operations, IT and IS.

As a consequence of the highly practical and job-oriented nature of Management education it has

become the education of choice today. There was an urgent requirement for establishing bodies

in the field of management education which were similar to the IITs. In this context by investing

time and money, the private sector has borne the responsibility of developing the Management

Education field in India.

The vision of developing quality institutions catering to the study of Managerial practices

resulted in the creation of the first IIM - IIMA (Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad).

Along the years ten more IIMs were set-up in -Indore, Tiruchirapalli, Shillong, Ranchi,

Bangalore, Kozhikode, and Kolkota. To further expand management education at national level,

government has given clearance to set up seven additional IIMs , which will take the total

number of IIMs to fourteen.

In recent years, with continuous increase in number of enrollments the management education is

now offered in various modes like fulltime classroom based education or evening programs by

many leading universities as well as their associated institutes and even IIMs. The governing

body – AICTE has approved several autonomous institutes, universities to run distance education

programs in the open mode. Prominent among these are IGNOU, Sikkim-Manipal University

and ICFAI. Many recognized institutions like Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies

(JBIMS) ,Welingkar Institute of Management etc have been also conducting MBA programs in

part time mode , where students have to come in the evening between 6.30 pm to 9.30 pm . This

part-time program duration is of three years.

In recent years, India has seen exponential growth of opening of Management Education

institutes. Most of the newly opened management education institutes are run by private sector.

There is opening of management institutes for a number of new verticals like Construction,

Aerospace, Retail, Agri-business , E-business etc in addition to traditional areas like Marketing,

Finance , Human Resource , Operations. However, this sudden growth of management institute

has also lead to a number of quality issues.

Many leading Management institutes have also done collaboration with leading foreign

universities. This helps to bring international perspective to the education and also exposes the

students to new ways of learning. The institutes having foreign collaboration also arranges for

students and faculty exchange programs under which students and faculties of both institutes

visits each others' country for collaborative learning .

There has been rapid growth in number of management education institutes from the time of

independence to the recent past. With opening up number of management education institutes,

the overall number of students getting professional knowledge has improved considerably. As

per the annual report for the year, 2010

colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times

compared to the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26

times compared to those at the time of independence.

Further, specifically during the year 2008

students opting for Management Education at Post

the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management

institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in

the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake

has increased by 123 % during the same period.

Table 1.1 Growth of Business schools in India

per the annual report for the year, 2010-11 released by Ministry of HRD, there were just 500

colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times

the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26

times compared to those at the time of independence.

Further, specifically during the year 2008-09, there has been extra-ordinary growth in number of

gement Education at Post-graduate level and this year can be termed as

the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management

institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in

the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake

has increased by 123 % during the same period.

Table 1.1 Growth of Business schools in India

11 released by Ministry of HRD, there were just 500

colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times

the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26

ordinary growth in number of

graduate level and this year can be termed as

the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management

institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in

the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake

Need for improvement of Quality Management Education in India

An energetic setting needs to be created in terms of encouraging quality management education

schools to enhance education standards for managerial skills. This endeavor will not only

improve the business environment but also propel India to become a world leader in academics.

The ever-increasing need for people from the management background has propelled the growth

of education in this sector in the recent times. The actual reason behind this growth is the fact

that youth in India are attracted to the high salaries and the high society status of the jobs

associated with Management. As liberalization is fueling the growth in business every segment

of the economy demands well-trained personnel who can manage people in organizations. It is

now rather than ever before that quality in the education has become a pre-requisite – so that the

things taught in the B-school match the realistic requirements of the business world.

As discussed earlier most segments of the industry are working hard towards the induction of

people from the managerial background. The pronounced factor behind this is the liberalization

and the subsequent increase in the world economy and growth in commerce and technology.

Thus an exponential requirement for Management graduates has taken place in the Indian

industry with virtually every sector expanding and providing more jobs in their respective

domains.

India in the next decade will have to increase the production of young management graduates to

fuel and sustain the economic growth. Many business forecasts propose that there is a capability

crunch despite of the seventeen-hundred plus B-schools. There is a prominent gap in the

demand-supply in the Management domain which is showcased by an ever-increasing trend of

students going abroad for studies. As per NAAC study, nearly 56 % of universities have never

been evaluated for qualitative parameters ,where as this % is further bad in case of colleges.

Nearly 75 % of colleges have not gone for NAAC accreditation.

No Indian B-school features amongst the top-50 international rankings. In today’s times of

dynamic change there is a clear requirement to be globally innovative as Managers and this can

be brought about by bringing in the requisite quality in the Indian Managerial education

environment.

As per Mckinsey report of the year 2005, only 15 % of accounts and finance executives, 25 % of

engineers of Indian institutes and 10 % of professionals with degree are employable for

multinational corporates..This statistic brings out the fact that we need to focus on creating

quality in the education that is being imparted in India. Some Indian companies have started to

recruit professionals from overseas inspite of large number of management professionals being

produced and available in the country .

The current business environment requires Managers that have the right attitude and elastic

outlook along with the technical skill sets. A B-school needs to be aware of the specific outputs

in the process of calculating a broad-based focus on quality perseverance. This process should

lead to a nurturing of practical, innovative and highly learned management graduates. The

business demands should drive and provide management aspirants with a variety of opportunities

to success which are derived from today’s dynamic conditions.

Managers today need to don the role of problem solvers to suit the competitive and a highly

dynamic environment that has become a reality today. B-Schools would need to utilize and

leverage diversities in market conditions to produce superior quality management graduates.

They also need to associate and connect supply and demand beyond Indian boundaries and

benefit from the resemblances in various business related facets.

The ever-changing business dynamics and present challenges in the industry have to be

incorporated in the educational curriculum of the B-schools with a specific perspective on the

global trends. With globalization and liberalization bringing in changes learning in management

is not just about national dynamics but also about developing international business models that

explore economic relations and inadequacies across various regions of the world.

Emerging Trends in Management Education in India

This paper also aims to understand the Emerging Trends in Management Education in India. Due

to the fact that higher education and specifically Management Education in India is growing at

an extremely rapid rate it is essential to understand the important trends in this field which are

understood through the multitude studies on management education in India. The trends which

have developed, branch into two broad types – positive and negative. The trends which show

improvements are the enhancement in the infrastructure and technology, the growth in the

number of management aspirants, improvement in the student placements, hikes in the salaries

offered to the students and exposure to the context of global learning.

In the present day Indian Business Management institutes are equipped with excellent campus

and good infrastructural facilities but many fail to impart the quality management education. The

areas that need improvement are aspects like teaching actual business challenges, innovation in

solving business problems and communication training.

Seen as major lacunae today are the faculty performance which is considered poor and the

practical research in business methodologies. On a global threshold Indian business schools

score low on educational factors such as the campus to corporate interaction and projects in

business research.

What is Distance Education

Distance education can be traced back to the early 1700s. This type of education falls outside the

formal boundaries of educational institution or classrooms. Students who cannot attend classes or

are not able to present in any usual institutes get benefited from this type of education.

Distance education learning is much affordable and many students select it for scholastic

reasons, due to this fact many universities provide the opportunity of distance learning. The

development in science and technology has paved many more ways and has added various

procedures to support distance learning programs. People, who have access to internet, can take

advantage of the online classes, learn quickly and easily with the help of the Internet. However,

we cannot underestimate the importance of traditional method of distance learning because even

today there are many students who do not have the facility of internet and many cannot afford

the costs as well.

Globalization has affected the education field tremendously and awareness among consumers

has led to enhance the usual development and standard of living as well as the academic

standards of people. Distance learning provides compilation of information, internet connectivity

facility, improvement in employment and fulfillment of the academic needs. The business

knowledge aspiring population is experiencing an evolution in their way of thinking, attitude and

analyzing their objectives. The upcoming generation has found distance learning as a potential

method of acquiring higher education.

As per data, there are 16 million students acquiring higher academic degrees and the figure is

believed to become more than double by 2020. The Indian institutes have a lower number of

admissions due to poor accessibility and lack of proper financial support despite having a large

number of institutes catering to management, which is largest in the world. Apart from this many

deserving students cannot get admission in campus because of the high fee structure and higher

cut-off percentage. It cannot be denied that a large portion of the socio-economic section of the

Indian society lives below par and they start working at quite younger age. This enhances the

socio-economic gap and below level education makes them continue with same substandard way

of living.

In fact, this form of learning will help bridging the socio-economic gap and also assist in tapping

the knowledge potential of individuals. Distance learning is designed to meet different needs of

the people and hence has manifold benefits.

The working professionals or fresher who need to opt for employment can continue with their

education without quitting their daily job. The certification or degree for which one is seeking

distance learning will add up to his qualification and help him get a hike in salary and

designation as well. Thus this mode of learning works on wide range of fields and most of all, is

within the reach of the common man.

In addition, the advancement of technology that has not left education segment untouched has

converged students, tutors and academic promoters to be connected with each other with the help

of online networks. This technology has helped overcome the drawbacks of distance learning

like promptness, quality and dedication of students to a great extent. Both, working professional

and student can have complete access to education just because of online resources of

information. It provides active online platform for the teachers, faculty and orientation.

The technology of distance learning is of two types – simultaneous (synchronous learning) and

consecutive (asynchronous learning). In the former type all the contributors are present in one

time and this appears just like a usual classroom with the only fact that the participants are

located remotely. Everyone has to follow a specific routine. This type of education is done with

the help of videoconferencing, web conferencing, educational programs on television and many

more. These are done with the help of telephone and web-based VoIP, internet radio, direct-

broadcast satellite.

The globalization in almost every sector has increased the availability of job opportunities for

almost all. Today, even the individuals who have not acquired university degrees can continue

education and get employed as well. This gives them an opportunity to progress equally.

However, due to the growing competition and the desire to obtain a job it is quite possible that,

acquiring higher academic degrees may not be the priority of even the higher or the middle class.

Reason behind this can be lack of proper funding or time or other responsibilities, which do not

support individuals attending campus education. This is where distance learning is of great help

and this shows way of attaining career and offers equally valued academic path and all available

without compromising with the comfort level.

A major benefit of the distance mode is that with consecutive learning programs students have

the flexibility of studying in their own time. Correspondence through mail is the oldest form of

consecutive distance learning. Print materials, video and audio recordings are sent. Many open

universities offer day teaching or residential teaching to compensate remote coaching and they

provide the facility to their students to have face-to-face learning if they need. Distance learning

programs are also provided through online virtual worlds, interactive radio and active

instructions, webinars, digital games and web casts.

History of Distance Education in India

In the post-independence Indian context, the Commission for education planning laid the

foundation for university-level correspondence mode of education. This decision came from the

lacunae in the conventional system to cater to the rising demand for higher education in the

country. Through the 3rd five year plan the commission suggested the introduction of at the

University level Education through the distance (correspondence) mode.

The Indian Government acted on the recommendation made by CABE (Central Advisory Board

of Education) to exploit opportunities in education through distance learning(correspondence)

mode. An Expert Committee chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari was created towards the above

mentioned endeavor. It is was through the suggestions of this body that the first steps were taken

in creating Correspondence Courses for the further spread of education in India. Based on these

recommendations this mode was chosen to be an alternative mode to conventional education in

the year 1962 and the University of Delhi was the first introduce this course. The School of

Correspondence Courses and Continuing Education was set-up in this campus to cater to the

educational needs of students who wanted to enhance their knowledge through higher education

Rajasthan and Punjab Universities followed the success of courses in the Delhi University the

correspondence courses in distance education. They respectively setup such courses in their

campuses in 1968. These Universities were followed in 1969 by the Universities of Mysore and

Meerut. Thus began the era of distance education and many other Universities commenced

similar courses through the distance mode.

The success and growth of correspondence education continued in the 1970s as nineteen new

Universities commenced courses in the correspondence education mode of distance learning.

Thus the era between 1962 to early 1980s can be called as the phase of the correspondence mode

of education. This transitioned to the next phase of Open Distance Education through the

establishment of the first Open University in 1982.

With the advent of a complete University catering to ODL this mode expanded further in the

eighties. During this period, concept of Open Universities also started. Open Universities do not

run programs in dual mode, but exclusively conduct all programs through distance mode only.

In 1982the State of Andhra Pradesh created the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University,

Hyderabad. The setting up of IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) by the

Government of India in 1985 proved very important for ODL development. The growth in this

field became exponential after the founding of IGNOU and is thus thought to be a breakthrough

development in this area. With the advent and spread of computers in the mid-1990s ODL

donned the garb of the online courses and education in this field became digitized and high

advanced in terms of technology.

Thus from humble beginnings in the early 1960s to the present date the field of ODL has grown

remarkably. Hence it is critical to understand why distance education has originated. It is due to

the restrictions of the traditional system of education, that decision makers in this field adopted

the Distance Education mode. As we know in that it is not a requisite in this mode to be

physically present in a conventional classroom setting thus it has become a medium of choice for

a vast number of students from the country.

Materials for the learners are provided through various means. In the early days they received it

through postal services. Today they can also access the dedicated websites and online resources

for study materials. Apart from study material the learners are provided with subject specific

assignments, project work and case studies which are analyzed and assessed by SMEs (Experts)

from their respective fields. Although this mode allows students to study from home, it also has

the provision of meeting designated faculty from the Distance learning department of the

respective educational institution. PCP(Personal Contact Programmes) is the name given to such

meeting between the stakeholders in the ODL courses. The concept of distance education in the

first four decades was purely associated with print material. In the present day a wide variety of

non-print media along with print material is employed for facilitating distance education.

Prominent amongst these are the use of virtual learning sessions through the use of the Internet

and world-wide web, the use of CDs and DVDs to access information in a digital manner.

The significance and development of distance learning

The rapid development of distance learning has helped overcome several obstacles by traditional

universities to high education and this is a great step towards meeting the changing requirement

of education worldwide. The number of students seeking higher education is increasing year

after year and this has made students opt for different ways of learning also.

With several benefits offered, there is rapid popularity of distance learning especially among

those who want to continue with their education along with carrying on with the responsibilities

of their families and career. This was not possible with the traditional way of education. Public

universities are also getting benefited by this popularity because they can now ease the body

count of their classrooms and avoid cancellation of classes. This had led many well-known

universities to add distance learning programs so that the flow of revenue continues. On the

whole, this technology literacy has benefited the society giving greater access to education.

A professional workforce is needed to keep pace with advancement in technology and meet the

demands of education along with finding solution to many social, economic and environmental

problems. Online education will have an important role to play in facilitating future students

meet the challenges.

Distance learning courses in hybrid form can make things easier and more convenient. This will

be the right combination of online teaching technologies and faculty resources and help make the

best use of facilities. Although traditional learning still holds its position, advancement in

technology has helped various needs of students met with ease. Distance learning has also helped

many adult learners get benefited. They can attend B-schools along with retaining their jobs and

pursue educational goals along with gaining work experience.

The industry of today demands regular update of knowledge and skills from workers and this has

made people opt for education along with staying employed. The National Committee of Enquiry

has produced report on higher education saying that greater than 50 % of students getting post

graduate level qualifications are adult learners. With more and more people feeling the need to

upgrade them selves with higher education and with rapid development of digital education and

open universities, the admission numbers of the people going for management education is

certainly going to rise at rapid pace.

The authorities in education are currently in the process of estimating what will lead to success

and growth of digital education. Whether this will depend on collaborative efforts and using each

other's resources or whether digital technology will be integrated fully into management

education. With the rapidly growing rate of management aspirant enrollments the integration of

technological tools in educating and handling classrooms is posing a challenge as the seats fills

and enrollment increases. Due to the increment in enrollments and lack of space ,the solutions

that can meet the challenges of managing space constraint as well administering a large number

of students, are receiving attention of education providers. Technology is evolving briskly and is

providing new openings to rethink how to educate students.

A lot of experts in the field of Management argue that education has already been integrated with

technology and it should be looked at as the norm rather than a specialty or choice. One of the

most notable topics in the field of research in distance education is the study of comparison

between distance and traditional methods of education. This is often a point of argument whether

study in the distance mode is the same standard, or better than the convention mode of

education? A very large number of academicians as well as research scholars have put in efforts

for many years to evaluate whether Distance Education can provide the equal level of learning

and knowledge like a physical class room based education. The conventional mode of education

is often considered as the ideal mode of educational delivery and thus various other modes of

education like online education or distance education or e-learning etc can be benchmarked

against traditional classroom based education. Based on the above information it is apparent that

distance education is has become an essential part of the higher education today and is extremely

critical in the dynamically changing business context.

To support the above arguments we can think of the multiple modes of delivery in imparting

distance learning. These are definitely instrumental in transforming studying and teaching related

aspects and delivery systems. Thus they are creating evolution in the management education.

Thus diverse modes of knowledge transfer such as CDs, Audio Visual Information, Interactive

sessions over the internet and websites seem to eliminate the difference in the various distance

learning modes.

Growth of Management Education in India

A course in Management has gained considerable prominence and is in high demand in today’s

dynamically changing business environment. The forces of globalization and the subsequent

liberalization have generated a pronounced demand for the learning in the managerial field. Our

country has witnessed exponential growth in adopting to the global practices post the WTO

agreement.

Education in this field has been greatly affected with the dynamic changes that have taken place

in the current times. This century has seen India witness a wide transformation in its educational

system. The old-fashioned approach and practices related to the study of Management have been

replaced by more proficient specialized methodology which caters to the current business

demand which has more monetary value today. Factors such as globalization and liberalization

have been highly instrumental in this practice. In the early days of Management – only HR

Management, Finance and Marketing were considered as core areas of management.

A majority of countries around the world are affected by the practice of globalization both on a

financial as well as commercial level. Education in the field of management has come into focus

to cope with the element of world-wide competition created by the ever-diversifying economic

and business conditions. There has been a pronounced growth in the field of management

learning in India in the last couple of decades. This dynamic business environment has cemented

the way for improved demand for management graduates in the industry. This has led to a

significant expansion of management education across the country – this is clearly evident from

the ever-growing number of graduates who pass out every year to become aspiring managers.

The courses offered in the stream of management are - full-time, part time, executive, distance

mode or in a specialized mode. Management education can be imparted at the following levels -

undergraduate, post graduate and PhD. While studying in management can be pursued at the

above mentioned levels, the preferred level which most students obtain a management education

is at the post graduate level. Courses in MBA, PGDM, MPM and MMS are the most popular

management courses amongst Indian students.

There has been a pronounced growth in the field of management learning in India in the last

couple of decades. An exponential growth has been observed in the institutions offering an

education in the field of management since the mid-1990s in India. As of the present day it is

being estimated that there are more than 2000 educational institutions which offer various

courses in the field of management. Many of these B-Schools offer the most coveted degrees in

management – MBA and the PGDM degrees. While many of the schools lack global standards in

terms of quality in various aspects there are institutions which feature in the global rankings. In

2011 the Financial Times placed IIM Ahmedabad as 11th in the management institution world-

wide ranking.

History of Management Education in India

Management training in India is scarcely 50 years of age. It started in early 1950s as part-time

learning for employed executives, and full time course in management offered by a handful of

educational institutes. In the last two decades, the development of management training in India

has been wonderful. The predominant full-time MBA in India began path in 1957, and the two

IIMs in Calcutta and Ahmedabad showed up in 1961 and 62, individually. It is intriguing to note

these two B-Schools advertised by the Federal Govt. had the joint effort of Sloan School of

Business, and Harvard B-School. Numerous other B-Schools developed during 1960's and

1970's. Nonetheless, the genuine development was from 1991 (the Indian liberalization year).

XLRI, Jamshedpur, the most prominent B-school in the private division created its MBA course

in 1966. The third IIM in Bangalore and the fourth IIM in Lucknow was introduced in 1984. In

the few decades, since 1991, the amount of MBA courses offered has enlisted a shocking 800

percent development. In spite of the fact that precise figures are not accessible from the

administrative figure – the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)-, dependent upon

the writing survey, estimates amounts of business schools in diverse years and normal yearly

augmentations of business schools for distinctive periods as indicated in Table-1.

Management Education, India: Current status

At present, India has in the ballpark range of 2000 Management Institutes (Business Baron: Feb

– March 2011) where over 150,000 understudies get conceded. There is an ascent in the seats of

Indian Institute of Management (IIMs) to what added up to 2650, together with those at the new

IIMs in Raipur, Ranchi, Rohtak and Trichy. In order to hold the strength of the 'Brand IIM', the

more advanced in years IIMs will be handholding the firsthand IIMs. Case in point, IIM

Calcutta, will advise IIM Ranchi, and IIM Lucknow, will tutor IIM Rohtak. Two Chinese

institutions and two out of 2000 business schools from India – IIM, Ahmedabad and Indian

School of Business (ISB) – were evaluated in the top 20 business schools in the Financial Times'

worldwide MBA standing 2011 in which ten out of top 20 business schools were from USA.

Most managerial establishments in India offer 5 courses of two-year span. To set up a managerial

institution or B-school does not require consent from UGC (University Grant Commission) or

AICTE (All India of Council for Technical Education).On the other hand, if the establishment

longings to honor a post graduate degree in administration an endorsement from AICTE /UGC

must be coveted. Few Management establishments like ISB and IIMA have additionally a one-

year, full-time MBA course for executives with extensive work experience. A few organizations

have set-up study communities for distance studying instruction degrees. Numerous abroad

facilities, and also distinguished Indian establishments, propose MBA courses totally through the

web (Abdul 2005). Indian business schools need to quickly affix this inclination to propose

online MBA courses with developing upsurge in the web use in India.

Classifications of Management Institutions in India

The administration foundations in India thoroughly have the capacity to arrange into six sorts

(Mathew 2006), as accompanies:

Category 1: IIMs and Indian School of Business are from the top fifty government and private

educational foundations which are connected with the all-inclusive distinguished administration

organizations.

Category 2: The amount of branches of managerial establishment studies just as in government

and private area like Faculty of Management Studies-Delhi University and School of Business of

Alliance University wanted to be very nearly two-hundred and fifty which also comprise of

organizations that are expressed as "esteemed universities”.

Category 3: Managerial establishments which are associated with private colleges with courses

that are devised and analyzed by the relevant universities and the MBA degrees are presented by

them. The significance of courses presented by the largest numbers of 1350 management

institutes would primarily be determined by the quality and status of the concerned university.

Category 4: There are almost 275 private self-ruling Managerial Institutes endorsed by the

AICTE, without any affiliation to any university, for example Management Development

Institute (MDI), Gurgaon and IMT, Ghaziabad.

Category 5: Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai, Xavier Labor Relations Institute,

Jamshedpur are among the private institutes that are neither associated to any educational

institution nor permitted by the AICTE. The approximate number is estimated to be around fifty.

Category 6: The foreign universities have a campus presence for instance UK based WLC

College offering MBA in India and TASMAC Management institute offering MBA from the

University of Wales, U.K., at Pune, Kolkata and Bangalore. The degree is presented by an

estimated 25 tie ups of private institutions with foreign universities.

India: A hub for Management Studies (Growth of Management Education)

Those who want to pursue management education are choosing India as their study place. India

has made its place in IT education and is currently most preferred country for sourcing

manpower requirement in the IT sector. The Indian business studies sector has observed an

extreme progress over the last five years because of students selecting for a specialized

management programs. The number of management aspirants is growing exponentially as India

is being chosen as a preferred study destination. As per GMAT report for the year 2011, there

has been a consistent growth in number of non American students appearing for GMAT exam,

and again students of Indian origin are leading in the numbers.

The report also brings to notice another fact that there is a sharp decrease in number of students

from central and Asia appearing for GMAT exams. One of the major reason for this is ,

increased awareness among students of these regions about good study options available in

countries like Singapore as well as India and few other countries . Even the overall costs are

quite competitive in these countries in comparison with USA.

The report also highlights that in most of the cases , potential candidates are more interested in

local or regional opportunities. And it is clear that leading Indian institutes can expect more and

more students in the future, provided they keep pace with changing local and global environment

and continuously revise the curriculum, introduce new programs for sunrise sectors and bring

about innovation in teaching-learning methodology.

Key Motivation elements: The major motivational element for learners electing for a

management degree is the extra-ordinary amount of savings that they provide. Majority of Indian

Institutes in the Management field have excellent infrastructure and specialized Placement cell

which helps to get placement for nearly all the students who are with the institute. The necessary

global experience is provided through studying in foreign educational institutes, yet the Indian

industry requires a knowledge of the Indian conditions which is provided by education in the

Indian institutes. To complement the above statement the Indian Management education

coverage has elements of practical and theoretical elements in the right combination and is

highly reasonably priced in nature.

One of the major success factor for India being chosen by most of the Indian students to pursue

management education could be lower costs coupled with good quality. Not only the tuition fees

but also the cost of living in the country of origin is also an economic factor motivating students

to reside in the country for management education. Further, experts in this field also highlights

that continuous growth in economy, availability of better employment opportunities after

completion of studies, is also a major attraction for students.

The image of Indian managerial institutes is being improved with the adaptable concession

measures. The Overseas Institutes are much more stringent and require applicants to possess no

less than three to four years of experience. Thus Indian B-schools might be a feasible decision

for amateurs. It is obvious that with developing global rivalry, the nature of training in India has

likewise developed radiantly. Jain illustrates, "Reputed administration programs in India are

giving splendid quality by captivating amazingly skillful staff and visitor speakers from the

industry. The educational program, instructing material, research endeavor approach, and

generally speaking instruction reflect worldwide practices. Indian Management Institutes are

looked for after in Asia due to minimal effort of training and living, great situation and nature".

The results show that it is the detail that positions as implication that India is at the center of a

continuously worldwide fragment of administration education.

Developing Opportunity of Specialization in Management education of India

Specializations started in segments like banking, retail, insurance, IT and these days the study of

management have ended up being a requirement for a job in practically every field. Some time

back, managerial training was identified with the help of a couple of sections like HRM,

accounting and finance and sales & marketing. At first, building potential in people began when

they commenced their degree courses with an included managerial degree.

The managerial training style has begun to transform into significantly more industry relevant

manner. In the present day the false impressions about an education in management have reduce

to a great degree. Managerial courses have started to develop to address the prerequisites of

various segments. The differential component was the investment of industry in affecting the

educated community educational module. From the subjects which have to be addressed to

highlight their significance with genuine research endeavors to the consistent addresses from

industry champions and suddenly managerial training ends up being completely practical in

nature.

Managerial training has changed from hypothesis arranged to industry-applicable in view of

increment in industry-specific community dealings. The practice is really modified with the mix

of industry experts going to business Institutions, people striving for industry visits, occasions

being held where a stage is conveyed to industry experts and academicians to meet up and impart

their abilities. More learners get helped to seek after for managerial instruction. When B-Schools

were the dominion of a compelled few, a developing measure of people from assorted fields

started to decipher managerial training as a 'quality expansion' to any industry-particular course

closed at graduate or post-graduate level. The consequent stage was keeping tabs on complete

development of people rather than pointing just on academics.

Notable courses were additionally displayed to the learners to engage them to do well in their

campus recruitment. Other than managerial perspectives, soft-skill abilities, dialect courses, even

introduction visits abroad have been apparent. What's more this has affected regarding better

investment levels around the people. In this way, everyone distinguishes other than degree its

crucial to have exceptional interpersonal correspondence and presentation aptitudes, independent

of the industry one settles on as profession choices.

The Managerial profession has been in business since the past century and watched numerous

great and awful times. Presentation to all inclusive perspective additionally helps colossally to fit

without a glitch into the work environment at a multinational company with the conceivability

for situations in diverse nations all inclusive. Management is vital for every human endeavor and

ample for business exercises and according to the authorities, the purview for administration is

developing. The primitive administration that individuals were thinking will go in additional

centered ranges like inn administration, retail administration and so on.

Moreover, the probability for the any managerial course is better on the grounds that today

businesses are acknowledging at the abilities related to multi-tasking of the people who have

great leadership qualities, correspondence, group working and interpersonal skills. What's more

accordingly the decision of management will be constantly present. Greatest Management

initiates offer specialization in administration in the field of advertising, back, operations and

data engineering presently. There are specified courses like in retail administration, combined

administration, fiscal administrations, tourism administration, cordiality administration,

horticulture administration, managing an account administration, protection administration,

occasion administration, form administration even media administration.

Extension of Entrepreneurship and Leadership Development in the Course: Porter and Mckibbin

cover "Entrepreneurism" expressed that business must be given a nearly high level of

acclamation as a topic requesting more consideration in the administration establishes

educational module. A dynamic acclamation of enterprise was made by Amit Kapoor (2011),

Professor at MDI, in an article: "the catastrophe is that business schools have gotten downsized

to the part of position organizations… ..and the bigger explanation behind their presence - to

make ambition people and learning - is passed. The real concern as of now is of impression that

might actually put our nation unquestionably on a guide as an information capital of the planet

and an entrepreneurial center point that might make the planet turn around".

To support business development and benefit guides need to utilize the soul of business

endeavor. Thus, states Prof. Evan J. Douglas (2006) that enterprise has become matured as a

business "interdisciplinary" theme and must be at the heart of business instruction. The

determination of the interdisciplinary center courses, for example business, vital administration,

corporate legislation, is to absorb useful or business teaches like marketing, finance, and HRM in

the viewpoint of real business. Enterprise is logically recognized as an imperative component in

MBA programs for three good explanations. In the first place, it is verifiable that independent

work is an alternative profession that is quite attractive. Second, numerous MBA graduates need

to work with the fast growing counseling and venture capital commercial enterprises, which

require a wide and binding comprehension of all utilitarian ranges and interdisciplinary concerns.

Thirdly, business is regarded as a significant normal for managers who can transform the

business.

"Management instruction should shape business pioneers, as well as national and instructive

guides" stated Bijon Kurien, President and Chief Executive, Life Style – Reliance Retail, in a

gathering (2006) on Management Education. His perceptions were backed by Srikant M. Datar,

Professor at Harvard Business School, in a meeting (2010): "the accentuation of business schools

on hypothesis, models and facts secured investigators rather than leaders and business people

who know how to finish things". He expressed further that the business scene is fluctuating from

pioneers with extraordinary power and minimal contradiction to one with lesser power and

greater difference. As reported by Prof. Datar, persons and administration need to be managed

contrastingly. MBA people must be made skillful on the best way to lead the individuals –

laborers, business people, design engineers or workers in distinctive nations. Conflictingly the

profession of management is effective only if a supervisor can energize and fortify others and

shows authority aptitudes and practice.

Prof. Ishwar Dayal in a study exhibited in a managerial training gathering (2006) said "one of the

lessons from the history of advancement of managerial instruction is through leadership. The

family supervised businesses which represent a bigger rate of today’s enterprises has had the

ability to make enterprisers yet not pioneers". In an animating publication, "In acclaim of the

inadequate pioneer", Deborah Ancona, et al (2007), debated about that no guide is immaculate.

The most effective concentrate on upgrading their qualities and uncover substitutes who can

repay for their limits. Senior executives, mid-level managers, and MBA aspirants were conferred

the management subject at MIT Leadership Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Initiative and

administration transient systems were declared for senior level executives by IIM Lucknow. The

Indian School of Business (ISB) has built initiative and business advancement Centers, in the

center of fresh expansions.

MBA programs developing in Asia and India

Robust development in capacities for full-time MBA programs was indicated in programs of

Asia-Pacific and Central Asia. Fiscal development in India and China, the two most major

markets in Asia Pacific, forms a strong instance for capitalizing in management education.

Demand for MBA programs in India is also determined by the financial, personal and

professional development the degree proposes” as per Bhardwaj director GMAC. These

multidimensional benefits were conveyed by Indian citizens in a distinct analysis done by

GMAC. The 2012 Alumni Perspectives analysis shows that 92 per cent of Indian alumni

acknowledged their management degree is worthwhile in a personal context and 88 percent said

their degree is professionally worthwhile. Demand for MBA among Indians is observed through

a multitude of regions as global Indians form maximum number of foreign applicants for 43 per

cent of MBA programs. Across Asia, 34 percent of MBA programs designated that Indian

citizens form maximum number of foreign applications. For Europe and US, this number stands

at 59 percent and 44 percent correspondingly.

On the other hand, Asia showed the most prominent advances in by and large growth in

provision and in addition most extreme development in female requisition volume for fulltime

one-year MBA programs at 77 percent as recognized with 32 percent in Europe and 47 percent in

the US. 73 percent of managerial projects in India measured affirmed a bigger number of

requisitions from ladies competitors than past year. It's difficult to distinguish the virtual impact

to gauge the battles made by top schools in pulling in ladies competitors and the 'business sector

impact', evidently schools and corporate selection representatives are both working toward larger

gender variety in the management pool and lady applicants in greater numbers are watching the

importance in putting resources into administration training.

The survey has displayed showed outstanding attempts made by courses to enlist enterprisers (16

percent), pre-experience competitors (13 percent), and people from the LGBT group (9 percent).

The yearly survey additionally demonstrates that specialized master's courses in accounting,

finance and management display robust development on an ongoing basis. 359 B-schools of 46

nations joined in this survey. This featured 744 courses, together with 527 MBA courses, 24

business doctoral courses (PhD/ DBA) and 193 particular expert's courses.

Prospects and Tasks for Managerial Education

After globalization, the Ministry of Higher Education in India has started a rundown of

disciplinary movements. Prominent improvement of privatization practice in instruction is

watched with an exponential rise in private instructive establishments. Administration of India is

utilizing numerous measures that are indirect in nature to convey instruction safely to the private

segment as immediate speculation in training can't be carried out effectively and likewise

supporting autonomous establishments and universities which have been provided the deemed

status.

The following segments summarize the key characteristics and prospects of the present day

management learning scenario in India.

Globalization: In the course of the most recent 20 years a definitive test confronted by numerous

businesses has been the growing rivalry furnished by international organizations. Due to

globalization the tariffs boundaries cease to exist exchange understandings continue to get

reinforced.

What do these tendencies mean for our learners, what is the methodology used to address such

changes? First and foremost, the following era of management aspirants need to understand the

constant globalization of business. Distinguishing the vitality of universal business patterns is

paramount as every fragment of the economy is swayed prominently by worldwide budgetary

occasions, and need to make acquainted determinations on the subject of the job prospects

accessible (and related risks) inside a given industry. Students need to fathom the world-wide

economy to accomplish their pursuit to stay aspiring and mobile inside the employment industry.

Indian learners need to acclimate themselves with a strong comprehension of the worldwide

business environment if they have to be on par with the global counterparts. Learners must be

mindful to advancing developments before they transform into standard procedures in the Indian

industry.

Small scale undertakings are entering into tie ups with global business like never before.

Explicitly, this segment of little venture need to affect the advancing prospects and forces

produced by the worldwide commercial center with modest import/export retailers to homestead

communities exchanging a huge number of huge amounts of grain abroad. Gigantic foundations

are administering these issues for a considerable length of time, however numerous industrialists

do have the mindfulness, smoothness and ability to productively examine and catch worldwide

circumstances. In the early 1980s, greatest business schools countrywide continuously

recognized the need for aspirants to know the move toward globalization and sought the

internationalizing of their educational program. Subsequently, to furnish our learners for the

intense forces of tomorrow's business situations, we have to make a powerful affirmation in

helping them to be familiar with the worldwide economy. The primary concern is the manner by

which to address this theme.

Novelty of courses in universal business, exchange and finance came into prominence,

principally as unique subjects and course courses, yet at the appropriate time course as a module

of numerous learners' assignments. Obviously, the developing use of worldwide cases and

illustrations were vital. Numerous learners are spurned without a crucial comprehension of by

what implies these speculations, instruments and practices fit in with their different business

venture in view of isolating the course to various the "global" provisions into their courses or

addresses.

It's prescribed that internationalizing the system must not occur by essentially adding choices to

envisage the ideas as distinct and diverse issues before specialists today. They must be fused into

the common structure of primary courses. Thus an integrated style allows people to know how

internationalization influences every single business segment. It ought to be apparent that this

joining is hugely profitable as learners can the speculations of internationalization while asset

strained departments can propose less courses.

Quality in Management Education: The facet related to quality in managerial studies is as

critical as the aspects of a technical nature. Managerial Education should be capable of infusing

the right attitude in a learner and not simply train a student for procedural skills. Our exertion

must be to display global-level specialization and administration work force sought after

globally. With a specific end goal to make administration instruction workable, downright

quality administration must be launched. At present certain establishments and schools

recognizing that TQM ethics are progressively similar with higher instruction than different

predominant managerial frameworks.

AICTE (All India Council of Technical Education) is assigned with the responsibility of

controlling, watching and guaranteeing the nature of administration training in India. The

establishment of NBA (National Board of Accreditation) and the workshops composed and

arranged have added altogether to predominant awareness for the worth of managerial training,

but then again, does AICTE have the ability to claim that their approvals might bring about

quality managerial instruction of global level.

Growth in Course Curriculum: Educational modules must be explored and well-run on a

general premise as to make it more practical and persuading, there is a need to identify and

advance our educational programs. Nonetheless, its testing to make it likely in view of extensive

and repetitive system for uniting any change in the educational module and program. The whole

cycle of progress is prolonged. It is an essential to make the measures for the casual practice for

learner who is left without the later learning and can get the preference. It implies decisively

investigate introduction in educational module is essential. There ought to be similarity between

the rationale that is bestowed in the classroom and the ground actuality, which a person needs to

basically confront. Assignments designated must be more active and people need to head off to

comparable locations to study different divisions like Marketing, accounting and finance and

HR, so as to obtain a full understanding.

Improvement of teaching materials and case studies: In the workshop convened at IIM,

Ahmedabad it was discussed that these days; an excessive amount of educators depend on old

and obsolete educating methods, organize inadequate information and fail to provide the element

of dexterity which is the key to strive in today's dynamically complicated business conditions. In

the greater part of our Management Institutes the lecture/discussion structure is utilized

extensively which offers a suitable and agreeable approach to provide knowledge but the today’s

steadily developing learners aspire for more. In our nation, not many establishments were able to

develop sufficient instructing materials together with samples of Indian morals in administration.

Subsequently, it’s crucial to embrace learning practices beyond the prevailing case studies and

published information.

Platform for Faculty Development: It is a momentous task to cater to the teacher’s

requirements of the exponentially spending managerial system as the faculty is the key

component in the managerial training process. There is an intense shortfall of remarkable quality

managerial instructors, essentially in the integrative subjects like strategic administration and

practical regions like Finance and Management in Marketing. Negotiations should not be the

component of determination as Faculty choice ought to be carried out on quality just. Permanent

employees should be motivated, with the intention that they can commit full-time for the

association and can likewise be included in the organization part. There is an immediate

requirement to outline a crash course to prepare administration instructors at designated

administration establishment and additionally to top the development of the framework to what

is maintainable without the employee’s quality getting sacrificed. IIMs conducting FDPs are

performing an excellent job in this aspect. As further included organizations thrive with the focus

of profiting as opposed to enhancing the worth of instruction, it’s affecting the nature of faculty.

Industry - Institute connections: In the present times it has become necessary to make the

changes as per the changing situation to encompass the trials of liberalization, privatization and

globalization. Along these lines it is critical for the managerial establishments to have

networking between business and industry to appreciate their necessity and reorient instructing,

preparing consultancy and investigation exercises. Establishments might as well involve senior

executives as staff for uncovering the learners to the realities and challenges of the industry.

Conferencing should be propagated between the executives and the members of the faculty. The

existent technique for expert interface (six-eight weeks) is pretty lacking and may as well have

noteworthy summer trainings, possibly even extended up to one full term. Internship must be

assessed and surveyed.

Pedagogy: In the purview of the re- engineering process, the 21st century has opened new

desires for re-building our technique to instructive originators whatsoever levels of instruction.

The key attention of instruction still rests on the technique of conveying and including

mindfulness to the essentials and educational instruments of the learned. The prime issue in all

the instructing in pedagogy is interface between learners, dealers, and content which is basically

enthusiastic and dynamic. It is key that training must be more students driven than mentor

driven. There is a core need of support workshops to encompass profound thought on the

subject, more scope to validity of commercial ventures and the current business situation, task

strategy ought to be cased to support disclosure studying, case studying and more push on

simulation.

Government role: Government's support helps in clarity on extension of the managerial training

comparable to choice of pros of specialists on the observation panel must be based on certain

qualitative components or measures. Their talented foundation may as well wisely advance the

board and excellent achievements. The premises of position should not be the deciding criteria

for appointments. The administration role should revolve around observing rather than

administering and the connection between government and organizations should be based on

confidence not on mistrust. Private foundations need to be approved with some qualitative

pioneers. Facilities structure needs make over and redesigned in the light of existent ever-

changing environment.

Governance: As of late, AIMA arranged a gathering centered round the theme was that the

administration of training establishments must be transparent. There must be only one

association with principles recorded for sanction or standing of B-schools. Government

associations should not hinder with standing and approval concerns. All the foundations should

act as per the benchmark; then again they might have freedom in fields like choice of people,

workforce, up-degree of courses and so forth.

Values: The ethics in the business is an integral aspect for the industry and cannot be negotiated.

Recognition with the connected features of hard working attitudes are paramount for managers

of the future, for instance how morals could be built and finished at work environment, by what

strategy distinct makes his/her qualities, what are the substance of ethics, which might be

connected to inspire human assets at work put since "associations are not having morals just

individuals have." It is complicated to develop abilities that expedite decision-making saved by

inadequate figures or conflicts.

Growth of Management Education through Distance mode in India

The current period is considered the age of knowledge economy and the higher education is

considered as the one of the most critical element of growth in this era. The government has been

forced to speed-up the process of holistically developing the varied streams of the Indian

education system. A major catalyst in this reasoning is the phenomenal economic growth of the

nation due to liberalization and also globalization.

In-order to sustain the current demands and improve this surge in educational requirement, a

need to recognize the different structural aspects of the educational structure has become vital.

Prime amongst the initiatives in this field are the setting up of various educational institutes

entirely for women or reserving place in the already existing institutes. Thus the female

population in the country is also guaranteed of getting quality higher education. A notable aspect

about Distance Education mode in our country is that in many universities across India the DL

departments are the ones creating the maximum income, which proves the growing prominence

of this mode of education.

The part played by the Distance mode of education becomes extremely substantial and unique

when it comes to increasing the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER). The education in the country is

being liberalized because of the large number of students adopting this method of education and

preferring it over the conventional mode. Thus it can be said that higher education is being

democratized by the growing demand for the courses in distance learning and growth in the

number of Open Universities of Indian origin

The open and distance learning provides several prospects to the learners in India and this is

discussed in this part of the report. The growing importance of Distance Education in imparting

Management Education to the distance learners and its significance in enhancing the growth of

Management Education in the present competitive world will be the major topic of study here.

The open and distance mode of education is characteristic of being a system which is user

friendly in the true sense and thus has an enormous scope of growth. The education in

management can leverage this mode to grow rapidly and be availed by the students in the

country.

Being a method of education which is considered non-traditional this mode goes beyond

geographic and cultural boundaries. It surpasses the differences of regions, economic diversity

and society barriers. The important part played by this mode of learning in providing education

that is cost-effective yet qualitative is the focus of this research. This is extremely critical so that

the new breed of management students can contribute to the enhancement of the existing society.

People who are already employed and have a desire to get further education (higher degree) are

the people who have benefited the most out of courses provided through the distance education

mode. People with no access to the traditional mode of education have been attracted to the non-

conventional mode of distance education. These majorly include people having their own

business, unemployed housewives and youth, people employed in organization aspiring higher

education. Thus to meet the ever-growing demand of such people, the distance education mode

was adopted by many educational institutions.

From the Indian perspective with a multitude of ODL (Open and Distance Learning) institutions

catering to the ever-increasing need for higher education, it is clearly evident that the distance

mode gets an astounding response in this country. Catering to the changing needs of the students

several institutions have announced many new courses according in the distance mode. These

courses are primarily focused on the provision of job oriented education to the learner in this

mode.

Management Education through Distance Education Mode

Although other streams of higher education adopted the distance mode it was not until 1985 that

the first management program was launched through the distance mode. This happened in Patiala

where the University of Punjab launched the very first distance education course for the MBA

degree. This was closely followed in 1987 by the Diploma in Management by IGNOU. This

program was later improved to a PG Diploma and a program in MBA.

With the advent of IT (information technology) in the mid-1990s several institutes started

courses in IT such as Office Management – Diploma courses and different certifications in

Computers and IT Networking.

A multitude of non-traditional courses were introduced in the 80s and 90s. These were diverse

and ranged from degree and diploma courses. Some of the major topics included were: Language

courses for development of English, Management of Banking, Accounting and Finance,

Operational Research, Courses in Library Management, International Marketing, Public

Enterprise Management, Hotel Management and Tourism, Company Law, Journalism etc. Thus

this period is instrumental in the quick advances in the distance mode of education. Here the

distance mode has developed into a more varied structure than the earlier times.

Need for Distance Education in Management Education in India

The upcoming generation has found distance learning as a potential method of acquiring higher

education that is cost-effective yet technologically superior to the conventional methods. The

advent of global practices has affected the education field tremendously and awareness among

students has led to enhance the usual development and standard of living as well as the academic

standards of people. Distance learning provides compilation of information, internet connectivity

facility, improvement in employment and fulfillment of the academic needs. The business

knowledge aspiring population is experiencing an evolution in their way of thinking, attitude and

analyzing their objectives. The dynamic change resulting from liberalization and changes in

global thought has also affected the methods of imparting education.

There are several key factors which limit the students from pursuing a conventional higher

education. Prime amongst these are the growing number of students which result in a very high

cut-off in many prestigious educational institutions. The second challenge is the exorbitant

admission, tutorial and boarding fees charged by such institutions for conventional classroom

education. A key requirement for higher education is the premise that there is a growing

requirement of employees with relevant degrees in each sector of the industry. Thus keeping in

mind the requirements and challenges – the distance mode of education seems the best option for

a large number of students.

A growth up to 40 million higher education students is predicted by 2020 from the present figure

of 16 million students, as per some statistical studies in the field of higher education. One thing

to be focused here is that although the figures are impressive yet there is a lack in the quality of

education imparted by the twenty-six thousand plus higher education establishments.

In India a large percentage almost (60%) is young. From this large percentage a minute 12%

account for the growth ratio. This factor is responsible for generating a massive divide between

uneducated and the educated class in India. (India-Times survey report details)

Distance learning leverages and fully employs the current technology to create a mesh of

academics, learners and teachers who all use the internet and the World Wide Web as the

foundation.

The use of contemporary technology is instrumental in benefiting the distance mode of education

and eliminating the early drawbacks of this mode of education. Distance learning mode has

become easily available for both working professional and students because of the use of the

Internet. The best of the resources can be deployed on the Internet and the learner of this mode of

education can get the benefits.

An aspirant of higher education gains a lot through a degree or certification through distance

learning. The students apart from getting an academic degree also increase the expertise and

level of professional experience through such a course. Distance education enables unemployed

individuals to search for jobs and start working and earn money and pursue studies at the same

time. It also helps professionals who are already in a job and thus can pursue studies.

Monetary imitation and a variety of commitments form limitation for many Indian students to

turn away from education in the conventional mode and thus higher education is sacrificed – this

is true even in some members of higher classes. Thus a flexible mode which helps people get the

necessary higher education without constraints is the distance mode of education. The

requirements of the diverse segments of the society are addressed by this non-conventional

mode, and hence provide a multitude of benefits.

Present Scenario

Two types of distance education institutions exist in India as of the present:

1. Educational Institutions that provide Correspondence courses.

2. Open Universities.

Due to the many factors mentioned in this section of the report an overwhelming response in

India is given to Distance education mode. Currently there are about 13 Open Universities and

200 Institutions that cater to Distance Education courses in various disciplines. The Table given

below depicts the growth of distance education institutions.

Table 1.2: The growth of distance education institutions

As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period

been taken and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body

the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not

feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities acro

departments are the ones creating the maximum income

of this mode of education.

Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the

quality is retained and that the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning

machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and

education in many institutions is becoming primarily a money

The provision of the highest quality

be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational

services(the policy makers).

A high-quality range of services should be made available

research based courses pursued through the

provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An

offline and online library system with books, e

should be made available. Apart from study materia

2: The growth of distance education institutions

As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period

and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body

the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not

feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities acro

creating the maximum income, which proves the growing prominence

Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the

hat the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning

machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and

education in many institutions is becoming primarily a money-making business.

quality of education through the mode of distance learning

be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational

quality range of services should be made available for the high-end professional and

research based courses pursued through the distance mode of education. The learners should be

provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An

offline and online library system with books, e-books, CDs and DVDs on specific subjects

should be made available. Apart from study material the learners should be provided with subject

As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period 2009-10 have

and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body. Some of

the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not

feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities across India the DL

, which proves the growing prominence

Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the

hat the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning

machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and

distance learning should

be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational

end professional and

. The learners should be

provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An

books, CDs and DVDs on specific subjects

l the learners should be provided with subject

specific assignments, project work and case studies which are analyzed and assessed by SMEs

(Experts) from their respective fields.

As a further step to ensure growth of quality education through the distance mode it would be

advisable that a body is set up by either the Distance Education Council or the UGC to oversee

the distance education courses run by the vast multitude of educational institutes in the country.

Growth of Student Enrolment in ODL( Open distance learning)

Being a method of education which is considered non-traditional the education through the

distance mode goes beyond geographic and cultural boundaries. It surpasses the differences of

regions, economic diversity and society barriers. The important part played by this mode of

learning in providing education that is cost-effective yet qualitative is the focus of this research.

This is extremely critical so that the new breed of management students can contribute to the

enhancement of the existing society.

The open and distance learning provides several prospects to the learners in India and is rapidly

growing in importance as a means of imparting higher education and particularly Management

Education to the learners and its significance in enhancing the growth of higher Education. This

mode of education is characteristic of being a system which is user friendly in the true sense and

thus has an enormous scope of growth. The education in management can leverage this mode to

grow rapidly and be availed by the students in the country.

People who are already employed and have a desire to get further education (higher degree) are

the people who have benefited the most out of courses provided through the distance education

mode. People with no access to the traditional mode of education have been attracted to the non-

conventional mode of distance education. These majorly include people having their own

business, unemployed housewives and youth, people employed in organization aspiring higher

education. Thus to meet the ever-growing demand of such people and the lack of financial

resources, the distance education mode was adopted by many educational institutions.

From the Indian perspective with a multitude of ODL (Open and Distance Learning) institutions

catering to the ever-increasing need for higher education, it is clearly evident that the distance

mode gets an astounding response in this country. Catering to the changing needs of the students

several institutions have announced many new courses according in the distance mode. These

courses are primarily focused on the provision of job oriented education to the learner in this

mode.

The first correspondence course was started in 1962 by the Delhi University with a student

enrolment numbering 1,112. The enrolment of student sharpened at a very gradual pace from

1,112 learners in the year 1962 to 29,500 learners in the years 1970-71, thus a gradual increase

was observed in the initial years(Source: UGC Annual Report 1990). The enrolment of students

numbering 166,428 happened in 1980-81 and the number of learners grew to 592,814 in 1990-91

displaying an exponential increase during the 80s and 90s (Source: Manjulika and Reddy, 1996).

It was observed that 1,378000 students were studying through distance mode in 2000-01, and

that this number has risen to 1,833524 in 2005-06. This number in the enrolment has further

increased to 3,636744 in 2009-10. Provided in the below given Table is the distribution of

enrolment in the Open Universities (OUs) and Distance Education Institutes which depict the

enrolment increment in the distance mode of education when compared to the traditional mode

from the past few decades.

Table 1.3: Growth of Enrollment in Distance Education vis -a -vis Conventional system.

Years Enrollment in class

room based Institutes.

Growth Percentage

Enrollment in Dist.

Edn. Inst. & O.U

Distance Education

Share

Growth Percentage

Total

2008 - 09

1,36,41,808 4.49 35,31,440 20.56 18.52 1,28,61,544

2005 - 06

1,11,37,627 6.52 18,33,524 14.256 6.61 97,77,443

2000 - 01

83,99,443 5.55 13,78,000 14.094 7.48 75,77,005

1995 - 96

65,74,005 6.70 10,03,000 13.237 13.8 55,17,682

1990 - 91

49,24,868 7.31 5,92,814 10.744 13.3 39,61,120

1985 - 86

36,06,030 6.20 3,55,090 8.964 22.66 29,18,865

1980 - 81

27,52,437 2.69 1,66,428 5.701 31.8 24,90,319

1975 - 75

24,26,109 17.12 64,210 2.578 436.48 24,90,319,

1962 - 63

7,52,095 - 1,112 0.147 - 7,53,207

( source : University Grants commission (2009) , Higher education in India: Issues related to expansionm

inclusiveness, quality and finance. 0

Trends and challenges

A wide multitude of trends, issues, and challenges have arisen in the field of distance education

due to the advent of new and rapidly evolving technology across the world. Thus a mode which

has been in existence for almost two centuries is exposed to these technology related challenges.

The choice of technology, the discretion of using a particular technology in a specific situation,

the relevance of certification obtained through the internet and the use of courses designed by

foreign educational institutes in a local setting are some of the issues that seem to confront

decision-makers and stakeholder in the education field. These issues need to be addressed

through the means of research, sensitive analysis and critical evaluation.

1. Issues of Competition, Recognition and Globalization:

Students and Teachers from various parts of the world are continuously being attracted by many

local and global educational institutes. These people bring in diverse degrees and hence the

difficulty in assessing the education availed from institutes which are of an unknown origin. A

unique challenge in recognition and certification of education has been created by the distance

mode of education becoming globalized.

Many diverse problems are the result of Globalization for various different countries. A major

issue is the struggle between the foreign education institutes and the local ones. The educational

institutions which are of a local origin typically oppose competition from outside and, are

endeavor to stop foreign educational institutions from functioning in local markets in some

nations. This is because of the fact that competition often reduces prices and increases quality

which is not preferred by the local educational institutions.

The corruption of the cultural fabric of the country is one the primary fears due to the broadcast

of some of the courses which have a foreign origin is another issue.

In order to overcome the challenges provided in this point – an evaluation process for learning

distributed across borders and the daunting task of creating a worldwide certification is the need

of the day. These activities are the very reason for the creation of the GATE (Global Alliance for

Transnational Education).

2. Effectiveness and Quality: It is a pre-requisite to create superior programs that considerable

time and amount are invested. Many of the developing nations may not be able to create quality

program as they possess limited assets. Due to the restrictive thinking of these countries they end

up creating home-grown programs which lack in quality. They thus fail to accept the high-

quality programs created in some other country due to financial and cultural constraints. To

summarize this point it is necessary to create programs in the distance mode of education that

have the right combination of effectiveness and quality.

3.Technology:The technological advances of the present day have a huge potential to improve

quality and increase the prospects of education. Though the advances in technology provide a

multitude of benefits their improper use can prove fatal and many times bear financial

consequences resulting in loss of money and time. If a country’s accepted pattern of imparting

learning or training the academicians is not efficient, the application a new technology to convey

that apprenticeship or training will not accomplish the purpose.

A critical challenge seen by planners as well as educational policymakers is the right financial

choice and information about technology, which in a lot of scenarios is not available to the

educational authorities. In this respect the policy-makers should take into consideration the

essential parameters concerning the course coverage and quality of the instructional medium and

not be influenced by any technology which seems novel in the context of the mode of conveying

the distance education course.

4. Affordability: To maintain quality standards in a consistent manner the courses conducted in

the distance mode need proper planning in the managerial and monetary manner. In the context

of managing funds to support the ongoing educational activities of the distance learning it is

critical that the funds should be prepared for recurrent expenditures along with seed investment

for adequate funding purposes. The above mentioned statement is clearly true of developing

nations where the funds dry up after the seed capital is discontinued.

When the nation’s average monetary apportionment per learner is far exceeded by the cost of the

educational technology or the cost of the distance education course then the educational

infrastructure can get strained. To simplify this concept let us consider an example – The

monetary future of a distance education program will get strained if the basic course requires the

use of a technology which induces a heavy cost element. If this element exceeds the

apportionment of funds then the infrastructure would get strained despite the advantages of the

underlying technology. In this context the most viable solution is to first look at pioneer

programs that can provide cost-effective alternatives which can help sustain the underlying

educational technology

Change in Paradigm

The main concept behind the Distance mode of learning is that both learning and teaching

happen at a distance which is the base framework for this medium. The major agenda of this

mode of learning is to reach learners from far-flung areas of the country. Many phases of change

have been witnessed by the mode of delivering distance education – from its humble beginning

of the mode of correspondence courses to the technologically superior open distance mode

This mode of learning is a flexible type of education and is completely centered on the

facilitation of the education of students unable to obtain education through the traditional

manner. The basic premise of this type of education is the thought that learning and education

should be fundamental to every human being and should reach far-flung corners of the globe.

Thus people in a job, segments of people in remote corners of the globe, weaker sections of the

society should all be able to enhance their knowledge and avail information. Thus distance

learning is instrumental in aiding this requirement.

Courses and certificates in the distance mode are being offered by imparting training in the

techniques and process that are pertinent in the business world.

An astounding growth has been witnessed in the last decade in the context of students who have

opted to join the distance mode of education. They are helped by the start-up open universities,

which combined with the present educational institutions are helping to absorb the high-

enrollment of students. A notable point of observation in this context is that a chunk of higher

education aspirants have shown a preference for the ‘Management’ area of higher studies.

Many research studies involving policy-makers from the distance mode of education have

predicted its share at the tertiary level to be extremely large (possibility of reaching 40 percent).

The basis of this percentage is the phenomenal growth in the enrolment of students at this level

in the higher education. To sustain and improve the growth figure ODL would require a

transition in the paradigm. It would require consolidation of the infrastructural services. The

support should be efficient, effective and of an extremely good quality. Regular observing and

improvement through continuous innovation is the need of the hour for the distance mode of

learning.

The basic model of distance learning especially pertaining to education in management is highly

entrepreneurial in nature and supports innovation, freedom, revolutionary ideas and open

thinking for the aspiring individuals. This mode of education is now become prominent and is

become a part of the educational practice of the present day. It has a lot of synonyms such as

ODL, flexible learning, learning in an online manner, e-learning, distributed learning, resource-

based learning and technology-based learning. Each name varies with its specific usage and is

utilized in an inter-changeable manner.

Many critical human activities are substituted through effective financial decisions and efficient

focus on labor practices which is the hallmark of the distance mode of education (ODL). The

way this mode of imparting education is designed is the one which make brings down the costs

and makes the supporting technology more effective and hence enhances the access to

educational facilities.

Since distance education is based on technology, changes are required in the framework and

policies which govern procedures in telecommunications. The major technology which acts as

the backbone behind the distance mode of education is the internet and thus this technology

should be free of monopolization from the government enterprises.

In this context many credit banks, publishers, educational institutions, training concerns,

software developers, services related to managing libraries, content and equipment providers,

have emerged as international partners in the provision of distance education related services. It

should be noted that the framework that supports the technology in education should be treated

in the same manner of the infrastructure itself.

Technology is extremely critical in supporting the educators in distance education as this mode

of education requires them to don the role of processers of knowledge rather than conveyors of

information. Thus they need to be expert as developers of learning rather than content

developers.

The distance mode of education has a wide reach and involves large number of learners. Thus it

involves mass-scale production and can financially support the development and design of

educational material than institutions which offer the traditional mode of education. The standard

of education is thus enhanced because of the superior quality of the learning material used in the

distance mode of education.

Educational people belonging to the conventional institutions when entrusted to develop the

content for distance mode feel highly influenced by this procedure of developing and designing

of the content. The use of human efforts in the process of developing high quality learning

material for the distance mode of education should not be discontinued just because there is a

potential to leverage the technology.

In order to really enhance the distance mode of education along with the focus on quality of

educational content other aspects like accreditation of learning, structure in terms of incentives

like co-operation between the private and public sectors, subsidies to education and breaks in the

taxes need to be considered as well. Other essential aspects like intellectual rights in the context

of intellect property and international trade also need to be stressed.

Creating of new educational institutions does not lead to Organizational enhancement in the

context of education. A novel type of model in learning is that of a system of educational

institutions and people that together give the sort of administration conveyed by single mode

organizations, however on a more adaptable and open foundation through a methodology of

engagement

A minor administration group is one of two vital necessities for a system; and the different is a

noteworthy financing asset that permits the administration group to acquire the quality assets

required from wherever they are spotted. What this methodology guarantees is an exceptionally

adaptable, flexible, responsive framework that processes high caliber without duty to progressing

institutional expenses, and conveys proficiently by utilizing the relative playing point of every

foundation in a nation or district.

Learners are given control of their own studying courses through utilization of new innovative

methods - this is carried out through an inventive model called as the model of Independent

Study. This calls for an alternate sort of association than was functional when data was archived

halfway in an area to which learners could travel, or in a center with a distance mode of

instructing from which it would be appropriated. Such an association could make teachers

accessible to learners anyplace, and could make courses ready by any organization accessible to

the learners anyplace.

In the distance mode the learners could take in wherever they have found from instructional

assets wherever they are spotted. No learner might need to take direction from precisely the same

instructor as whatever possible. As learners and educators require never again be restricted to the

individuals who gather in any one place, any more than as instructors and scholars might need to

amass in one place. Students in the distance mode of education could have admittance to

instructors from any state or nation at whatever time and in any mixture; they could have entry to

data assets from any state or nation at whatever time and in any blend. Learners additionally

could have general access to counseling and direction in an enhanced manner in the distance

mode of education.

This is an implication of the imperative place distance learning has come to possess in India's

instruction and human asset advancement exertions. In the meantime, there is inadequate open

comprehension of distance training capacities and consciousness about concerns in regards to its

quality affirmation. In spite of the fact that distance instruction frameworks and practices

significantly differ and are particular in their context, the masters in the field think about quality

certification as the normal necessity.

In the Indian context, the development of distance learning, both in qualitative manner and also

in a quantitative fashion, has been marvelous throughout the most recent two decades, especially

after the presentation of the single mode open colleges in the nation. Along these lines ODL

framework has developed as an elective and additionally integral channel of instruction and

preparing in India. It has recently secured its soundness and distinction in the country as a

preferred mode of education

Technologies in information communication (ICT)s are critical in decreasing impoverishment,

enhancing access to health and instruction administrations and making new wellsprings of salary

and vocation for poor people. Having the capacity to enter and use ICTs has turned into a main

consideration in driving aggressiveness, monetary development and social improvement. In the

most recent decade, ICTs, especially versatile telephones, have additionally opened up new

stations for the free stream of thoughts and conclusions, in this manner pushing majority rule

government and human rights.

Utilization of ICTs has turned into a vital prerequisite of learning in the distance mode for

conveyance of courses as it expedites the studying and furnishes the adaptability of location.

Further, the requisition of ICTs gave a major flip to the quickened improvement of separation

training (Panda et.al 2005). Anyhow, so far the advancement in this course has been truly

restricted. It expands the premium of the client notwithstanding giving consistency, protection,

and decreased studying. Multi-media advances can inspire the people and increment their

premium in the studying.

Development of Distance MBA alternatives for International Business and the Career

chances

The business discernment needed for a worldwide business augments past the aptitudes required

for a household endeavor. Legislative issues, society, remote trade, time and separation are a

percentage of the vital variables, which confirm the execution of the business. Business

methodologies are in this manner formulated according to the assorted qualities of the business

sector, the multicultural set-up, global ties and different issues. Worldwide method of marketing

additionally structures a central part of this sort of business administration.

In worldwide business scenario a distance learning graduate will find numerous chances both in

private and open area sectors as in monetary establishments, securities firms, export/import

businesses, baking division, customer service industries, travel and tourism industry, worldwide

business consultancy and venture organizations. Exchanging –exports, imports and different

perspectives request experiences about global business administration, which will help the

organization to execute according to the standards and patterns of the worldwide market. What's

more, outside immediate speculation and monetary improvement offices utilize the skills of such

management professionals.

A short list of industrial sectors of the prospective executives for aspirants with an MBA degree,

either through the conventional mode or the mode of distance learning, in International business

are:

1. Multinational Corporations

2. The transportation and worldwide dispatching organizations

3. Marine and aviation sectors

4. International statistical surveying firms

5. Services in diverse consultancy administration

With the exponential amount of requirement for this specialized administration expertise,

supplemented with the adaptability of the distance studying model, the distance MBA in

overseas business can make the way for a comprehensively eminent vocation. A MBA in

worldwide business opens up rewarding career choices. Practical learning in e-business, human

assets, data engineering and advertising adds more quality to these administration graduates.

Entrepreneurial advancement and family trade through distance mode of MBA

MBA programs in the distance mode serve to empower the aggressive business sector situation,

where the interest for managerial abilities is high and the supply of gifted and encountered

workforce is less. Also, Distance studying courses for expert degrees, for example MBA help

working experts keep up work congruity through their scholastic try. The occupation congruity

or "business-unite" is vital to the concept of developing and nurturing the right people for

business.

How can Business people profit from the MBA specialization through the distance mode?

Business people who have conveyed forward a legacy business or began over again infer

different profits while seeking after separation MBA courses in entrepreneurial improvement and

family business.

Enterprising nature in business can clear a path for an incredible venture, when streamlined with

managerial abilities. The basic concept behind management is making best use of each asset

included within business processing. A synergetic association with all the resources which are an

integral part of the enterprise is generated by entrepreneurs who possess Leadership qualities.

Parameters that come under the purview of MBA Entrepreneurial improvement and family

business maybe - the potential dangers connected with a business, the interpersonal abilities,

chance tolerance, initiative qualities and inventive considering, which are key business person

aptitudes. Some of the key skills developed are enlisted below:

• Interpersonal or social abilities are developed which are critical in building and working

in unified teams

• The development of risk tolerance which will cull out the "venturesome capacities" of a

single person, to transform risks involved in business into a constructive potential

• Thinking innovatively serves to apply novel approach for the business or the business

sector scenario.

The benefits of MBA through the Distance learning

Comfort and receptiveness

The coherence upheld by enterprisers as to their business serves to raise further from the existing

establishment. One of the key focal points of distance learning for MBA is that it serves to look

after coherence with the "work-life", as there is no time and space requirement in this mode of

training. Also, the interface with the business assets, individuals, customer, market and patterns,

is kept live as separation studying doesn't request full-time duty in correlation with customary

stream of education.

Educational modules focused on Industry

MBA projects offered by reputed Distance studying schools are industry-pertinent, with an

emphasis on exposure to the realistic business practices. To improve the studying background of

understudies, separation studying has taken to the engineering medium to convey content,

scholastic and non-scholarly preparing in managerial aptitudes. The web studying projects are

designed in such a manner that they integrate well into the tight corporate schedules of

businessmen undertaking such courses.

Higher instruction establishments are putting forth studying chances to fulfill these differing

requests. Prepared access and adaptability are the trademarks of these activities. Open distance

educations schools and distance studying activities, components are set up to redesign aptitudes

at customary intervals and improve new abilities. Individuals' needs of deep rooted studying are

continually developing. With the help of several programs designed by prominent ODL

institution in the country – the business people undertaking these courses ride on the peak of

inventiveness, grasping up the patterns of the worldwide market situation. In the meantime they

run across new conceivable outcomes good to go administration, and take the right lead for their

undertaking.

Focused on learners

Distance learning lays stress on the requirements and accommodation of the learners while

considering the specific differing qualities around them and ensures that this is a critical

parameter. Unlike formal training, distance instruction puts the customer, i.e. the learner, first

and after that the establishment. It tackles an idea of time which is not discretionary as in it

allows singular variety in the time compass needed for purposes of study. Further, it doesn't

support a distinct time allotment for any course of study. In that sense, it is an adaptable sort of

framework which acclimates itself to the requirements of the learners as they truly exist and

emerge every once in a while and place to place. It doesn't recognize between the adolescent

learner and the old learner, however gives them a conceivability that allows people to program

their particular study sources.

In relative terms, a three year course gets learner focused, in the event that it might be finished in

six to eight years. So also, in all different angles too, if the course is made suitable to the

necessities of the learners, it gets learner focused.

These standards, in any case, ought to be comprehended not in the outright sense yet in the

relative sense. An on-facilities instructive course of three years length of time implied for junior

learners of a specific age with endorsed past instruction and monetary and societal position is

prohibitive. The level of learner centeredness will be enhanced in the event that the same course

is made a bit adaptable by unwinding as far as possible, formal capabilities, the decision of

location to study, and the span inside which the course could be finished.

Flexibility and freedom

In the distance mode of learning student participation is necessary just for reasonable sessions,

practical work and other useful work which is fundamental for expertise advancement. It is not

obligatory to go to the hypothesis directing sessions in spite of the fact that it is prudent to do so.

Thus learning in this mode is described by adaptability as far as time, pace and place are

concerned. All courses are permitted a base and a most extreme length of time. Subsequently the

enlisted learners can finish a course at whatever time inside the most extreme term.

A learner may have a moveable work or s/he may be regularly on tour. In such case, s/he is

expedited to change the study focus or exam focus as the ward of the distance studying

foundation may be extensive or across the country and study focuses are made in some places at

advantageous areas. Consequently the learners the vast majority of whom have other paramount

responsibilities are empowered to advantageously their picked course at their own pace and place

as well.

Distance studying offers courses as per the pace and accommodation of the learners. Therefore

we can say that the training mode in distance education has ended up becoming extremely

prevalent and normal in India, in light of the fact that it is serving the needs of an extensive

variety of learners, who are eager to redesign their instructive capabilities for different purposes.

The Distance instruction framework gives chances to more youthful scholars as well as to those

from the more seasoned age group. The primary explanation behind expanding investment in

Distance training lies in the need for proceeding instruction in today's changing business

situation. The desire of every individual to add quality to their skill adds fuel to the growth of

this mode of education. Education in the distance mode is likewise extremely inexpensive when

compared to the customary mode of instruction.

The conveyors of higher studying should not get diminished to mechanical degree churning

organizations. This point needs to be ensured by the educational authorities who formulate

important policies in this field. Thus higher authorities need to guarantee that colleges and

distance education imparting establishments provide the right quality training through distance

studying courses. The distance mode provides is a simple entry point for aspiring learners. Case

in point, any grown-up who is educated and wishes to finish graduation require not confront the

unnerving prospect of sitting in class with numerous more youthful learners.

Training in Distance mode has incredibly decreased the boundary of separation between

instruction and an ordinary learner past the long commute of home or work place to college.

Presently there is a minute need to build this mode to make it highly professional and of a

superior quality in the view of the society.

Course Delivery and Support Services

With a specific end goal of providing personalized support to its students, many educational

institutions with the distance mode of education have an expansive number of study centers. At

these centers, the learners connect with the course counselors and different learners, allude to

books in the Library, collaborate with the coordinators on authoritative and learning related

matters and refer to audio and visual courseware. The strategy of direction in this mode is not the

same as that of the traditional mode of instruction. The distance training framework is more

learner-focused and the student is an animated member in the pedagogical (educating and

studying) process. The vast majority of the guidelines are granted through separation training

procedure and up close and personal mode according to the prerequisites.

The distance learning framework adopts a multi-media methodology for guideline, which

embodies:

a) Written Material in the self-Instructional mode: The self-instructional style is

employed for the printed study material. These are employed for both hypothesis and

functional segments of the courses supplied to the learners.

b) AV Material Aids: The educational material consists of both sound and visual CDS

which have been created by the institution for better elucidation and improvement of

comprehension of the course material given to the learners. The film tapes are screened at

the study focuses throughout particular sessions which are appropriately informed for the

profit of the learners.

c) Counseling Sessions: In common situations guiding sessions are held according to

calendar drawn by the Study Centers. These are basically held outside the customary

working hours of the host organizations where the study centers are placed.

d) Teleconferences: Live video chatting sessions are directed by means of satellite.

e) Practical work and Projects: Some courses like Banking, Economics and Journalism

have practical/project segment also. Participation at practical sessions is mandatory and is

held at designated foundations for which the study centers provided the timetable.

Student autonomy

In an ordinary classroom, the educator figures out what they will instruct, on the contrary in a

guiding session, the discourses might be administered by the learners’ requirements with their

necessities. Thus it can be said that there is more educational flexibility concurred to the learner

since the ODL framework is more learner-driven.

Effective in terms of cost

Distance instruction is practical and highly inexpensive. The core expense is course material

which is overall ready and printed or provided in the form of Cds or other electronic forms. The

educating is incorporated with the study material, and overheads, compensations, and physical

edifices embodying the framework are negligible as both base and personnel are drawn from the

existing assets accessible in secured instructive establishments of high amount of repute. The

distance studying mode takes into account numerous yearning learners who find it challenging to

go to customary courses of study. On the other hand the traditional arrangement of education

lacks the ability to adapt to the expanding interest for training. The number of students is

confined and it is additionally important for students to be available full time for their studies.

Conferencing done through the application of computers is an inexpensive method to giving

intuitiveness between educators and learners, however live intelligent telecasts and video

conferencing are still exceptionally high cost innovations, paying little respect to the amount of

learners enlisted.

For modest amount of learners the learning mediums like cassettes and print are the most

inexpensive cost innovations, for learners over thousand in number the mode of radio proves

increasingly effective to accomplish the desired objectives for every learner expenses.

Affordability

Sound monetary arrangements and administration are required for training projects in the

distance mode in order to guarantee practicality. Much of the time, advancing nations uncover

that subsidizes are not accessible to proceed a distance program after initial donations have

exhausted, so it is vital that beginning venture be joined by satisfactory subsidizing for

intermittent consumptions.

An identified issue goes out when individual learner cost of including distance instruction or

other training engineering is substantial in respect to a nation's normal for every scholar

monetary portion for that instructive level. When the nation’s average monetary apportionment

per learner is far exceeded by the cost of the educational technology or the cost of the distance

education course then the educational infrastructure can get strained. To simplify this concept let

us consider an example – The monetary future of a distance education program will get strained

if the basic course requires the use of a technology which induces a heavy cost element. If this

element exceeds the apportionment of funds then the infrastructure would get strained despite the

advantages of the underlying technology. In this context the most viable solution is to first look

at pioneer programs that can provide cost-effective alternatives which can help sustain the

underlying educational technology

On the job Learning

A large number of people seek different degrees or expert improvement on their own from their

residences —a pattern that will expand as additional people increase access to the World Wide

Web and Internet. A rapidly increasing number of organizations are utilizing distance instruction

as an inexpensive approach to give expert up-skilling for their workers. A prominent example

being, HP (Hewlett-Packard) which has created a high-tech educating office that gives TV

telecasts to its workers at more than hundred destinations in Europe and the United States.

Different organizations are turning to outside associations, with educational institutions to

furnish expert improvement for their representatives.

Liberalization of Learning

ODL is set to achieve the essential learning element to people from far flung areas and give

training at the doorstep of the learners and consistent with their comfort. Distance learning

accommodates simple and equivalent access to all learners covetous of seeking after their dream

of acquiring quality training. It cuts over all obstructions of standing, class and doctrine and

gives equivalent access to all individuals subsequently democratizing instruction and taking it to

the doorsteps of the learners.

In Distance education the essential stress is on improvement, adaptability and cost viability. It

aspires to spread education and gaining information through the distance instruction mode

incorporating the utilization of any correspondence engineering to give chances for higher

training. It gives simple access to learning to distinctive segments of social order, particularly to

those with obviously geological disengagement & challenge, and indulges the instructive needs

of the target bunches through the open frameworks of studying. Separation studying idea

presented in the nation with a perspective to democratize training, with the intention that it

blankets huge fragments of populace and employments.

ODL foundations are not just imparting training as an elective to the formal framework i.e.

training in routine courses, but also in professional and specialized instructor training and even in

technical background based training. Open distance studying has likewise made a few

commitments in professional and specialized training. The Open and Distance Learning

establishments aspire at strengthening and expediting quality studying process in separation

learners through intuitive exercises. As per Daniel (1992) Open and Distance Learning offers

various preferences to learners one of which is to furnish chances for studying. Over the previous

decades, there has been a perceptible development in separation instruction around the globe.

This is really clear from the expanding enrolment in Open Distance Learning (ODL)

foundations.

Distance learning is utilized as a part of an assortment of settings and for a multitude of

purposes. Governments utilize it to preparing instructors or different specialists, for the provision

of OJT and to upgrade the nature of conventional essential and auxiliary educating, and to

convey direction to remote provincial zones that may not generally be served as a norm. B-

Schools utilize it to build the amount of learners who have admittance to higher instruction;

organizations utilize it to overhaul their laborers' abilities and keep them side by side of quickly

propelling innovations; people utilize it for their own particular expert advancement and to

improve their profession chances;

Utilization of advanced technology in the conveyance of distance courses

Distance learning is creating a worldwide impetus which is showing ongoing growth, making a

multitude of new associations as universal instructive establishments join with organizations,

outside governments, and universal associations to offer and use Distance studying. Improving

nations now have new chances to gain access to learning and improve their human capital. There

is an enormous amount of development and differing qualities in Distance training in the

quantity and sorts of people studying outside accepted classrooms, in the assortment of suppliers,

and in the extent and adequacy of new innovations serving as conveyance devices for studying.

In spite of the fact that numerous advancing nations still have restricted access to the new

advances in innovative technologies, major new speculations in telecommunications and data

frameworks are set to breathtakingly enhance their availability to these nations. Innovation is a

core provider to the sensational change of separation studying. In spite of the fact that the

utilization of engineering for distance education is not new—radio and TV have been utilized

adequately for more than forty years—satellites and the Internet are converting the planet into a

boundary-less instructive area, profiting both formerly under-served segments of the community

and training ambition people.

A multi-media approach in the distance learning course conveyance utilizing the most recent

innovation is conceivable through the ODL framework. The planet is currently moving towards

mixed studying framework (learning in a blended form). Pulist (2001) led a study on "Student

Support Services in Correspondence/distance Education in India: A Historical Perspective". As

per Pulist the learner backed administration services inevitably aspire at recompensing for the

deficiency of live support from instructor for the profit of the disconnected distinct learners and

making the necessaries essential service accessible to them either in an indirect or direct manner.

PC supported studying, web studying, satellite based direction through video chatting, intuitive

radio lessons, sound and visual lessons through Cds and the TV are all made conceivable in the

ODL framework. In the study Pulist has highlighted the need of Open and Distance Learning in

bestowing quality higher training through best utilization of engineering.

Distance MBA in India - the Epitome of Quality and Flexibility

The developing acknowledgement of distance studying courses and development of the Open

University framework is helping immensely in the liberalization of higher level learning in India.

Higher training is the most prominent component of development in this period of information

economy. The GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) needs to be doubled in the coming years to make a

mark towards the educational endeavor. In this setting, part of Open and Distance Learning

System gets critical and interesting. The development of the Indian economy in recent times and

the impulse to maintain it is likewise compelling the Indian government to quicken the

methodology of improving all the extensions of the Indian instruction framework. In this way, it

might be extremely fascinating to comprehend and examine the different structures of training in

India, its current condition and prospective advancements. The enhancement of the right to gain

entrance to higher training for the ladies of India is also one of the prime areas of focus. This is

done by setting up different instructive organizations only for them or holding seats in the

recently existing foundations.

Obtaining a degree in the MBA is likewise conceivable through distance studying mode these

days. An MBA degree pursued through the distance mode in India normally includes getting

course materials at the learner's residence, going to classes in the night or occasions at the close-

by study Centers, connecting with teachers and different understudies through Email, and

clearing papers at your own pace. In the present quick paced life, various people in India are

demonstrating distinct fascinations in different distance studying systems. It is not a requisite to

keep themselves in an expected classroom mood that is truly inflexible. In their chase to attain

simplicity and adaptability in studying, learners set out toward a vast number of distance

studying foundations and schools offering adaptable and moderate courses in the nation.

The prominence of MBA though the distance mode in India has accomplished such a stature that

famous institutions and colleges for conventional management studies have created a dedicated

department for MBA though the distance mode. Some prominent examples being - The Noida-

based Amity University, The Mumbai-based Narsee Monjee institute of management studies,

The Ghaziabad-based Institute of Management Technology, Symbiosis based in the city of Pune

and ICFAI University of Tripura. There are likewise numerous open schools offering MBA in

the distance mode, specifically IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University in Delhi), Dr.

BR Ambedkar Open University in Hyderabad, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University in

Bhopal, and International Center for Distance Education and Open Learning under HP

University in Shimla.

The extent that different courses offered through distance MBA in India are concerned, people

can avail the numerous sorts of courses with specializations comparable to the full-time courses

in the field of management. These incorporate degrees in HR, retail management, international

business, account, human asset, showcasing, tourism and accommodation, data frameworks,

operations, venture and E-Commerce.

The inclination for a degree through the distance studying framework is fuelled by the various

favorable circumstances that the learners benefit from in the present situation. In a distance MBA

because of its lower working expenses contrasted with ordinary establishments learners are able

to save on their finances. As different full-time systems are quite costly, distance studying is the

best alternative for understudies with a tight plan. It is likewise to a great degree adaptable in

nature due to the flexibility of classes in the night, weekends or on special occasions. Thus, both

adolescent and matured working executives can secure degree in the field of management

without leaving their employments. It is instrumental in creating prospective profession

development. As different distance systems are offered by respectable colleges and universities,

there is no inquiry check on quality and reputation by the industry.

Exponential development has been witnessed in India in the field of higher education. Beginning

in the early 1950s, there were just 263,000 learners in all streams in 750 odd colleges. These

colleges were linked to 30 universities. Open Universities could be remarkably financially savvy

as the expense of instructing through distance training descends to a third of the cost contrasted

with the traditional framework of education. They also administer a close association with the

industry and are particularly accommodating to the individuals who can't manage the cost of a

convention university because of high expense or absence of time as they are as of now utilized.

Distance training with new data and correspondence engineering guarantees to grow the outskirts

of Higher Education as at no other time.

The production of Schools of Law, IITs, IIMs, Management schools, and a multitude of research

establishments have now been well and generally acknowledged.

In earlier days , provision of higher education was a part of national level strategy and there was

a lot of government control. These are becoming a matter of past. Higher education is becoming

a globalised commodity. Internet and broadband infrastructure development is changing the

higher education landscape at a rapid pace. Students are able to attend to the best of best faculty

lectures without leaving their home country or even without leaving their home. They just

require basic 256 kbps bandwidth internet connection to attend the lecture of renowned faculty

and seating from the comfort of their home they are able to participate in live lectures and clarify

their doubts. Even they can interact with students seating across other part of the world and thus

knowledge sharing is taking place at a very broad level compared to physical classroom , which

can accommodate only a few students.

Distance studying courses in rural parts of have also grown immensely in terms of popularity as

the course charges of the distance courses are much lesser than the conventional courses.

Subsequently the distance studying organizations are serving an exceptionally imperative reason

by empowering the less advantaged segments of the social order to seek after higher instruction

of their decision. One can run into altered courses in separation studying suiting your specific

prerequisites. Distance Learning Courses in India are progressively coming to be prominent. The

accessibility of distance studying courses has guaranteed that an individual can seek after

instruction from any state or school that he or she craves. It may be conceivable because of the

innovation utilized as a part of this mode of training.

Students from the distance mode are provided with a multitude of study material on research and

are furnished to make learners familiar with the genuine business issues and the requisition of

administration standards and practices to purpose them. The term of finishing a separation MBA

completely relies on the understudy. In this way, you've all the flexibility and opportunity to

finalize the course at your own convenience. The course syllabus incorporates all the most recent

standards, practices and drifts in the administration instruction to make them comparable to the

best full-time programs. The idea of E-studying is additionally a part of separation MBA in India

with such a variety of instructive Cds and Dvds supplied to scholars.

The development of IGNOU

IGNOU has so far created more than 3000 Lacs (Learners Support Centers) and 61 Rcs

(recognized Regional Centers), and 60 (Partner Institutions) Pis including head organizations of

variant nature incorporating medicinal and building universities, heading Ngos, paramilitary

powers and military and also ordinary and specialized schools and schools to furnish effective

and adequate distance training the nation over. With a specific end goal to fulfill the marathon

undertaking, IGNOU has improved a suitable study system the nation over as well as be seen in

36 provinces globally. This system of the college incorporates Regional Centers

(Rcs),recognized Regional Centers (Rrcs), Learners Support Centers (Lscs) and Partner

Institutions (Pis), dependent upon the standard of meeting, systems administration and asset

imparting.

The aggregate enrolment has expanded multiple times through outlast twenty five years. It is

clear to record that total admission in 1987 was 4527 and only programs were on offer. The same

reached to the admission of 636488 students in the year 2009. While noticing the enrolment

figure of IGNOU for most recent 10 years, a development of 223% has been enrolled, hence the

no. students showed up in the Term End Exam , likewise expanded impressively. The distance

institutions have made in-noteworthy advance since its commencement in the year 1985. In this

manner, the amount of applicants who showed up in TEE has likewise expanded from 144098 in

the year 2000 to 639407 in the year 2009 showing huge growth of 343.74 %..

This extra-ordinary development in admissions has set the stage for encompassing improvement

of the IGNOU-SSS system. While investigating the other vital angles, it is uncovered that the

amount of qualified applicants, who were honored degrees, recognitions and declarations

additionally expanded fundamentally. It may be noted that in the first meeting 1171 learners

were the beneficiaries of college degrees/diplomas and authentications. Throughout the most

recent two decades, there has been wonder build in the number awardees; therefore 1, 33,628

learners were the beneficiary of school degrees, confirmations and declarations in 21st meeting

held in March 2010.

In IGNOU alone 0.636 million learners were enrolled throughout 2009 and 2.47 million were on

the IGNOU rolls. It has likewise been assessed that in the vicinity of one third learners around

school participants might be obliged in ODL framework. Open and Distance Learning System

(ODL) has pick up driving force in India throughout the last two and half decades especially

since the station of Indira Gandhi Nation Open University (IGNOU) in the year 1985, thus it has

seen extraordinary development as far as enrolment.

The ODL framework also gives chances to the learners to collaborate with the educators in

personalized (f2f) advising and exchange with the companions throughout their visit to Learners

Support Centers (Lscs).The migration of learners to ODL framework in their aspiration to higher

studying is primarily because of simple and adaptable principles and regulations regarding

location, speed and length of time of the study and additionally accessibility of broadened

studying bundles incorporating print and sound movie material and so forth.

IGNOU has implemented the suggestions of a substantial scale utilization of web by its learners

and activities have been taken to supplement its Lscs with PC and web offices. Utilization of

web has recently caught the consideration of urban learners and learners from small towns and

village areas are prone to benefit as well. Consequently remedial measures are solicited to be

made in the SSS (student support services). The utilization of digital technology and spread of

internet has developed new channel of e-studying, virtual learning, e-gyankosh (computerized

library) and on line dialogue around different assemblies incorporating instructor, taught and

companion. Internet (WWW) has ended up normal utterance for separation learners since their

dependence for on- line help administrations is expanding step by step. In this manner the

developing consciousness has postured genuine challenges after the educationists, organizers and

approach creators. Subsequently vital modification must be made to adapt up the constantly

expanding interest for on line support administrations, examining its pros and cons.

The learning information is likewise given through IRC(Interactive Radio Counseling), Gyan

Darshan and Gyanvani. On line connection by utilizing Edusat and Shakhat websites, which are

uniquely intended to supplement the on line studying are jump at the chance to assume major

part at the appointed time course of time. The use of Digital technology and internet to support

the studying expressed in IGNOU in 1991 by out sourcing creation of visual courses, the creation

of Electronic Media Production Center (EMPC) has helped in this cause. Therefore it has

outfitted its Lscs with video chatting (TC) offices to expedite story advising, where restricted

film and two ways sound is conceivable.

Accomplishment of ODL framework can additionally be credited to the configuration,

advancement of high caliber self- instructional material (SIM) and conveyance of the courses in

productive and adequate way. IGNOU not only backs its learners through print material but also

supports their aspiration to studying by processing and supplying high caliber sound motion

picture tapes and Cds. The processing of student course-ware and visual material has likewise

expanded considerably through the years, as 1526 sound film tapes and Cds as well as print

material over 16,000 blocks were prepared.

Edusat has enhanced and widened the dimensions of ODL framework, especially in India as

synchronous AV communication and chances of online face to face communication and visiting

with the guides might empower countless to join ODL framework. With the advancement of

electronic media to back the learners through the sound, movie tapes/discs, television, machine

interceded and internet studying, virtual classroom, fax, phone educating mail and so on., the

way of the backing administration has additionally experienced huge change.

It may be noted that the visual material is additionally made accessible at its Lscs, where learners

can make best utilization of it to advance learning. Accompanying the main of asset offering and

systems administration, low maintenance functionaries and scholastic advocates are

predominantly drawn from the host organizations and establishments inside the region of Lscs.

Understanding the developing significance of ODL framework, an endeavor has been made to

evaluate the significant parts of SSS to require remedial measures in backing administrations at

the bleeding edge level. Hence, all the learners who went to the eighteenth meeting at RC

Lucknow were recognized with the end goal of study regardless of their experience, position,

age, sex and course of study. The amount of temporary employees and educational advisors has

also expanded essentially which shows that IGNOU as a mission and ODL as a mode has picked

up huge force throughout last two half decades.

The thoughts of successful students who have been honored degrees, certificates and testaments

in the eighteenth assembly have been broke down. The essential issues on which criticism was

gained from 335 solid applicants incorporate pre-admission directions, receipt of study materials,

receipt of different interchanges which are extremely significant to choose the pace of the

studying, input on the advising, chore assessment, venture work, TEE and utilization of ICT to

supplement the study and so on.

Hence the primary aim of the study is to make discriminating appraisal of existing SSS practices

and propose remedial measures. To finish the undertaking a generally organized poll was

outlined and regulated around the fruitful applicants at the venue of assembly. The finding of the

study is put in an intelligible skeleton of the study. PG courses offered: PG certificate in Rural

Development, Marketing Management and Financial Management.

National development through Distance Learning

Open and Distance mode of education has been a secured and satisfactory type of ongoing

training in management, the Information Technology and tertiary level instruction. Thenmozhi

(2009) states the instance of University of Madras management training through the distance

mode course started in 2002 and altered in 2006 where learners need possibility and adaptability

in courses offered, length of time is essential variable in selecting courses. This medium consists

of sending the report for the projects by the postal services saved on time and cleared and

geological hindrances. The course material in self-instructional method is specifically created for

distance instruction through exceptionally participative philosophy, this has offered

interest/motivation to learners. Salooja (2006) portrays how nourishment preparing industry has

been impacted by ODL courses. Garg and others (2006) give their consent to cases where ODL

has benefited a multitude of segments affecting the national improvement in India. Extensively

talking different country advancements, mass instruction and group advancement courses offered

by ODL establishes crosswise over India also facilitates the national improvement of the nation.

Today separated from colleges and ODL organizations, diverse foundations and associations are

also utilizing this mode for preparing needs of distinctive target segments. The government, non-

government, corporate and scholastic segments are the entities that are known to utilize the

Communication Network at DECU (Development and Educational Communication Unit) and

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).

The IMA (Indian Medical Association) is furnishing courses in household medication, elderly

forethought, and so forth and Nutritional Institution of Health and Family Welfare are putting

forth courses in doctor's facility administration, health and family welfare administration and so

forth. Therapeutic and health courses of IGNOU are backed by WHO (World Health

Organization), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Asian Heart Foundation, Academy of

Hospital Administration, Association of Rural Surgeons of India (ARSI), Trained Nurses

Association of India (TNAI), et cetera. The vast majority of the health identified courses are

learning based and not aptitude based. The viable part is conducted through contact sessions. The

ability based health courses are in the field of dietetics and nourishment, yoga and advising.

To sum up distance Learning Courses in India are progressively coming to be well known. The

accessibility of distance studying courses has guaranteed that an individual can seek after

instruction from any state or school that he or she fancies. Through its different expert,

professional and viable courses, distance learning is assuming a paramount part in the in general

advancement of the learners. Doubtlessly distance studying is assuming an imperative part in

bestowing higher training through distance mode. Be that as it may the need of great importance

is that more attention must be given to distance studying so the deprived and the individuals who

empower to bear on their study through conventional mode of training can get a shot of studying

through distance mode of instruction and be a part of studied social order. It may be conceivable

because of the innovation utilized within this mode of instruction. As the course charge of these

courses is much lesser than the consistent courses, separation studying courses in India have

likewise come to be mainstream in the provincial ranges. Consequently the separation studying

organizations are serving an exceptionally significant reason by empowering the less advantaged

segments of the social order to seek after higher instruction of their decision.